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Martínez-Rodríguez S, Torres JM, Sánchez P, Ortega E. Overview on Multienzymatic Cascades for the Production of Non-canonical α-Amino Acids. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:887. [PMID: 32850740 PMCID: PMC7431475 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The 22 genetically encoded amino acids (AAs) present in proteins (the 20 standard AAs together with selenocysteine and pyrrolysine), are commonly referred as proteinogenic AAs in the literature due to their appearance in ribosome-synthetized polypeptides. Beyond the borders of this key set of compounds, the rest of AAs are generally named imprecisely as non-proteinogenic AAs, even when they can also appear in polypeptide chains as a result of post-transductional machinery. Besides their importance as metabolites in life, many of D-α- and L-α-"non-canonical" amino acids (NcAAs) are of interest in the biotechnological and biomedical fields. They have found numerous applications in the discovery of new medicines and antibiotics, drug synthesis, cosmetic, and nutritional compounds, or in the improvement of protein and peptide pharmaceuticals. In addition to the numerous studies dealing with the asymmetric synthesis of NcAAs, many different enzymatic pathways have been reported in the literature allowing for the biosynthesis of NcAAs. Due to the huge heterogeneity of this group of molecules, this review is devoted to provide an overview on different established multienzymatic cascades for the production of non-canonical D-α- and L-α-AAs, supplying neophyte and experienced professionals in this field with different illustrative examples in the literature. Whereas the discovery of new or newly designed enzymes is of great interest, dusting off previous enzymatic methodologies by a "back and to the future" strategy might accelerate the implementation of new or improved multienzymatic cascades.
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Merkens K, Aguilar Troyano FJ, Djossou J, Gómez‐Suárez A. Synthesis of Unnatural α‐Amino Acid Derivatives via Light‐Mediated Radical Decarboxylative Processes. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kay Merkens
- Organic ChemistryBergische Universität Wuppertal Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | | | - Jonas Djossou
- Organic ChemistryBergische Universität Wuppertal Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Adrián Gómez‐Suárez
- Organic ChemistryBergische Universität Wuppertal Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
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Wang T, Liang C, Xu H, An Y, Xiao S, Zheng M, Liu L, Nie L. Incorporation of nonstandard amino acids into proteins: principles and applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:60. [PMID: 32266578 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02837-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The cellular ribosome shows a naturally evolved strong preference for the synthesis of proteins with standard amino acids. An in-depth understanding of the translation process enables scientists to go beyond this natural limitation and engineer translating systems capable of synthesizing proteins with artificially designed and synthesized non-standard amino acids (nsAA) featuring more bulky sidechains. The sidechains can be functional groups, with chosen biophysical or chemical activities, that enable the direct application of these proteins. Alternatively, the sidechains can be designed to contain highly reactive groups: enabling the ready formation of conjugates via a covalent bond between the sidechain and other chemicals or biomolecules. This co-translational incorporation of nsAAs into proteins allows for a vast number of possible applications. In this paper, we first systematically summarized the advances in the engineering of the translation system. Subsequently, we reviewed the extensive applications of these nsAA-containing proteins (after chemical modification) by discussing representative reports on how they can be utilized for different purposes. Finally, we discussed the direction of further studies which could be undertaken to improve the current technology utilized in incorporating nsAAs in order to use them to their full potential and improve accessibility across disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China
| | - Chen Liang
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China
| | - Hongjv Xu
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China
| | - Yafei An
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China
| | - Sha Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China
| | - Mengyuan Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China
| | - Lu Liu
- College of International Education, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China
| | - Lei Nie
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China.
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Mareya TM, Coady TM, O'Reilly C, Kinsella M, Coffey L, Lennon CM. Process Optimisation Studies and Aminonitrile Substrate Evaluation of Rhodococcus erythropolis SET1, A Nitrile Hydrolyzing Bacterium. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:512-520. [PMID: 32346499 PMCID: PMC7184877 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive series of optimization studies including pH, solvent and temperature were completed on the nitrile hydrolyzing Rhodococcus erythropolis bacterium SET1 with the substrate 3-hydroxybutyronitrile. These identified temperature of 25 °C and pH of 7 as the best conditions to retain enantioselectivity and activity. The effect of the addition of organic solvents to the biotransformation mixture was also determined. The results of the study suggested that SET1 is suitable for use in selected organo-aqueous media at specific ratios only. The functional group tolerance of the isolate with unprotected and protected β-aminonitriles, structural analogues of β-hydroxynitriles was also investigated with disappointingly poor isolated yields and selectivity obtained. The isolate was further evaluated with the α- aminonitrile phenylglycinonitrile generating acid in excellent yield and ee (>99 % (S) - isomer and 50 % yield). A series of pH studies with this substrate indicated pH 7 to be the optimum pH to avoid product and substrate degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatenda M. Mareya
- Department of ScienceWaterford Institute of TechnologyCork RoadWaterfordX91K0EKIreland
| | - Tracey M. Coady
- Department of ScienceWaterford Institute of TechnologyCork RoadWaterfordX91K0EKIreland
| | - Catherine O'Reilly
- Department of ScienceWaterford Institute of TechnologyCork RoadWaterfordX91K0EKIreland
| | - Michael Kinsella
- Department of ScienceWaterford Institute of TechnologyCork RoadWaterfordX91K0EKIreland
| | - Lee Coffey
- Department of ScienceWaterford Institute of TechnologyCork RoadWaterfordX91K0EKIreland
| | - Claire M. Lennon
- Department of ScienceWaterford Institute of TechnologyCork RoadWaterfordX91K0EKIreland
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Bartoccini F, Mari M, Retini M, Galarini R, Bartolucci S, Piersanti G. Single‐Step Synthesis of Dehydroalanine Derivatives via a Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Reaction. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bartoccini
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 6 61029 Urbino, PU Italy
| | - Michele Mari
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 6 61029 Urbino, PU Italy
| | - Michele Retini
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 6 61029 Urbino, PU Italy
| | - Roberta Galarini
- Centro Sviluppo e Validazione MetodiIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati” Via G. Salvemini 1 06126 Perugia, PG Italy
| | - Silvia Bartolucci
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 6 61029 Urbino, PU Italy
| | - Giovanni Piersanti
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 6 61029 Urbino, PU Italy
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A thermostable leucine dehydrogenase from Bacillus coagulansNL01: Expression, purification and characterization. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Biava HD. Tackling Achilles' Heel in Synthetic Biology: Pairing Intracellular Synthesis of Noncanonical Amino Acids with Genetic-Code Expansion to Foster Biotechnological Applications. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1265-1273. [PMID: 31868982 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For the last two decades, synthetic biologists have been able to unlock and expand the genetic code, generating proteins with unique properties through the incorporation of noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs). These evolved biomaterials have shown great potential for applications in industrial biocatalysis, therapeutics, bioremediation, bioconjugation, and other areas. Our ability to continue developing such technologies depends on having relatively easy access to ncAAs. However, the synthesis of enantiomerically pure ncAAs in practical quantitates for large-scale processes remains a challenge. Biocatalytic ncAA production has emerged as an excellent alternative to traditional organic synthesis in terms of cost, enantioselectivity, and sustainability. Moreover, biocatalytic synthesis offers the opportunity of coupling the intracellular generation of ncAAs with genetic-code expansion to overcome the limitations of an external supply of amino acid. In this minireview, we examine some of the most relevant achievements of this approach and its implications for improving technological applications derived from synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán D Biava
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Brevard College, One Brevard College Drive, Brevard, 28712, NC, USA
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