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Fan YY, Avery LB, Wang M, O'Hara DM, Leung S, Neubert H. Tissue expression profile of human neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) in Tg32 transgenic mice. MAbs 2016; 8:848-53. [PMID: 27104806 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1178436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is a homeostatic receptor responsible for prolonging immunoglobulin G (IgG) half-life by protecting it from lysosomal degradation and recycling it to systemic circulation. Tissue-specific FcRn expression is a critical parameter in physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling for translational pharmacokinetics of Fc-containing biotherapeutics. Using online peptide immuno-affinity chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry, we established a quantitative FcRn tissue protein expression profile in human FcRn (hFcRn) transgenic mice, Tg32 homozygous and hemizygous strains. The concentration of hFcRn across 14 tissues ranged from 3.5 to 111.2 pmole per gram of tissue. Our hFcRn quantification data from Tg32 mice will enable a more refined PBPK model to improve the accuracy of human PK predictions for Fc-containing biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Yun Fan
- a Pharmacokinetics Dynamics & Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., Worldwide Research & Development , Andover , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Lindsay B Avery
- a Pharmacokinetics Dynamics & Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., Worldwide Research & Development , Andover , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- a Pharmacokinetics Dynamics & Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., Worldwide Research & Development , Andover , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Denise M O'Hara
- a Pharmacokinetics Dynamics & Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., Worldwide Research & Development , Andover , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Sheldon Leung
- a Pharmacokinetics Dynamics & Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., Worldwide Research & Development , Andover , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Hendrik Neubert
- a Pharmacokinetics Dynamics & Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., Worldwide Research & Development , Andover , Massachusetts , USA
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52
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Fan YY, Neubert H. Quantitative Analysis of Human Neonatal Fc Receptor (FcRn) Tissue Expression in Transgenic Mice by Online Peptide Immuno-Affinity LC-HRMS. Anal Chem 2016; 88:4239-47. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Yun Fan
- Pharmacokinetics Dynamics & Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., 1 Burtt Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Hendrik Neubert
- Pharmacokinetics Dynamics & Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., 1 Burtt Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
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53
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Martins JP, Kennedy PJ, Santos HA, Barrias C, Sarmento B. A comprehensive review of the neonatal Fc receptor and its application in drug delivery. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 161:22-39. [PMID: 27016466 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the understanding of neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) biology and function have demonstrated that this receptor, primarily identified for the transfer of passive immunity from mother infant, is involved in several biological and immunological processes. In fact, FcRn is responsible for the long half-life of IgG and albumin in the serum, by creating an intracellular protein reservoir, which is protected from lysosomal degradation and, importantly, trafficked across the cell. Such discovery has led researchers to hypothesize the role for this unique receptor in the controlled delivery of therapeutic agents. A great amount of FcRn-based strategies are already under extensive investigation, in which FcRn reveals to have profound impact on the biodistribution and half-life extension of therapeutic agents. This review summarizes the main findings on FcRn biology, function and distribution throughout different tissues, together with the main advances on the FcRn-based therapeutic opportunities and model systems, which indicate that this receptor is a potential target for therapeutic regimen modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Martins
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo 228, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrick J Kennedy
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo 228, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; Ipatimup - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, FI -00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cristina Barrias
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; CESPU - Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde and Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
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54
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Buckley ST, Hubálek F, Rahbek UL. Chemically modified peptides and proteins - critical considerations for oral delivery. Tissue Barriers 2016; 4:e1156805. [PMID: 27358754 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2016.1156805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous approaches have been explored to date in the pursuit of delivering peptides or proteins via the oral route. One such example is chemical modification, whereby the native structure of a peptide or protein is tailored to provide a more efficient uptake across the epithelial barrier of the gastrointestinal tract via incorporation of a chemical motif or moiety. In this regard, a diverse array of concepts have been reported, ranging from the exploitation of endogenous transport mechanisms to incorporation of physicochemical modifications in the molecule, which promote more favorable interactions with the absorptive membrane at the cell surface. This review provides an overview of the modification technologies described in the literature and offers insights into some pragmatic considerations pertaining to their translation into clinically viable concepts.
