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Garrido-Maestu A, Azinheiro S, Carvalho J, Abalde-Cela S, Carbó-Argibay E, Diéguez L, Piotrowski M, Kolen’ko YV, Prado M. Combination of Microfluidic Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification with Gold Nanoparticles for Rapid Detection of Salmonella spp. in Food Samples. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2159. [PMID: 29209283 PMCID: PMC5701617 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne diseases are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. According to the World Health Organization, there are 31 main global hazards, which caused in 2010 600 million foodborne illnesses and 420000 deaths. Among them, Salmonella spp. is one of the most important human pathogens, accounting for more than 90000 cases in Europe and even more in the United States per year. In the current study we report the development, and thorough evaluation in food samples, of a microfluidic system combining loop-mediated isothermal amplification with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). This system is intended for low-cost, in situ, detection of different pathogens, as the proposed methodology can be extrapolated to different microorganisms. A very low limit of detection (10 cfu/25 g) was obtained. Furthermore, the evaluation of spiked food samples (chicken, turkey, egg products), completely matched the expected results, as denoted by the index kappa of concordance (value of 1.00). The results obtained for the relative sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were of 100% as well as the positive and negative predictive values.
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Kumar Y, Bansal S, Jaiswal P. Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP): A Rapid and Sensitive Tool for Quality Assessment of Meat Products. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2017; 16:1359-1378. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Kumar
- ICAR-Central Inst. of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology (CIPHET); Ludhiana India
| | - Sangita Bansal
- ICAR-Central Inst. of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology (CIPHET); Ludhiana India
| | - Pranita Jaiswal
- ICAR-Central Inst. of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology (CIPHET); Ludhiana India
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Li Y, Yang L, Fu J, Yan M, Chen D, Zhang L. The novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification based confirmation methodology on the bacteria in Viable but Non-Culturable (VBNC) state. Microb Pathog 2017; 111:280-284. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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54
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Zhong H, Zhong Y, Deng Q, Zhou Z, Guan X, Yan M, Hu T, Luo M. Virulence of thermolable haemolysi tlh, gastroenteritis related pathogenicity tdh and trh of the pathogens Vibrio Parahemolyticus in Viable but Non-Culturable (VBNC) state. Microb Pathog 2017; 111:352-356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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55
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Lin Q, Xu P, Li J, Huang J, Chen Y, Deng S. Study on the excision and integration mediated by class 1 integron in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Microb Pathog 2017; 111:446-449. [PMID: 28923604 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
As a novel antibiotic resistance mobile element, integron was recognized as a primary source of antibiotic genes among Gram-positive organisms for its excision and integration of exogenous genes. In this study, Streptococcus pneumoniae was subjected to investigate the excision and integration of class 1 integron with eight different plasmids. As the results indicated, excision in both att site and gene cassettes were successfully observed, which was further confirmed by integration assays and PCR amplification. The observation of class 1 integron mediated excision and integration of various exogenous antibiotics resistance genes may raise the attention of integrons as novel antibiotic resistance determinant in Gram-positive bacteria, especially in Streptococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Lin
- Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Foshan 528315, China
| | - Pusheng Xu
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China.
| | - Jiaowu Li
- Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Foshan 528315, China
| | - Jinhua Huang
- Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Foshan 528315, China
| | - Yin Chen
- Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Foshan 528315, China
| | - Shuhuan Deng
- Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Foshan 528315, China
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Microbial pathogenicity and virulence mediated by integrons on Gram-positive microorganisms. Microb Pathog 2017; 111:481-486. [PMID: 28923605 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gram-positive microorganisms are one of leading pathogenic microorganisms in public health, including several typical "Super Bugs" as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase and vancomycin-resistant enterococci, which caused a increasement of infections, clinical failures and expenses. Regarded as a common genetic element responsible for horizontal gene transfer, integrons are widely distributed in various pathogens considered as a determinant in the acquisition and evolution of antibiotic resistance. Current investigations mainly focus on the distribution of integrons in Gram-negative microorganisms, while the role of integron in antibiotic resistance among Gram-positive microorganisms remains unclear and need investigation. To date, the surveillances of integrons in Gram-positive microorganism have been widely conducted in clinic, community even husbandry. China remains one of the worst country in antibiotics abuse worldwide and considered as a potential area for the prevalence of antimicrobial microorganisms and the occurrence of various 'Super Bugs'. Recently, the surveillance of the occurrence of integron and resistance gene cassettes was conducted in South China during the first 10 years of the 21st century. Referred to the surveillance in South China and other investigation in Asian countries, this review aims to summarize the occurrence, pathogenicity and virulence mediated by integrons in typical Gram-positive microorganisms (Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Corynebacterium and Streptococcus) and the role of integrons in antibiotic resistance.
