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Guo Y, Zhang Z, Xu X, Xu Z, Wang S, Huang D, Li Y, Mou X, Liu F, Xiang C. Menstrual Blood-Derived Stem Cells as Delivery Vehicles for Oncolytic Adenovirus Virotherapy for Colorectal Cancer. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:882-896. [PMID: 30991894 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses (Ads) have potential applications in cancer therapy due to their ability to replicate and induce tumor cell death. However, their clinical application has been limited by the lack of efficient cell-based delivery systems that can provide protection from immune attack and prevent virus clearance by neutralizing antibodies. We previously demonstrated that menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MenSCs) can specifically target tumor cells and serve as a novel drug delivery platform. We engineered CRAd5/F11 chimeric oncolytic Ads that can infect MenSCs and preserve their tumor targeting ability in vitro. MenSCs loaded with these Ads were transplanted in a mouse tumor model. We found that a large number of the CRAd5/F11 viruses were accumulated in tumor site and mediated marked inhibitory effects against colorectal cancer (CRC). Thus, we concluded that MenSC-cloaked oncolytic Ads hold great potential as a novel virus-delivery platform for the therapy of various cancers, including CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Guo
- 1 State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- 1 State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Xu
- 2 Zhejiang Hospital and Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- 1 State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shibing Wang
- 3 Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,4 Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- 3 Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,4 Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifei Li
- 5 Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhou Mou
- 3 Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,4 Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fanlong Liu
- 6 Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Charlie Xiang
- 1 State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,5 Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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52
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Zhang H, Xiong F, Qian K, Liu Y, Liang B, Xiong B, Yang F, Zheng C. Transcatheter arterial embolization combined with hypoxia-replicative oncolytic adenovirus perfusion enhances the therapeutic effect of hepatic carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:981-996. [PMID: 30774426 PMCID: PMC6350642 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s189208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Transcatheter arterial embolization or transcatheter arterial chemoembolization has become a critical therapy for unresectable hepatocarcinoma. Although hypoxia caused by embolization can induce apoptosis and necrosis of the majority of tumor cells, a small proportion of cells can survive with hypoxia and chemotherapy resistance. HIF-1α induced by hypoxia is the key factor rendering surviving tumor cells invasive and metastatic properties. Thus, we generated a synthetic hypoxia-replicative oncolytic adenovirus (HYAD) expecting to further eliminate the surviving tumor cells, which expressed HIF-1α. Materials and methods In our study, we detected protein expression, proliferation, apoptosis, and necrosis of hepatic tumor cell line when infected with HYAD under hypoxia and normoxia. And we constructed VX2 hepatic cancer rabbit models to explore the therapeutic effect of transcatheter arterial embolization combined with HYAD perfusion under digital subtraction angiography. Inhibition of tumor growth and invasion was detected by histopathological examination and contrast-enhanced CT scan. Results Experiments in vitro verified that HYAD expressed and replicated along with HIF-1α expression or hypoxia. Compared with wild adenovirus type 5 (WT), HYAD expressed much more under hypoxia, which was the main principle of HYAD killing surviving tumor cells posttransarterial embolization. In vivo experiment of VX2 models, HYAD perfusion combined with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) embolization achieved the highest expression quantity and the longest expression duration compared with simple HYAD perfusion, WT perfusion combined with PVA embolization, and simple WT perfusion. Because adenovirus expression protein E1A had the properties of promoting apoptosis, inhibiting invasion, and inhibiting metastasis, HYAD perfusion combined with PVA embolization group efficiently repressed tumor growth and intrahepatic metastases compared to other processing groups. Conclusion HYAD can overcome the hypoxic tumor microenvironment postembolization and target the surviving tumor cells with specificity. In turn, HYAD perfusion combined with PVA embolization can bring out the best effect in each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsen Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, ;
| | - Fu Xiong
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, ;
| | - Kun Qian
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, ;
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, ;
| | - Bin Liang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, ;
| | - Bin Xiong
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, ;
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, ;
| | - Chuansheng Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, ;
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53
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Ma Q, Long W, Xing C, Chu J, Luo M, Wang HY, Liu Q, Wang RF. Cancer Stem Cells and Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Glioma. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2924. [PMID: 30619286 PMCID: PMC6308128 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most common malignant tumors of the central nervous system and is characterized by extensive infiltrative growth, neovascularization, and resistance to various combined therapies. In addition to heterogenous populations of tumor cells, the glioma stem cells (GSCs) and other nontumor cells present in the glioma microenvironment serve as critical regulators of tumor progression and recurrence. In this review, we discuss the role of several resident or peripheral factors with distinct tumor-promoting features and their dynamic interactions in the development of glioma. Localized antitumor factors could be silenced or even converted to suppressive phenotypes, due to stemness-related cell reprogramming and immunosuppressive mediators in glioma-derived microenvironment. Furthermore, we summarize the latest knowledge on GSCs and key microenvironment components, and discuss the emerging immunotherapeutic strategies to cure this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianquan Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wenyong Long
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Changsheng Xing
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Junjun Chu
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mei Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Helen Y Wang
