51
|
The -607C/A polymorphisms in interleukin-18 gene promoter contributes to cancer risk: evidence from a meta-analysis of 22 case-control studies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76915. [PMID: 24130810 PMCID: PMC3793906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several observational studies have investigated the association between -607 C/A polymorphism of IL-18 gene and cancer risk; however, the results were inconsistent. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimation of the association to help us better understand the relationship between -607 C/A polymorphism of IL-18 gene promoter and risk of cancer. METHODS A literature search was carried out using PubMed, EMBASE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database between January 1966 and February 2013. Fixed-effect and random-effect models were used to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS A total of 22 case-control studies including 4100 cancer cases and 4327 controls contributed to the analysis. Significant association between -607C/A polymorphism in IL-18 gene promoter and cancer risk was observed (CA vs CC:OR =1.221, 95% CI: 1.096, 1.360; P(heterogeneity)=0.219; AA/CA vs. CC:OR =1.203, 95% CI: 1.057, 1.369; P(heterogeneity)=0.064). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, -607C/A polymorphism significantly increased risk of cancer among Asian population (AA/CA vs. CC:OR =1.197, 95% CI: 1.023,1.401; P(heterogeneity)=0.088); however, no significant association was found in Caucasian or African population. The -607C/A polymorphism was associated with a significantly increased risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (CA vs CC:OR =1.330, 95% CI: 1.029,1.719; P(heterogeneity)=0.704; AA/CA vs. CC:OR =1.323, 95% CI: 1.037,1.687; P(heterogeneity)=0.823) and esophageal cancer (AA/CA vs. CC:OR =1.289, 95% CI: 1.002,1.658; P(heterogeneity)=0.700). CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis suggests that the -607C/A polymorphisms in IL-18 gene promoter is associated with a significantly increased risk of cancer, especially for nasopharyngeal carcinoma and esophageal cancer and in Asian population. More studies with larger sample size, well controlled confounding factors are warranted to validate this association.
Collapse
|
52
|
Valcárcel M, Carrascal T, Crende O, Vidal-Vanaclocha F. IL-18 regulates melanoma VLA-4 integrin activation through a Hierarchized sequence of inflammatory factors. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 134:470-480. [PMID: 23938462 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) is frequently overexpressed on melanoma cells contributing to inflammation-dependent metastasis. Melanoma cell adhesion to endothelium via VLA-4-vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) interaction was used to study VLA-4 activation during melanoma cell response to inflammation. Cooperation among major inflammatory mediators was analyzed in melanoma cells exposed to single inflammatory factors in the presence of inhibitors for other assayed mediators. A stepwise cascade of hierarchized molecules heterogeneously made and used during melanoma response to IL-18, induced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), in turn activating VLA-4 and melanoma cell adhesion to endothelium. The cascade involved prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production from melanoma induced by IL-18-dependent tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα); next, PGE2-induced IL-1β via vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion, which in turn induced VLA-4 activation via cyclooxygenase 2-dependent H2O2. This sequence operated in IL-18R/VLA-4/VEGF-expressing murine (B16) and human (A375 and 883) melanomas, but not in those without this phenotype. Separation of active VLA-4-expressing B16 melanoma cells through immobilized VCAM-1 verified their higher IL-18R/TNFR1/VEGFR2 expression and metastatic growth than inactive VLA-4-expressing cells. However, cooperation among melanoma cell sub-populations with heterogeneous cytokine receptor levels may occur through VLA-4-stimulating factors, leading to intratumoral amplification of metastatic potential. Therefore, expression of the VLA-4-stimulating factor sequence may help to predict melanoma prometastatic risk, and offers therapeutic targets for metastatic melanoma deactivation through VLA-4 activation blockade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Teresa Carrascal
- Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, Basque Country University School of Medicine and Dentistry, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Olatz Crende
- Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, Basque Country University School of Medicine and Dentistry, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Fernando Vidal-Vanaclocha
- CEU-San Pablo University and HM-Hospitals School of Medicine, Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Carbotti G, Barisione G, Orengo AM, Brizzolara A, Airoldi I, Bagnoli M, Pinciroli P, Mezzanzanica D, Centurioni MG, Fabbi M, Ferrini S. The IL-18 antagonist IL-18-binding protein is produced in the human ovarian cancer microenvironment. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:4611-20. [PMID: 23873689 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Interleukin (IL)-18 is an immune-enhancing cytokine, which induces IFN-γ production, T-helper 1 responses, and antitumor effects. In turn, IFN-γ stimulates IL-18-binding protein production, which blocks IL-18 activity. In view of the potential use of IL-18 in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) immunotherapy, here, we studied IL-18BP expression and its regulation by cytokines in EOC cells in vitro and in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Expression and production of IL-18BP in EOC cell lines, primary ovarian carcinomas, and the corresponding normal tissues, patients' serum, and ascites were investigated by immunochemistry, ELISA, screening of gene expression profiles, and reverse-transcription PCR. RESULTS Analysis of gene expression profiles revealed that IL18BP mRNA is increased in EOC tumors compared with normal ovary cells. Release of IL-18BP was detectable in EOC sera and to a greater extent in the ascites, indicating production at the tumor site. Indeed, immunochemical analyses on cells isolated from the ascites and on tumor sections indicated that IL-18BP is expressed in both tumor cells and tumor-associated leukocytes, which displayed a CD3-CD20-NKp46-CD13+CD14low phenotype. EOC cell lines do not constitutively express IL-18BP. However, its release is inducible both by IFN-γ stimulation in vitro and by xenotransplantation of EOC cells in immune-deficient mice, suggesting a role for the microenvironment. In vitro experiments and immunochemistry indicated that IL-27 is also involved in IL-18BP upregulation in EOC cell lines and primary cells through STAT1 activation. Together, these data indicate that IL-18BP, which is produced in EOC in response to microenvironmental factors, may inhibit endogenous or exogenous IL-18 activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Carbotti
- Department of Integrated Oncological Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
54
|
Metastatic Lesions with and without Interleukin-18–Dependent Genes in Advanced-Stage Melanoma Patients. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 183:69-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
55
|
Abstract
Active, but dysfunctional, immune responses in patients with cancer have been studied in several tumour types, but owing to the heterogeneity of cancer theories of common reaction mechanisms seem to be obsolete. In this Review of published clinical studies of patients with cancer, expression and interplay of the following cytokines are examined: interleukin 2, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, interleukin 10, interleukin 12, interleukin 18, tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), interferon-γ, HLA-DR, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). Clinical data were analysed in a non-quantitative descriptive manner and interpreted with regard to experimentally established physiological cytokine interactions. The clinical cytokine pattern that emerged suggests that simultaneous immunostimulation and immunosuppression occur in patients with cancer, with increased concentrations of the cytokines MIF, TNFα, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, interleukin 10, interleukin 18, and TGFβ. This specific cytokine pattern seems to have a prognostic effect, since high interleukin 6 or interleukin 10 serum concentrations are associated with negative prognoses in independent cancer types. Although immunostimulatory cytokines are involved in local cancer-associated inflammation, cancer cells seem to be protected from immunological eradication by cytokine-mediated local immunosuppression and a resulting defect of the interleukin 12-interferon-γ-HLA-DR axis. Cytokines produced by tumours might have a pivotal role in this defect. A working hypothesis is that the cancer-specific and histology-independent uniform cytokine cascade is one of the manifestations of the underlying paraneoplastic systemic disease, and this hypothesis links the stage of cancer with both the functional status of the immune system and the patient's prognosis. Neutralisation of this cytokine pattern could offer novel and so far unexploited treatment approaches for cancer.
