51
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Rogers RC, McDougal DH, Ritter S, Qualls-Creekmore E, Hermann GE. Response of catecholaminergic neurons in the mouse hindbrain to glucoprivic stimuli is astrocyte dependent. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R153-R164. [PMID: 29590557 PMCID: PMC6087883 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00368.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Hindbrain catecholaminergic (CA) neurons are required for critical autonomic, endocrine, and behavioral counterregulatory responses (CRRs) to hypoglycemia. Recent studies suggest that CRR initiation depends on hindbrain astrocyte glucose sensors (McDougal DH, Hermann GE, Rogers RC. Front Neurosci 7: 249, 2013; Rogers RC, Ritter S, Hermann GE. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 310: R1102-R1108, 2016). To test the proposition that hindbrain CA responses to glucoprivation are astrocyte dependent, we utilized transgenic mice in which the calcium reporter construct (GCaMP5) was expressed selectively in tyrosine hydroxylase neurons (TH-GCaMP5). We conducted live cell calcium-imaging studies on tissue slices containing the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) or the ventrolateral medulla, critical CRR initiation sites. Results show that TH-GCaMP5 neurons are robustly activated by a glucoprivic challenge and that this response is dependent on functional astrocytes. Pretreatment of hindbrain slices with fluorocitrate (an astrocytic metabolic suppressor) abolished TH-GCaMP5 neuronal responses to glucoprivation, but not to glutamate. Pharmacologic results suggest that the astrocytic connection with hindbrain CA neurons is purinergic via P2 receptors. Parallel imaging studies on hindbrain slices of NST from wild-type C57BL/6J mice, in which astrocytes and neurons were prelabeled with a calcium reporter dye and an astrocytic vital dye, show that both cell types are activated by glucoprivation but astrocytes responded significantly sooner than neurons. Pretreatment of these hindbrain slices with P2 antagonists abolished neuronal responses to glucoprivation without interruption of astrocyte responses; pretreatment with fluorocitrate eliminated both astrocytic and neuronal responses. These results support earlier work suggesting that the primary detection of glucoprivic signals by the hindbrain is mediated by astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sue Ritter
- 2Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
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52
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Henriquez M, Fonseca M, Perez-Zoghbi JF. Purinergic receptor stimulation induces calcium oscillations and smooth muscle contraction in small pulmonary veins. J Physiol 2018; 596:2491-2506. [PMID: 29790164 DOI: 10.1113/jp274731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS We investigated the excitation-contraction coupling mechanisms in small pulmonary veins (SPVs) in rat precision-cut lung slices. We found that SPVs contract strongly and reversibly in response to extracellular ATP and other vasoconstrictors, including angiotensin-II and endothelin-1. ATP-induced vasoconstriction in SPVs was associated with the stimulation of purinergic P2Y2 receptors in vascular smooth muscle cell, activation of phospholipase C-β and the generation of intracellular Ca2+ oscillations mediated by cyclic Ca2+ release events via the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor. Active constriction of SPVs may play an important role in the development of pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary oedema. ABSTRACT The small pulmonary veins (SPVs) may play a role in the development of pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary oedema via active changes in SPV diameter, mediated by vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) contraction. However, the excitation-contraction coupling mechanisms during vasoconstrictor stimulation remain poorly understood in these veins. We used rat precision-cut lung slices and phase-contrast and confocal microscopy to investigate dynamic changes in SPV cross-sectional luminal area and intracellular Ca2+ signalling in their VSMCs. We found that the SPV (∼150 μm in diameter) contract strongly in response to extracellular ATP and other vasoconstrictors, including angiotensin-II and endothelin-1. ATP-induced SPV contraction was fast, concentration-dependent, completely reversible upon ATP washout, and inhibited by purinergic receptor antagonists suramin and AR-C118925 but not by MRS2179. Immunofluorescence showed purinergic P2Y2 receptors expressed in SPV VSMCs. ATP-induced SPV contraction was inhibited by phospholipase Cβ inhibitor U73122 and accompanied by intracellular Ca2+ oscillations in the VSMCs. These Ca2+ oscillations and SPV contraction were inhibited by the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor inhibitor 2-APB but not by ryanodine. The results of the present study suggest that ATP-induced vasoconstriction in SPVs is associated with the activation of purinergic P2Y2 receptors in VSMCs and the generation of Ca2+ oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Henriquez
