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Environmental enrichment influences spatial learning ability in captive-reared intertidal gobies (Bathygobius cocosensis). Anim Cogn 2018; 22:89-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s10071-018-1225-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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52
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Maharaj G, Horack P, Yoder M, Dunlap AS. Influence of preexisting preference for color on sampling and tracking behavior in bumble bees. Behav Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ary140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gyanpriya Maharaj
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Centre for the Study of Biological Diversity, University of Guyana, Turkeyen Campus, Greater Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Patricia Horack
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marisa Yoder
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aimee S Dunlap
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, USA
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53
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Hill SP. ‘Regurgitation and reingestion’ (R/R) in great apes: a review of current knowledge. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/izy.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. P. Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Chester; Parkgate Road Chester CH1 4BJ United Kingdom
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cambridge; Madingley Road Cambridge CB3 0ES United Kingdom
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54
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Urszán TJ, Garamszegi LZ, Nagy G, Hettyey A, Török J, Herczeg G. Experience during development triggers between-individual variation in behavioural plasticity. J Anim Ecol 2018; 87:1264-1273. [PMID: 29752882 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Behavioural consistency within and across behaviours (animal personality and behavioural syndrome, respectively) has been vigorously studied in the last decade, leading to the emergence of "animal personality" research. It has been proposed recently that not only mean behaviour (behavioural type), but the environmentally induced behavioural change (behavioural plasticity) might also differ between individuals within populations. While case studies presenting between-individual variation in behavioural plasticity have started to accumulate, the mechanisms behind its emergence are virtually unknown. We have recently demonstrated that ecologically relevant environmental stimuli during ontogeny are necessary for the development of animal personality and behavioural syndromes. However, it is unknown whether between-individual variation in behavioural plasticity is hard-wired or induced. Here, we tested whether experience with predation during development affected predator-induced behavioural plasticity in Rana dalmatina tadpoles. We ran a common garden experiment with two ontogenetic predation treatments: tadpoles developed from hatching in either the presence or absence of olfactory predator stimuli. Then, we assayed all tadpoles repeatedly for activity and risk-taking both in the absence and presence of olfactory predator stimuli. We found that (a) between-individual variation in predator-induced behavioural plasticity was present only in the group that developed in the presence of olfactory stimuli from predators and (b) previous experience with predatory stimuli resulted in lower plastic response at the group level. The latter pattern resulted from increased between-individual variation and not from universally lower individual responses. We also found that experience with predation during development increased the predictability (i.e. decreased the within-individual variation unrelated to environmental change) of activity, but not risk-taking. In line with this, tadpoles developing under perceived predatory risk expressed their activity with higher repeatability. We suggest that ecologically relevant environmental stimuli are not only fundamental for the development of animal personality and behavioural syndromes, but also for individual variation in behavioural plasticity. Thus, experience is of central importance for the emergence of individual behavioural variation at many levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás János Urszán
- Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Zsolt Garamszegi
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Estacion Biologica de Donana - CSIC, Seville, Spain.,MTA-ELTE, Theoretical Biology and Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Department of Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Nagy
- Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Hettyey
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, MTA ATK NÖVI, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Török
- Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Herczeg
- Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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55
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Hermer E, Cauchoix M, Chaine AS, Morand-Ferron J. Elevation-related difference in serial reversal learning ability in a nonscatter hoarding passerine. Behav Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ary067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Hermer
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Gendron, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Maxime Cauchoix
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Toulouse, Toulouse School of Economics, Toulouse, France
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS UMR5321, Evolutionary Ecology Group, Moulis, France
| | - Alexis S Chaine
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Toulouse, Toulouse School of Economics, Toulouse, France
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS UMR5321, Evolutionary Ecology Group, Moulis, France
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56
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57
