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Oliveira MS, Mussi SV, Gomes DA, Yoshida MI, Frezard F, Carregal VM, Ferreira LAM. α-Tocopherol succinate improves encapsulation and anticancer activity of doxorubicin loaded in solid lipid nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 140:246-253. [PMID: 26764108 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to develop solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) co-loaded with doxorubicin and α-tocopheryl succinate (TS), a succinic acid ester of α-tocopherol that exhibits anticancer actions, evaluating the influence of TS on drug encapsulation efficiency. The SLN were characterized for size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency (EE), and drug release. Studies of in vitro anticancer activity were also conducted. The EE was significantly improved from 30 ± 1% to 96 ± 2% for SLN without and with TS at 0.4%, respectively. In contrast, a reduction in particle size from 298 ± 1 to 79 ± 1 nm was observed for SLN without and with TS respectively. The doxorubicin release data show that SLN provide a controlled drug release. The in vitro studies showed higher cytotoxicity for doxorubicin-TS-loaded SLN than for free doxorubicin in breast cancer cells. These findings suggest that TS-doxorubicin-loaded SLN is a promising alternative for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S Oliveira
- Department of Phamaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Samuel V Mussi
- Department of Phamaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Dawidson A Gomes
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Maria Irene Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Frederic Frezard
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Virgínia M Carregal
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucas A M Ferreira
- Department of Phamaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil.
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52
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Banudevi S, Swaminathan S, Maheswari KU. Pleiotropic Role of Dietary Phytochemicals in Cancer: Emerging Perspectives for Combinational Therapy. Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:1021-48. [PMID: 26359767 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1073762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is considered a complicated health issue worldwide. The mean cancer survival through standard therapeutic strategies has not been significantly improved over the past few decades. Hence, alternate remedies are needed to treat or prevent this dreadful disease being explored. Currently, it has been recognized that repeated treatment with chemotherapeutic agents has been largely ineffective due to multidrug resistance and further conventional treatment possesses limited drug accessibility to cancerous tissues, which in turn necessitates a higher dose resulting in increased cytotoxicity. Drug combinations have been practiced to address the problems associated with conventional single drug treatment. Recently, natural dietary agents have attracted much attention in cancer therapy because of their synergistic effects with anticancer drugs against different types of cancer. Natural phytochemicals may execute their anticancer activity through targeting diverse cancer cell signaling pathways, promoting cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, regulating antioxidant status and detoxification. This review focuses mainly on the anticancer efficacy of dietary phytochemicals in combination with standard therapeutic drugs reported from various in vitro and in vivo experimental studies apart from clinical trials. This review adds knowledge to the field of intervention studies using combinational modalities that opens a new window for cancer treatment/chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivanantham Banudevi
- a Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Sethuraman Swaminathan
- a Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Krishnan Uma Maheswari
- a Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Tamil Nadu , India
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53
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Waters LJ, Swaine TS, Lewis AL. A calorimetric investigation of doxorubicin–polymer bead interactions. Int J Pharm 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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54
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Li Y, Abbaspour MR, Grootendorst PV, Rauth AM, Wu XY. Optimization of controlled release nanoparticle formulation of verapamil hydrochloride using artificial neural networks with genetic algorithm and response surface methodology. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 94:170-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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55
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Manganese oxide and docetaxel co-loaded fluorescent polymer nanoparticles for dual modal imaging and chemotherapy of breast cancer. J Control Release 2015; 209:186-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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56
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Luo S, Gu Y, Zhang Y, Guo P, Mukerabigwi JF, Liu M, Lei S, Cao Y, He H, Huang X. Precise Ratiometric Control of Dual Drugs through a Single Macromolecule for Combination Therapy. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:2318-27. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500867g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Luo
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ying Gu
- Prenatal