- Program of Physiology and Biophysics, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Fonseca
- Program of Physiology and Biophysics, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jose F Perez-Zoghbi
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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53
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Pratt SJP, Hernández-Ochoa EO, Lee RM, Ory EC, Lyons JS, Joca HC, Johnson A, Thompson K, Bailey P, Lee CJ, Mathias T, Vitolo MI, Trudeau M, Stains JP, Ward CW, Schneider MF, Martin SS. Real-time scratch assay reveals mechanisms of early calcium signaling in breast cancer cells in response to wounding. Oncotarget 2018; 9:25008-25024. [PMID: 29861849 PMCID: PMC5982755 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggressive cellular phenotypes such as uncontrolled proliferation and increased migration capacity engender cellular transformation, malignancy and metastasis. While genetic mutations are undisputed drivers of cancer initiation and progression, it is increasingly accepted that external factors are also playing a major role. Two recently studied modulators of breast cancer are changes in the cellular mechanical microenvironment and alterations in calcium homeostasis. While many studies investigate these factors separately in breast cancer cells, very few do so in combination. This current work sets a foundation to explore mechano-calcium relationships driving malignant progression in breast cancer. Utilizing real-time imaging of an in vitro scratch assay, we were able to resolve mechanically-sensitive calcium signaling in human breast cancer cells. We observed rapid initiation of intracellular calcium elevations within seconds in cells at the immediate wound edge, followed by a time-dependent increase in calcium in cells at distances up to 500μm from the scratch wound. Calcium signaling to neighboring cells away from the wound edge returned to baseline within seconds. Calcium elevations at the wound edge however, persisted for up to 50 minutes. Rigorous quantification showed that extracellular calcium was necessary for persistent calcium elevation at the wound edge, but intercellular signal propagation was dependent on internal calcium stores. In addition, intercellular signaling required extracellular ATP and activation of P2Y2 receptors. Through comparison of scratch-induced signaling from multiple cell lines, we report drastic reductions in response from aggressively tumorigenic and metastatic cells. The real-time scratch assay established here provides quantitative data on the molecular mechanisms that support rapid scratch-induced calcium signaling in breast cancer cells. These mechanisms now provide a clear framework for investigating which short-term calcium signals promote long-term changes in cancer cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J P Pratt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erick O Hernández-Ochoa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rachel M Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eleanor C Ory
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James S Lyons
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Humberto C Joca
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ashley Johnson
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Keyata Thompson
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patrick Bailey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cornell J Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Trevor Mathias
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michele I Vitolo
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matt Trudeau
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph P Stains
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher W Ward
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,School of Nursing, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin F Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stuart S Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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54
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Gergs U, Rothkirch D, Hofmann B, Treede H, Robaye B, Simm A, Müller CE, Neumann J. Mechanism underlying the contractile activity of UTP in the mammalian heart. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 830:47-58. [PMID: 29673908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP), a pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate produced a concentration- and time-dependent increase in the contraction force in isolated right atrial preparations from patients undergoing cardiac bypass surgery due to angina pectoris. The stimulation of the force of contraction was sustained rather than transient. In the present study, we tried to elucidate the underlying receptor and signal transduction for this effect of UTP. Therefore, we measured the effect of UTP on force of contraction, phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2, in human atrial preparations, atrial preparations from genetically modified mice, cardiomyocytes from adult mice and cardiomyocytes from neonatal rats. UTP exerted a positive inotropic effect in isolated electrically driven left atrial preparations from wild-type (WT) mice and P2Y2-, P2Y4- and P2Y6-receptor knockout mice. Therefore, we concluded that these P2Y receptors did not mediate the inotropic effects of UTP in atrial preparations from mice. However, UTP (like ATP) increased the phosphorylation states of p38 and ERK1/2 in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, adult mouse cardiomyocytes and human atrial tissue in vitro. U0126, a MEK 1/2- signal cascade inhibitor, attenuated this phosphorylation and the positive inotropic effects of UTP in murine and human atrial preparations. We suggest that presently unknown receptors mediate the positive inotropic effect of UTP in murine and human atria. We hypothesize that UTP stimulates inotropy via p38 or ERK1/2 phosphorylation. We speculate that UTP may be a valuable target in the development of new drugs aimed at treating human systolic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Gergs
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06097 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Daniel Rothkirch
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06097 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Britt Hofmann
- Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06097 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Hendrik Treede
- Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06097 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bernard Robaye
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Andreas Simm
- Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06097 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim Neumann
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06097 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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55
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Abstract
P2Y receptors (P2YRs) are a family of G protein-coupled receptors activated by extracellular nucleotides. Physiological P2YR agonists include purine and pyrimidine nucleoside di- and triphosphates, such as ATP, ADP, UTP, UDP, nucleotide sugars, and dinucleotides. Eight subtypes exist, P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y6, P2Y11, P2Y12, P2Y13, and P2Y14, which represent current or potential future drug targets. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of ligands for the subgroup of the P2YR family that is activated by uracil nucleotides: P2Y2 (UTP, also ATP and dinucleotides), P2Y4 (UTP), P2Y6 (UDP), and P2Y14 (UDP, UDP-glucose, UDP-galactose). The physiological agonists are metabolically unstable due to their fast hydrolysis by ectonucleotidases. A number of agonists with increased potency, subtype-selectivity and/or enzymatic stability have been developed in recent years. Useful P2Y2R agonists include MRS2698 (6-01, highly selective) and PSB-1114 (6-05, increased metabolic stability). A potent and selective P2Y2R antagonist is AR-C118925 (10-01). For studies of the P2Y4R, MRS4062 (3-15) may be used as a selective agonist, while PSB-16133 (10-06) is a selective antagonist. Several potent P2Y6R agonists have been developed including 5-methoxyuridine 5'-O-((Rp)α-boranodiphosphate) (6-12), PSB-0474 (3-11), and MRS2693 (3-26). The isocyanate MRS2578 (10-08) is used as a selective P2Y6R antagonist, although its reactivity and low water-solubility are limiting. With MRS2905 (6-08), a potent and metabolically stable P2Y14R agonist is available, while PPTN (10-14) represents a potent and selective P2Y14R antagonist. The radioligand [3H]UDP can be used to label P2Y14Rs. In addition, several fluorescent probes have been developed. Uracil nucleotide-activated P2YRs show great potential as drug targets, especially in inflammation, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases.
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56
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Conroy S, Kindon ND, Glenn J, Stoddart LA, Lewis RJ, Hill SJ, Kellam B, Stocks MJ. Synthesis and Evaluation of the First Fluorescent Antagonists of the Human P2Y 2 Receptor Based on AR-C118925. J Med Chem 2018; 61:3089-3113. [PMID: 29558126 PMCID: PMC6026847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
human P2Y2 receptor (hP2Y2R)
is a G-protein-coupled receptor that shows promise as a therapeutic
target for many important conditions, including for antimetastatic
cancer and more recently for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. As such,
there is a need for new hP2Y2R antagonists
and molecular probes to study this receptor. Herein, we report the
development of a new series of non-nucleotide hP2Y2R antagonists, based on the known, non-nucleotide hP2Y2R antagonist AR-C118925 (1),
leading to the discovery of a series of fluorescent ligands containing
different linkers and fluorophores. One of these conjugates, 98, displayed micromolar affinity for hP2Y2R (pKd = 6.32 ± 0.10, n = 17) in a bioluminescence-energy-transfer (BRET) assay.