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Schausberger P, Davaasambuu U, Saussure S, Christiansen IC. Categorizing experience-based foraging plasticity in mites: age dependency, primacy effects and memory persistence. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:172110. [PMID: 29765663 PMCID: PMC5936928 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.172110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Behavioural plasticity can be categorized into activational (also termed contextual) and developmental plasticity. Activational plasticity allows immediate contextual behavioural changes, whereas developmental plasticity is characterized by time-lagged changes based on memory of previous experiences (learning). Behavioural plasticity tends to decline with age but whether this holds true for both plasticity categories and the effects of first-in-life experiences is poorly understood. We tackled this issue by assessing the foraging plasticity of plant-inhabiting predatory mites, Amblyseius swirskii, on thrips and spider mites following age-dependent prey experience, i.e. after hatching or after reaching maturity. Juvenile and young adult predator females were alternately presented thrips and spider mites, for establishing 1st and 2nd prey-in-life experiences, and tested, as gravid females, for their foraging plasticity when offered both prey species. Prey experience by juvenile predators resulted in clear learning effects, which were evident in likelier and earlier attacks on familiar prey, and higher proportional inclusion of familiar prey in total diet. First prey-in-life experience by juvenile but not adult predators resulted in primacy effects regarding attack latency. Prey experience by adult predators resulted mainly in prey-unspecific physiological changes, with easy-to-grasp spider mites providing higher net energy gains than difficult-to-grasp thrips. Prey experience by juvenile, but not adult, predators was adaptive, which was evident in a negative correlation between attack latencies and egg production. Overall, our study provides key evidence that similar experiences by juvenile and adult predators, including first-in-life experiences, may be associated with different types of behavioural plasticity, i.e. developmental and activational plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schausberger
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Group of Arthropod Ecology and Behavior, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor Mendelstrasse 35, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Undarmaa Davaasambuu
- Group of Arthropod Ecology and Behavior, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor Mendelstrasse 35, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- School of Agroecology, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 17024, Mongolia
| | - Stéphanie Saussure
- Group of Arthropod Ecology and Behavior, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor Mendelstrasse 35, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Inga C. Christiansen
- Group of Arthropod Ecology and Behavior, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor Mendelstrasse 35, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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58
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Langenhof MR, Komdeur J. Why and how the early-life environment affects development of coping behaviours. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2018; 72:34. [PMID: 29449757 PMCID: PMC5805793 DOI: 10.1007/s00265-018-2452-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the ways in which individuals cope with threats, respond to challenges, make use of opportunities and mediate the harmful effects of their surroundings is important for predicting their ability to function in a rapidly changing world. Perhaps one of the most essential drivers of coping behaviour of adults is the environment experienced during their early-life development. Although the study of coping, defined as behaviours displayed in response to environmental challenges, has a long and rich research history in biology, recent literature has repeatedly pointed out that the processes through which coping behaviours develop in individuals are still largely unknown. In this review, we make a move towards integrating ultimate and proximate lines of coping behaviour research. After broadly defining coping behaviours (1), we review why, from an evolutionary perspective, the development of coping has become tightly linked to the early-life environment (2), which relevant developmental processes are most important in creating coping behaviours adjusted to the early-life environment (3), which influences have been shown to impact those developmental processes (4) and what the adaptive significance of intergenerational transmission of coping behaviours is, in the context of behavioural adaptations to a fast changing world (5). Important concepts such as effects of parents, habitat, nutrition, social group and stress are discussed using examples from empirical studies on mammals, fish, birds and other animals. In the discussion, we address important problems that arise when studying the development of coping behaviours and suggest solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Rohaa Langenhof
- Behavioural Physiology and Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan Komdeur
- Behavioural Physiology and Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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59
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Lhomme P, Carrasco D, Larsson M, Hansson B, Anderson P. A context-dependent induction of natal habitat preference in a generalist herbivorous insect. Behav Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arx173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Lhomme
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Alnarp, Sweden
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Jena, Germany
| | - David Carrasco
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Mattias Larsson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Bill Hansson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Alnarp, Sweden
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Anderson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Alnarp, Sweden
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60
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Franks VR, Thorogood R. Older and wiser? Age differences in foraging and learning by an endangered passerine. Behav Processes 2017; 148:1-9. [PMID: 29273549 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Birds use cues when foraging to help relocate food resources, but natural environments provide many potential cues and choosing which to use may depend on previous experience. Young animals have less experience of their environment compared to adults, so may be slower to learn cues or may need to sample the environment more. Whether age influences cue use and learning has, however, received little experimental testing in wild animals. Here we investigate effects of age in a wild population of hihi (Notiomystis cincta), a threatened New Zealand passerine. We manipulated bird feeders using a novel colour cue to indicate a food reward; once hihi learned its location, we rotated the feeder to determine whether the birds followed the colour or returned to the previous location. Both age groups made fewer errors over trials and learned the location of the food reward, but juveniles continued to sample unrewarding locations more than adults. Following a second rotation, more adults preferred to forage from the hole indicated by the colour cue than juveniles, despite this no longer being rewarding. Overall, juveniles spent longer in the feeder arena to reach the same proportion of foraging time as adults. Combined, these results suggest that juveniles and adults may use an "explore and exploit" foraging strategy differently, and this affects how efficiently they forage. Further work is needed to understand how juveniles may compensate for their inexperience in learning and foraging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria R Franks
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, UK.
