51
|
Sun D, Yue Q, Guo W, Li T, Zhang J, Li G, Liu Z, Sun J. Neuroprotection of resveratrol against neurotoxicity induced by methamphetamine in mouse mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. Biofactors 2015. [PMID: 26212417 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol is originally extracted from huzhang, a Chinese herbal medicine. Recently, resveratrol has attracted a great of attention due to its antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties. Although the neuroprotection of resveratrol on neural damages in various models has been well characterized, little is known about the role of resveratrol in methamphetamine (MA) induced neurotoxicity in mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. Dopaminergic neurons were isolated from midbrain of mouse embryos at embryonic day 15 and cultured in the presence of MA and resveratrol. Cell viability was examined by MTT assay and the apoptosis was assessed using Hoechst33342/PI double staining. To evaluate the Oxidative damage, ROS assay was performed. Moreover, the changes of time course of intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca(2+) ]i) were analyzed with Fluo-3/AM tracing. The data showed that MA induced the neurotoxicity of cultured cells in a dose-dependent manner. Resveratrol significantly increased cellular viability and retarded cell apoptosis. Furthermore, resveratrol also attenuated MA induced ROS production and intracellular free calcium overload. Our results suggest that resveratrol protects dopaminergic neurons from MA-induced neuronal cytotoxicity, which, at least partly, is mediated by inhibition of [Ca(2+) ]i and oxidative stress. © 2015 BioFactors 41(4):252-260, 2015.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Sun
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Anatomy, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qingwei Yue
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Anatomy, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Weihua Guo
- Department of Radiology, The second Hoppital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the fourth hospital of Jinan City, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Anatomy, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guibao Li
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Anatomy, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zengxun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinhao Sun
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Anatomy, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Möser CV, Stephan H, Altenrath K, Kynast KL, Russe OQ, Olbrich K, Geisslinger G, Niederberger E. TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) modulates inflammatory hyperalgesia by regulating MAP kinases and NF-κB dependent genes. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:100. [PMID: 25997745 PMCID: PMC4449530 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0319-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TANK-binding kinase (TBK1) is a non-canonical IκB kinase (IKK) involved in the regulation of type I interferons and of NF-κB signal transduction. It is activated by viral infections and inflammatory mediators and has therefore been associated with viral diseases, obesity, and rheumatoid arthritis. Its role in pain has not been investigated so far. Due to the important roles of NF-κB, classical IκB Kinases and the IKK-related kinase, IKKε, in inflammatory nociception, we hypothesized that TBK1, which is suggested to form a complex with IKKε under certain conditions, might also alter the inflammatory nociceptive response. METHODS We investigated TBK1 expression and regulation in "pain-relevant" tissues of C57BL/6 mice by immunofluorescence, quantitative PCR, and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, nociceptive responses and the underlying signal transduction pathways were assessed using TBK1(-/-) mice in two models of inflammatory nociception. RESULTS Our data show that TBK1 is expressed and regulated in the spinal cord after peripheral nociceptive stimulation and that a deletion of TBK1 alleviated the inflammatory hyperalgesia in mice while motor function and acute nociception were not altered. TBK1-mediated effects are at least partially mediated by regulation of NF-κB dependent COX-2 induction but also by alteration of expression of c-fos via modulation of MAP kinases as shown in the spinal cord of mice and in cell culture experiments. CONCLUSION We suggest that TBK1 exerts pronociceptive effects in inflammatory nociception which are due to both modulation of NF-κB dependent genes and regulation of MAPKs and c-fos. Inhibition of TBK1 might therefore constitute a novel effective tool for analgesic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine V Möser
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Heike Stephan
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina Altenrath
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina L Kynast
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Otto Q Russe
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katrin Olbrich
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ellen Niederberger