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong-Fu Wang
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States.,Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
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54
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Ziegler T, Ishikawa K, Hinkel R, Kupatt C. Translational Aspects of Adeno-Associated Virus–Mediated Cardiac Gene Therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 29:1341-1351. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Ziegler
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Kiyotake Ishikawa
- Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Rabea Hinkel
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Kupatt
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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55
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Zhao H, Wang H, Kong F, Xu W, Wang T, Xiao F, Wang L, Huang D, Seth P, Yang Y, Wang H. Oncolytic Adenovirus rAd.DCN Inhibits Breast Tumor Growth and Lung Metastasis in an Immune-Competent Orthotopic Xenograft Model. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 30:197-210. [PMID: 30032645 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of advanced breast cancer patients develop distal metastasis, including lung and bone metastasis. However, effective therapeutic strategies to prevent metastasis are still lacking. Decorin is a natural inhibitor of transforming growth factor β, which plays a pivotal role in tumor metastasis. An oncolytic adenovirus expressing decorin, rAd.DCN, has been developed previously. In an immune-competent breast tumor (4T1) model, intratumoral (i.t.) as well as intravenous (i.v.) delivery of rAd.DCN inhibited growth of orthotopic tumors and spontaneous lung metastasis. It was shown that i.t. delivery of rAd.DCN produced higher levels of transgene expression and evoked stronger oncolysis of the tumors compared to i.v. delivery. However, i.v. delivery resulted in higher amount of virus accumulation in the lungs and produced stronger responses to prevent tumor lung metastasis. Oncolytic adenovirus-mediated decorin expression in the tumors downregulated the decorin target genes and decreased epithelial mesenchymal transition markers. Decorin expression in lung tissues also increased Th1 cytokine expression, such as interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor α, and decreased Th2 cytokines, such as transforming growth factor β and IL-6. Moreover, rAd.DCN treatment induced strong systemic inflammatory responses and upregulated CD8+ T lymphocytes. In conclusion, rAd.DCN inhibits tumor growth and lung metastasis of breast cancer via regulating wnt/β-catenin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and Met pathways, and modulating the antitumor inflammatory and immune responses. Considering that i.v. delivery was much more effective in preventing lung metastasis, systemic delivery of rAd.DCN might be a promising strategy to treat breast cancer lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiang Zhao
- 1 Department of Cadre Health Care, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China.,2 Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- 2 Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fanxuan Kong
- 2 Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Xu
- 3 Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, NorthShore Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Tao Wang
- 4 Breast Cancer Department, PLA 307 Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fengjun Xiao
- 2 Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- 2 Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Huang
- 5 Stem Cell Laboratory, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Prem Seth
- 3 Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, NorthShore Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Yuefeng Yang
- 2 Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China.,3 Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, NorthShore Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Hua Wang
- 2 Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
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56
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Chen CY, Hutzen B, Wedekind MF, Cripe TP. Oncolytic virus and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade combination therapy. Oncolytic Virother 2018; 7:65-77. [PMID: 30105219 PMCID: PMC6074764 DOI: 10.2147/ov.s145532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are lytic for many types of cancers but are attenuated or replication-defective in normal tissues. Aside from tumor lysis, oncolytic viruses can induce host immune responses against cancer cells and may thus be viewed as a form of immunotherapy. Although recent successes with checkpoint inhibitors have shown that enhancing antitumor immunity can be effective, the dynamic nature of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment presents significant hurdles to the broader application of these therapies. Targeting one immune-suppressive pathway may not be sufficient to eliminate tumors. Here we focus on the development of the combination of oncolytic virotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors designed to target the programmed cell death protein 1 and programmed cell death ligand 1 signaling axis. We also discuss future directions for the clinical application of this novel combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital,
| | - Brian Hutzen
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital,
| | - Mary F Wedekind
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, .,Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA,
| | - Timothy P Cripe
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, .,Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA,
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57
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Oncolytic Viruses as Therapeutic Tools for Pediatric Brain Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10070226. [PMID: 29987215 PMCID: PMC6071081 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10070226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, we have seen an important progress in our comprehension of the molecular basis of pediatric brain tumors (PBTs). However, they still represent the main cause of death by disease in children. Due to the poor prognosis of some types of PBTs and the long-term adverse effects associated with the traditional treatments, oncolytic viruses (OVs) have emerged as an interesting therapeutic option since they displayed safety and high tolerability in pre-clinical and clinical levels. In this review, we summarize the OVs evaluated in different types of PBTs, mostly in pre-clinical studies, and we discuss the possible future direction of research in this field. In this sense, one important aspect of OVs antitumoral effect is the stimulation of an immune response against the tumor which is necessary for a complete response in preclinical immunocompetent models and in the clinic. The role of the immune system in the response of OVs needs to be evaluated in PBTs and represents an experimental challenge due to the limited immunocompetent models of these diseases available for pre-clinical research.