Collapse
|
56
|
The -137G>C polymorphism in interleukin-18 promoter region and cancer risk: evidence from a meta-analysis of 21 studies. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:3483-90. [PMID: 23794112 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0926-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a key cytokine responsible for immune response and involved in the process of cancer development. The association of -137G>C polymorphism in the promoter region of IL-18 with cancer risk is still elusive based on current genetic association studies. We performed this meta-analysis to determine whether the -137G>C polymorphism is associated with cancer risk. A comprehensive search was conducted for databases of PubMed, EMBASE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the association strength. Publication bias was detected by Egger's and Begg's test. Twenty-one eligible studies including 3,498 cancer patients and 5,222 controls were identified and analyzed. In the overall analysis, no significant association between -137G>C polymorphism and cancer risk was observed. In the sub-group analyses of ethnicities, the -137G>C polymorphism significantly increased cancer risk in Asian population (GC/CC vs. GG: OR = 1.313, 95% CI = 1.053-1.638, heterogeneity P < 0.001) but not in Caucasian population. Further stratified analyses showed that the variant -137C allele was significantly associated with increased risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (C vs. G: OR = 1.484, 95% CI = 1.193-1.847, heterogeneity P = 0.213). No publication bias was detected. We provide evidence that the -137G>C polymorphism in IL-18 promoter region significantly increases cancer risk in Asian population but not in Caucasian population, and the variant -137C allele is associated with increased risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Collapse
|
57
|
Ascierto PA, Grimaldi AM, Acquavella N, Borgognoni L, Calabrò L, Cascinelli N, Cesano A, Del Vecchio M, Eggermont AM, Faries M, Ferrone S, Fox BA, Gajewski TF, Galon J, Gnjatic S, Gogas H, Kashani-Sabet M, Kaufman HL, Larkin J, Lo RS, Mantovani A, Margolin K, Melief C, McArthur G, Palmieri G, Puzanov I, Ribas A, Seliger B, Sosman J, Suenaert P, Tarhini AA, Trinchieri G, Vidal-Vanaclocha F, Wang E, Ciliberto G, Mozzillo N, Marincola FM, Thurin M. Future perspectives in melanoma research. Meeting report from the "Melanoma Bridge. Napoli, December 2nd-4th 2012". J Transl Med 2013; 11:137. [PMID: 23731854 PMCID: PMC3681569 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent insights into the genetic and somatic aberrations have initiated a new era of rapidly evolving targeted and immune-based treatments for melanoma. After decades of unsuccessful attempts to finding a more effective cure in the treatment of melanoma now we have several drugs active in melanoma. The possibility to use these drugs in combination to improve responses to overcome the resistance, to potentiate the action of immune system with the new immunomodulating antibodies, and identification of biomarkers that can predict the response to a particular therapy represent new concepts and approaches in the clinical management of melanoma. The third "Melanoma Research: "A bridge from Naples to the World" meeting, shortened as "Bridge Melanoma Meeting" took place in Naples, December 2 to 4th, 2012. The four topics of discussion at this meeting were: advances in molecular profiling and novel biomarkers, combination therapies, novel concepts toward integrating biomarkers and therapies into contemporary clinical management of patients with melanoma across the entire spectrum of disease stage, and the knowledge gained from the biology of tumor microenvironment across different tumors as a bridge to impact on prognosis and response to therapy in melanoma. This international congress gathered more than 30 international faculty members who in an interactive atmosphere which stimulated discussion and exchange of their experience regarding the most recent advances in research and clinical management of melanoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo A Ascierto
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Nicolas Acquavella
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Lorenzo Borgognoni
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Regional Melanoma Refferral Center – S.M. Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Luana Calabrò
- Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, University Hospital of Siena, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - Michele Del Vecchio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mark Faries
- John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard A Fox
- Laboratory of Molecular and Tumor Immunology, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, U872, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Paris F-75006, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Helen Gogas
- 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mohammed Kashani-Sabet
- Center for Melanoma Research and Treatment, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Roger S Lo
- Dermatology/Medicine, UCLA Geffen School of Medicine and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Kim Margolin
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cornelis Melief
- Leiden University Medical Center and ISA Pharmaceuticals, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Grant McArthur
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Palmieri
- Unit of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Sassari, Italy
| | - Igor Puzanov
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Tumor Immunology Program, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (JCCC), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jeff Sosman
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Peter Suenaert
- Global Early Clinical Development, Clinical Immunotherapeutics, Immunotherapeutics, GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rixensart, Belgium
| | - Ahmad A Tarhini
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Fernando Vidal-Vanaclocha
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), CEU-San Pablo University and HM-Hospitals School of Medicine, Boadilla del Monte, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ena Wang
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Center for Human Immunology (CHI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Nicola Mozzillo
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
58
|
Interleukin-18 is up-regulated in infectious pleural effusions. Cytokine 2013; 63:166-71. [PMID: 23660216 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the pleural and systemic expression of interleukin-18 (IL-18) in patients with pleural effusions (PEs), and the effects of the cytokine in mouse pleural space. One hundred and sixty patients, 23 with pleural effusions (PEs) due to heart failure, 60 malignant, 25 parapneumonic/empyemas, 15 tuberculous and 37 with exudates of miscellaneous etiologies were included in the study. Pleural fluid (PF) and serum IL-18 content was determined using ELISA. IL-18 was injected intrapleurally in mice and pleural inflammation was assessed using pleural lavage. The highest PF IL-18 levels were observed in parapneumonic PEs and the lowest PF IL-18 levels in patients with exudates of miscellaneous aetiologies and transudates. PF IL-18 levels were significantly higher in patients with empyemas compared to those with uncomplicated (p=0.009) or complicated (p=0.028) parapneumonic effusions, while serum levels did not differ significantly among the three groups. Pleural IL-18 content was higher than that of blood only in patients with empyemas. In patients with pleural exudates of all etiologies and in those with parapneumonic PEs/empyema, PF IL-18 levels were correlated with markers of acute pleural inflammation such as the percentage of PF neutrophils, PF LDH and PF/serum LDH ratio, low PF glucose and PF/serum glucose ratio and low PF pH. In mice, intrapleural IL-18 caused neutrophil-predominant pleural inflammation. In conclusion, IL-18 is linked to the intensity of neutrophilic pleural inflammation in patients with PEs, it is up-regulated in the pleural space of patients with empyema and it stimulates the accumulation of neutrophils in mouse pleura.