Diagnosis Center, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Hospital, Lianyungang, 222002, P. R. China
| | - Yuannian Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Pei Guo
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jean Felix Mukerabigwi
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Shaojun Lei
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yu Cao
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Hongxuan He
- Key
Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of
Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Xueying Huang
- Key
Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),
College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
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57
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Cheng J, Liu Q, Shuhendler AJ, Rauth AM, Wu XY. Optimizing the design and in vitro evaluation of bioreactive glucose oxidase-microspheres for enhanced cytotoxicity against multidrug resistant breast cancer cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 130:164-72. [PMID: 25896537 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Glucose oxidase (GOX) encapsulated in alginate-chitosan microspheres (GOX-MS) was shown in our previous work to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in situ and exhibit anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. The purpose of present work was to optimize the design and thus enhance the efficacy of GOX-MS against multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cells. GOX-MS with different mean diameters of 4, 20 or 140 μm were prepared using an emulsification-internal gelation-adsorption-chitosan coating method with varying compositions and conditions. The GOX loading efficiency, loading level, relative bioactivity of GOX-MS, and GOX leakage were determined and optimal chitosan concentrations in the coating solution were identified. The influence of particle size on cellular uptake, ROS generation, cytotoxicity and their underlying mechanisms was investigated. At the same GOX dose and incubation time, smaller sized GOX-MS produced larger amounts of H2O2 in cell culture medium and greater cytotoxicity toward murine breast cancer MDR (EMT6/AR1.0) and wild type (EMT6/WT) cells. Fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed significant uptake of small sized (4 μm) GOX-MS by both MDR and WT cells, but no cellular uptake of large (140 μm) GOX-MS. The GOX-MS were equally effective in killing both MDR cells and WT cells. The cytotoxicity of the GOX formulations was positively correlated with membrane damage and lipid peroxidation. GOX-MS induced greater membrane damage and lipid peroxidation in MDR cells than the WT cells. These results suggest that the optimized, small micron-sized GOX-MS are highly effective against MDR breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Cheng
- Advanced Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3M2
| | - Qun Liu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3M2
| | - Adam J Shuhendler
- Advanced Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3M2
| | - Andrew M Rauth
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, 610 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9
| | - Xiao Yu Wu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3M2.
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58
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Prasad P, Cheng J, Shuhendler A, Rauth AM, Wu XY. A novel nanoparticle formulation overcomes multiple types of membrane efflux pumps in human breast cancer cells. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2015; 2:95-105. [PMID: 25786718 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-011-0051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells can involve overexpression of different types of membrane drug efflux pumps and other drug resistance mechanisms. Hence, inhibition of one resistance mechanism may not be therapeutically effective. Previously we demonstrated a new polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticle (PLN) system was able to circumvent drug resistance of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) overexpressing breast cancer cells. The objectives of the present study were 2-fold: (1) to evaluate the ability of the PLN system to overcome two other membrane efflux pumps-multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1+) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP+) overexpressed on human breast cancer cell lines MCF7 VP (MRP1+) and MCF7 MX (BCRP+); and (2) to evaluate possible synergistic effects of doxorubicin (Dox)-mitomycin C (MMC) in these cell lines. These objectives were accomplished by measuring in vitro cellular uptake, intracellular trafficking, and cytotoxicity (using a clonogenic assay and median effect analysis), of Dox, MMC, or Dox-MMC co-loaded PLN. Treatment of MDR cells with PLN encapsulating single anticancer agents significantly enhanced cell kill compared to free Dox or MMC solutions. Dox-MMC co-loaded PLN were 20-30-folds more effective in killing MDR cells than free drugs. Co-encapsulated Dox-MMC was more effective in killing MDR cells than single agent-encapsulated PLN. Microscopic images showed perinuclear localization of fluorescently labelled PLN in all cell lines. These results are consistent with our previous results for P-gp overexpressing breast cancer cells suggesting the PLN system can overcome multiple types of membrane efflux pumps increasing the cytotoxicity of Dox-MMC at significantly lower doses than free drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethy Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3M2