| | - Rose Thorogood
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK; Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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61
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Steinhoff POM, Liedtke J, Sombke A, Schneider JM, Uhl G. Early environmental conditions affect the volume of higher-order brain centers in a jumping spider. J Zool (1987) 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. O. M. Steinhoff
- General and Systematic Zoology; Zoological Institute and Museum; University of Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - J. Liedtke
- Biocenter Grindel; Zoological Institute; University of Hamburg; Hamburg Germany
| | - A. Sombke
- Cytology and Evolutionary Biology; Zoological Institute and Museum; University of Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - J. M. Schneider
- Biocenter Grindel; Zoological Institute; University of Hamburg; Hamburg Germany
| | - G. Uhl
- General and Systematic Zoology; Zoological Institute and Museum; University of Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
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62
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Gruber J, Brown G, Whiting MJ, Shine R. Is the behavioural divergence between range-core and range-edge populations of cane toads ( Rhinella marina) due to evolutionary change or developmental plasticity? ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:170789. [PMID: 29134082 PMCID: PMC5666265 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Individuals at the leading edge of expanding biological invasions often show distinctive phenotypic traits, in ways that enhance their ability to disperse rapidly and to function effectively in novel environments. Cane toads (Rhinella marina) at the invasion front in Australia exhibit shifts in morphology, physiology and behaviour (directionality of dispersal, boldness, risk-taking). We took a common-garden approach, raising toads from range-core and range-edge populations in captivity, to see if the behavioural divergences observed in wild-caught toads are also evident in common-garden offspring. Captive-raised toads from the invasion vanguard population were more exploratory and bolder (more prone to 'risky' behaviours) than toads from the range core, which suggests that these are evolved, genetic traits. Our study highlights the importance of behaviour as being potentially adaptive in invasive populations and adds these behavioural traits to the increasing list of phenotypic traits that have evolved rapidly during the toads' 80-year spread through tropical Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Gruber
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gregory Brown
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martin J. Whiting
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard Shine
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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63
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Liedtke J, Schneider JM. Social makes smart: rearing conditions affect learning and social behaviour in jumping spiders. Anim Cogn 2017; 20:1093-1106. [DOI: 10.1007/s10071-017-1125-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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64
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Bannier F, Tebbich S, Taborsky B. Early experience affects learning performance and neophobia in a cooperatively breeding cichlid. Ethology 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Bannier
- Behavioural Ecology; Institute of Ecology and Evolution; University of Bern; Hinterkappelen Switzerland
| | - Sabine Tebbich
- Department for Behavioural Biology; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Barbara Taborsky
- Behavioural Ecology; Institute of Ecology and Evolution; University of Bern; Hinterkappelen Switzerland
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65
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Shamoun-Baranes J, Liechti F, Vansteelant WMG. Atmospheric conditions create freeways, detours and tailbacks for migrating birds. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2017; 203:509-529. [PMID: 28508130 PMCID: PMC5522504 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-017-1181-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The extraordinary adaptations of birds to contend with atmospheric conditions during their migratory flights have captivated ecologists for decades. During the 21st century technological advances have sparked a revival of research into the influence of weather on migrating birds. Using biologging technology, flight behaviour is measured across entire flyways, weather radar networks quantify large-scale migratory fluxes, citizen scientists gather observations of migrant birds and mechanistic models are used to simulate migration in dynamic aerial environments. In this review, we first introduce the most relevant microscale, mesoscale and synoptic scale atmospheric phenomena from the point of view of a migrating bird. We then provide an overview of the individual responses of migrant birds (when, where and how to fly) in relation to these phenomena. We explore the cumulative impact of individual responses to weather during migration, and the consequences thereof for populations and migratory systems. In general, individual birds seem to have a much more flexible response to weather than previously thought, but we also note similarities in migratory behaviour across taxa. We propose various avenues for future research through which we expect to derive more fundamental insights into the influence of weather on the evolution of migratory behaviour and the life-history, population dynamics and species distributions of migrant birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Shamoun-Baranes
- Theoretical and Computational Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Felix Liechti
- Department of Bird Migration, Swiss Ornithological Institute, Seerose 1, 6204, Sempach, Switzerland
| | - Wouter M G Vansteelant
- Theoretical and Computational Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Vansteelant Eco Research, Dijkgraaf 35, 6721 NJ, Bennekom, The Netherlands
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66
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Kamhi JF, Sandridge-Gresko A, Walker C, Robson SKA, Traniello JFA. Worker brain development and colony organization in ants: Does division of labor influence neuroplasticity? Dev Neurobiol 2017; 77:1072-1085. [PMID: 28276652 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Brain compartment size allometries may adaptively reflect cognitive needs associated with behavioral development and ecology. Ants provide an informative system to study the relationship of neural architecture and development because worker tasks and sensory inputs may change with age. Additionally, tasks may be divided among morphologically and behaviorally differentiated worker groups (subcastes), reducing repertoire size through specialization and aligning brain structure with task-specific cognitive requirements. We hypothesized that division of labor may decrease developmental neuroplasticity in workers due to the apparently limited behavioral flexibility associated with task specialization. To test this hypothesis, we compared macroscopic and cellular neuroanatomy in two ant sister clades with striking contrasts in worker morphological differentiation and colony-level social organization: Oecophylla smaragdina, a socially complex species with large colonies and behaviorally distinct dimorphic workers, and Formica subsericea, a socially basic species with small colonies containing monomorphic workers. We quantified volumes of functionally distinct brain compartments in newly eclosed and mature workers and measured the effects of visual experience on synaptic complex (microglomeruli) organization in the mushroom bodies-regions of higher-order sensory integration-to determine the extent of experience-dependent neuroplasticity. We demonstrate that, contrary to our hypothesis, O. smaragdina workers have significant age-related volume increases and synaptic reorganization in the mushroom bodies, whereas F. subsericea workers have reduced age-related neuroplasticity. We also found no visual experience-dependent synaptic reorganization in either species. Our findings thus suggest that changes in the mushroom body with age are associated with division of labor, and therefore social complexity, in ants. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 1072-1085, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Frances Kamhi