Confocal microscopy with this ligand revealed displaceable membrane
labeling of astrocytoma cells expressing untagged hP2Y2R. These properties make 98 one of the
first tools for studying hP2Y2R distribution
and organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Conroy
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences , University Park Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - Nicholas D Kindon
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences , University Park Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - Jacqueline Glenn
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2UH , U.K.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors , University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham , the Midlands NG7 2UH , U.K
| | - Leigh A Stoddart
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2UH , U.K.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors , University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham , the Midlands NG7 2UH , U.K
| | - Richard J Lewis
- Medicinal Chemistry, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , Mölndal, Gothenburg 431 83 , Sweden
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2UH , U.K.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors , University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham , the Midlands NG7 2UH , U.K
| | - Barrie Kellam
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences , University Park Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors , University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham , the Midlands NG7 2UH , U.K
| | - Michael J Stocks
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences , University Park Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
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57
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Rafehi M, Neumann A, Baqi Y, Malik EM, Wiese M, Namasivayam V, Müller CE. Molecular Recognition of Agonists and Antagonists by the Nucleotide-Activated G Protein-Coupled P2Y 2 Receptor. J Med Chem 2017; 60:8425-8440. [PMID: 28938069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A homology model of the nucleotide-activated P2Y2R was created based on the X-ray structures of the P2Y1 receptor. Docking studies were performed, and receptor mutants were created to probe the identified binding interactions. Mutation of residues predicted to interact with the ribose (Arg110) and the phosphates of the nucleotide agonists (Arg265, Arg292) or that contribute indirectly to binding (Tyr288) abolished activity. The Y114F, R194A, and F261A mutations led to inactivity of diadenosine tetraphosphate and to a reduced response of UTP. Significant reduction in agonist potency was observed for all other receptor mutants (Phe111, His184, Ser193, Phe261, Tyr268, Tyr269) predicted to be involved in agonist recognition. An ionic lock between Asp185 and Arg292 that is probably involved in receptor activation interacts with the phosphate groups. The antagonist AR-C118925 and anthraquinones likely bind to the orthosteric site. The updated homology models will be useful for virtual screening and drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rafehi
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn , 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Neumann
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn , 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Younis Baqi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sultan Qaboos University , PO Box 36, Postal Code 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Enas M Malik
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn , 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Wiese
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry II, University of Bonn , 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn , 53121 Bonn, Germany.,PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry II, University of Bonn , 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn , 53121 Bonn, Germany
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58
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Kindon N, Davis A, Dougall I, Dixon J, Johnson T, Walters I, Thom S, McKechnie K, Meghani P, Stocks MJ. From UTP to AR-C118925, the discovery of a potent non nucleotide antagonist of the P2Y 2 receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4849-4853. [PMID: 28958619 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The G protein-coupled P2Y2 receptor, activated by ATP and UTP has been reported as a potential drug target for a wide range of important clinical conditions, such as tumor metastasis, kidney disorders, and in the treatment of inflammatory conditions. However, pharmacological studies on this receptor have been impeded by the limited reported availability of stable, potent and selective P2Y2R antagonists. This article describes the design and synthesis of AR-C118925, a potent and selective non-nucleotide antagonist of the P2Y2 receptor discovered using the endogenous P2Y2R agonist UTP as the chemical starting point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Kindon
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough LE11 5RH, UK.
| | - Andrew Davis
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough LE11 5RH, UK
| | - Iain Dougall
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough LE11 5RH, UK
| | - John Dixon
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough LE11 5RH, UK
| | - Timothy Johnson
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough LE11 5RH, UK
| | - Iain Walters
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough LE11 5RH, UK
| | - Steve Thom
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough LE11 5RH, UK
| | | | - Premji Meghani
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough LE11 5RH, UK
| | - Michael J Stocks
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough LE11 5RH, UK.