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Akhter S, Amin S, Ahmad J, Khan S, Anwar M, Ahmad MZ, Rahman Z, Ahmad FJ. Nanotechnology to Combat Multidrug Resistance in Cancer. RESISTANCE TO TARGETED ANTI-CANCER THERAPEUTICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09801-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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60
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Kaur V, Garg T, Rath G, Goyal AK. Therapeutic potential of nanocarrier for overcoming to P-glycoprotein. J Drug Target 2014; 22:859-70. [PMID: 25101945 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2014.947295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Enhancement of targeted therapeutic effect in the body and achievement of high bioavailability are major concern for the researchers due to the complex physiology of human body. There are so many barriers that hinder the absorption and permeation of drugs from the body, thus influencing the bioavailability of therapeutics. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is one of such barrier present on the apical membranes of various organs such as small intestine, brain, kidney and liver. This protein interacts with vast variety of therapeutics and efflux out them preventing their entrance to the desired site, thus modulating their pharmacokinetic properties. To address this, a concerned number of approaches have been used such as the use of chemo sensitizers along with the therapeutics and various novel techniques. In this review, we are going to discuss the basic introduction to this protein and overview of various strategies used earlier to tackle the problem of P-gp efflux as well as the role of nanocarriers in confronting this issue. Nanocarriers have played great role in the enhancement of the bioavailability of many antineoplastic agents as well as other P-gp substrates. Encapsulation of P-gp inhibitors in the nanocarrier system prevents toxicity and gives site-specific action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimratjeet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga, Punjab , India
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61
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Shuhendler AJ, Prasad P, Zhang RX, Amini MA, Sun M, Liu PP, Bristow RG, Rauth AM, Wu XY. Synergistic nanoparticulate drug combination overcomes multidrug resistance, increases efficacy, and reduces cardiotoxicity in a nonimmunocompromised breast tumor model. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:2659-74. [PMID: 24830351 DOI: 10.1021/mp500093c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Anthracyclines, commonly employed for cancer chemotherapy, suffer from dose-limiting cardiotoxicity and poor efficacy due to multidrug resistance (MDR). We previously demonstrated that simultaneous delivery of the synergistic drugs doxorubicin (DOX) and mitomycin C (MMC) by polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles (PLN) circumvented MDR, increased efficacy, and reduced cardiotoxicity in immuncompromised mice superior to poly(ethylene glycol)-coated (PEGylated) lipososmal DOX (PLD). Herein it is shown that the DOX-MMC combination was also synergistic in MDR EMT6/AR1 murine breast cancer cells and that their nanoparticle formulations were able to overcome the MDR phenotype. In contrast PLD exhibited little or no effect on the MDR cells. For the first time, these differences in in vitro efficacy are shown to be strongly correlated with cellular uptake and intracellular distribution of DOX brought about by DOX formulations (e.g., free solution, PLN vs PLD). To take into consideration the role of an intact immune system and tumor stroma in the response of host and tumor to chemotherapy, use was made of nonimmunocomprised mouse models to study the dose tolerance, cardiotoxicity, and efficacy of DOX-MMC coloaded PLN (DMsPLN) compared to PLD. DMsPLN treatment at 50 mg/m(2) DOX and 17 mg/m(2) of MMC singly or once every 4 days for 4 cycles were well tolerated by the mice without elevated systemic toxicity blood markers or myocardial damage. In contrast, PLD was limited to a single treatment due to significant total weight loss. The DMsPLN treatment delayed tumor growth up to 312% and 28% in EMT6/WT and EMT6/AR1 models, respectively. This work supports the translational value of DMsPLN for the aggressive management of either naïve or anthracycline-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Shuhendler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
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62
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Nanoscale particulate systems for multidrug delivery: towards improved combination chemotherapy. Ther Deliv 2014; 5:149-71. [PMID: 24483194 DOI: 10.4155/tde.13.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
While combination chemotherapy has led to measurable improvements in cancer treatment outcomes, its full potential remains to be realized. Nanoscale particles such as liposomes, nanoparticles and polymer micelles have been shown to increase delivery to the tumor site while bypassing many drug resistance mechanisms that limit the effectiveness of conventional therapies. Recent efforts in drug delivery have focused on coordinated, controlled delivery of multiple anticancer agents encapsulated within a single particle system. In this review, we analyze recent progress made in multidrug delivery in three main areas of interest: co-delivery of antineoplastic agents with drug sensitizers, sequential delivery via temporal release particles and simultaneous delivery of multiple agents. Future directions of the field, in light of recent advances with molecularly targeted agents, are suggested and discussed.