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215.,Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215
| | - Aynsley Sandridge-Gresko
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Lesley University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138
| | - Christina Walker
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215
| | - Simon K A Robson
- Zoology and Ecology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - James F A Traniello
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215.,Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215
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67
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Filice DCS, Long TAF. Phenotypic plasticity in female mate choice behavior is mediated by an interaction of direct and indirect genetic effects in Drosophila melanogaster. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:3542-3551. [PMID: 28515889 PMCID: PMC5433979 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Female mate choice is a complex decision‐making process that involves many context‐dependent factors. In Drosophila melanogaster, a model species for the study of sexual selection, indirect genetic effects (IGEs) of general social interactions can influence female mate choice behaviors, but the potential impacts of IGEs associated with mating experiences are poorly understood. Here, we examined whether the IGEs associated with a previous mating experience had an effect on subsequent female mate choice behaviors and quantified the degree of additive genetic variation associated with this effect. Females from 21 different genetic backgrounds were housed with males from one of two distinct genetic backgrounds for either a short (3 hr) or long (48 hr) exposure period and their subsequent mate choice behaviors were scored. We found that the genetic identity of a previous mate significantly influenced a female's subsequent interest in males and preference of males. Additionally, a hemiclonal analysis revealed significant additive genetic variation associated with experience‐dependent mate choice behaviors, indicating a genotype‐by‐environment interaction for both of these parameters. We discuss the significance of these results with regard to the evolution of plasticity in female mate choice behaviors and the maintenance of variation in harmful male traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C S Filice
- Department of Biology Wilfrid Laurier University Waterloo ON Canada
| | - Tristan A F Long
- Department of Biology Wilfrid Laurier University Waterloo ON Canada
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68
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Zhang Y, Prins HHT, Versluijs M, Wessels R, Cao L, de Boer WF. Experimental Evidence Shows the Importance of Behavioural Plasticity and Body Size under Competition in Waterfowl. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164606. [PMID: 27727315 PMCID: PMC5058547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
When differently sized species feed on the same resources, interference competition may occur, which may negatively affect their food intake rate. It is expected that competition between species also alters behaviour and feeding patch selection. To assess these changes in behaviour and patch selection, we applied an experimental approach using captive birds of three differently sized Anatidae species: wigeon (Anas penelope) (~600 g), swan goose (Anser cygnoides) (~2700 g) and bean goose (Anser fabalis) (~3200 g). We quantified the functional response for each species and then recorded their behaviour and patch selection with and without potential competitors, using different species combinations. Our results showed that all three species acquired the highest nitrogen intake at relatively tall swards (6, 9 cm) when foraging in single species flocks in the functional response experiment. Goose species were offered foraging patches differing in sward height with and without competitors, and we tested for the effect of competition on foraging behaviour. The mean percentage of time spent feeding and being vigilant did not change under competition for all species. However, all species utilized strategies that increased their peck rate on patches across different sward heights, resulting in the same instantaneous and nitrogen intake rate. Our results suggest that variation in peck rate over different swards height permits Anatidae herbivores to compensate for the loss of intake under competition, illustrating the importance of behavioural plasticity in heterogeneous environments when competing with other species for resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (YZ); (LC)
| | | | - Martijn Versluijs
- Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Wessels
- Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academic of Sciences Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (LC)
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Rymer TL, Pillay N, Schradin C. RESILIENCE TO DROUGHTS IN MAMMALS: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR ESTIMATING VULNERABILITY OF A SINGLE SPECIES. QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY 2016; 91:133-76. [PMID: 27405222 DOI: 10.1086/686810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The frequency and severity of droughts in certain areas is increasing as a consequence of climate change. The associated environmental challenges, including high temperatures, low food, and water availability, have affected, and will affect, many populations. Our aims are to review the behavioral, physiological, and morphological adaptations of mammals to arid environments, and to aid research- ers and nature conservationists about which traits they should study to assess whether or not their study species will be able to cope with droughts. We provide a suite of traits that should be considered when making predictions about species resilience to drought. We define and differentiate between general adaptations, specialized adaptations, and exaptations, and argue that specialized adaptations are of little interest in establishing how nondesert specialists will cope with droughts. Attention should be placed on general adaptations of semidesert species and assess whether these exist as exaptations in nondesert species. We conclude that phenotypic flexibility is the most important general adaptation that may promote species resilience. Thus, to assess whether a species will be able to cope with increasing aridity, it is important to establish the degree offlexibility of traits identified in semidesert species that confer afitness advantage under drying conditions.