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Foss S, Grevys A, Sand KMK, Bern M, Blundell P, Michaelsen TE, Pleass RJ, Sandlie I, Andersen JT. Enhanced FcRn-dependent transepithelial delivery of IgG by Fc-engineering and polymerization. J Control Release 2015; 223:42-52. [PMID: 26718855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal IgG antibodies (Abs) are used extensively in the clinic to treat cancer and autoimmune diseases. In addition, therapeutic proteins are genetically fused to the constant Fc part of IgG. In both cases, the Fc secures a long serum half-life and favourable pharmacokinetics due to its pH-dependent interaction with the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). FcRn also mediates transport of intact IgG across polarized epithelial barriers, a pathway that is attractive for delivery of Fc-containing therapeutics. So far, no study has thoroughly compared side-by-side how IgG and different Fc-fusion formats are transported across human polarizing epithelial cells. Here, we used an in vitro cellular transport assay based on the human polarizing epithelial cell line (T84) in which both IgG1 and Fc-fusions were transported in an FcRn-dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that the efficacy of transport was dependent on the format. We demonstrate that transepithelial delivery could be enhanced by Fc-engineering for improved FcRn binding as well as by Fc-polymerization. In both cases, transport was driven by pH-dependent binding kinetics and the pH at the luminal side. Hence, efficient transcellular delivery of IgG-based drugs across human epithelial cells requires optimal pH-dependent FcRn binding that can be manipulated by avidity and Fc-engineering, factors that should inspire the design of future therapeutics targeted for transmucosal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stian Foss
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0316, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology and CIR, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, N-0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Algirdas Grevys
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0316, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology and CIR, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, N-0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kine Marita Knudsen Sand
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0316, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology and CIR, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, N-0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Malin Bern
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0316, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology and CIR, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, N-0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pat Blundell
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Terje E Michaelsen
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Department of Chemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Richard J Pleass
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Inger Sandlie
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0316, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology and CIR, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, N-0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0316, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology and CIR, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, N-0372, Oslo, Norway.
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The neonatal Fc receptor, FcRn, as a target for drug delivery and therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 91:109-24. [PMID: 25703189 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG)-based drugs are arguably the most successful class of protein therapeutics due in part to their remarkably long blood circulation. This arises from IgG interaction with the neonatal Fc receptor, FcRn. FcRn is the central regulator of IgG and albumin homeostasis throughout life and is increasingly being recognized as an important player in autoimmune disease, mucosal immunity, and tumor immune surveillance. Various engineering approaches that hijack or disrupt the FcRn-mediated transport pathway have been devised to develop long-lasting and non-invasive protein therapeutics, protein subunit vaccines, and therapeutics for treatment of autoimmune and infectious disease. In this review, we highlight the diverse biological functions of FcRn, emerging therapeutic opportunities, as well as the associated challenges of targeting FcRn for drug delivery and disease therapy.