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63
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Shanmugam V, Chien YH, Cheng YS, Liu TY, Huang CC, Su CH, Chen YS, Kumar U, Hsu HF, Yeh CS. Oligonucleotides--assembled Au nanorod-assisted cancer photothermal ablation and combination chemotherapy with targeted dual-drug delivery of Doxorubicin and Cisplatin prodrug. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:4382-93. [PMID: 24559392 DOI: 10.1021/am5000905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
External stimuli responsive dual drugs carrier was synthesized with Au nanorods (NRs) as the platform. On Au NRs, single stranded DNAs were assembled using 5' thiol end. Following this, complementary DNA (cDNA) strands were hybridized. This hybridized double stranded DNA facilitated doxorubicin (Dox) intercalation into the duplexes. The cDNA designed with the 5' amine functional group assisted to tether platinum [Pt(IV)] prodrugs by establishing amide bond with the acid group at the axial ligand. The other axial acid group in Pt(IV) prodrugs was conjugated with the folic acid (FA) to target folate receptors overexpressed in the cancer cells. This targeting vehicle provided remote-controlled delivery of this high toxic cargo cocktail at the tumor site, ensuring extra specificity that can avoid acute toxicity, where release of Dox and Pt(IV) was achieved upon NIR 808 nm diode laser irradiation. The dehybridization set the Dox free to bind the cell nucleus and cellular reductants reduced Pt(IV) to yield toxic Pt(II), becoming an active drug. The in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that this external stimulus responsive combination drug delivery was significantly effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayakumar Shanmugam
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, and Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 701, Taiwan
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64
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Yin Q, Shen J, Zhang Z, Yu H, Li Y. Reversal of multidrug resistance by stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems for therapy of tumor. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1699-715. [PMID: 23611952 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle to successful cancer therapy, especially for chemotherapy. The new drug delivery system (DDS) provides promising approaches to reverse MDR, for which the poor cellular uptake and insufficient intracellular drug release remain rate-limiting steps for reaching the drug concentration level within the therapeutic window. Stimulus-coupled drug delivery can control the drug-releasing pattern temporally and spatially, and improve the accumulation of chemotherapeutic agents at targeting sites. In this review, the applications of DDS which is responsive to different types of stimuli in MDR cancer therapy is introduced, and the design, construction, stimuli-sensitivity and the effect to reverse MDR of the stimuli-responsive DDS are discussed.
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65
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Patel NR, Pattni BS, Abouzeid AH, Torchilin VP. Nanopreparations to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1748-62. [PMID: 23973912 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance is the most widely exploited phenomenon by which cancer eludes chemotherapy. Broad variety of factors, ranging from the cellular ones, such as over-expression of efflux transporters, defective apoptotic machineries, and altered molecular targets, to the physiological factors such as higher interstitial fluid pressure, low extracellular pH, and formation of irregular tumor vasculature are responsible for multidrug resistance. A combination of various undesirable factors associated with biological surroundings together with poor solubility and instability of many potential therapeutic small & large molecules within the biological systems and systemic toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents has necessitated the need for nano-preparations to optimize drug delivery. The physiology of solid tumors presents numerous challenges for successful therapy. However, it also offers unique opportunities for the use of nanotechnology. Nanoparticles, up to 400 nm in size, have shown great promise for carrying, protecting and delivering potential therapeutic molecules with diverse physiological properties. In this review, various factors responsible for the MDR and the use of nanotechnology to overcome the MDR, the use of spheroid culture as well as the current technique of producing microtumor tissues in vitro are discussed in detail.