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70
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Lindström B, Selbing I, Olsson A. Co-Evolution of Social Learning and Evolutionary Preparedness in Dangerous Environments. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160245. [PMID: 27487079 PMCID: PMC4972391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Danger is a fundamental aspect of the lives of most animals. Adaptive behavior therefore requires avoiding actions, objects, and environments associated with danger. Previous research has shown that humans and non-human animals can avoid such dangers through two types of behavioral adaptions, (i) genetic preparedness to avoid certain stimuli or actions, and (ii) social learning. These adaptive mechanisms reduce the fitness costs associated with danger but still allow flexible behavior. Despite the empirical prevalence and importance of both these mechanisms, it is unclear when they evolve and how they interact. We used evolutionary agent-based simulations, incorporating empirically based learning mechanisms, to clarify if preparedness and social learning typically both evolve in dangerous environments, and if these mechanisms generally interact synergistically or antagonistically. Our simulations showed that preparedness and social learning often co-evolve because they provide complimentary benefits: genetic preparedness reduced foraging efficiency, but resulted in a higher rate of survival in dangerous environments, while social learning generally came to dominate the population, especially when the environment was stochastic. However, even in this case, genetic preparedness reliably evolved. Broadly, our results indicate that the relationship between preparedness and social learning is important as it can result in trade-offs between behavioral flexibility and safety, which can lead to seemingly suboptimal behavior if the evolutionary environment of the organism is not taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Lindström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Ida Selbing
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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71
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Seymour RS, Bosiocic V, Snelling EP. Fossil skulls reveal that blood flow rate to the brain increased faster than brain volume during human evolution. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2016; 3:160305. [PMID: 27853608 PMCID: PMC5108958 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of human cognition has been inferred from anthropological discoveries and estimates of brain size from fossil skulls. A more direct measure of cognition would be cerebral metabolic rate, which is proportional to cerebral blood flow rate (perfusion). The hominin cerebrum is supplied almost exclusively by the internal carotid arteries. The sizes of the foramina that transmitted these vessels in life can be measured in hominin fossil skulls and used to calculate cerebral perfusion rate. Perfusion in 11 species of hominin ancestors, from Australopithecus to archaic Homo sapiens, increases disproportionately when scaled against brain volume (the allometric exponent is 1.41). The high exponent indicates an increase in the metabolic intensity of cerebral tissue in later Homo species, rather than remaining constant (1.0) as expected by a linear increase in neuron number, or decreasing according to Kleiber's Law (0.75). During 3 Myr of hominin evolution, cerebral tissue perfusion increased 1.7-fold, which, when multiplied by a 3.5-fold increase in brain size, indicates a 6.0-fold increase in total cerebral blood flow rate. This is probably associated with increased interneuron connectivity, synaptic activity and cognitive function, which all ultimately depend on cerebral metabolic rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger S. Seymour
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Author for correspondence: Roger S. Seymour e-mail:
| | - Vanya Bosiocic
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Edward P. Snelling
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng 2193, South Africa
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72
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Effects of directionality, signal intensity, and short-wavelength components on iridescent warning signal efficacy. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-016-2141-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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73
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Maille A, Schradin C. Ecophysiology of cognition: How do environmentally induced changes in physiology affect cognitive performance? Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2016; 92:1101-1112. [PMID: 27020603 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive performance is based on brain functions, which have energetic demands and are modulated by physiological parameters such as metabolic hormones. As both environmental demands and environmental energy availability change seasonally, we propose that cognitive performance in free-living animals might also change seasonally due to phenotypic plasticity. This is part of an emerging research field, the 'ecophysiology of cognition': environmentally induced changes in physiological traits, such as blood glucose and hormone levels, are predicted to influence cognitive performance in free-living animals. Energy availability for the brain might change, and as such cognition, with changing energetic demands (e.g. reproduction) and changes of energy availability in the environment (e.g. winter, drought). Individuals spending more energy than they can currently obtain from their environment (allostatic overload type I) are expected to trade off energy investment between cognition and other life-sustaining processes or even reproduction. Environmental changes reducing energy availability might thus impair cognition. However, selection pressures such as predation risk, mate choice or social demands may act on the trade-off between energy saving and cognition. We assume that different environmental conditions can lead to three different trade-off outcomes: cognitive impairment, resilience or enhancement. Currently we cannot understand these trade-offs, because we lack information about changes in cognitive performance due to seasonal changes in energy availability and both the resulting changes in homeostasis (for example, blood glucose levels) and the associated changes in the mechanisms of allostasis (for example, hormone levels). Additionally, so far we know little about the fitness consequences of individual variation in cognitive performance. General cognitive abilities, such as attention and associative learning, might be more important in determining fitness than complex and specialized cognitive abilities, and easier to use for comparative study in a large number of species. We propose to study seasonal changes in cognitive performance depending on energy availability in populations facing different predation risks, and the resulting fitness consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Maille