Collapse
|
59
|
Ramirez-Garcia A, Arteta B, Abad-Diaz-de-Cerio A, Pellon A, Antoran A, Marquez J, Rementeria A, Hernando FL. Candida albicans increases tumor cell adhesion to endothelial cells in vitro: intraspecific differences and importance of the mannose receptor. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53584. [PMID: 23301091 PMCID: PMC3534674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The dimorphic fungus Candida albicans is able to trigger a cytokine-mediated pro-inflammatory response that increases tumor cell adhesion to hepatic endothelium and metastasis. To check the intraspecific differences in this effect, we used an in vitro murine model of hepatic response against C. albicans, which made clear that tumor cells adhered more to endothelium incubated with blastoconidia, both live and killed, than germ tubes. This finding was related to the higher carbohydrate/protein ratio found in blastoconidia. In fact, destruction of mannose ligand residues on the cell surface by metaperiodate treatment significantly reduced tumor cell adhesion induced. Moreover, we also noticed that the effect of clinical strains was greater than that of the reference one. This finding could not be explained by the carbohydrate/protein data, but to explain these differences between strains, we analyzed the expression level of ten genes (ADH1, APE3, IDH2, ENO1, FBA1, ILV5, PDI1, PGK1, QCR2 and TUF1) that code for the proteins identified previously in a mannoprotein-enriched pro-metastatic fraction of C. albicans. The results corroborated that their expression was higher in clinical strains than the reference one. To confirm the importance of the mannoprotein fraction, we also demonstrate that blocking the mannose receptor decreases the effect of C. albicans and its mannoproteins, inhibiting IL-18 synthesis and tumor cell adhesion increase by around 60%. These findings could be the first step towards a new treatment for solid organ cancers based on the role of the mannose receptor in C. albicans-induced tumor progression and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andoni Ramirez-Garcia
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
60
|
Naumnik W, Naumnik B, Niewiarowska K, Ossolinska M, Chyczewska E. Angiogenic axis angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2/Tie-2 in non-small cell lung cancer: a bronchoalveolar lavage and serum study. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 788:341-8. [PMID: 23835996 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6627-3_46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), ligands for the Tie-2 receptor expressed on endothelial cells, play a critical role in angiogenesis, in concert with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Angiogenesis is important for tumor growth and development and also is implicated in the pathogenesis of interstitial lung diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration of Ang-1, Ang-2, Tie-2, interleukin-18 (IL-18), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF β1), and VEGF domain in both serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of lung cancer patients before chemotherapy. We studied 45 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (M/F; 38/7; mean age 62 ± 4 years). The age-matched control groups consisted of 15 sarcoidosis (BBS), 15 hypersensivity pneumonitis (HP), and 15 healthy subjects. The patients with NSCLC had a significantly higher level of Ang-1 compared with the BBS and healthy subjects, and a higher level of Ang-2 compared with the healthy subjects in both serum and BALF. BALF level of IL-18 was lower in the NSCLC than that in the HP group, but higher than that in the BBS patients. Serum level of IL-18 was higher in the NSCLC than in the healthy subjects. The NSCLC group had lower VEGF in BALF than that in healthy subjects. Receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curves were applied to find the cut-off the serum levels of Ang-1 and Ang-2 levels in BALF. We did not find any correlation between the levels of Ang-1, Ang-2, Tie-2, and the stage of tumor or treatment response (prospectively). We conclude that the angiogenic axis Ang-1 and Ang-2/Tie-2 may play an important role in lung cancer development and their concentrations may be a useful marker at the time of initial diagnosis of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Naumnik
- Department of Lung Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, 14 Zurawia St, 15-540, Bialystok, Poland,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
61
|
Nasti TH, Timares L. Inflammasome activation of IL-1 family mediators in response to cutaneous photodamage. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 88:1111-25. [PMID: 22631445 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01182.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although keratinocytes are relatively resistant to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) induced damage, repeated UVR exposure result in accumulated DNA mutations that can lead to epidermal malignancies. Keratinocytes play a central role in elaborating innate responses that lead to inflammation and influence the generation of adaptive immune responses in skin. Apart from the minor cellular constituents of the epidermis, specifically Langerhans cells and melanocytes, keratinocytes are the major source of cytokines. UVR exposure stimulates keratinocytes to secrete abundant pro-inflammatory IL-1-family proteins, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-33. Normal skin contains only low levels of inactive precursor forms of IL-1β and IL-18, which require caspase 1-mediated proteolysis for their maturation and secretion. However, caspase-1 activation is not constitutive, but dependents on the UV-induced formation of an active inflammasome complex. IL-1 family cytokines can induce a secondary cascade of mediators and cytokines from keratinocytes and other cells resulting in wide range of innate processes including infiltration of inflammatory leukocytes, induction of immunosuppression, DNA repair or apoptosis. Thus, the ability of keratinocytes to produce a wide repertoire of proinflammatory cytokines can influence the immune response locally as well as systematically, and alter the host response to photodamaged cells. We will highlight differential roles played by each IL-1 family molecule generated by UV-damaged keratinocytes, and reveal their complementary influences in modulating acute inflammatory and immunological events that follow cutaneous UV exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahseen H Nasti
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
62
|
Do D, Ong C, Khoo Y, Carbone A, Lim C, Wang S, Mukhopadhyay A, Cao X, Cho D, Wei X, Bellone G, Lim I, Phan T. Interleukin-18 system plays an important role in keloid pathogenesis via epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Br J Dermatol 2012; 166:1275-88. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10721.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
63
|
Abstract
Increasing evidence from epidemiological, preclinical and clinical studies suggests that dysregulated inflammatory response plays a pivotal role in a multitude of chronic ailments including cancer. The molecular mechanism(s) by which chronic inflammation drives cancer initiation and promotion include increased production of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen intermediates, increased expression of oncogenes, COX-2 (cyclo-oxygenase-2), 5-LOX (5-lipoxygenase) and MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases), and pro-inflammatory transcription factors such as NF-κB (nuclear factor κB), STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), AP-1 (activator protein 1) and HIF-1α (hypoxia-inducible factor 1α) that mediate tumour cell proliferation, transformation, metastasis, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, chemoresistance and radioresistance. These inflammation-associated molecules are activated by a number of environmental and lifestyle-related factors including infectious agents, tobacco, stress, diet, obesity and alcohol, which together are thought to drive as much as 90% of all cancers. The present review will focus primarily on the role of various inflammatory intermediates responsible for tumour initiation and progression, and discuss in detail the critical link between inflammation and cancer.