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66
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Enhancing cell nucleus accumulation and DNA cleavage activity of anti-cancer drug via graphene quantum dots. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2852. [PMID: 24092333 PMCID: PMC3790198 DOI: 10.1038/srep02852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) maintain the intrinsic layered structural motif of graphene but with smaller lateral size and abundant periphery carboxylic groups, and are more compatible with biological system, thus are promising nanomaterials for therapeutic applications. Here we show that GQDs have a superb ability in drug delivery and anti-cancer activity boost without any pre-modification due to their unique structural properties. They could efficiently deliver doxorubicin (DOX) to the nucleus through DOX/GQD conjugates, because the conjugates assume different cellular and nuclear internalization pathways comparing to free DOX. Also, the conjugates could enhance DNA cleavage activity of DOX markedly. This enhancement combining with efficient nuclear delivery improved cytotoxicity of DOX dramatically. Furthermore, the DOX/GQD conjugates could also increase the nuclear uptake and cytotoxicity of DOX to drug-resistant cancer cells indicating that the conjugates may be capable to increase chemotherapy efficacy of anti-cancer drugs that are suboptimal due to the drug resistance.
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Kostková H, Etrych T, Říhová B, Kostka L, Starovoytová L, Kovář M, Ulbrich K. HPMA Copolymer Conjugates of DOX and Mitomycin C for Combination Therapy: Physicochemical Characterization, Cytotoxic Effects, Combination Index Analysis, and Anti-Tumor Efficacy. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:1648-60. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kostková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; v.v.i., Heyrovsky Sq. 2 162 06 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; v.v.i., Heyrovsky Sq. 2 162 06 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Říhová
- Institute of Microbiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; v.v.i, Vídeňská 1083 142 20 Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kostka
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; v.v.i., Heyrovsky Sq. 2 162 06 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Larisa Starovoytová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; v.v.i., Heyrovsky Sq. 2 162 06 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kovář
- Institute of Microbiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; v.v.i, Vídeňská 1083 142 20 Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Karel Ulbrich
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; v.v.i., Heyrovsky Sq. 2 162 06 Prague 6 Czech Republic
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Cui C, Xue YN, Wu M, Zhang Y, Yu P, Liu L, Zhuo RX, Huang SW. Poly(L
-aspartamide)-Based Reduction-Sensitive Micelles as Nanocarriers to Improve Doxorubicin Content in Cell Nuclei and to Enhance Antitumor Activity. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:1036-47. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Can Cui
- Department of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Ya-Nan Xue
- Department of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Ping Yu
- Department of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Ren-Xi Zhuo
- Department of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Shi-Wen Huang
- Department of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
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69
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Doxorubicin and mitomycin C co-loaded polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles inhibit growth of sensitive and multidrug resistant human mammary tumor xenografts. Cancer Lett 2013; 334:263-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Ma P, Mumper RJ. Anthracycline Nano-Delivery Systems to Overcome Multiple Drug Resistance: A Comprehensive Review. NANO TODAY 2013; 8:313-331. [PMID: 23888183 PMCID: PMC3718073 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin, and idarubicin) are very effective chemotherapeutic drugs to treat many cancers; however, the development of multiple drug resistance (MDR) is one of the major limitations for their clinical applications. Nano-delivery systems have emerged as the novel cancer therapeutics to overcome MDR. Up until now, many anthracycline nano-delivery systems have been developed and reported to effectively circumvent MDR both in-vitro and in-vivo, and some of these systems have even advanced to clinical trials, such as the HPMA-doxorubicin (HPMA-DOX) conjugate. Doxil, a DOX PEGylated liposome formulation, was developed and approved by FDA in 1995. Unfortunately, this formulation does not address the MDR problem. In this comprehensive review, more than ten types of developed anthracycline nano-delivery systems to overcome MDR and their proposed mechanisms are covered and discussed, including liposomes; polymeric micelles, conjugate and nanoparticles; peptide/protein conjugates; solid-lipid, magnetic, gold, silica, and cyclodextrin nanoparticles; and carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ma
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Russell J. Mumper
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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71