- IPHC-DEPE, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67087, France.,CNRS, UMR7178, Strasbourg, 67087, France.,School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa.,UMR 7206 Eco-anthropologie et Ethnobiologie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, site du Musée de l'Homme, 17 place du trocadéro, Paris, 75016, France.,Département des Jardins Botaniques et Zoologiques, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Carsten Schradin
- IPHC-DEPE, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67087, France.,CNRS, UMR7178, Strasbourg, 67087, France.,School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa.,University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), Strasbourg, F-67083, France
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74
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The impacts of a toxic invasive prey species (the cane toad, Rhinella marina) on a vulnerable predator (the lace monitor, Varanus varius). Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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75
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Villain N, Picq JL, Aujard F, Pifferi F. Body mass loss correlates with cognitive performance in primates under acute caloric restriction conditions. Behav Brain Res 2016; 305:157-63. [PMID: 26952885 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Brain functions are known to consume high levels of energy, thus, the integrity of cognitive performance can be drastically impacted by acute caloric restriction. In this study, we tested the impact of a 40% caloric restriction on the cognitive abilities of the grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus). Twenty-three male mouse lemurs were divided into two groups: 13 control animals (CTL) that were fed with 105kJ/day and 10calorie restricted (CR) animals that received 40% less food (63kJ/day) than the CTL animals. The animals were fed according to their group for 19days. Before treatment, we assessed baseline associative learning capacities, resting metabolic rates and locomotor performance of both animal groups. After treatment, we tested the same functions as well as long-term memory. Our results showed that CR animals had lower learning performance following caloric restriction. The effects of caloric restriction on memory recall varied and depended on the metabolism of the individual animal. Body mass loss was linked to memory test performance in the CR group, and lower performance was observed in individuals losing the most weight. While CR was observed to negatively impact learning, locomotor capacities were preserved in CR animals, and there were higher resting metabolic rates in the CR group. Our data reinforce the strong link between energy allocation and brain function, and suggest that in the context of food shortage, learning capacities could be a limiting parameter in the adaptation to a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Villain
- UMR CNRS MNHN 7179, Adaptive Mechanisms and Evolution (MECADEV), 1 Avenue du Petit Château, 91800 Brunoy, France
| | - J-L Picq
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et de Neuropsychologie, E.A. 2027, Université Paris 8, 2 Rue de la Liberté, 93000 St Denis, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay UMR 9199, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département des Sciences du Vivant (DSV), Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), MIRCen, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - F Aujard
- UMR CNRS MNHN 7179, Adaptive Mechanisms and Evolution (MECADEV), 1 Avenue du Petit Château, 91800 Brunoy, France
| | - F Pifferi
- UMR CNRS MNHN 7179, Adaptive Mechanisms and Evolution (MECADEV), 1 Avenue du Petit Château, 91800 Brunoy, France.
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76
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How practice makes perfect: the role of persistence, flexibility and learning in problem-solving efficiency. Anim Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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77
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78
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Martín J, Ortega J, López P. Experience may allow increasing accuracy of the innate chemosensory recognition of snake predators by Iberian wall lizards. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-015-1968-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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79
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At the edge of chaos--error tolerance and the maintenance of Lévy statistics in animal movement: Comment on "Liberating Lévy walk research from the shackles of optimal foraging" by A.M. Reynolds. Phys Life Rev 2015. [PMID: 26205677 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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80
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Öst M, Jaatinen K. Smart and safe? Antipredator behavior and breeding success are related to head size in a wild bird. Behav Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arv093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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81
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Campbell JM, Carter PA, Wheeler PA, Thorgaard GH. Aggressive behavior, brain size and domestication in clonal rainbow trout lines. Behav Genet 2015; 45:245-54. [PMID: 25647468 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-014-9696-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Domestication causes behavior and brain size changes in many species. We addressed three questions using clonal rainbow trout lines: What are the mirror-elicited aggressive tendencies in lines with varying degrees of domestication? How does brain size relate to genotype and domestication level? Finally, is there a relationship between aggressive behavior and brain size? Clonal lines, although sampling a limited subset of the species variation, provide us with a reproducible experimental system with which we can develop hypotheses for further research. We performed principal component analyses on 12 continuous behavior and brain/body size variables and one discrete behavioral variable ("yawn") and detected several aggression syndromes. Two behaviors, "freeze" and "escape", associated with high domestication; "display" and "yawn" behavior associated with wild lines and "swim against the mirror" behavior associated with semi-wild and domestic lines. Two brain size traits, total brain and olfactory volume, were significantly related to domestication level when taking total body size into account, with domesticated lines having larger total brain volume and olfactory regions. The aggression syndromes identified indicate that future QTL mapping studies on domestication-related traits would likely be fruitful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Campbell
- School of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
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82
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Tian J, Courtiol A, Schneeberger K, Greenwood AD, Czirják GÁ. Circulating white blood cell counts in captive and wild rodents are influenced by body mass rather than testes mass, a correlate of mating promiscuity. Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jundong Tian