Collapse
|
64
|
Kuschel A, Simon P, Tug S. Functional regulation of HIF-1α under normoxia--is there more than post-translational regulation? J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:514-24. [PMID: 21503885 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is an oxygen-regulated transcriptional activator playing a pivotal role in mammalian physiology and disease pathogenesis, e.g., HIF-1 is indispensable in a broad range of developmental stages in different tumors. Its post-translational regulation via PHDs under the influence of hypoxia is widely investigated and accepted. Different non-hypoxic stimuli such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), thrombin, and angiotensin II (Ang II), have been proven to enhance HIF-1 levels through activation of regulative mechanisms distinct from protein stabilization. Some of these stimuli specifically regulate HIF-1α at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, or translational level, whereas others additionally influence post-translational modifications. Thus, it is difficult for the investigators to discern the impact of the different mechanisms leading to functional HIF-1 protein. Nevertheless, profound knowledge of additional regulatory networks appears to depict new therapeutic opportunities and thus is an interesting and important field for further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kuschel
- Department of Sports Medicine, Rehabilitation and Disease Prevention, Johannes-Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
65
|
Yao L, Zhang Y, Chen K, Hu X, Xu LX. Discovery of IL-18 as a novel secreted protein contributing to doxorubicin resistance by comparative secretome analysis of MCF-7 and MCF-7/Dox. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24684. [PMID: 21931812 PMCID: PMC3169632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance to chemotherapy is the major cause of failure in breast cancer treatment. Recent studies suggest that secreted proteins may play important roles in chemoresistance. We sought to systematically characterize secreted proteins associated with drug resistance, which may represent potential serum biomarkers or novel drug targets. Methodology/Principal Findings In the present work, we adopted the proteomic strategy of one-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to compare the secretome of MCF-7 and doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7/Dox. A total of 2,084 proteins were identified with at least two unique peptides in the conditioned media of two cell lines. By quantification with label-free spectral counting, 89 differentially expressed secreted proteins (DESPs) between the two cell lines were found. Among them, 57 DESPs were first found to be related to doxorubicin resistance in this work, including 24 extracellular matrix related proteins, 2 cytokines and 31 unclassified proteins. We focused on 13 novel DESPs with confirmed roles in tumor metastasis. Among them, the elevated expression of IL-18 in doxorubicin-resistant cell lines and breast tumor tissues was validated and its role in doxorubicin resistance was further confirmed by cell viability experiments in the presence or absence of this protein. Conclusions/Significance Comparative analysis of the secretome of MCF-7 and MCF-7/Dox identified novel secreted proteins related to chemotherapy resistance. IL-18 was further validated to contribute to doxorubicin resistance, in addition to its confirmed role in breast cancer metastasis. Due to its dual roles in both drug resistance and tumor metastasis, IL-18 may represent a useful drug target for breast cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yao
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Keying Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofang Hu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (XH); (LXX)
| | - Lisa X. Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (XH); (LXX)
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Zhang Y, Li Y, Ma Y, Liu S, She Y, Zhao P, Jing M, Han T, Yan C, Wu Z, Gao J, Ye L. Dual effects of interleukin-18: inhibiting hepatitis B virus replication in HepG2.2.15 cells and promoting hepatoma cells metastasis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2011; 301:G565-73. [PMID: 21719740 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00058.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) has been reported to inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in the liver of HBV transgenic mice; however, the molecular mechanism of its antiviral effect has not been fully understood. In the present study, it was shown that IL-18 and its receptors (IL-18R) were constitutively expressed in hepatoma cell lines HepG2 and HepG2.2.15 as well as normal liver cell line HL-7702. We demonstrated that IL-18 directly inhibited HBV replication in HepG2.2.15 cells via downregulating the activities of HBV core and X gene promoters. The suppressed HBV replication by IL-18 could be rescued by the administration of BAY11-7082, an inhibitor of transcription factor NF-κB. On the other hand, it was of interest that IL-18 promoted HepG2 cell metastasis and migration dose dependently in both wound-healing assays and Transwell assays. The underlying mechanism could be partially attributable to the increased activities of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, MMP-3, and MMP-2 by IL-18, which upregulated the mRNA levels of MMP-3 and MMP-9 in a NF-κB-dependent manner. Furthermore, it was confirmed that expression of IL-18/IL-18R and most MMPs were remarkably upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) liver cancer tissue specimens, suggesting that IL-18/IL-18R-triggered signaling pathway was closely related to HCC metastasis in vivo. Therefore, we revealed the dual effects of IL-18 in human hepatocytes: it not only inhibited HBV replication but also promoted hepatoma cells metastasis and migration. NF-κB played a critical role in both effects. Our work contributed to a deeper understanding of the biological function of IL-18 in human hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Terme M, Ullrich E, Aymeric L, Meinhardt K, Desbois M, Delahaye N, Viaud S, Ryffel B, Yagita H, Kaplanski G, Prévost-Blondel A, Kato M, Schultze JL, Tartour E, Kroemer G, Chaput N, Zitvogel L. IL-18 induces PD-1-dependent immunosuppression in cancer. Cancer Res 2011; 71:5393-9. [PMID: 21724589 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-0993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive cytokines subvert innate and adaptive immune responses during cancer progression. The inflammatory cytokine interleukin-18 (IL-18) is known to accumulate in cancer patients, but its pathophysiological role remains unclear. In this study, we show that low levels of circulating IL-18, either exogenous or tumor derived, act to suppress the NK cell arm of tumor immunosurveillance. IL-18 produced by tumor cells promotes the development of NK-controlled metastases in a PD-1-dependent manner. Accordingly, PD-1 is expressed by activated mature NK cells in lymphoid organs of tumor bearers and is upregulated by IL-18. RNAi-mediated knockdown of IL-18 in tumors, or its systemic depletion by IL-18-binding protein, are sufficient to stimulate NK cell-dependent immunosurveillance in various tumor models. Together, these results define IL-18 as an immunosuppressive cytokine in cancer. Our findings suggest novel clinical implementations of anti-PD-1 antibodies in human malignancies that produce IL-18.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magali Terme
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
68
|
VEGF and IL-18 in induced sputum of lung cancer patients. Cytokine 2011; 54:277-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
69
|
Resveratrol prevents inflammation-dependent hepatic melanoma metastasis by inhibiting the secretion and effects of interleukin-18. J Transl Med 2011; 9:59. [PMID: 21569399 PMCID: PMC3112440 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implantation and growth of metastatic cancer cells at distant organs is promoted by inflammation-dependent mechanisms. A hepatic melanoma metastasis model where a majority of metastases are generated via interleukin-18-dependent mechanisms was used to test whether anti-inflammatory properties of resveratrol can interfere with mechanisms of metastasis. METHODS Two experimental treatment schedules were used: 1) Mice received one daily oral dose of 1 mg/kg resveratrol after cancer cell injection and the metastasis number and volume were determined on day 12. 2) Mice received one daily oral dose of 1 mg/kg resveratrol along the 5 days prior to the injection of cancer cells and both interleukin-18 (IL-18) concentration in the hepatic blood and microvascular retention of luciferase-transfected B16M cells were determined on the 18th hour. In vitro, primary cultured hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells were treated with B16M-conditioned medium to mimic their in vivo activation by tumor-derived factors and the effect of resveratrol on IL-18 secretion, on vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression and on tumor cell adhesion were studied. The effect of resveratrol on melanoma cell activation by IL-18 was also studied. RESULTS Resveratrol remarkably inhibited hepatic retention and metastatic growth of melanoma cells by 50% and 75%, respectively. The mechanism involved IL-18 blockade at three levels: First, resveratrol prevented IL-18 augmentation in the blood of melanoma cell-infiltrated livers. Second, resveratrol inhibited IL-18-dependent expression of VCAM-1 by tumor-activated hepatic sinusoidal endothelium, preventing melanoma cell adhesion to the microvasculature. Third, resveratrol inhibited adhesion- and proliferation-stimulating effects of IL-18 on metastatic melanoma cells through hydrogen peroxide-dependent nuclear factor-kappaB translocation blockade on these cells. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate multiple sites for therapeutic intervention using resveratrol within the prometastatic microenvironment generated by tumor-induced hepatic IL-18, and suggest a remarkable effect of resveratrol in the prevention of inflammation-dependent melanoma metastasis in the liver.