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59
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Effects of 4(1H)-quinolinone derivative, a novel non-nucleotide allosteric purinergic P2Y 2 agonist, on cardiomyocytes in neonatal rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6050. [PMID: 28729619 PMCID: PMC5519634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purinergic P2Y2 receptors, G-protein coupled receptors that primarily couple with Gαq/11-proteins, are activated equipotently by adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) and uridine-5′-triphosphate. Evidence suggests that P2Y2 agonists make potential drug candidates for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, selective non-nucleotide, small-molecule P2Y2 agonists have yet to be developed. In this report, we discuss Compound 89, a novel non-nucleotide allosteric P2Y2 agonist that was active in signal transduction and gene induction, and in our in vitro cardiac hypertrophy model. Compound 89 exhibited selective P2Y2 agonistic activity and potentiated responses to the endogenous agonist ATP, while exhibiting no agonistic activities for four other Gαq/11-coupled human P2Y (hP2Y) receptors and one representative Gαi/o-coupled hP2Y12 receptor. Its P2Y2 agonistic effect on mouse P2Y2 receptors suggested non-species-specific activity. Compound 89 acted as a pure positive allosteric modulator in a Ca2+ mobilization assay of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes; it potentiated ATP-induced expression of genes in the nuclear receptor 4A family (negative regulators of hypertrophic stimuli in cardiomyocytes). Additionally, Compound 89 attenuated isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy, presumably through dose-dependent interaction with pericellular ATP. These results indicate that Compound 89 is potentially efficacious against cardiomyocytes and therefore a good proof-of-concept tool for elucidating the therapeutic potential of P2Y2 activation in various cardiovascular diseases.
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60
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Robles-Martínez L, Garay E, Martel-Gallegos MG, Cisneros-Mejorado A, Pérez-Montiel D, Lara A, Arellano RO. K ca3.1 Activation Via P2y 2 Purinergic Receptors Promotes Human Ovarian Cancer Cell (Skov-3) Migration. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4340. [PMID: 28659615 PMCID: PMC5489490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04292-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Disorders in cell signaling mediated by ATP or histamine, activating specific membrane receptors, have been frequently associated with tumorigenesis. Among the elements of response to purinergic (and histaminergic) signaling, ion channel activation controls essential cellular processes in cancer, such as cell proliferation, motility, and death. Here, we studied the effects that ATP had on electrical properties of human ovarian adenocarcinoma cells named SKOV-3. ATP caused increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and, concurrently, it evoked a complex electrical response with a conspicuous outward component. This current was generated through P2Y2 receptor activation and opening of K+ channels, KCa3.1, as indicated by electrophysiological and pharmacological analysis, as well as by immunodetection and specific silencing of P2Y2 or KCa3.1 gene by esiRNA transfection. Low µM ATP concentration increased SKOV-3 cell migration, which was strongly inhibited by KCa3.1 channel blockers and by esiRNA-generated P2Y2 or KCa3.1 downregulation. Finally, in human ovarian tumors, the P2Y2 and KCa3.1 proteins are expressed and co-localized in neoplastic cells. Thus, stimulation of P2Y2 receptors expressed in SKOV-3 cells promotes motility through KCa3.1 activation. Since P2Y2 and KCa3.1 are co-expressed in primary tumors, our findings suggest that they may play a role in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Robles-Martínez
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla Querétaro, CP 76230, Querétaro, México, Mexico
| | - E Garay
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla Querétaro, CP 76230, Querétaro, México, Mexico
| | - M G Martel-Gallegos
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla Querétaro, CP 76230, Querétaro, México, Mexico
| | - A Cisneros-Mejorado
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla Querétaro, CP 76230, Querétaro, México, Mexico
| | - D Pérez-Montiel
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Av. San Fernando #22, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, CP 14080, Ciudad de México, México, Mexico
| | - A Lara
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla Querétaro, CP 76230, Querétaro, México, Mexico
| | - R O Arellano
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla Querétaro, CP 76230, Querétaro, México, Mexico.
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