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Liu J, Li L, Zhou L, Li B, Xu Z. Effect of ultrasound treatment conditions on Saccharomyces cerevisiae by response surface methodology. Microb Pathog 2017; 111:497-502. [PMID: 28919487 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effect of different ultrasound treatment conditions on the inactivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with the application of response surface methodology (RSM). METHODS Ultrasound treatment were applied on different concentrations of S. cerevisiae cells with different pH, temperature, ultrasound power, irradiating time, and pulse duty ratio. Cell viability was determined by plate counting method. Response surface methodology was used to analyze the correlation among various factors. RESULTS Limited with low ultrasound power, lower pH value slightly improved the ultrasound treatment efficiency. Also, higher nonlethal temperature and ultrasound power, longer irradiation time, and lower pulse duty ratio facilitated the inactivation of S. cerevisiae. Cell concentration had no effect on ultrasound efficiency. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound power played the most important role in the ultrasound irradiation process according to RSM analyses. Information derived from this study may aid in the control of the sublethal injury of S. cerevisiae during ultrasound treatment in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Lin Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Lizhen Zhou
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Bing Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Zhenbo Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Study on the excision and integration mediated by class 1 integron in Enterococcus faecalis. Microb Pathog 2017; 110:678-681. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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59
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Virulent and pathogenic features on the Cronobacter sakazakii polymyxin resistant pmr mutant strain s-3. Microb Pathog 2017; 110:359-364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Xu Z, Xu X, Qi D, Yang L, Li B, Li L, Li X, Chen D. Effect of aminoglycosides on the pathogenic characteristics of microbiology. Microb Pathog 2017; 113:357-364. [PMID: 28867624 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by pathogen remain to be one of the most important global health issues, and scientists are devoting themselves to seeking effective treatments. Aminoglycoside antibiotics are one kind of widely used antibiotics because of the good efficiency and broad antimicrobial-spectrum. However, it causes some unexpected effects on the pathogenic characteristics of microbiology during the treatment, such as drug resistance and biofilm promotion. Drug resistance is partly due to antibiotics abuse. Simultaneously, aminoglycoside is documented to make divergent effects on biofilm based on their concentrations. Here, we review the mechanism of drug resistance caused by long-term use of aminoglycoside antibiotics, the effects of antibiotic concentration on biofilm formation and the negative effects on intestinal flora to provide theoretical supports for rational use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbo Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Xingyong Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Da Qi
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, PR China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoxi Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Dingqiang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
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Xie J, Yang L, Peters BM, Chen L, Chen D, Li B, Li L, Yu G, Xu Z, Shirtliff ME. A 16-year retrospective surveillance report on the pathogenic features and antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from FAHJU in Guangzhou representative of Southern China. Microb Pathog 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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62
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Prevalence and methodologies for detection, characterization and subtyping of Listeria monocytogenes and L. ivanovii in foods and environmental sources. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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63
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Lin S, Yang L, Chen G, Li B, Chen D, Li L, Xu Z. Pathogenic features and characteristics of food borne pathogens biofilm: Biomass, viability and matrix. Microb Pathog 2017; 111:285-291. [PMID: 28803003 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm is a ubiquitous growth pattern of bacterial species survival but is notorious for its threat on public health and food contamination. Extensive studies of the biofilm structure, formation, quantification, quorum sensing system and underlying control strategies have been reported during the past decades. Insightful elucidation of the pathogenic features and characteristic of bacterial biofilm can facilitate in devising appropriate control strategies for biofilm eradication. Therefore, this review mainly summarized the pathogenic features of biofilms from food borne microorganisms, including the biomass (which could be quantified using crystal violet and fluorogenic dye Syto9 assays), viability (which could be determined by tetrazolium salts, fluorescein diacetate, resazurin staining and alamar blue assays) and matrix (which are commonly detected by dimethyl methylene blue and wheat germ agglutinin assays). In addition, three features were further compared with its particular benefits in specific application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Lin
- College of Food Sciences and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Gu Chen
- College of Food Sciences and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Bing Li
- College of Food Sciences and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Dingqiang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Lin Li
- College of Food Sciences and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Zhenbo Xu
- College of Food Sciences and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore MD 21201, United States.