Collapse
|
70
|
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer whose worldwide incidence is rising faster than any other cancer. Few treatment options are available to patients with metastatic disease, and standard chemotherapeutic agents are generally ineffective. Cytokines such as IFN-α or IL-2 can promote immune recognition of melanoma, occasionally inducing dramatic and durable clinical responses. Here, we discuss several immunomodulatory agents, the safety of which are being evaluated in clinical trials. Challenges include an incomplete understanding of signaling pathways, appropriate clinical dose and route, and systemic immunosuppression in advanced melanoma patients. We consider how targeted cytokine therapy will integrate into the clinical arena, as well as the low likelihood of success of single cytokine therapies. Evidence supports a synergy between cytokine immunotherapy and other therapeutic approaches in melanoma, and strengthening this area of research will improve our understanding of how to use cytokine therapy better.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Nicholas
- The Ohio State University, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gregory B Lesinski
- The Ohio State University, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Quigley DA, To MD, Kim IJ, Lin KK, Albertson DG, Sjolund J, Pérez-Losada J, Balmain A. Network analysis of skin tumor progression identifies a rewired genetic architecture affecting inflammation and tumor susceptibility. Genome Biol 2011; 12:R5. [PMID: 21244661 PMCID: PMC3091303 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2011-12-1-r5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline polymorphisms can influence gene expression networks in normal mammalian tissues and can affect disease susceptibility. We and others have shown that analysis of this genetic architecture can identify single genes and whole pathways that influence complex traits, including inflammation and cancer susceptibility. Whether germline variants affect gene expression in tumors that have undergone somatic alterations, and the extent to which these variants influence tumor progression, is unknown. RESULTS Using an integrated linkage and genomic analysis of a mouse model of skin cancer that produces both benign tumors and malignant carcinomas, we document major changes in germline control of gene expression during skin tumor development resulting from cell selection, somatic genetic events, and changes in the tumor microenvironment. The number of significant expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) is progressively reduced in benign and malignant skin tumors when compared to normal skin. However, novel tumor-specific eQTL are detected for several genes associated with tumor susceptibility, including IL18 (Il18), Granzyme E (Gzme), Sprouty homolog 2 (Spry2), and Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (Map2k4). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the genetic architecture is substantially altered in tumors, and that eQTL analysis of tumors can identify host factors that influence the tumor microenvironment, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling, and cancer susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Quigley
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
72
|
Orengo AM, Fabbi M, Miglietta L, Andreani C, Bruzzone M, Puppo A, Cristoforoni P, Centurioni MG, Gualco M, Salvi S, Boccardo S, Truini M, Piazza T, Canevari S, Mezzanzanica D, Ferrini S. Interleukin (IL)-18, a biomarker of human ovarian carcinoma, is predominantly released as biologically inactive precursor. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:1116-25. [PMID: 21710494 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18 is a proinflammatory and immune-enhancing cytokine, which exerts antitumor effects in vivo, mediated by the induction of interferon (IFN)γ. We previously reported that IL-18 processing is defective in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) cells, which secrete an inactive precursor (pro-IL-18) in vitro. In addition, IL-18 was reported as a potential biomarker of EOC. Here, we further investigated its role as a serological marker in human EOC and addressed its possible biological activity in vivo. Our data indicate that immunoreactive IL-18 is increased in EOC patients' sera at diagnosis as compared with age-matched healthy women. IL-18 levels were higher in the ascitic fluids than in sera, suggesting a local production in the peritoneal cavity. Indeed, immunohistochemical analysis of tumors showed IL-18 expression in cytokeratine-positive neoplastic cells, although also scattered histiocytes and some lymphoid cells stained for IL-18. The detection of human IL-18 in sera and ascitic fluids of immunodeficient mice, orthotopically implanted with human EOC cells, further suggested that circulating IL-18 is tumor-derived. However, IL-18 is not an EOC specific biomarker, as increased serum levels were found also in some endometrial cancer patients. By means of a new monoclonal antibody, we characterized IL-18 present in the ascitic fluid as pro-IL-18, which is biologically inactive. Accordingly, IFNγ was not increased in EOC patients' sera and ascitic fluids and showed no correlation with IL-18 levels. Altogether these data indicate that IL-18 in EOC fluids is predominantly tumor-derived and that its lack of biological activity may represent a mechanism of tumor-escape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Orengo
- Department of Translational Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
73
|
The Tumor Microenvironment at Different Stages of Hepatic Metastasis. LIVER METASTASIS: BIOLOGY AND CLINICAL MANAGEMENT 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-0292-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
74
|
Nguyen GH, Schetter AJ, Chou DB, Bowman ED, Zhao R, Hawkes JE, Mathé EA, Kumamoto K, Zhao Y, Budhu A, Hagiwara N, Wang XW, Miyashita M, Casson AG, Harris CC. Inflammatory and microRNA gene expression as prognostic classifier of Barrett's-associated esophageal adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:5824-34. [PMID: 20947516 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-1110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Esophageal cancer is one of the most aggressive and deadly forms of cancer; highlighting the need to identify biomarkers for early detection and prognostic classification. Our recent studies have identified inflammatory gene and microRNA signatures derived from tumor and nontumor tissues as prognostic biomarkers of hepatocellular, lung, and colorectal adenocarcinoma. Here, we examine the relationship between expression of these inflammatory genes and micro RNA (miRNA) expression in esophageal adenocarcinoma and patient survival. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We measured the expression of 23 inflammation-associated genes in tumors and adjacent normal tissues from 93 patients (58 Barrett's and 35 Sporadic adenocarcinomas) by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. These data were used to build an inflammatory risk model, based on multivariate Cox regression, to predict survival in a training cohort (n = 47). We then determined whether this model could predict survival in a cohort of 46 patients. Expression data for miRNA-375 were available for these patients and was combined with inflammatory gene expression. RESULTS IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-8, IL-21, IL-23, and proteoglycan expression in tumor and nontumor samples were each associated with poor prognosis based on Cox regression [(Z-score)>1.5] and therefore were used to generate an inflammatory risk score (IRS). Patients with a high IRS had poor prognosis compared with those with a low IRS in the training (P = 0.002) and test (P = 0.012) cohorts. This association was stronger in the group with Barrett's history. When combining with miRNA-375, the combined IRS/miR signature was an improved prognostic classifier than either one alone. CONCLUSION Transcriptional profiling of inflammation-associated genes and miRNA expression in resected esophageal Barrett's-associated adenocarcinoma tissues may have clinical utility as predictors of prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giang Huong Nguyen
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
75
|
Hartford M, Wiklund O, Hultén LM, Persson A, Karlsson T, Herlitz J, Hulthe J, Caidahl K. Interleukin-18 as a Predictor of Future Events in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:2039-46. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.202697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
The aim of this study was to assess the short- and long-term prognostic significance of interleukin-18 (IL-18) levels in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS).
Methods and Results—
In patients hospitalized with ACS (median age, 66 years; 30% females), we evaluated associations of serum IL-18 levels from day 1 (n=1261) with the short- (<3 months) and long-term (median, 7.6 years) risk of death, development of congestive heart failure (CHF), and myocardial infarction (MI). IL-18 was not significantly associated with short-term mortality. In the long term, IL-18 levels were significantly related to all-cause mortality, even after adjustment for clinical confounders (hazard ratio [HR], 1.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 1.33;
P
=0.002). Long-term, cardiovascular mortality was univariately related to IL-18, and the adjusted relation between noncardiovascular mortality and IL-18 was highly significant (HR, 1.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 1.67;
P
=0.003). IL-18 independently predicted CHF, MI, and cardiovascular death/CHF/MI in both the short and long term. Measurements from day 1 of ACS and 3 months after ACS had a similar power to predict late outcome.