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Lee H, Park S, Kim JB, Kim J, Kim H. Entrapped doxorubicin nanoparticles for the treatment of metastatic anoikis-resistant cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2013; 332:110-9. [PMID: 23348696 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Metastasized and chemoresistant secondary breast cancer treatment commonly shows very low efficacy. A new efficient treatment method is required to overcome the limitation against the secondary breast cancer. In this study, anoikis-resistant breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 were developed as models of chemoresistant and metastatic breast cancer. Doxorubicin encapsulating human serum albumin nanoparticles (HSA+DOX NPs) were fabricated to confirm the benefits of nanoparticles at the treatment of anoikis-resistant breast cancer cells. The side population (SP) fraction in the anoikis-resistant cancer cells was higher than the parental cells. HSA+DOX NPs were more cytotoxic to anoikis-resistant cancer cells than free doxorubicin. The confocal microscope images demonstrated HSA+DOX NPs to deliver more doxorubicin into cells compared to the free doxorubicin by bypassing the drug efflux pump systems of anoikis-resistant cancer cells. In this study, a nanomedicine-based drug delivery carrier shows a potential in treating a metastasized and chemoresistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hohyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, #1 Shinsu-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea
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72
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73
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Gowda R, Jones NR, Banerjee S, Robertson GP. Use of Nanotechnology to Develop Multi-Drug Inhibitors For Cancer Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 4. [PMID: 25013742 PMCID: PMC4085796 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7439.1000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic agents that inhibit a single target often cannot combat a multifactorial disease such as cancer. Thus, multi-target inhibitors (MTIs) are needed to circumvent complications such as the development of resistance. There are two predominant types of MTIs, (a) single drug inhibitor (SDIs) that affect multiple pathways simultaneously, and (b) combinatorial agents or multi-drug inhibitors (MDIs) that inhibit multiple pathways. Single agent multi-target kinase inhibitors are amongst the most prominent class of compounds belonging to the former, whereas the latter includes many different classes of combinatorial agents that have been used to achieve synergistic efficacy against cancer. Safe delivery and accumulation at the tumor site is of paramount importance for MTIs because inhibition of multiple key signaling pathways has the potential to lead to systemic toxicity. For this reason, the development of drug delivery mechanisms using nanotechnology is preferable in order to ensure that the MDIs accumulate in the tumor vasculature, thereby increasing efficacy and minimizing off-target and systemic side effects. This review will discuss how nanotechnology can be used for the development of MTIs for cancer therapy and also it concludes with a discussion of the future of nanoparticle-based MTIs as well as the continuing obstacles being faced during the development of these unique agents.’
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA ; Penn State Hershey Melanoma Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA ; Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA ; The Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Nathan R Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Shubhadeep Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA ; Penn State Hershey Melanoma Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA ; Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Gavin P Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA ; Department of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA ; Department of Dermatology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA ; Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA ; Penn State Hershey Melanoma Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA ; Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA ; The Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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74
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pH-Dependent doxorubicin release from terpolymer of starch, polymethacrylic acid and polysorbate 80 nanoparticles for overcoming multi-drug resistance in human breast cancer cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 82:587-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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75
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Evaluation of new bi-functional terpolymeric nanoparticles for simultaneous in vivo optical imaging and chemotherapy of breast cancer. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2012; 2:437-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-012-0103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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76
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Shuhendler AJ, Prasad P, Leung M, Rauth AM, Dacosta RS, Wu XY. A novel solid lipid nanoparticle formulation for active targeting to tumor α(v) β(3) integrin receptors reveals cyclic RGD as a double-edged sword. Adv Healthc Mater 2012. [PMID: 23184795 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The overexpression of α(v) β(3) integrin receptors on tumor cells and tumor vascular endothelium makes it a useful target for imaging, chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapy. However integrin-targeted delivery of therapeutics by nanoparticles have provided only marginal, if any, enhancement of therapeutic effect. This work was thus focused on the development of novel α(v) β(3) -targeted near infrared light-emitting solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) through conjugation to the α(v) β(3) integrin-specific ligand cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp (cRGD), and the assessment of the effects of α(v) β(3) targeting on nanoparticle biodistribution. Since our previously developed non-targeted "stealth" SLN showed little hepatic accumulation, unlike most reported liposomes and micelles, they served as a reference for quantifying the effects of cRGD-conjugation on tumor uptake