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Vargas JE, Puga R, Poloni JDF, Saraiva Macedo Timmers LF, Porto BN, Norberto de Souza O, Bonatto D, Condessa Pitrez PM, Tetelbom Stein R. A network flow approach to predict protein targets and flavonoid backbones to treat respiratory syncytial virus infection. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:301635. [PMID: 25879022 PMCID: PMC4386546 DOI: 10.1155/2015/301635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the major cause of respiratory disease in lower respiratory tract in infants and young children. Attempts to develop effective vaccines or pharmacological treatments to inhibit RSV infection without undesired effects on human health have been unsuccessful. However, RSV infection has been reported to be affected by flavonoids. The mechanisms underlying viral inhibition induced by these compounds are largely unknown, making the development of new drugs difficult. METHODS To understand the mechanisms induced by flavonoids to inhibit RSV infection, a systems pharmacology-based study was performed using microarray data from primary culture of human bronchial cells infected by RSV, together with compound-proteomic interaction data available for Homo sapiens. RESULTS After an initial evaluation of 26 flavonoids, 5 compounds (resveratrol, quercetin, myricetin, apigenin, and tricetin) were identified through topological analysis of a major chemical-protein (CP) and protein-protein interacting (PPI) network. In a nonclustered form, these flavonoids regulate directly the activity of two protein bottlenecks involved in inflammation and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings may potentially help uncovering mechanisms of action of early RSV infection and provide chemical backbones and their protein targets in the difficult quest to develop new effective drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Eduardo Vargas
- Centro Infant, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Avenue Ipiranga 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Renato Puga
- Clinical Research Center, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joice de Faria Poloni
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Saraiva Macedo Timmers
- Faculty of Informatics, Laboratory for Bioinformatics, Modelling & Simulation of Biosystems, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Barbara Nery Porto
- Centro Infant, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Avenue Ipiranga 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Osmar Norberto de Souza
- Faculty of Informatics, Laboratory for Bioinformatics, Modelling & Simulation of Biosystems, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Bonatto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Márcio Condessa Pitrez
- Centro Infant, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Avenue Ipiranga 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Renato Tetelbom Stein
- Centro Infant, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Avenue Ipiranga 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Komaravelli N, Kelley JP, Garofalo MP, Wu H, Casola A, Kolli D. Role of dietary antioxidants in human metapneumovirus infection. Virus Res 2015; 200:19-23. [PMID: 25645280 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a major cause of respiratory tract infections in children, elderly and immunocompromised hosts, for which no vaccine or treatment are currently available. Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses represent important pathogenic mechanism(s) of hMPV infection. Here, we explored the potential protective role of dietary antioxidants in hMPV infection. Treatment of airway epithelial cells with resveratrol and quercetin during hMPV infection significantly reduced cellular oxidative damage, inflammatory mediator secretion and viral replication, without affecting viral gene transcription and protein synthesis, indicating that inhibition of viral replication occurred at the level of viral assembly and/or release. Modulation of proinflammatory mediator expression occurred through the inhibition of transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-κB and interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-3 binding to their cognate site of endogenous gene promoters. Our results indicate the use of dietary antioxidants as an effective treatment approach for modulating hMPV induced lung oxidative damage and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narayana Komaravelli
- Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - John P Kelley
- Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Matteo P Garofalo
- Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Haotian Wu
- Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Antonella Casola
- Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Deepthi Kolli
- Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Type-I interferons induce lung protease responses following respiratory syncytial virus infection via RIG-I-like receptors. Mucosal Immunol 2015; 8:161-75. [PMID: 25005357 PMCID: PMC4268269 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2014.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The role of proteases in viral infection of the lung is poorly understood. Thus, we examined matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cathepsin proteases in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-infected mouse lungs. RSV-induced gene expression for MMPs -2, -3, -7, -8, -9, -10, -12, -13, -14, -16, -17, -19, -20, -25, -27, and -28 and cathepsins B, C, E, G, H, K, L1, S, W, and Z in the airways of Friend leukemia virus B sensitive strain mice. Increased proteases were present in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue during infection. Mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) and TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β-deficient mice were exposed to RSV. Mavs-deficient mice had significantly lower expression of airway MMP-2, -3, -7, -8, -9, -10, -12, -13, and -28 and cathepsins C, G, K, S, W, and Z. In lung epithelial cells, retinoic acid-inducible gene-1 (RIG-I) was identified as the major RIG-I-like receptor required for RSV-induced protease expression via MAVS. Overexpression of RIG-I or treatment with interferon-β in these cells induced MMP and cathepsin gene and protein expression. The significance of RIG-1 protease induction was demonstrated by the fact that inhibiting proteases with batimastat, E64 or ribavirin prevented airway hyperresponsiveness and enhanced viral clearance in RSV-infected mice.