Conclusion—
The addition of the measurement of IL-18 to clinical variables improved the prediction of risk of all-cause and noncardiovascular mortality. The association between IL-18 and noncardiovascular mortality is intriguing and warrants further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Hartford
- From the Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.H., A.P.T.K., J. Herlitz, K.C.), Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research (O.W., L.M.H., J. Hulthe), and Department of Clinical Physiology (A.P., K.C.), Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden (J. Hulthe); and the Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.C.)
| | - Olov Wiklund
- From the Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.H., A.P.T.K., J. Herlitz, K.C.), Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research (O.W., L.M.H., J. Hulthe), and Department of Clinical Physiology (A.P., K.C.), Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden (J. Hulthe); and the Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.C.)
| | - Lillemor Mattsson Hultén
- From the Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.H., A.P.T.K., J. Herlitz, K.C.), Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research (O.W., L.M.H., J. Hulthe), and Department of Clinical Physiology (A.P., K.C.), Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden (J. Hulthe); and the Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.C.)
| | - Anita Persson
- From the Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.H., A.P.T.K., J. Herlitz, K.C.), Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research (O.W., L.M.H., J. Hulthe), and Department of Clinical Physiology (A.P., K.C.), Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden (J. Hulthe); and the Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.C.)
| | - Thomas Karlsson
- From the Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.H., A.P.T.K., J. Herlitz, K.C.), Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research (O.W., L.M.H., J. Hulthe), and Department of Clinical Physiology (A.P., K.C.), Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden (J. Hulthe); and the Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.C.)
| | - Johan Herlitz
- From the Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.H., A.P.T.K., J. Herlitz, K.C.), Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research (O.W., L.M.H., J. Hulthe), and Department of Clinical Physiology (A.P., K.C.), Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden (J. Hulthe); and the Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.C.)
| | - Johannes Hulthe
- From the Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.H., A.P.T.K., J. Herlitz, K.C.), Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research (O.W., L.M.H., J. Hulthe), and Department of Clinical Physiology (A.P., K.C.), Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden (J. Hulthe); and the Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.C.)
| | - Kenneth Caidahl
- From the Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine (M.H., A.P.T.K., J. Herlitz, K.C.), Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research (O.W., L.M.H., J. Hulthe), and Department of Clinical Physiology (A.P., K.C.), Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden (J. Hulthe); and the Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (K.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Mojtahedi Z, Khademi B, Hashemi SB, Abtahi SMB, Ghasemi MA, Fattahi MJ, Ghaderi A. Serum interleukine-6 concentration, but not interleukine-18, is associated with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progression. Pathol Oncol Res 2010; 17:7-10. [PMID: 20340055 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-010-9261-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation has been linked to various steps in tumorigenesis. Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-18 are two inflammatory cytokines whose serum concentrations are elevated in several types of cancer, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in some studies. This study was designed to analyze the serum concentrations of these cytokines in Iranian HNSCC patients. Serum IL-6 and IL-18 concentrations were assayed by ELISA commercial kits in 65 untreated patients and 20 healthy volunteers. Serum IL-6 concentration was significantly increased in patients compared to healthy individuals (p < 0.000). IL-6 concentration increased as the tumor stage progressed, and a significant difference appeared between stage IV vs. stage I/II/III (p = 0.03) disease. Although serum IL-18 concentration was higher in patients than in healthy individuals, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.06). Moreover, there was no association between serum IL-18 concentration and tumor stage (p = 0.47). A significant difference was observed in serum IL-18 concentration according to the gender with higher IL-18 concentration in male patients (p = 0.01). In conclusion, serum concentration of IL-6 might correlate with the stage of tumor progression in Iranian HNSCC patients. Further studies with larger numbers of patients are required to exclude the possible minor correlation of serum IL-18 concentration with tumor stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mojtahedi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, PO BOX 71345-3119, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
77
|
Sáenz-López P, Carretero R, Vazquez F, Martin J, Sánchez E, Tallada M, Garrido F, Cózar JM, Ruiz-Cabello F. Impact of interleukin-18 polymorphisms-607 and -137 on clinical characteristics of renal cell carcinoma patients. Hum Immunol 2010; 71:309-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
78
|
Farjadfar A, Mojtahedi Z, Ghayumi MA, Erfani N, Haghshenas MR, Ghaderi A. Interleukin-18 promoter polymorphism is associated with lung cancer: a case-control study. Acta Oncol 2010; 48:971-6. [PMID: 19642044 DOI: 10.1080/02841860902878145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a multifunctional cytokine that augments IFN-gamma production and affects tumor immune response. In the present case-control study, we tested whether IL-18 promoter polymorphism contributes to lung cancer susceptibility in Iranian patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study groups were 73 patients with lung cancer, including 53 with squamous carcinoma (SC) and 20 with small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), and 97 healthy regional aged-matched individuals. The frequency of IL-18 promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at positions -656 (G/T), -607 (C/A), and -137 (G/C) was determined by polymerase chain reaction analyses. RESULTS There were significant differences in the IL-18 -607 allele and genotype distributions between the 73 lung cancer patients and controls. A significantly higher A allele frequency at position -607, which is associated with lower IL-18 production, was observed in lung cancer patients (48.6% vs. 35%; OR = 1.75; 95% CI 1.13-2.72). Also, patients with the -607 CA and the AA genotypes had a 2.60-fold (95% CI 1.26-5.36) and 3.15-fold (95% CI 1.16-8.55) increase in risk of lung cancer. Subdivision of the patients according to histological type revealed that SC was significantly associated with IL-18 -607 SNPs. Although the percentages of -607 alleles and genotypes in SCLC patients were similar to the results in SC patients, the differences compared to control individuals did not reach statistical significance. Analysis with Arlequin software identified eight haplotypes from three SNPs analyzed here. The distributions of IL-18 gene haplotypes were not significantly different between patients and controls after Bonferroni correction. DISCUSSION This is the first report to investigate the association between IL-18 polymorphism and lung cancer. Our results suggest that IL-18 polymorphism contributes to the lung cancer risk, particularly among SC patients. Further studies with larger numbers of patients are required to determine the possible association between IL-18 polymorphisms and different histological types of lung cancer.