and whole animal biodistribution of SLN. Non-targeted SLN, actively targeted (RGD-SLN) and blocked RGD-SLN were prepared to contain near infrared quantum dots for live animal imaging. They were injected intravenously to nude mice bearing xenograft orthotopic human breast tumors or dorsal window chamber breast tumors. Tumor micropharmacokinetics of various SLN formulations were determined using intravital microscopy, and whole animal biodistribution was followed over time by optical imaging. The active tumor targeting with cRGD was found to be a "double-edged sword": while the specificity of RGD-SLN accumulation in tumor blood vessels and their tumor residence time increased, their distribution in the liver, spleen, and kidneys was significantly greater than the non-targeted SLN, leaving a smaller amount of nanoparticles in the tumor tissue. Nevertheless the enhanced specificity and retention of RGD-SLN in tumor neovasculature could make this novel formulation useful for tumor neovascular-specific therapies and imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Shuhendler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3M2
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77
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Wong HL, Wu XY, Bendayan R. Nanotechnological advances for the delivery of CNS therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:686-700. [PMID: 22100125 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Effective non-invasive treatment of neurological diseases is often limited by the poor access of therapeutic agents into the central nervous system (CNS). The majority of drugs and biotechnological agents do not readily permeate into brain parenchyma due to the presence of two anatomical and biochemical dynamic barriers: the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB). Therefore, one of the most significant challenges facing CNS drug development is the availability of effective brain targeting technology. Recent advances in nanotechnology have provided promising solutions to this challenge. Several nanocarriers ranging from the more established systems, e.g. polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles to the newer systems, e.g. dendrimers, nanogels, nanoemulsions and nanosuspensions have been studied for the delivery of CNS therapeutics. Many of these nanomedicines can be effectively transported across various in vitro and in vivo BBB models by endocytosis and/or transcytosis, and demonstrated early preclinical success for the management of CNS conditions such as brain tumors, HIV encephalopathy, Alzheimer's disease and acute ischemic stroke. Future development of CNS nanomedicines need to focus on increasing their drug-trafficking performance and specificity for brain tissue using novel targeting moieties, improving their BBB permeability and reducing their neurotoxicity.
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78
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Abdekhodaie MJ, Liu Z, Erhan SZ, Wu XY. Characterization of novel soybean-oil-based thermosensitive amphiphilic polymers for drug delivery applications. POLYM INT 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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79
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Cao Y, Wang B, Lou D, Wang Y, Hao S, Zhang L. Nanoscale delivery systems for multiple drug combinations in cancer. Future Oncol 2011; 7:1347-57. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.11.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although drug-delivery systems have been developed to improve drug biodistribution and efficiency in cancer therapy, some limitations still hinder successful drug targeting and delivery. Multiple drugs in combination seems a promising strategy for cancer therapy. It enables drugs to be delivered to multiple targets and exhibits the additive or synergistic effects of drugs. Physiological barriers are known to be the main obstacles of insufficient drug efficacy and delivery in tumors, but they are likely to be potential targets in combination therapy as well. This article discusses some general considerations for optimizing multiply drug delivery, including drug-release profiles and loading strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shazheng Street No.174. Shapingba, Chongqing 400030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bochu Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shazheng Street No.174. Shapingba, Chongqing 400030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deshuai Lou
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shazheng Street No.174. Shapingba, Chongqing 400030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shazheng Street No.174. Shapingba, Chongqing 400030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shilei Hao
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shazheng Street No.174. Shapingba, Chongqing 400030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shazheng Street No.174. Shapingba, Chongqing 400030, People’s Republic of China
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80
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Henderson EJ, Shuhendler AJ, Prasad P, Baumann V, Maier-Flaig F, Faulkner DO, Lemmer U, Wu XY, Ozin GA. Colloidally stable silicon nanocrystals with near-infrared photoluminescence for biological fluorescence imaging. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:2507-16. [PMID: 21739601 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201100845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent silicon nanocrystals (ncSi) are showing great promise as photoluminescent tags for biological fluorescence imaging, with size-dependent emission that can be tuned into the near-infrared biological window and reported lack of toxicity. Here, colloidally stable ncSi with NIR photoluminescence are synthesized from (HSiO1.5)n sol-gel glasses and are used in biological fluorescence imaging. Modifications to the thermal processing conditions of (HSiO1.5)n sol-gel glasses, the development of new ncSi oxide liberation chemistry, and an appropriate alkyl surface passivation scheme lead to the formation of colloidally stable ncSi with photoluminescence centered at 955 nm. Water solubility and biocompatibility are achieved through encapsulation of the hydrophobic alkyl-capped ncSi within PEG-terminated solid lipid nanoparticles. Their applicability to biological imaging is demonstrated with the in-vitro fluorescence labelling of human breast tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Henderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6