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58
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Miciak JJ, Hirshberg J, Bunz F. Seamless assembly of recombinant adenoviral genomes from high-copy plasmids. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199563. [PMID: 29949649 PMCID: PMC6021080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenoviruses are essential tools for basic research and therapeutic development. Robust methods for the generation of mutant and recombinant viruses are crucial for these diverse applications. Here we describe a simple plasmid-based method that permits highly efficient modification of the adenoviral genome and rapid production of high-titer virus stocks. The 36-kilobase genome of adenovirus serotype 5 was divided into seven tractable blocks that could be individually modified in a single step and reassembled in vitro. Because the system is composed of compact modules, modifications at different loci can be readily recombined. Viral assemblies were delivered to packaging cells by electroporation, a strategy that consistently resulted in the de novo production of 108 infectious units in 3-5 days. In principle, a similar strategy could be applied to any other adenovirus serotype or to other double-strand DNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J. Miciak
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jason Hirshberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Fred Bunz
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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59
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Hazini A, Pryshliak M, Brückner V, Klingel K, Sauter M, Pinkert S, Kurreck J, Fechner H. Heparan Sulfate Binding Coxsackievirus B3 Strain PD: A Novel Avirulent Oncolytic Agent Against Human Colorectal Carcinoma. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 29:1301-1314. [PMID: 29739251 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), a single-stranded RNA virus of the picornavirus family, has been described as a novel oncolytic virus. However, the CVB3 strain used induced hepatitis and myocarditis in vivo. It was hypothesized that oncolytic activity and safety of CVB3 depends on the virus strain and its specific receptor tropism. Different laboratory strains of CVB3 (Nancy, 31-1-93, and H3), which use the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), and the strain PD, which uses N- and 6-O-sulfated heparan sulfate (HS) for entry into the cells, were investigated for their potential to lyse tumor cells and for their safety profile. The investigations were carried out in colorectal carcinoma. In vitro investigations showed variable infection efficiency and lysis of colorectal carcinoma cell lines by the CVB3 strains. The most efficient strain was PD, which was the only one that could lyse all investigated colorectal carcinoma cell lines. Lytic activity of CAR-dependent CVB3 did not correlate with CAR expression on cells, whereas there was a clear correlation between lytic activity of PD and its ability to bind to HS at the cell surface of colorectal carcinoma cells. Intratumoral injection of Nancy, 31-1-93, or PD into subcutaneous colorectal DLD1 cell tumors in BALB/c nude mice resulted in strong inhibition of tumor growth. The effect was seen in the injected tumor, as well as in a non-injected, contralateral tumor. However, all animals treated with 31-1-93 and Nancy developed systemic infection and died or were moribund and sacrificed within 8 days post virus injection. In contrast, five of the six animals treated with PD showed no signs of a systemic viral infection, and PD was not detected in any organ. The data demonstrate the potential of PD as a new oncolytic virus and HS-binding of PD as a key feature of oncolytic activity and improved safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Hazini
- 1 Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin , Berlin, Germany .,2 Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University , Davutpasa Campus, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Markian Pryshliak
- 1 Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Vanessa Brückner
- 1 Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin Klingel
- 3 Department of Cardiopathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martina Sauter
- 3 Department of Cardiopathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Pinkert
- 1 Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Kurreck
- 1 Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Henry Fechner
- 1 Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin , Berlin, Germany
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Martin NT, Bell JC. Oncolytic Virus Combination Therapy: Killing One Bird with Two Stones. Mol Ther 2018; 26:1414-1422. [PMID: 29703699 PMCID: PMC5986726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last 60 years an eclectic collection of microbes has been tested in a variety of pre-clinical models as anti-cancer agents. At the forefront of this research are a number of virus-based platforms that have shown exciting activity in a variety of pre-clinical models and are collectively referred to as oncolytic viruses. Our true understanding of the potential and limitations of this therapeutic modality has been substantially advanced through clinical studies carried out over the last 25 years. Perhaps not surprising, as with all other cancer therapeutics, it has become clear that current oncolytic virus therapeutics on their own are unlikely to be effective in the majority of patients. The greatest therapeutic gains will therefore be made through thoughtful combination strategies built upon an understanding of cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Tim Martin