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Bao X, Yang L, Chen L, Li B, Li L, Li Y, Xu Z. Analysis on pathogenic and virulent characteristics of the Cronobacter sakazakii strain BAA-894 by whole genome sequencing and its demonstration in basic biology science. Microb Pathog 2017; 109:280-286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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66
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Liu J, Li L, Li B, Peters BM, Deng Y, Xu Z, Shirtliff ME. Study on spoilage capability and VBNC state formation and recovery of Lactobacillus plantarum. Microb Pathog 2017; 110:257-261. [PMID: 28668605 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed at investigating the capability of L. plantarum strain BM-LP14723 to enter into and recover from the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state and to cause beer spoilage. METHODS VBNC state was induced by incubating in beer with subculturing or low temperature treatment. Culturable, total, and viable cells numbers were assessed by MRS agar plate counting, acridine orange direct counting, and Live/Dead BacLight bacterial viability kit, respectively. Organic acids concentrations were measured by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS VBNC L. plantarum cells were detected after 189 ± 1.9 days low temperature treatment or 29 ± 0.7 subcultures in beer. The VBNC L. plantarum retained spoilage capability. Addition of catalase is an effective method for the recovery of the VBNC L. plantarum cells. CONCLUSION L. plantarum strain BM-LP14723 is capable of entering into and recovery from the VBNC state and maintained spoilage capability. The current study presented that beer-spoilage L. plantarum can hide both in breweries and during transporting and marketing process and thus lead to beer-spoilage incidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Lin Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Brian M Peters
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Yang Deng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| | - Zhenbo Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Mark E Shirtliff
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Miao J, Chen L, Wang J, Wang W, Chen D, Li L, Li B, Deng Y, Xu Z. Evaluation and application of molecular genotyping on nosocomial pathogen-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Guangzhou representative of Southern China. Microb Pathog 2017; 107:397-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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68
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Wachiralurpan S, Sriyapai T, Areekit S, Kaewphinit T, Sriyapai P, Santiwatanakul S, Chansiri K. Development of a Rapid Screening Test for Listeria monocytogenes in Raw Chicken Meat Using Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) and Lateral Flow Dipstick (LFD). FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0949-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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69
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Liu J, Li L, Peters BM, Li B, Chen D, Xu Z, Shirtliff ME. Complete genome sequence and bioinformatics analyses of Bacillus thuringiensis strain BM-BT15426. Microb Pathog 2017; 108:55-60. [PMID: 28479507 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the genetic characteristics of Bacillus thuringiensis strain BM-BT15426. METHODS B. thuringiensis strain was identified by sequencing the PCR product (amplifying 16S rRNA gene) using ABI Prism 377 DNA Sequencer. The genome was sequenced using PacBio RS II sequencers and assembled de novo using HGAP. Also, further genome annotation was performed. RESULTS The genome of B. thuringiensis strain BM-BT15426 has a length of 5,246,329 bp and contains 5409 predicted genes with an average G + C content of 35.40%. Three genes were involved in the "Infectious diseases: Amoebiasis" pathway. A total of 21 virulence factors and 9 antibiotic resistant genes were identified. CONCLUSIONS The major pathogenic factors of B. thuringiensis strain BM-BT15426 were identified through complete genome sequencing and bioinformatics analyses which contributes to further study on pathogenic mechanism and phenotype of B. thuringiensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN 38163, USA
| | - Lin Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Brian M Peters
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN 38163, USA
| | - Bing Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Dingqiang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China.
| | - Zhenbo Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore MD 21201, USA.
| | - Mark E Shirtliff
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore MD 21201, USA
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Detection on integron carried gene cassettes from pathogens by loop mediated isothermal amplification assays. Microb Pathog 2017; 107:304-308. [PMID: 28392412 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a number of frequently detected gene cassettes from bacterial integrons have been detected and characterized by rapid and simple loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays. Six gene cassettes commonly found in class 1 integrons were studied, including dfrA12, dfrA17, aadA2, aadA5, orfF, and blaVIM2. Primers design, sensitivity, specificity, optimization of each LAMP assay, as well as application of the developed 6 individual LAMP assays on a large scale of bacteria, had been conducted. The optimal amplification was obtained with temperature as 65 °C, reaction time span as 45 min and volume as 25 μl. For application, 272 isolates with various gene cassettes yielded expectable positive amplicons and other 685 integron-negative bacteria showed negative results for the LAMP assays, totaling 100% detection rate and specificity.
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71
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Liu J, Li L, Li B, Peters BM, Deng Y, Xu Z, Shirtliff ME. First study on the formation and resuscitation of viable but nonculturable state and beer spoilage capability of Lactobacillus lindneri. Microb Pathog 2017; 107:219-224. [PMID: 28377233 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the spoilage capability of Lactobacillus lindneri during the induction and resuscitation of viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state. METHODS L. lindneri strain was identified by sequencing the PCR product (amplifying 16S rRNA gene) using ABI Prism 377 DNA Sequencer. During the VBNC state induction by low temperature storage and beer adaption, total, culturable, and viable cells were assessed by acridine orange direct counting, plate counting, and Live/Dead BacLight bacterial viability kit, respectively. Organic acids and diacetyl concentration were measured by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography and head dpace gas chromatography, respectively. RESULTS VBNC state of L. lindneri was successfully induced by both beer adaption and low temperature storage, and glycerol frozen stock was the optimal way to maintain the VBNC state. Addition of catalase was found to be an effective method for the resuscitation of VBNC L. lindneri cells. Furthermore, spoilage capability remained similar during the induction and resuscitation of VBNC L. lindneri. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of induction by low temperature storage and resuscitation of VBNC L. lindneri strain, as well as the first identification of spoilage capability of VBNC and resuscitated L. lindneri cells. This study indicated that the potential colonization of L. lindneri strain in brewery environment, formation and resuscitation of VBNC state, as well as maintenance in beer spoilage capability, may be an important risk factor for brewery environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN 38163, USA
| | - Lin Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Brian M Peters
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN 38163, USA
| | - Yang Deng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| | - Zhenbo Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore MD 21201, USA.