Collapse
|
56
|
Angiogenin reduces immune inflammation via inhibition of TANK-binding kinase 1 expression in human corneal fibroblast cells. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:861435. [PMID: 24860242 PMCID: PMC4016892 DOI: 10.1155/2014/861435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenin (ANG) is reportedly multifunctional, with roles in angiogenesis and autoimmune diseases. This protein is involved in the innate immune system and has been implicated in several inflammatory diseases. Although ANG may be involved in the anti-inflammatory response, there is no evidence that it has direct anti-inflammatory effects. In this study we sought to determine whether ANG has an anti-inflammatory effect in human corneal fibroblasts (HCFs) exposed to media containing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). We found that ANG reduced the mRNA expression of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), -6, -8 and TNF-α receptors (TNFR) 1 and 2. In contrast, ANG increased the mRNA expression of IL-4 and -10. Protein levels of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) were reduced by ANG in HCFs treated with TNF-α. Moreover, ANG diminished the expression of IL-6 and -8 and monocyte chemotactic protein- (MCP-) 1. The protein expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was downregulated by ANG treatment. These findings suggest that ANG suppressed the TNF-α-induced inflammatory response in HCFs through inhibition of TBK1-mediated NF-κB nuclear translocation. These novel results are likely to play a significant role in the selection of immune-mediated inflammatory therapeutic targets and may shed light on the pathogenesis of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
57
|
Li XQ, Lv HW, Tan WF, Fang B, Wang H, Ma H. Role of the TLR4 pathway in blood-spinal cord barrier dysfunction during the bimodal stage after ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:62. [PMID: 24678770 PMCID: PMC3977699 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) involves two-phase injury, including an initial acute ischemic insult and subsequent inflammatory reperfusion injury, resulting in blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) dysfunction involving the TLR4 pathway. However, the correlation between TLR4/MyD88-dependent and TLR4/TRIF-dependent pathways in BSCB dysfunction is not fully understood. The aim of this study is to characterize inflammatory responses in spinal cord I/R and the events that define its clinical progression with delayed neurological deficits, supporting a bimodal mechanism of injury. Methods Rats were intrathecally pretreated with TAK-242, MyD88 inhibitory peptide, or Resveratrol at a 12 h interval for 3 days before undergoing 14-minute occlusion of aortic arch. Evan’s Blue (EB) extravasation and water content were detected at 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h after reperfusion. EB extravasation, water content, and NF-κB activation were increased with time after reperfusion, suggesting a bimodal distribution, as maximal increasing were detected at both 12 and 48 h after reperfusion. The changes were directly proportional to TLR4 levels determined by Western blot. Double-labeled immunohistochemical analysis was also used to detect the relationship between different cell types of BSCB with TLR4. Furthermore, NF-κB and IL-1β were analyzed at 12 and 48 h to identify the correlation between MyD88-dependent and TRIF-dependent pathways. Results Rats without functional TLR4 and MyD88 attenuated BSCB leakage and inflammatory responses at 12 h, suggesting the ischemic event was largely mediated by MyD88-dependent pathway. Similar protective effects observed in rats with depleted TLR4, MyD88, and TRIF receptor at 48 h infer that the ongoing inflammation which occurred in late phase was mainly initiated by TRIF-dependent pathway and such inflammatory response could be further amplified by MyD88-dependent pathway. Additionally, microglia appeared to play a major role in early phase of inflammation after I/R injury, while in late responding phase both microglia and astrocytes were necessary. Conclusions These findings indicate the relevance of TLR4/MyD88-dependent and TLR4/TRIF-dependent pathways in bimodal phases of inflammatory responses after I/R injury, corresponding with the clinical progression of injury and delayed onset of symptoms. The clinical usage of TLR4 signaling inhibitors at different phases may be a therapeutic option for the prevention of delayed injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hong Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Kroeker AL, Coombs KM. Systems biology unravels interferon responses to respiratory virus infections. World J Biol Chem 2014; 5:12-25. [PMID: 24600511 PMCID: PMC3942539 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v5.i1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon production is an important defence against viral replication and its activation is an attractive therapeutic target. However, it has long been known that viruses perpetually evolve a multitude of strategies to evade these host immune responses. In recent years there has been an explosion of information on virus-induced alterations of the host immune response that have resulted from data-rich omics technologies. Unravelling how these systems interact and determining the overall outcome of the host response to viral infection will play an important role in future treatment and vaccine development. In this review we focus primarily on the interferon pathway and its regulation as well as mechanisms by which respiratory RNA viruses interfere with its signalling capacity.