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - John Cameron Bell
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
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61
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Lundstrom K. Viral Vectors in Gene Therapy. Diseases 2018; 6:diseases6020042. [PMID: 29883422 PMCID: PMC6023384 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Applications of viral vectors have found an encouraging new beginning in gene therapy in recent years. Significant improvements in vector engineering, delivery, and safety have placed viral vector-based therapy at the forefront of modern medicine. Viral vectors have been employed for the treatment of various diseases such as metabolic, cardiovascular, muscular, hematologic, ophthalmologic, and infectious diseases and different types of cancer. Recent development in the area of immunotherapy has provided both preventive and therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, gene silencing generating a reversible effect has become an interesting alternative, and is well-suited for delivery by viral vectors. A number of preclinical studies have demonstrated therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy in animal models and furthermore in clinical trials. Several viral vector-based drugs have also been globally approved.
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62
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Cervera-Carrascon V, Siurala M, Santos JM, Havunen R, Tähtinen S, Karell P, Sorsa S, Kanerva A, Hemminki A. TNFa and IL-2 armed adenoviruses enable complete responses by anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1412902. [PMID: 29721366 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1412902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Releasing the patient's immune system against their own malignancy by the use of checkpoint inhibitors is delivering promising results. However, only a subset of patients currently benefit from them. One major limitation of these therapies relates to the inability of T cells to detect or penetrate into the tumor resulting in unresponsiveness to checkpoint inhibition. Virotherapy is an attractive tool for enabling checkpoint inhibitors as viruses are naturally recognized by innate defense elements which draws the attention of the immune system. Besides their intrinsic immune stimulating properties, the adenoviruses used here are armed to express tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) and interleukin-2 (IL-2). These cytokines result in immunological danger signaling and multiple appealing T-cell effects, including trafficking, activation and propagation. When these viruses were injected into B16.OVA melanoma tumors in animals concomitantly receiving programmed cell-death protein 1 (PD-1) blocking antibodies both tumor growth control (p < 0.0001) and overall survival (p < 0.01) were improved. In this set-up, the addition of adoptive cell therapy with OT-I lymphocytes did not increase efficacy further. When virus injections were initiated before antibody treatment in a prime-boost approach, 100% of tumors regressed completely and all mice survived. Viral expression of IL2 and TNFa altered the cytokine balance in the tumor microenvironment towards Th1 and increased the intratumoral proportion of CD8+ and conventional CD4+ T cells. These preclinical studies provide the rationale and schedule for a clinical trial where oncolytic adenovirus coding for TNFa and IL-2 (TILT-123) is used in melanoma patients receiving an anti-PD-1 antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cervera-Carrascon
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Uusima, Finland.,Department of Oncology, Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusima, Finland
| | - M Siurala
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Uusima, Finland.,Department of Oncology, Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusima, Finland
| | - J M Santos
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Uusima, Finland.,Department of Oncology, Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusima, Finland
| | - R Havunen
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Uusima, Finland.,Department of Oncology, Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusima, Finland
| | - S Tähtinen
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusima, Finland
| | - P Karell
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusima, Finland
| | - S Sorsa
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Uusima, Finland.,Department of Oncology, Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusima, Finland
| | - A Kanerva
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusima, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Uusima, Finland
| | - A Hemminki
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Uusima, Finland.,Department of Oncology, Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusima, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Uusima, Finland