| | - Mark E Shirtliff
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore MD 21201, USA
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Li Y, Fan P, Zhou S, Zhang L. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP): A novel rapid detection platform for pathogens. Microb Pathog 2017; 107:54-61. [PMID: 28323152 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne bacterial infections and diseases have been considered to be a major threat for public health in the worldwide. Increased incidence of human diseases caused by foodborne pathogens have been correlated with growing world population and mobility. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has been regarded as an innovative gene amplification technology and emerged as an alternative to PCR-based methodologies in both clinical laboratory and food safety testing. Nowadays, LAMP has been applied to detection and identification on pathogens from microbial diseases, as it showed significant advantage in high sensitivity, specificity and rapidity. The high sensitivity of LAMP enables detection of the pathogens in sample materials even without time consuming sample preparation. An overview of LAMP mainly containing the development history, reaction principle and its application to four kind of foodborne pathogens detection are presented in this paper. As concluded, with the advantages of rapidity, simplicity, sensitivity, specificity and robustness, LAMP is capable of applications for clinical diagnosis as well as surveillance of infection diseases. Moreover, the main purpose of this paper is to provide theoretical basis for the clinical application of LAMP technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Li
- Department of Haematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, PR China.
| | - Penghui Fan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| | - Shishui Zhou
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, 382 Zhonghuan Road East, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Haematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, PR China.
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73
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Miao J, Liang Y, Chen L, Wang W, Wang J, Li B, Li L, Chen D, Xu Z. Formation and development ofStaphylococcusbiofilm: With focus on food safety. J Food Saf 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Miao
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Yanrui Liang
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Lequn Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Wenxin Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety; Guangzhou China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety; Guangzhou China
| | - Dingqiang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Zhenbo Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis; University of Maryland; Baltimore
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety; Guangzhou China
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74
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Current methodologies on genotyping for nosocomial pathogen methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Microb Pathog 2017; 107:17-28. [PMID: 28284852 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a common pathogen in hospitals and the community. As the rapid spread and wide distribution of antimicrobial resistance (such as MRSA), treatment for infectious diseases caused by microorganisms has become a vital threat. Thus, early identification and genotyping are essential for further therapeutic treatment and the control of rapid expansion of MRSA. In combination with applications and data feedbacks, this review focused on the currently available molecular-based assays on their utility and performance for rapid typing of MRSA, especially on effective molecular-based methods. Besides, a common mobile element SCCmec and prevalence of HA-MRSA, LA-MRSA and CA-MRSA were introduced in this review in order to provide a more complete profile of MRSA.
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75
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Yan M, Xu L, Jiang H, Zhou Z, Zhou S, Zhang L. PMA-LAMP for rapid detection of Escherichia coli and shiga toxins from viable but non-culturable state. Microb Pathog 2017; 105:245-250. [PMID: 28167125 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In exposure to outer pressure, microorganisms are capable of entry into the Viable But Non-Culturable (VBNC) state, and thus survive under various elimination processing. The survival microorganisms may yield negative results on culturing, and cause false negative for this golden standard methodology. In this study, a novel PMA-LAMP assay on the detection of Enterohemorrhage E. coli and shiga toxins has been developed and evaluated, with further application on a number of food borne E. coli strains. LAMP primers were designed on the target of rfbe for Enterohemorrhage E. coli and stx1with stx2 for shiga toxins. Via specific penetration through the damaged cell membrane of dead cells and intercalating into DNA, PMA could prevent DNA amplification of dead bacteria from LAMP, which enabled the differentiation of bacteria between VBNC state and dead state. The established PMA-LAMP showed significant advantage in rapidity, sensitivity and specificity, compared with regular PCR assay. The applicability had also been verified, demonstrating the PMA-LAMP was capable of detection on Enterohemorrhage E. coli and shiga toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muxia Yan
- Department of Haematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, PR China.
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Haematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, PR China.
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Haematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, PR China.
| | - Zhenwen Zhou
- Clinical Microbiogy, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, PR China.
| | - Shishui Zhou
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, 382 Zhonghuan Road East, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Haematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, PR China.
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76
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Yan M, Li W, Zhou Z, Peng H, Luo Z, Xu L. Direct detection of various pathogens by loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays on bacterial culture and bacterial colony. Microb Pathog 2016; 102:1-7. [PMID: 27836764 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, loop-mediated isothermal amplification based detection assay using bacterial culture and bacterial colony for various common pathogens direct detection had been established, evaluated and further applied. A total of five species of common pathogens and nine detection targets (tlh, tdh and trh for V. Parahaemolyticus, rfbE, stx1 and stx2 for E. coli, oprI for P. aeruginosa, invA for Salmonella and hylA for L. monocytogenes) were performed on bacterial culture and bacterial colony LAMP. To evaluate and optimize this assay, a total of 116 standard strains were included. Then, for each detected targets, 20 random selected strains were applied. Results were determined through both visual observation of the changed color by naked eye and electrophoresis, which increased the accuracy of survey. The minimum adding quantity of each primer had been confirmed, and the optimal amplification was obtained under 65 °C for 45 min with 25 μl reaction volume. The detection limit of bacterial culture LAMP and PCR assay were determined to be 102 and 104 or 105 CFU/reaction, respectively. No false positive amplification was observed when subjecting the bacterial -LAMP assay to 116 reference strains. This was the first report of colony-LAMP and culture-LAMP assay, which had been demonstrated to be a fast, reliable, cost-effective and simple method on detection of various common pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muxia Yan
- Department of Haematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China.
| | - Weidong Li
- PICU and Neonatology, Xiao Lan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China.
| | - Zhenwen Zhou
- Clinical Microbiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China.
| | - Hongxia Peng
- Department of Haematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China.
| | - Ziyan Luo
- Department of Haematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China.