- Department of Wildlife Diseases Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research 10315 Berlin Germany
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Freie Universität Berlin 14163 Berlin Germany
| | - Alexandre Courtiol
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research 10315 Berlin Germany
| | - Karin Schneeberger
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research 10315 Berlin Germany
| | - Alex D. Greenwood
- Department of Wildlife Diseases Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research 10315 Berlin Germany
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Freie Universität Berlin 14163 Berlin Germany
| | - Gábor Á. Czirják
- Department of Wildlife Diseases Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research 10315 Berlin Germany
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83
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Li CY, Yang Y, Lee PY, Hsu Y. Opponent familiarity and contest experience jointly influence contest decisions in Kryptolebias marmoratus. Front Zool 2014; 11:92. [PMID: 25530793 PMCID: PMC4271475 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-014-0092-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Individual recognition and winner/loser effects both play important roles in animal contests, but how their influences are integrated to affect an individual’s contest decisions in combination remains unclear. Individual recognition provides an animal with relatively precise information about its ability to defeat conspecifics that it has fought previously. Winner/loser effects, conversely, rely on sampling information about how an animal’s ability to win compares with those of others in the population. The less precise information causing winner/loser effects should therefore be more useful to an individual facing an unfamiliar opponent. In this study, we used Kryptolebias marmoratus, a hermaphroditic mangrove killifish, to test whether winner/loser effects do depend on opponent familiarity. In addition, as previous studies have shown that subordinates that behave aggressively sometimes suffer post-retreat retaliation from contest winners, we also explored this aspect of contest interaction in K. marmoratus. Results In the early stages of a contest, subordinates facing an unfamiliar dominant were more likely to signal their aggressiveness with either gill displays or attacks rather than retreating immediately. A winning experience then increased the likelihood that the most aggressive behavioral pattern the subordinates exhibited would be attacks rather than gill displays, irrespective of their opponents’ familiarity. Dominants that received a losing experience and faced an unfamiliar opponent were less likely than others to launch attacks directly. And subordinates that challenged dominants with more aggressive tactics but still lost received more post-retreat attacks from their dominant opponents. Conclusions Subordinates’ contest decisions were influenced by both their contest experience and the familiarity of their opponents, but these influences appeared at different stages of a contest and did not interact significantly with each other. The influence of a losing experience on dominants’ contest decisions, however, did depend on their subordinate opponents’ familiarity. Subordinates and dominants thus appeared to integrate information from the familiarity of their opponents and the outcome of previous contests differently, which warrants further investigation. The higher costs that dominants imposed on subordinates that behaved more aggressively toward them may have been to deter them from either fighting back or challenging them in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Li
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Section 4, Ting-Chou Rd, Taipei, 11677 Taiwan
| | - Yusan Yang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Section 4, Ting-Chou Rd, Taipei, 11677 Taiwan
| | - Pey-Yi Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Section 4, Ting-Chou Rd, Taipei, 11677 Taiwan
| | - Yuying Hsu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Section 4, Ting-Chou Rd, Taipei, 11677 Taiwan
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84
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Increased behavioral output but intact goal-directed and habitual responding for food reward following early-life social deprivation in rats. Behav Brain Res 2014; 271:94-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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85
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Anderson P, Anton S. Experience-based modulation of behavioural responses to plant volatiles and other sensory cues in insect herbivores. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:1826-1835. [PMID: 24689897 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant volatiles are important cues for many herbivorous insects when choosing a suitable host plant and finding a mating partner. An appropriate behavioural response to sensory cues from plants and other insects is crucial for survival and fitness. As the natural environment can show both large spatial and temporal variability, herbivores may need to show behavioural plasticity to the available cues. By using earlier experiences, insects can adapt to local variation of resources. Experience is well known to affect sensory-guided behaviour in parasitoids and social insects, but there is also increasing evidence that it influences host plant choice and the probability of finding a mating partner in herbivorous insects. In this review, we will focus upon behavioural changes in holometabolous insect herbivores during host plant choice and localization of mating partners, modulated by experience to sensory cues. The experience can be acquired during both the larval and the adult stage and can influence later responses to plant volatiles and other sensory cues not only within the developmental stage but also after metamorphosis. Furthermore, we will address the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the experience-dependent behavioural adaptations and discuss ecological and evolutionary aspects of insect behavioural plasticity based upon experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Anderson
- Division of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
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86
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Vane-Wright RI. What is life? And what might be said of the role of behaviour in its evolution? Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. I. Vane-Wright
- Life Sciences Department; Natural History Museum; London SW7 5BD UK
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE); University of Kent; Canterbury CT2 7NR UK
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87