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Al-Zaher AA, Moreno R, Fajardo CA, Arias-Badia M, Farrera M, de Sostoa J, Rojas LA, Alemany R. Evidence of Anti-tumoral Efficacy in an Immune Competent Setting with an iRGD-Modified Hyaluronidase-Armed Oncolytic Adenovirus. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2018; 8:62-70. [PMID: 29888319 PMCID: PMC5991897 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To enhance adenovirus-mediated oncolysis, different approaches that tackle the selectivity, tumor penetration, and spreading potential of oncolytic adenoviruses have been reported. We have previously demonstrated that insertion of the internalizing Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic (iRGD) tumor-penetrating peptide at the C terminus of the fiber or transgenic expression of a secreted hyaluronidase can improve virus tumor targeting and spreading. Here we report a new oncolytic adenovirus ICOVIR17K-iRGD in which both modifications have been incorporated. In xenografted A549 tumors in nude mice, ICOVIR17K-iRGD shows higher efficacy than the non-iRGD counterpart. To gain insights into the role of the immune system in oncolysis, we have studied ICOVIR17K-iRGD in the tumor isograft mouse model CMT64.6, partially permissive to human adenovirus 5 replication, in immunodeficient or immunocompetent mice. Whereas no efficacy was observed in the immunodeficient setting due to insufficient viral replication, partial efficacy and a polymorphonuclear and CD8+ T cell infiltrate were observed in the immunocompetent mice. The results indicate that the elicitation of a virus-induced anti-tumoral immune response is responsible for the observed partial anti-tumoral effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdullah Al-Zaher
- ProCure Program, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Moreno
- ProCure Program, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Alberto Fajardo
- ProCure Program, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcel Arias-Badia
- ProCure Program, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martí Farrera
- ProCure Program, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jana de Sostoa
- ProCure Program, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Alfonso Rojas
- ProCure Program, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Alemany
- ProCure Program, IDIBELL-Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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64
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Martinez-Jaramillo E, Garza-Morales R, Wechman SL, Montes de Oca-Luna R, Saucedo-Cardenas O, Shirwan H, Yolcu E, McMasters KM, Gomez-Gutierrez JG. Adenovirus Lacking E1b Efficiently Induces Cytopathic Effect in HPV-16-Positive Murine Cancer Cells via Virus Replication and Apoptosis. Cancer Invest 2018; 36:19-27. [PMID: 29388837 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2018.1430812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Conditionally replicative adenoviruses (CRAds) replicate poorly in murine cancer cells; however, E1b-deleted CRAds may replicate effectively in HPV16-E6/E7-positive murine cancer cells (TC-1). The HPV16 E7 open reading frame encodes functions analogous to these deleted adenovirus E1 proteins. In this study, an E1b-deleted CRAd (Adhz60) was evaluated for its ability to replicate and induce oncolysis in TC-1 cells. Adhz60-mediated oncolysis was similar in TC-1 and HeLa cells. Productive viral replication was evident based on expression of E1A and hexon, production of infectious virus progeny, and Adhz60-induced apoptosis. The results suggest that TC-1 murine cancer cells allow Adhz60 replication and oncolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Martinez-Jaramillo
- a The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD, Department of Surgery , University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville , USA.,b Department of Histology, School of Medicine , Autonomous University of Nuevo León , Monterrey , N.L. México
| | - Rodolfo Garza-Morales
- a The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD, Department of Surgery , University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville , USA.,b Department of Histology, School of Medicine , Autonomous University of Nuevo León , Monterrey , N.L. México
| | - Stephen L Wechman
- a The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD, Department of Surgery , University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville , USA
| | - Roberto Montes de Oca-Luna
- b Department of Histology, School of Medicine , Autonomous University of Nuevo León , Monterrey , N.L. México
| | - Odila Saucedo-Cardenas
- b Department of Histology, School of Medicine , Autonomous University of Nuevo León , Monterrey , N.L. México.,e Department of Molecular Genetics, Northeast Biomedical Research Center , Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) , Monterrey , N.L. México
| | - Haval Shirwan
- c Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Cellular Therapeutics , University of Louisville , Louisville , USA
| | - Esma Yolcu
- c Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Cellular Therapeutics , University of Louisville , Louisville , USA
| | - Kelly M McMasters
- a The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD, Department of Surgery , University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville , USA.,d James Graham Brown Cancer Center , University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville , USA
| | - Jorge G Gomez-Gutierrez
- a The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD, Department of Surgery , University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville , USA.,d James Graham Brown Cancer Center , University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville , USA
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65
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Kreppel F, Ehrhardt A. From Virus to vector to medicine: Foreword by guest editors. Virus Genes 2017; 53:673-674. [PMID: 28921483 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-017-1503-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Kreppel
- Chair for Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany.
| | - Anja Ehrhardt
- Chair for Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany.
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