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Haematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China.
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77
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Cao C, Zhang F, Ji M, Pei F, Fan X, Shen H, Wang Q, Yang W, Wang Y. Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for rapid detection of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B. Toxicon 2016; 117:53-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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78
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Zhong Q, Tian J, Wang B, Wang L. PMA based real-time fluorescent LAMP for detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in viable but nonculturable state. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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79
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The Novel Multiple Inner Primers-Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (MIP-LAMP) for Rapid Detection and Differentiation of Listeria monocytogenes. Molecules 2015; 20:21515-31. [PMID: 26633345 PMCID: PMC6332088 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, a novel model of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), termed multiple inner primers-LAMP (MIP-LAMP), was devised and successfully applied to detect Listeria monocytogenes. A set of 10 specific MIP-LAMP primers, which recognized 14 different regions of target gene, was designed to target a sequence in the hlyA gene. The MIP-LAMP assay efficiently amplified the target element within 35 min at 63 °C and was evaluated for sensitivity and specificity. The templates were specially amplified in the presence of the genomic DNA from L. monocytogenes. The limit of detection (LoD) of MIP-LAMP assay was 62.5 fg/reaction using purified L. monocytogenes DNA. The LoD for DNA isolated from serial dilutions of L. monocytogenes cells in buffer and in milk corresponded to 2.4 CFU and 24 CFU, respectively. The amplified products were analyzed by real-time monitoring of changes in turbidity, and visualized by adding Loop Fluorescent Detection Reagent (FD), or as a ladder-like banding pattern on gel electrophoresis. A total of 48 pork samples were investigated for L. monocytogenes by the novel MIP-LAMP method, and the diagnostic accuracy was shown to be 100% when compared to the culture-biotechnical method. In conclusion, the MIP-LAMP methodology was demonstrated to be a reliable, sensitive and specific tool for rapid detection of L. monocytogenes strains.
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80
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Deng Y, Bao X, Ji L, Chen L, Liu J, Miao J, Chen D, Bian H, Li Y, Yu G. Resistance integrons: class 1, 2 and 3 integrons. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2015; 14:45. [PMID: 26487554 PMCID: PMC4618277 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-015-0100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As recently indiscriminate abuse of existing antibiotics in both clinical and veterinary treatment leads to proliferation of antibiotic resistance in microbes and poses a dilemma for the future treatment of such bacterial infection, antimicrobial resistance has been considered to be one of the currently leading concerns in global public health, and reported to widely spread and extended to a large variety of microorganisms. In China, as one of the currently worst areas for antibiotics abuse, the annual prescription of antibiotics, including both clinical and veterinary treatment, has approaching 140 gram per person and been roughly estimated to be 10 times higher than that in the United Kingdom, which is considered to be a potential area for the emergence of “Super Bugs”. Based on the integrons surveillance in Guangzhou, China in the past decade, this review thus aimed at summarizing the role of integrons in the perspective of both clinical setting and environment, with the focus on the occurrence and prevalence of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Deng
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Xuerui Bao
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Lili Ji
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- Institute of Agro-products Processing, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Junyan Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Jian Miao
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Dingqiang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Huawei Bian
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Yanmei Li
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510620, China.
| | - Guangchao Yu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510620, China.
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81
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Cheng N, Xu Y, Yan X, Shang Y, Zhu P, Tian W, Liang Z, Xu W. An Advanced Visual Qualitative and EVA Green-Based Quantitative Isothermal Amplification Method to Detect L
isteria Monocytogenes. J Food Saf 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Cheng
- Laboratory of Food Safety; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Yuancong Xu
- Laboratory of Food Safety; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Xinghua Yan
- Laboratory of Food Safety; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Ying Shang
- Laboratory of Food Safety; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Pengyu Zhu
- Laboratory of Food Safety; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Wenying Tian
- Laboratory of Food Safety; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Zhihong Liang
- Laboratory of Food Safety; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Laboratory of Food Safety; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100083 China
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82
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Rapid and Sensitive Isothermal Detection of Nucleic-acid Sequence by Multiple Cross Displacement Amplification. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11902. [PMID: 26154567 PMCID: PMC4648395 DOI: 10.1038/srep11902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We have devised a novel amplification strategy based on isothermal strand-displacement polymerization reaction, which was termed multiple cross displacement amplification (MCDA). The approach employed a set of ten specially designed primers spanning ten distinct regions of target sequence and was preceded at a constant temperature (61-65 °C). At the assay temperature, the double-stranded DNAs were at dynamic reaction environment of primer-template hybrid, thus the high concentration of primers annealed to the template strands without a denaturing step to initiate the synthesis. For the subsequent isothermal amplification step, a series of primer binding and extension events yielded several single-stranded DNAs and single-stranded single stem-loop DNA structures. Then, these DNA products enabled the strand-displacement reaction to enter into the exponential amplification. Three mainstream methods, including colorimetric indicators, agarose gel electrophoresis and real-time turbidity, were selected for monitoring the MCDA reaction. Moreover, the practical application of the MCDA assay was successfully evaluated by detecting the target pathogen nucleic acid in pork samples, which offered advantages on quick results, modest equipment requirements, easiness in operation, and high specificity and sensitivity. Here we expounded the basic MCDA mechanism and also provided details on an alternative (Single-MCDA assay, S-MCDA) to MCDA technique.
