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Liu X, Ye F, Xiong H, Hu DN, Limb GA, Xie T, Peng L, Zhang P, Wei Y, Zhang W, Wang J, Wu H, Lee P, Song E, Zhang DY. IL-1β induces IL-6 production in retinal Müller cells predominantly through the activation of p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2015; 331:223-231. [PMID: 25239226 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
IL-6 plays an important role in various inflammatory ocular diseases, including diabetic retinopathy. Müller cells are the major source of inflammatory mediators, including IL-6, in the retina. However, the mechanism of regulating IL-6 production in these cells remains unclear. Examination of signaling pathways in human retinal Müller cells (MIO-M1 cell line) cultured with IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, VEGF, IFN-γ, glucose or mannitol showed that IL-1β was the most potent stimulator of IL-6 production. In addition, IL-1 β also increased NF-κB p50 protein level and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, ERK1/2 and c-Jun. Induction of IL-6 production by IL-1β was significantly reduced by addition of p38 MAPK (SB203580), MEK1/2 (U0126) or NF-κB (BAY11-7082) inhibitors, with the highest effect being observed with SB203580. To explore the specific elements in IL-6 promoter responsible for IL-1β-induction of IL-6 expression, a series of plasmids bearing various IL-6 promoter mutations were transiently expressed in MIO-MI cells cultured in the presence or absence of IL-1β (10ng/ml) and/or SB203580 (10µM). Results showed that IL-6 promoter activity of the parent pIL-6-Luc651 was significantly enhanced by IL-1β, but the level was significantly attenuated by SB203580. Furthermore, the IL-6 promoter activity was also reduced upon deletion of NF-κB, AP-1 or C/EBP binding sites, with NF-κB deletion being the greatest. These results are the first demonstration that IL-1β induces IL-6 production in Müller cells by activation of IL-6 promoter activity predominantly through the p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufen Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dan-Ning Hu
- Tissue Culture Center, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - G Astrid Limb
- Division of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of neurosurgery, The People׳s Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin 130021
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Pili Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yi Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Wiley Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Peng Lee
- Departments of Pathology, Urology, NYU Cancer Institute, New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - E Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; The Ophthalmology Hospital Affiliated Suzhou University, Jiangsu, Suzhou 215021, China.
| | - David Y Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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