Collapse
|
79
|
Rodríguez-Cuesta J, Hernando FL, Mendoza L, Gallot N, de Cerio AAD, Martínez-de-Tejada G, Vidal-Vanaclocha F. Candida albicans enhances experimental hepatic melanoma metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2009; 27:35-42. [PMID: 20035374 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-009-9300-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans infections are very frequent in cancer patients, whose immune system is often compromised, but whether this fungal pathogen affects cancer progression is unknown. C. albicans infection involves endogenous production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). Increased levels of these cytokines have already been correlated with metastasis of most common cancer types. In this study, a well-established model of IL-18-dependent hepatic melanoma metastasis was used to study whether C. albicans can alter the ability of murine B16 melanoma (B16M) cells to colonize the liver. First, we determined the ability of intrasplenically (IS) injected B16M cells to metastasize into the liver of mice challenged with 5 x 10(4) C. albicans cells by three different routes (intravenous, IV; intrasplenic, IS; or intraperitoneal, IP) 12 h prior to injection of B16M cells. We demonstrated that C. albicans significantly increased metastasis of B16M cells with all three fungal injection routes. Pro-metastatic effects occurred when hepatic colonization with B16M cells place after the peak of TNF-alpha and IL-18 levels had been reached in the hepatic blood of fungal challenged mice. In a second set of experiments, mice were fungal challenged 4 days after injection of B16M cells. In these mice, C. albicans also potentiated the growth of established micro-metastases. Significantly, the fungal challenge had pro-metastatic effects without the C. albicans being able to reach the liver, suggesting that soluble factors can promote metastasis in remote sites. Mouse treatment with antifungal ketoconazol abrogated hepatic TNF-alpha stimulation by C. albicans and prevented the enhancement of hepatic metastasis in fungal challenged-mice. Therefore, the pro-inflammatory microenvironment generated by the host's systemic response to C. albicans stimulates circulating cancer cells to metastasize in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Rodríguez-Cuesta
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
80
|
Soleimani A, Berntsen A, Svane IM, Pedersen AE. Immune responses in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with dendritic cells pulsed with tumor lysate. Scand J Immunol 2009; 70:481-9. [PMID: 19874553 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2009.02322.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) have a limited life expectancy but still a subset of these patients develop immune and clinical responses after immunotherapy including dendritic cell (DC) vaccination. In a recently published phase I/II trials, fourteen HLA-A2 negative patients with progressive mRCC were vaccinated with autologous DC pulsed with allogeneic tumour lysate. Low-dose IL-2 administered subcutaneously was given concomitantly. In this study, we analysed lysate specific proliferation of PBMCs from these patients together with the TH1/TH2 balance of the responding T cells. Also, serum concentrations of IL-10, IL-12, IL-15, IL-17 and IL-18 from these patients and additional thirteen HLA-A2 positive mRCC patients treated with autologous DC pulsed with survivin and telomerase peptides were analysed during vaccination to identify systemic immune responses and potential response biomarkers. In HLA-A2 negative mRCC patients a spontaneous predominance of TH1 secreting tumour lysate specific T cells was observed prior to vaccination in patients attaining stable disease (SD) during treatment whereas patients with continued progressive disease (PD) had a mixed TH1/TH2 response. The TH1/TH2 balance was unchanged during vaccination also when tumour lysate specific T cell responses increased. An increase in IL-12, IL-17 and IL-18 serum concentrations was observed during vaccination but no difference between patients with SD and PD was observed. IL-10 or IL-15 was not measurable in serum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Soleimani
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
81
|
Inflammation in the molecular pathogenesis of cancer and atherosclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 5 Suppl 1:40-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2008.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
82
|
Interleukin-18 gene promoter and serum level in women with ovarian cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2009; 36:2393-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-009-9469-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
83
|
Okamoto M, Azuma K, Hoshino T, Imaoka H, Ikeda J, Kinoshita T, Takamori S, Ohshima K, Edakuni N, Kato S, Iwanaga T, Aizawa H. Correlation of decreased survival and IL-18 in bone metastasis. Intern Med 2009; 48:763-73. [PMID: 19443970 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.48.1851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have reported that serum IL-18 levels are increased in some cancers. We investigated whether IL-18 production is increased in sera and cancer cells of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS OR MATERIALS Serum levels of IFN-gamma and IL-18 and thioredoxin 1 (TRX1) were measured in 79 patients (51 males, 28 females, median age 67 years) with advanced NSCLC (57 adenocarcinoma, 22 squamous cell carcinoma; TNM stages IIIA [n=11], IIIB [n=24], and IV [n=44]) and 75 healthy age-matched controls (44 males, 31 females, median age 65 years) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We examined IL-18 production in the lungs and sites of bone metastasis of adenocarcinoma by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Serum IL-18, IFN-gamma, and TRX1 levels in NSCLC patients were significantly (p<0.0001, p=0.0031, and p<0.0001, respectively) higher than in control subjects, while serum IFN-gamma levels in NSCLC were slightly increased. Serum IL-18, but not IFN-gamma or TRX1, levels were significantly (p=0.0102) and negatively associated with overall survival in NSCLC. The serum IL-18 level was identified as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in multivariate survival analysis. Moreover, serum IL-18 levels were significantly (p=0.049) higher in NSCLC with bone metastasis than in NSCLC without bone metastasis. Based on immunohistochemistry, we observed that cancer cells in the lungs and bone metastases markedly produced IL-18. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that elevated serum IL-18 levels may be associated with IL-18 producing cancer cells in advanced NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Okamoto
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
84
|
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is not associated with interleukin-18 promoter gene polymorphisms: a case–control study. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2008; 123:444-8. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022215108003733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AbstractObjective:To investigate the association of two functional single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter region of the interleukin-18 gene, at positions −607 and −137, with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Design:Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted, by the salting-out method, from peripheral blood leukocytes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the interleukin-18 gene at positions −607 (cytosine/adenine) and −137 (guanine/cytosine) were analysed by sequence-specific polymerase chain reaction.Subjects:One hundred and eleven patients (86 men and 25 women; mean age 56.7±13.7 years) and 212 regional controls (165 men and 47 women; mean age 53.3±12.2 years) were studied. Control subjects comprised healthy volunteers or cancer-free individuals presenting with otolaryngological disease. The diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma was confirmed histopathologically. Various clinical parameters were collected at diagnosis, including tumour site, tumour size, lymph node involvement, distant metastasis and stage.Results:There was no significant association between the allele, genotype or haplotype frequencies of the two single nucleotide polymorphisms of the interleukin-18 promoter and the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma susceptibility or clinical parameters at diagnosis.Conclusion:Interleukin-18 polymorphisms at positions −607 and −137 did not confer susceptibility to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in southern Iranian patients.