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83
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Birmpa A, Kalogeropoulos K, Kokkinos P, Vantarakis A. Evaluation of Two Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification Methods for the Detection of Salmonella Enteritidis and Listeria Monocytogenes in Artificially Contaminated Ready-to-Eat Fresh Produce. Ital J Food Saf 2015; 4:5383. [PMID: 27800413 PMCID: PMC5076642 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2015.5383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the effectiveness of two loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays was evaluated. Samples of romaine lettuce, strawberries, cherry tomatoes, green onions and sour berries were inoculated with known dilutions (100-108 CFU/g of produce) of S. Enteritidis and L. monocytogenes. With LAMP, assay pathogens can be detected in less than 60 min. The limits of detection of S. Enteritidis and L. monocytogenes depended on the food sample tested and on the presence of enrichment step. After enrichment steps, all food samples were found positive even at low initial pathogen levels. The developed LAMP, assays, are expected to become a valuable, robust, innovative, powerful, cheap and fast monitoring tool, which can be extensively used for routine analysis, and screening of contaminated foods by the food industry and the Public Food Health Authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Apostolos Vantarakis
- Environmental Microbiology Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Patras, Greece
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84
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Ye L, Li Y, Zhao J, Zhang Z, Meng H, Yan H, Miyoshi SI, Shi L. Development of a real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the sensitive and rapid detection of Listeria monocytogenes. Lett Appl Microbiol 2015; 61:85-90. [PMID: 25868481 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RealAmp) assay for the detection of Listeria was developed. The RealAmp assay, using primers specific for the hemolysin-encoding hlyA gene, was verified using Listeria monocytogenes strains (n = 58) from different regions of the world. Both the sensitivity and specificity of the RealAmp assay were high. The RealAmp assay could detect 10(3) CFU ml(-1) within 30 min. A comparative evaluation of the RealAmp assay, the API Listeria assay, and the real-time PCR assay revealed that the RealAmp assay is simpler, faster, and has a higher specificity than the other two assays. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Conventional culture and molecular detection methods are always time consuming and require a specific laboratory infrastructure, thereby restricting their use for the rapid detection and diagnosis of pathogens. A real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RealAmp) assay performed by ESEtube scanner to rapidly detect Listeria monocytogenes isolated from food was developed. The results showed that the RealAmp assay using the tube scanner was more efficient and precise than the conventional API Listeria assay and the real-time PCR assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ye
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Zhao
- College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
| | - Z Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products, Xiamen Yinxiang Group Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - H Meng
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - H Yan
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - S-I Miyoshi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, Japan
| | - L Shi
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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85
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Ma A, Li D, Ye C. Rapid and sensitive detection of Listeria monocytogenes by cross-priming amplification of lmo0733 gene. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2015; 361:43-51. [PMID: 25273275 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen that causes severe opportunistic infection in humans and animals. This study reports the development of single cross-priming amplification (S-CPA) and double CPA (D-CPA) assays targeting species-specific gene lmo0733 for identifying L. monocytogenes strains. The CPA assays were performed at a constant temperature 64 °C using seven specific primers and evaluated for specificity and sensitivity. The color change of positive amplification was directly observed by Loopamp® Fluorescent Detection Reagent (FD), and the DNA products were visualized as a ladder-like banding pattern on 2.5% gel electrophoresis. Moreover, the positive reactions were also detected by real-time measurement of turbidity. 50 L. monocytogenes and 46 non-L. monocytogenes strains were used for the method verification, and the specificity was 100%. The limit of detection (LoD) of the S-CPA and D-CPA assays was 2.5 pg DNA per reaction and 10-fold more sensitive than PCR. A total of 60 pork samples were tested for L. monocytogenes using the S-CPA assay developed in the study, and the accuracy of the S-CPA and the culture-biotechnical method was 100% identical. The results suggested that the S-CPA assay was a rapid, sensitive, and valuable tool for detection of L. monocytogenes in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Changping, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Changping, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aijing Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Changping, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongxun Li
- Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Changyun Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Changping, Beijing, China .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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86