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Mundinger PC, Lahti DC. Quantitative integration of genetic factors in the learning and production of canary song. Proc Biol Sci 2014; 281:20132631. [PMID: 24598419 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.2631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Learned bird song is influenced by inherited predispositions. The canary is a model system for the interaction of genes and learning on behaviour, especially because some strains have undergone artificial selection for song. In this study, roller canaries (bred for low-pitched songs) and border canaries (whose song is higher pitched, similar to the wild-type) were interbred and backcrossed to produce 58 males that sorted into seven genetically distinct groups. All males were tutored with the same set of songs, which included both low- and high-pitched syllables. Individuals were consistent within genetic groups but differed between groups in the proportion of low- versus high-pitched syllables they learned and sang. Both sex-linked and autosomal factors affected song learning and song production, in an additive manner. Dominant Z-chromosome factors facilitated high-pitched syllable learning and production, whereas the sex-linked alleles associated with the switch to low-pitched syllables under artificial selection were largely recessive. With respect to autosomal effects, the most surprising result is that males in the same genetic group had almost identical repertoires. This result challenges two common preconceptions: that genetic changes at different loci lead to distinct phenotypic changes, and that genetic predispositions affect learning in simple and general ways. Rather, different combinations of genetic changes can be associated with the same phenotypic effect; and predispositions can be remarkably specific, such as a tendency to learn and sing one song element rather than another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Mundinger
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, , Flushing, NY 11367, USA
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88
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Brown R. Rethinking Behavioral Evolution. HISTORY, PHILOSOPHY AND THEORY OF THE LIFE SCIENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7067-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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89
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Innate threat-sensitive foraging: black-tailed deer remain more fearful of wolf than of the less dangerous black bear even after 100 years of wolf absence. Oecologia 2013; 174:1151-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-013-2843-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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90
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Thöming G, Larsson MC, Hansson BS, Anderson P. Comparison of plant preference hierarchies of male and female moths and the impact of larval rearing hosts. Ecology 2013; 94:1744-52. [PMID: 24015518 DOI: 10.1890/12-0907.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Selection of a suitable host plant is essential for the fitness of herbivorous insects. For polyphagous insects the underlying proximate mechanisms for host plant selection, including phenotypic plasticity, remain only partially understood. We established an experimental protocol evaluating preferences to five plant species in males and females of the polyphagous moth Spodoptera littoralis. Female preference hierarchies were assessed by oviposition decisions; those of males were assessed by the attraction to female sex pheromones in background odors of different plant species. The experiments revealed clear preference hierarchies in both males and females, which were partly overlapping in spite of the different behavioral contexts of the respective assays. Furthermore, we demonstrated strong effects of the larval rearing host on adult plant preference, where the larval host plant species was generally elevated to the most preferred plant in both sexes, without otherwise affecting the overall preference hierarchy. Our results suggest that both sexes are involved in host plant choice and that experience-based convergent intersexual plant preferences may confer selective advantages. The host plant choice is guided by a stable plant preference hierarchy, which can be modified by the larval rearing host, permitting fast adaptation to variation in local conditions and to novel environments. It may also provide a mechanism for reducing costs associated with polyphagy by functional plasticity in plant choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunda Thöming
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Division of Chemical Ecology, Box 102, SE-23053 Alnarp, Sweden.
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91
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Hsu Y, Huang YY, Wu YT. Multiple contest experiences interact to influence each other's effect on subsequent contest decisions in a mangrove killifish. Anim Cogn 2013; 17:165-75. [PMID: 23760869 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-013-0649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Many animals modify behavioural decisions based on information they have previously acquired. Contest behaviour is often affected by previous contest experiences: individuals behave more and less aggressively after a victory and defeat, respectively (winner/loser effect). Individuals in the field sometimes encounter multiple competitors in quick succession, but whether these experiences interact to influence each other's importance is unclear. We tested five hypotheses for experience interaction (no interaction, retroactive interference, proactive interaction, reinforcement and diminishing returns) using Kryptolebias marmoratus. Focal individuals were paired up with opponents having the same 1-month contest outcome (1 month before the experiment), as this difference in actual or perceived fighting ability has been shown to affect the fish's response to new experiences. We gave the focal individual of a pair a winning or losing experience on day 1. Then both fish of the pair received the same winning, losing or no-contest experience on day 2. Then we organised fights between the two. The effect of a day-1 losing experience did depend on the fish's actual or perceived fighting ability: one-month losers readily showed loser effects from the day-1 losing experience, irrespective of the day-2 experience (i.e. no interaction between day-1 and day-2 experiences). One-month winners, however, only showed loser effects from a day-1 losing experience when the day-2 experience was also a loss (i.e. reinforcement). Day-1 winning experiences did not interact with day-2 experiences in 1-month losers or winners. Therefore, multiple experiences sometimes reinforce each other, but how they combine to influence behaviour depends on an individual's actual or perceived fighting ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Hsu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Section 4, Ting-Chou Rd., Taipei, 11677, Taiwan,
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92
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann L. Rypstra
- Department of Zoology; Miami University; Hamilton; OH; USA
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Farji-Brener AG, Tadey M. Trash to treasure: leaf-cutting ants repair nest-mound damage by recycling refuse dump materials. Behav Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ars101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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