Collapse
|
85
|
Multimodality Imaging of IL-18–Binding Protein-Fc Therapy of Experimental Lung Metastasis. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:6137-45. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
86
|
Carroll RG, Carpenito C, Shan X, Danet-Desnoyers G, Liu R, Jiang S, Albelda SM, Golovina T, Coukos G, Riley JL, Jonak ZL, June CH. Distinct effects of IL-18 on the engraftment and function of human effector CD8 T cells and regulatory T cells. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3289. [PMID: 18818761 PMCID: PMC2538560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Accepted: 08/27/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-18 has pleotropic effects on the activation of T cells during antigen presentation. We investigated the effects of human IL-18 on the engraftment and function of human T cell subsets in xenograft mouse models. IL-18 enhanced the engraftment of human CD8+ effector T cells and promoted the development of xenogeneic graft versus host disease (GVHD). In marked contrast, IL-18 had reciprocal effects on the engraftment of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the xenografted mice. Adoptive transfer experiments indicated that IL-18 prevented the suppressive effects of Tregs on the development of xenogeneic GVHD. The IL-18 results were robust as they were observed in two different mouse strains. In addition, the effects of IL-18 were systemic as IL-18 promoted engraftment and persistence of human effector T cells and decreased Tregs in peripheral blood, peritoneal cavity, spleen and liver. In vitro experiments indicated that the expression of the IL-18Rα was induced on both CD4 and CD8 effector T cells and Tregs, and that the duration of expression was less sustained on Tregs. These preclinical data suggest that human IL-18 may have use as an adjuvant for immune reconstitution after cytotoxic therapies, and to augment adoptive immunotherapy, donor leukocyte infusions, and vaccine strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Carroll
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
87
|
Farhat K, Hassen E, Bouzgarrou N, Gabbouj S, Bouaouina N, Chouchane L. Functional IL-18 promoter gene polymorphisms in Tunisian nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Cytokine 2008; 43:132-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2008.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2008] [Revised: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 05/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
88
|
Hacker E, Muller K, Whiteman DC, Pavey S, Hayward N, Walker G. Reduced expression of IL-18 is a marker of ultraviolet radiation-induced melanomas. Int J Cancer 2008; 123:227-31. [PMID: 18386818 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed that mice carrying an activated Cdk4 mutation together with melanocyte-specific mutant Hras (Cdk4(R24C/R24C)/TPras) develop melanoma spontaneously, but penetrance is increased and age of onset reduced after neonatal ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. UVR-treated mice were more likely to develop multiple primary lesions, and these melanomas more often expressed Trp53, and less often expressed c-Myc, than melanomas from nonirradiated mice (Hacker et al., Cancer Res 2006;66:2946-52). These data suggest differences in mechanisms of tumorigenesis between melanomas developing spontaneously, or as a result of UVR exposure. To further delineate these differences, we compared global gene expression between spontaneous and UVR-induced melanomas from these mice using microarrays. We found 264 genes differentially expressed between these groups (ANOVA, p < 0.05). Selected candidate genes were validated using qRT-PCR, which confirmed upregulation of Gpr155 and Bmp7, and downregulation of Plagl1, Akap12 and Il18 in UVR-induced mouse melanomas. In humans, epidemiological studies suggest that there may be 2 predominant pathways to melanoma development. One characterized by chronic UVR exposure and which leads mainly to melanomas on sun-exposed sites; the other associated with low UVR exposure and leading predominantly to melanomas on less-exposed body sites. We found by immunohistochemical analysis that, comparing a series of human melanomas from the head (a chronically sun-exposed site; N = 82) with a set from the trunk (an intermittently exposed site; N = 65), the prevalence of IL-18 expression was significantly lower in melanomas on the head (16%) than on truncal melanomas (34%, p = 0.011). We conclude that loss of IL-18 is a marker of UVR-induced melanoma, both in animal models and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elke Hacker
- Oncogenomics Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
Fujita K, Ewing CM, Sokoll LJ, Elliott DJ, Cunningham M, De Marzo AM, Isaacs WB, Pavlovich CP. Cytokine profiling of prostatic fluid from cancerous prostate glands identifies cytokines associated with extent of tumor and inflammation. Prostate 2008; 68:872-82. [PMID: 18361406 PMCID: PMC2562260 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokines are key mediators of inflammation that may relate to prostate cancer initiation and progression, and that may be useful markers of prostatic neoplasia and related inflammation. In order to better understand the relationship between cytokines and prostate cancer, we profiled cytokines in prostatic fluids obtained from cancerous prostate glands and correlated them to both cancer status and inflammatory grade. METHODS Prostatic fluid was collected from fresh radical prostatectomy specimens and analyzed by cytokine antibody microarray. For comparison, cases were selected from patients with either minimal or extensive cancer volume on final pathology. Among the cytokines with the greatest difference between the tumor volume groups, eight had their levels quantitated by ELISA. In addition, the grade of prostatic inflammation by neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes was scored for each case and examined for correlations with cytokine levels. RESULTS Among 174 cytokines analyzed, HGF was the most increased (6.57-fold), and along with IL18Bpa was significantly elevated in patients with extensive disease compared to those with minimal disease. IL17, GITR, and ICAM-1 were elevated in specimens with significant neutrophilic inflammation into gland lumina, and IL18Bpa, IL17, GITR, and ICAM-1 were elevated in specimens with significant lymphocytic inflammation in prostatic stroma. CONCLUSIONS Prostatic fluid cytokines were identified that may be useful for early cancer detection and prognostication efforts and for assessment of prostatic inflammation, particularly if they can be found not only in prostatic fluids obtained ex vivo, but in expressed prostatic secretions or urine samples from men with prostates still in situ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Fujita
- The Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
90
|
The prometastatic microenvironment of the liver. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2008; 1:113-29. [PMID: 19308690 PMCID: PMC2654354 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-008-0011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2008] [Accepted: 03/13/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a major metastasis-susceptible site and majority of patients with hepatic metastasis die from the disease in the absence of efficient treatments. The intrahepatic circulation and microvascular arrest of cancer cells trigger a local inflammatory reaction leading to cancer cell apoptosis and cytotoxicity via oxidative stress mediators (mainly nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide) and hepatic natural killer cells. However, certain cancer cells that resist or even deactivate these anti-tumoral defense mechanisms still can adhere to endothelial cells of the hepatic microvasculature through proinflammatory cytokine-mediated mechanisms. During their temporary residence, some of these cancer cells ignore growth-inhibitory factors while respond to proliferation-stimulating factors released from tumor-activated hepatocytes and sinusoidal cells. This leads to avascular micrometastasis generation in periportal areas of hepatic lobules. Hepatocytes and myofibroblasts derived from portal tracts and activated hepatic stellate cells are next recruited into some of these avascular micrometastases. These create a private microenvironment that supports their development through the specific release of both proangiogenic factors and cancer cell invasion- and proliferation-stimulating factors. Moreover, both soluble factors from tumor-activated hepatocytes and myofibroblasts also contribute to the regulation of metastatic cancer cell genes. Therefore, the liver offers a prometastatic microenvironment to circulating cancer cells that supports metastasis development. The ability to resist anti-tumor hepatic defense and to take advantage of hepatic cell-derived factors are key phenotypic properties of liver-metastasizing cancer cells. Knowledge on hepatic metastasis regulation by microenvironment opens multiple opportunities for metastasis inhibition at both subclinical and advanced stages. In addition, together with metastasis-related gene profiles revealing the existence of liver metastasis potential in primary tumors, new biomarkers on the prometastatic microenvironment of the liver may be helpful for the individual assessment of hepatic metastasis risk in cancer patients.
Collapse
|
91
|
Weiss JM, Subleski JJ, Wigginton JM, Wiltrout RH. Immunotherapy of cancer by IL-12-based cytokine combinations. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2007; 7:1705-21. [PMID: 17961093 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.7.11.1705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a multi-faceted disease comprising complex interactions between neoplastic and normal cells. Over the past decade, there has been considerable progress in defining the molecular, cellular and environmental contributions to the pathophysiology of tumor development. Despite these advances, the conventional treatment of patients still generally involves surgery, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, and the clinical outcome for many of these efforts remains unsatisfactory. Recent studies have highlighted the feasibility of using immunotherapeutic approaches that seek to enhance host immune responses to developing tumors. These strategies include immunomodulatory cytokines, with TNF-alpha, type I or type II IFNs, IL-2, IL-12, IL-15 and IL-18 being among the most potent inducers of anti-tumor activity in a variety of preclinical studies. More recently, some exciting new cytokines have been characterized, such as IL-21, IL-23, IL-27 and their immunomodulatory and antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo suggest that they may have considerable promise for future immunotherapy protocols. The promise of cytokine therapy does indeed derive from the identification of these novel cytokines but even more fundamentally, the field is greatly benefiting from the ever-expanding amount of preclinical data that convincingly demonstrate synergistic and/or novel biologic effects, which may be achieved through the use of several combinations of cytokines with complementary immune-stimulating capabilities. One cytokine in particular, IL-12, holds considerable promise by virtue of the fact that it plays a central role in regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses, can by itself induce potent anticancer effects, and synergizes with several other cytokines for increased immunoregulatory and antitumor activities. This review discusses the antitumor activity of IL-12, with a special emphasis on its ability to synergize with other cytokines for enhancement of immune effector cell populations and regulation of host-tumor cell interactions and the overall tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Weiss
- National Cancer Institute, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|