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Xu H, Dai H, Meng S, Ye C. Rapid and sensitive detection of Listeria ivanovii by loop-mediated isothermal amplification of the smcL gene. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115868. [PMID: 25549337 PMCID: PMC4280119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for rapid and sensitive detection of the L. ivanovii strains had been developed and evaluated in this study. Oligonucleotide primers specific for L. ivanovii species were designed corresponding to smcL gene sequences. The primers set comprise six primers targeting eight regions on the species-specific gene smcL. The LAMP assay could be completed within 1 h at 64°C in a water bath. Amplification products were directly observed by the Loopamp Fluorescent Detection Reagent (FD) or detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. Moreover, the LAMP reactions were also detected by real-time measurement of turbidity. The exclusivity of 77 non-L. ivanovii and the inclusivity of 17 L. ivanovii were both 100% in the assay. Sensitivity of the LAMP assay was 250 fg DNA and 16 CFU per reaction for detection of L. ivanovii in pure cultures and simulated human stool. The LAMP assay was 10 and 100-fold more sensitive than quantitative PCR (qPCR) and conventional PCR assays,respectively. When applied to human stool samples spiked with low level (8 CFU/0.5 g) of L. ivanovii strains, the new LAMP assay described here achieved positive detection after 6 hours enrichment. In conclusion, the new LAMP assay in this study can be used as a valuable, rapid and sensitive detection tool for the detection of L. ivanovii in field, medical and veterinary laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Changbai Road 155, Changping, Beijing, 102206, PR China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Changbai Road 155, Changping, Beijing, 102206, PR China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Huaqing Xu
- Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Hang Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Changbai Road 155, Changping, Beijing, 102206, PR China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shuang Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Changbai Road 155, Changping, Beijing, 102206, PR China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Changyun Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Changbai Road 155, Changping, Beijing, 102206, PR China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, PR China
- * E-mail:
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Deng J, Pei J, Gou H, Ye Z, Liu C, Chen J. Rapid and simple detection of Japanese encephalitis virus by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with a lateral flow dipstick. J Virol Methods 2014; 213:98-105. [PMID: 25512133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a major cause of viral encephalitis in geographical areas, such as Asia and Western Pacific, where it is a threat to human and animal health. To control this disease, it is necessary to develop a rapid, simple, accurate method for diagnosis. In this study, a method based on reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) coupled with a lateral flow dipstick (LFD) has been developed to detect JEV (JEV RT-LAMP-LFD). The entire assay can be completed within 70 min, and in this study, no false positive results were observed when other pathogens were tested, indicating that the assay is a highly specific method for the detection of JEV. Additionally, the sensitivity of the RT-LAMP-LFD assay for SA14-14-2 strain was 50 pg of RNA, which was similar to that of RT-PCR and RT-LAMP combined with gel electrophoresis, and was 10-fold more sensitive than RT-LAMP combined with calcein. The limit of detection for this assay was 5 pg of RNA. In addition, no false positive results were obtained with 14 serum samples. Our results indicate that this RT-LAMP-LFD assay will be of great value for JEV infection testing due to its rapid and highly specific and sensitive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Pei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongchao Gou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuodong Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuicui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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88
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Loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays for screening of bacterial integrons. Biol Res 2014; 47:53. [PMID: 25418445 PMCID: PMC4222780 DOI: 10.1186/0717-6287-47-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The occurrence and prevalence of integrons in clinical microorganisms and their role played in antimicrobial resistance have been well studied recently. As screening and detection of integrons are concerned, current diagnostic methodologies are restricted by significant drawbacks and novel methods are required for integrons detection. Results In this study, three loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays targeting on class 1, 2 and 3 integrons were implemented and evaluated. Optimization of these detection assays were performed, including studing on the reaction temperature, volume, time, sensitivity and specificity (both primers and targets). Application of the established LAMP assays were further verified on a total of 1082 isolates (previously identified to be 397 integron-positive and 685 integron-negative strains). According to the results, the indispensability of each primer had been confirmed and the optimal reaction temperature, volume and time were found to be 65°C, 45 min and 25 μL, respectively. As application was concerned, 361, 28 and 8 isolates carrying intI1, intI2 and intI3 yielded positive amplicons, respectively. Other 685 integron-negative bacteria were negative for the integron-screening LAMP assays, totaling the detection rate and specificity to be 100%. Conclusions The intI1-, intI2- and intI3-LAMP assays established in this study were demonstrated to be the valid and rapid detection methodologies for the screening of bacterial integrons.