Collapse
|
59
|
Resveratrol inhibits the TRIF-dependent pathway by upregulating sterile alpha and armadillo motif protein, contributing to anti-inflammatory effects after respiratory syncytial virus infection. J Virol 2014; 88:4229-36. [PMID: 24478430 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03637-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important cause of lower respiratory tract infection in young children and the leading cause of infant hospitalization worldwide. Uncontrolled response to RSV is mediated by a toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated immune response. Resveratrol possesses anti-RSV activity and is an inhibitor of the TRIF/TBK1/IRF-3 complex. We hypothesize that resveratrol inhibits the TRIF-dependent pathway through upregulation of SARM post-RSV infection. BALB/c mice were infected with RSV and were injected with resveratrol 1 h postinoculation. SARM short interfering RNA was administered to RSV-infected and resveratrol-treated mice. Lung function was measured by whole-body plethysmography, lung histopathology was examined, and lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were quantified. SARM and TRIF protein expression were detected in the lung by Western blot analyses. The expression of gamma interferon in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). SARM expression was reduced and TRIF expression was increased after infection with RSV. Resveratrol increased SARM expression and decreased TRIF expression after RSV infection. SARM knockdown in resveratrol-treated mice enhanced gamma interferon production, RSV-induced airway inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Resveratrol decreased TRIF expression and prevented the RSV-mediated reduction of SARM expression. Resveratrol-mediated inhibition of the TRIF-dependent pathway may be dependent on SARM expression. IMPORTANCE Our study provides insights into the regulation of innate immunity in response to RSV infection. The results suggest that resveratrol-mediated alterations in SARM have therapeutic potential against RSV immunopathology caused by deregulation of the TLR-mediated immune response. Ultimately, improved insight into the complex interplay between TLR adaptor proteins and the occurrence of severe RSV infection might lead to novel therapeutic treatment strategies, such as TLR adjuvants.
Collapse
|
60
|
Dhawan V. Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species: General Considerations. OXIDATIVE STRESS IN APPLIED BASIC RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0497-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
61
|
Recent advances in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of human respiratory syncytial virus. Adv Virol 2013; 2013:595768. [PMID: 24382964 PMCID: PMC3872095 DOI: 10.1155/2013/595768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of respiratory infection in infants and the elderly, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The interdisciplinary fields, especially biotechnology and nanotechnology, have facilitated the development of modern detection systems for RSV. Many anti-RSV compounds like fusion inhibitors and RNAi molecules have been successful in laboratory and clinical trials. But, currently, there are no effective drugs for RSV infection even after decades of research. Effective diagnosis can result in effective treatment, but the progress in both of these facets must be concurrent. The development in prevention and treatment measures for RSV is at appreciable pace, but the implementation into clinical practice still seems a challenge. This review attempts to present the promising diverse research approaches and advancements in the area of diagnosis, prevention, and treatment that contribute to RSV management.
Collapse
|
62
|
Resveratrol inhibits β-amyloid-induced neuronal apoptosis through regulation of SIRT1-ROCK1 signaling pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59888. [PMID: 23555824 PMCID: PMC3610881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and loss of neurons. Recently, a growing body of evidences have indicated that as a herbal compound naturally derived from grapes, resveratrol modulates the pathophysiology of AD, however, with a largely unclear mechanism. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the protection of resveratrol against the neurotoxicity of β-amyloid peptide 25–35 (Aβ25–35) and further explore its underlying mechanism in the present study. PC12 cells were injuried by Aβ25–35, and resveratrol at different concentrations was added into the culture medium. We observed that resveratrol increased cell viability through the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) colorimetric assays. Flow cytometry indicated the reduction of cell apoptosis by resveratrol. Moreover, resveratrol also stabilized the intercellular Ca2+ homeostasis and attenuated Aβ25–35 neurotoxicity. Additionally, Aβ25–35-suppressed silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) activity was significantly reversed by resveratrol, resulting in the downregulation of Rho-associated kinase 1 (ROCK1). Our results clearly revealed that resveratrol significantly protected PC12 cells and inhibited the β-amyloid-induced cell apoptosis through the upregulation of SIRT1. Moreover, as a downstream signal molecule, ROCK1 was negatively regulated by SIRT1. Taken together, our study demonstrated that SIRT1-ROCK1 pathway played a critical role in the pathomechanism of AD.
Collapse
|
63
|
The pivotal role of TBK1 in inflammatory responses mediated by macrophages. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:979105. [PMID: 23304064 PMCID: PMC3523167 DOI: 10.1155/2012/979105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Revised: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex biological response of tissues to harmful stimuli such as pathogens, cell damage, or irritants. Inflammation is considered to be a major cause of most chronic diseases, especially in more than 100 types of inflammatory diseases which include Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, atherosclerosis, Crohn's disease, colitis, dermatitis, hepatitis, and Parkinson's disease. Recently, an increasing number of studies have focused on inflammatory diseases. TBK1 is a serine/threonine-protein kinase which regulates antiviral defense, host-virus interaction, and immunity. It is ubiquitously expressed in mouse stomach, colon, thymus, and liver. Interestingly, high levels of active TBK1 have also been found to be associated with inflammatory diseases, indicating that TBK1 is closely related to inflammatory responses. Even though relatively few studies have addressed the functional roles of TBK1 relating to inflammation, this paper discusses some recent findings that support the critical role of TBK1 in inflammatory diseases and underlie the necessity of trials to develop useful remedies or therapeutics that target TBK1 for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|