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57
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Zhang WD, Wang WH, Jia S. Distribution of immunoglobulin G antibody secretory cells in small intestine of Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus). BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:222. [PMID: 26303329 PMCID: PMC4547423 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To explore the morphological evidence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) participating in intestinal mucosal immunity, 8 healthy adult Bactrian camels used. First, IgG was successfully isolated from their serum and rabbit antibody against Bactrian camels IgG was prepared. The IgG antibody secretory cells (ASCs) in small intestine were particularly observed through immumohistochemical staining, then after were analyzed by statistical methods. Results The results showed that the IgG ASCs were scattered in the lamina propria (LP) and some of them aggregated around of the intestinal glands. The IgG ASCs density was the highest from middle segment of duodenum to middle segment of jejunum, and then in ended segment of jejunum and initial segment of ileum, the lowest was in initial segment of duodenum, in middle and ended segment of ileum. Conclusions It was demonstrated that the IgG ASCs mainly scattered in the effector sites of the mucosal immunity, though the density of IgG ASCs was different in different segment of small intestine. Moreover, this scatted distribution characteristic would provide a morphology basis for research whether IgG form a full-protection and immune surveillance in mucosal immunity homeostasis of integral intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Dong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| | - Wen-Hui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| | - Shuai Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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58
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Sand KMK, Bern M, Nilsen J, Noordzij HT, Sandlie I, Andersen JT. Unraveling the Interaction between FcRn and Albumin: Opportunities for Design of Albumin-Based Therapeutics. Front Immunol 2015; 5:682. [PMID: 25674083 PMCID: PMC4306297 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) was first found to be responsible for transporting antibodies of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) class from the mother to the fetus or neonate as well as for protecting IgG from intracellular catabolism. However, it has now become apparent that the same receptor also binds albumin and plays a fundamental role in homeostatic regulation of both IgG and albumin, as FcRn is expressed in many different cell types and organs at diverse body sites. Thus, to gain a complete understanding of the biological function of each ligand, and also their distribution in the body, an in-depth characterization of how FcRn binds and regulates the transport of both ligands is necessary. Importantly, such knowledge is also relevant when developing new drugs, as IgG and albumin are increasingly utilized in therapy. This review discusses our current structural and biological understanding of the relationship between FcRn and its ligands, with a particular focus on albumin and design of albumin-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kine Marita Knudsen Sand
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway ; Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway
| | - Malin Bern
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway ; Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway
| | - Jeannette Nilsen
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway ; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Hanna Theodora Noordzij
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway ; Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway
| | - Inger Sandlie
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway ; Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway
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59
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Cooper PR, Kliwinski CM, Perkinson RA, Ragwan E, Mabus JR, Powers GD, Dorai H, Giles-Komar J, Hornby PJ. The contribution of cell surface FcRn in monoclonal antibody serum uptake from the intestine in suckling rat pups. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:225. [PMID: 25339905 PMCID: PMC4188031 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) in intestinal epithelium is the primary mechanism for transfer of maternal immunoglobulin G (IgG) from suckled milk to serum; but the factors contributing to the rapid uptake of IgG are poorly understood. These studies help to determine the contribution of cell surface FcRn in IgG uptake in 2-week-old rat pups by varying local pH and binding conditions. Variants of a human wild-type (WT) IgG monoclonal antibody (mAb WT) were assessed for binding affinity (KD) to rat (r)FcRn at pH 6.0 and subsequent off-rate at pH 7.4 (1/s) by surface plasmon resonance. Selected mAbs were administered intra-intestinally in isoflurane-anesthetized 2-week rat pups. Full length mAb in serum was quantified by immunoassay, (r)FcRn mRNA expression by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and mAb epithelial localization was visualized by immunohistochemistry. After duodenal administration, serum levels of mAb variants correlated with their rFcRn off-rate at pH 7.4, but not their affinity at pH 6.0. The greatest serum levels of IgG were measured when mAb was administered in the duodenum where rFcRn mRNA expression is greatest, and was increased further by duodenal administration in pH 6.0 buffer. More intense human IgG immunostaining was detected in epithelium than the same variant administered at higher pH. These data suggest an increased contribution for cell surface receptor. We conclude that, in the neonate duodenum, receptor off-rates are as important as affinities for FcRn mediated uptake, and cell surface binding of IgG to rFcRn plays contributes to IgG uptake alongside pinocytosis; both of which responsible for increased IgG uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R Cooper