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89
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Development of Double Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification to Detect Listeria monocytogenes in Food. Curr Microbiol 2014; 69:839-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-014-0661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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90
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Cho AR, Dong HJ, Seo KH, Cho S. Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detecting Listeria monocytogenes prfA in milk. Food Sci Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-014-0064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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91
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Su J, Liu X, Cui H, Li Y, Chen D, Li Y, Yu G. Rapid and simple detection of methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus by orfX loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. BMC Biotechnol 2014; 14:8. [PMID: 24456841 PMCID: PMC3902190 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-14-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become one of the most prevalent pathogens responsible for nosocomial infections throughout the world. As clinical MRSA diagnosis is concerned, current diagnostic methodologies are restricted by significant drawbacks and novel methods are required for MRSA detection. This study aimed at developing a simple loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay targeting on orfX for the rapid detection of methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Results The protocol was designed by targeting orfX, a highly conserved open reading frame in S. aureus. One hundred and sixteen reference strains, including 52 Gram-positive and 64 Gram-negative isolates, were included for evaluation and optimization of the orfX-LAMP assay. This assay had been further performed on 667 Staphylococcus (566 MRSA, 25 MSSA, 53 MRCNS and 23 MSCNS) strains and were comparatively validated by PCR assay using primers F3 and B3, with rapid template DNA processing, simple equipments (water bath) and direct result determination (both naked eye and under UV light) applied. The indispensability of each primer had been confirmed, and the optimal amplification was obtained under 65°C for 45 min. The 25 μl reactant was found to be the most cost-efficient volume, and the detection limit was determined to be 10 DNA copies and 10 CFU/reaction. High specificity was observed when orfX-LAMP assay was subjected to 116 reference strains. For application, 557 (98.4%, 557/566) and 519 (91.7%, 519/566) tested strains had been detected positive by LAMP and PCR assays. The detection rate, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of orfX-LAMP were 98.4%, 100% and 92.7% respectively. Conclusions The established orfX-LAMP assay had been demonstrated to be a valid and rapid detection method on MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dingqiang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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92
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da Costa APR, de Lira Nunes M, Mendes-Marques CL, de Almeida AMP, Leal NC. Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) for the Detection of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> and Major Pathogenic Serotypes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2014.516112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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93
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Niessen L, Luo J, Denschlag C, Vogel RF. The application of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) in food testing for bacterial pathogens and fungal contaminants. Food Microbiol 2013; 36:191-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2013.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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94
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Zhao X, Chen X, Zhang Y, He X, Li W, Shi L, Chen X, Xu Z, Zhong N, Ji G, Yang L, Wang J. Development and evaluation of reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Indian J Med Microbiol 2013. [PMID: 23183461 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.103757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to establish a reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) method for rapid detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). MATERIALS AND METHODS The HIV-1 integrase gene region was selected because it was a conserved part of the HIV-1 genome. Six primers specific to eight regions of the HIV-1 integrase gene were designed. A total of 171 samples (18 HIV-1 confirmed positive samples and 153 serum specimens were collected in this study) were tested by RT-LAMP and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). After amplification in an isothermal water bath for 45 min, samples containing HIV-1 generated the expected ladder-like products while other viruses generated no product. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity of the RT-LAMP assay were evaluated by comparison with RT-PCR. The assay was significantly more sensitive than normal gel-based RT-PCR. CONCLUSION Because it is specific and simple, the RT-LAMP assay can be widely applied in clinical laboratories for rapid detection of HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihong Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073; College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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95
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Wan C, Yang Y, Xu H, Aguilar ZP, Liu C, Lai W, Xiong Y, Xu F, Wei H. Development of a propidium monoazide treatment combined with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (PMA-LAMP) assay for rapid detection of viableListeria monocytogenes. Int J Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2012.03123.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Youjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Nanchang University; Nanchang; 330047; China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Nanchang University; Nanchang; 330047; China
| | | | - Chunmei Liu
- Wuxi Zodolabs Biotech Co. Ltd; Wuxi; 214174; China
| | - Weihua Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Nanchang University; Nanchang; 330047; China
| | - Yonghua Xiong
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute; Nanchang; 330047; China
| | - Feng Xu
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute; Nanchang; 330047; China
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Nanchang University; Nanchang; 330047; China
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96
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Gandelman O, Jackson R, Kiddle G, Tisi L. Loop-mediated amplification accelerated by stem primers. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:9108-24. [PMID: 22272122 PMCID: PMC3257119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12129108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Isothermal nucleic acid amplifications (iNAATs) have become an important alternative to PCR for in vitro molecular diagnostics in all fields. Amongst iNAATs Loop-mediated amplification (LAMP) has gained much attention over the last decade because of the simplicity of hardware requirements. LAMP demonstrates performance equivalent to that of PCR, but its application has been limited by the challenging primer design. The design of six primers in LAMP requires a selection of eight priming sites with significant restrictions imposed on their respective positioning and orientation. In order to relieve primer design constraints we propose an alternative approach which uses Stem primers instead of Loop primers and demonstrate the application of STEM-LAMP in assaying for Clostridium difficile, Listeria monocytogenes and HIV. Stem primers used in LAMP in combination with loop-generating and displacement primers gave significant benefits in speed and sensitivity, similar to those offered by Loop primers, while offering additional options of forward and reverse orientations, multiplexing, use in conjunction with Loop primers or even omission of one or two displacement primers, where necessary. Stem primers represent a valuable alternative to Loop primers and an additional tool for IVD assay development by offering more choices for primer design at the same time increasing assay speed, sensitivity, and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Gandelman
- Lumora Ltd., Unit 4, Cambridgeshire Business Park, Bartholomews Walk, Ely, Cambridgeshire CB7 4EA, UK.
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