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81
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Vrignaud S, Anton N, Gayet P, Benoit JP, Saulnier P. Reverse micelle-loaded lipid nanocarriers: A novel drug delivery system for the sustained release of doxorubicin hydrochloride. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 79:197-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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82
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Shuhendler AJ, Prasad P, Chan HKC, Gordijo CR, Soroushian B, Kolios M, Yu K, O'Brien PJ, Rauth AM, Wu XY. Hybrid quantum dot-fatty ester stealth nanoparticles: toward clinically relevant in vivo optical imaging of deep tissue. ACS NANO 2011; 5:1958-1966. [PMID: 21338075 DOI: 10.1021/nn103024b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite broad applications of quantum dots (QDs) in vitro, severe toxicity and dominant liver uptake have limited their clinical application. QDs that excite and emit in the ultraviolet and visible regions have limited in vivo applicability due to significant optical interference exerted by biological fluids and tissues. Hence we devised a new biocompatible hybrid fluorophore composed of near-infrared-emitting PbSe quantum dots encapsulated in solid fatty ester nanoparticles (QD-FEN) for in vivo imaging. The quantum yield and tissue penetration depth of the QD-FEN were characterized, and their biological fate was examined in a breast tumor-bearing animal model. It was found for the first time that chemical modification of the headgroup of QD-encapsulating organic fatty acids was a must as these groups quenched the photoluminescence of PbSe nanocrystals. The use of fatty esters enhanced aqueous quantum yields of PbSe QDs up to ∼45%, which was 50% higher than that of water-soluble PbSe nanocrystals in an aqueous medium. As a result, a greater than previously reported tissue penetration depth of fluorescence was recorded at 710 nm/840 nm excitation/emission wavelengths. The QD-FEN had much lower short-term cytotoxicity compared to nonencapsulated water-soluble QDs. More importantly, reduced liver uptake, increased tumor retention, lack of toxic response, and nearly complete clearance of QD-FEN from the tested animals was demonstrated. With a combination of near-infrared spectral properties, enhanced optical properties,and significantly improved biosafety profile, this novel hybrid nanoparticulate fluorophore system demonstrably provides real-time, deep-tissue fluorescent imaging of live animals, laying a foundation for further development toward clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Shuhendler
- Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Hospital, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3M2
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83
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Zhang H, Wang G, Yang H. Drug delivery systems for differential release in combination therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2011; 8:171-90. [PMID: 21226651 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2011.547470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Combination therapy with multiple therapeutic agents has wide applicability in medical and surgical treatment, especially in the treatment of cancer. Thus, new drug delivery systems that can differentially release two or more drugs are desired. Utilizing new techniques to engineer the established drug delivery systems and synthesizing new materials and designing carriers with new structures are feasible ways to fabricate proper multi-agent delivery systems, which are critical to meet requirements in the clinic and improve therapeutic efficacy. AREAS COVERED This paper aims to give an overview about the multi-agent delivery systems developed in the last decade for differential release in combination therapy. Multi-agent delivery systems from nanoscale to bulk scale, such as liposomes, micelles, polymer conjugates, nano/microparticles and hydrogels, developed over the last 10 years, have been collected and summarized. The characteristics of different delivery systems are described and discussed, including the structure of drug carriers, drug-loading techniques, release behaviors and consequent evaluation in biological assays. EXPERT OPINION The chemical structure of drug delivery systems is the key to controlling the release of therapeutic agents in combination therapy, and the differential release of multiple drugs could be realized by the successful design of a proper delivery system. Besides biological evaluation in vitro and in vivo, it is important to speed up practical application of the resulting delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Zhang
- University of Science and Technology Beijing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing, PR China
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84
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Cytotoxicity and mechanism of action of a new ROS-generating microsphere formulation for circumventing multidrug resistance in breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009; 121:323-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-009-0473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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85
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