- Biologics Research, Janssen R&D - Johnson & Johnson, Biotechnology Center of Excellence Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Connie M Kliwinski
- Biologics Pharmacology and Toxicology, Janssen R&D - Johnson & Johnson, Biotechnology Center of Excellence Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Robert A Perkinson
- Biologics Research, Janssen R&D - Johnson & Johnson, Biotechnology Center of Excellence Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Edwin Ragwan
- Biologics Research, Janssen R&D - Johnson & Johnson, Biotechnology Center of Excellence Spring House, PA, USA
| | - John R Mabus
- Biologics Research, Janssen R&D - Johnson & Johnson, Biotechnology Center of Excellence Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Gordon D Powers
- Biologics Research, Janssen R&D - Johnson & Johnson, Biotechnology Center of Excellence Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Haimanti Dorai
- Biologics Research, Janssen R&D - Johnson & Johnson, Biotechnology Center of Excellence Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Jill Giles-Komar
- Biologics Research, Janssen R&D - Johnson & Johnson, Biotechnology Center of Excellence Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Pamela J Hornby
- Biologics Research, Janssen R&D - Johnson & Johnson, Biotechnology Center of Excellence Spring House, PA, USA
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60
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Gupta S, Pegu P, Venzon DJ, Gach JS, Ma ZM, Landucci G, Miller CJ, Franchini G, Forthal DN. Enhanced in vitro transcytosis of simian immunodeficiency virus mediated by vaccine-induced antibody predicts transmitted/founder strain number after rectal challenge. J Infect Dis 2014; 211:45-52. [PMID: 24850790 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The time to acquisition of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection following low-dose repeated rectal challenge correlated inversely with the number of transmitted/founder strains among macaques vaccinated with ALVAC-SIV/gp120 or gp120 alone. We determined if the ability of postvaccination, prechallenge sera to enhance SIVmac251 transcytosis across epithelial cells was associated with transmitted/founder strain number. METHODS Transcytosis was carried out by exposing sera and SIVmac251 to the apical surface of human endometrial carcinoma (HEC-1A) cells at pH 6.0 and 12 hours later quantifying virus in fluid bathing the basolateral cell surface (maintained at pH 7.4). These conditions allow Fc neonatal receptor (FcRn)-dependent shuttling of virus across cells. RESULTS There was a strong correlation between the amount of virus transcytosed and number of transmitted variants (R = 0.86, P < .0001). We also found that 4 animals who remained uninfected after repeated rectal challenges had lower serum transcytosis activity than did 19 animals who subsequently became infected (P = .003). Using immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated FcRn on columnar epithelial cells facing the lumen of the macaque rectum. CONCLUSIONS Vaccine-induced antibody capable of enhancing transcytosis in vitro via FcRn may play a role in determining transmitted/founder strain number and infection outcomes following in vivo challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Gupta
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine
| | - Poonam Pegu
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccine Section
| | - David J Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Johannes S Gach
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine
| | | | - Gary Landucci
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine
| | - Christopher J Miller
- Center for Comparative Medicine Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis
| | | | - Donald N Forthal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine
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61
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Uno Y, Utoh M, Iwasaki K. Polymorphisms of neonatal Fc receptor in cynomolgus and rhesus macaques. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2014; 29:427-30. [PMID: 24806819 DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-14-nt-033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), a heterodimer of MHC class I-like protein and β2-microglobulin, encoded by FCGRT and B2M, respectively, is important for recycling immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies by binding with the Fc region of IgG. Cynomolgus macaques are important animal species used in the evaluation of therapeutic antibodies, largely due to sequence similarities of target proteins to those of humans. Because the function of FcRn could be modified by mutations in FCGRT or B2M, 71 cynomolgus and 24 rhesus macaques were analyzed in the present study. A total of 21 variants were identified, of which 4 were non-synonymous in FCGRT. Fifteen variants were unique to cynomolgus macaques, of which 3, 2, and 5 were unique to cynomolgus macaques bred in China (MacfaCHN), Cambodia (MacfaCAM), and Indonesia (MacfaIDN), respectively. Five variants were shared by MacfaCHN and MacfaCAM, but not by MacfaIDN. In B2M, only 5 variants were found, including 2 non-synonymous variants. Tissue expression analysis showed that cynomolgus FCGRT and B2M were widely expressed in the 10 tissue types analyzed. None of the non-synonymous variants of FCGRT or B2M found changes in the amino acid residues known to be important for FcRn function, suggesting that substantial inter-animal variability of FcRn is not expected for the cynomolgus macaques analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Uno
- Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd
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