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Lai RW, Lu R, Danthi PS, Bravo JI, Goumba A, Sampathkumar NK, Benayoun BA. Multi-level remodeling of transcriptional landscapes in aging and longevity. BMB Rep 2019; 52:86-108. [PMID: 30526773 PMCID: PMC6386224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
In multi-cellular organisms, the control of gene expression is key not only for development, but also for adult cellular homeostasis, and gene expression has been observed to be deregulated with aging. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on the transcriptional alterations that have been described to occur with age in metazoans. First, we discuss age-related transcriptional changes in protein-coding genes, the expected functional impact of such changes, and how known pro-longevity interventions impact these changes. Second, we discuss the changes and impact of emerging aspects of transcription in aging, including age-related changes in splicing, lncRNAs and circRNAs. Third, we discuss the changes and potential impact of transcription of transposable elements with aging. Fourth, we highlight small ncRNAs and their potential impact on the regulation of aging phenotypes. Understanding the aging transcriptome will be key to identify important regulatory targets, and ultimately slow-down or reverse aging and extend healthy lifespan in humans. [BMB Reports 2019; 52(1): 86-108].
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Prakroothi S. Danthi
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089,
USA
| | - Juan I. Bravo
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089,
USA
- Graduate program in the Biology of Aging, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089,
USA
| | - Alexandre Goumba
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089,
USA
| | | | - Bérénice A. Benayoun
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089,
USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Los Angeles, CA 90089,
USA
- USC Stem Cell Initiative, Los Angeles, CA 90089,
USA
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Stahl EC, Haschak MJ, Popovic B, Brown BN. Macrophages in the Aging Liver and Age-Related Liver Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2795. [PMID: 30555477 PMCID: PMC6284020 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of individuals aged 65 or older is projected to increase globally from 524 million in 2010 to nearly 1. 5 billion in 2050. Aged individuals are particularly at risk for developing chronic illness, while being less able to regenerate healthy tissue and tolerate whole organ transplantation procedures. In the liver, these age-related diseases include non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, hepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Hepatic macrophages, a population comprised of both Kupffer cells and infiltrating monocyte derived macrophages, are implicated in several chronic liver diseases and also play important roles in the homeostatic functions of the liver. The effects of aging on hepatic macrophage population dynamics, polarization, and function are not well understood. Studies performed on macrophages derived from other aged sources, such as the bone marrow, peritoneal cavity, lungs, and brain, demonstrate general reductions in autophagy and phagocytosis, dysfunction in cytokine signaling, and altered morphology and distribution, likely mediated by epigenetic changes and mitochondrial defects, that may be applicable to hepatic macrophages. This review highlights recent findings in macrophage developmental biology and function, particularly in the liver, and discusses the role of macrophages in various age-related liver diseases. A better understanding of the biology of aging that influences hepatic macrophages and thus the progression of chronic liver disease will be crucial in order to develop new interventions and treatments for liver disease in aging populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Stahl
- Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Martin J Haschak
- Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Branimir Popovic
- Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Bryan N Brown
- Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Mo ZZ, Lin ZX, Su ZR, Zheng L, Li HL, Xie JH, Xian YF, Yi TG, Huang SQ, Chen JP. Angelica sinensis Supercritical Fluid CO 2 Extract Attenuates D-Galactose-Induced Liver and Kidney Impairment in Mice by Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. J Med Food 2018; 21:887-898. [PMID: 30109956 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Angelica sinensis (AS, Danggui in Chinese) is an important herbal component of various traditional formulae for the management of asthenia and its tonic effects. Although AS has been shown to ameliorate cognitive damage and nerve toxicity in D-galactose (D-gal)-elicited senescent mice brain, its effects on liver and kidney injury have not yet been explored. In this work, mice were subjected to hypodermic injection with D-gal (200 mg/kg) and orally gavaged with AS (20, 40, or 80 mg/kg) once a day for 8 successive weeks. Results revealed that AS significantly improved liver and kidney function as assessed by organ index and functional parameters. In addition, AS pretreatment effectively ameliorated the histological deterioration. AS attenuated the MDA level and markedly enhanced the activities and gene expressions of antioxidative enzymes, namely Cu, Zn-SOD, CAT, and GPx. Furthermore, AS markedly inhibited the D-gal-mediated increment of expressions of inflammatory cytokines iNOS, COX-2, IκBα, p-IκBα, and p65 and promoted the IκBα expression level in both hepatic and renal tissues. In sum, AS pretreatment could effectively guard the liver and kidney of mice from D-gal-induced injury, and the underlying mechanism was deemed to be intimately related to attenuating oxidative response and inflammatory stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Zhun Mo
- 1 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinals Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, China .,2 School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- 2 School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zi-Ren Su
- 1 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinals Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, China .,3 Dongguan Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Dongguan, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- 4 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui-Lin Li
- 4 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian-Hui Xie
- 5 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Fang Xian
- 2 School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tie-Gang Yi
- 4 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Shenzhen, China
| | - Shui-Qing Huang
- 6 School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ping Chen
- 4 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Shenzhen, China
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Mu WC, VanHoosier E, Elks CM, Grant RW. Long-Term Effects of Dietary Protein and Branched-Chain Amino Acids on Metabolism and Inflammation in Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070918. [PMID: 30021962 PMCID: PMC6073443 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the main factor involved in the onset of degenerative diseases. Dietary protein restriction has been shown to increase the lifespan of rodents and improve metabolic phenotype. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) can act as nutrient signals that increase the lifespan of mice after prolonged supplementation. It remains unclear whether the combination of protein restriction and BCAA supplementation improves metabolic and immunological profiles during aging. Here, we investigated how dietary protein levels and BCAA supplementation impact metabolism and immune profile during a 12-month intervention in adult male C57BL/6J mice. We found that protein restriction improved insulin tolerance and increased hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 mRNA, circulating interleukin (IL)-5 concentration, and thermogenic uncoupling protein 1 in subcutaneous white fat. Surprisingly, BCAA supplementation conditionally increased body weight, lean mass, and fat mass, and deteriorated insulin intolerance during protein restriction, but not during protein sufficiency. BCAA also induced pro-inflammatory gene expression in visceral adipose tissue under both normal and low protein conditions. These results suggest that dietary protein levels and BCAA supplementation coordinate a complex regulation of metabolism and tissue inflammation during prolonged feeding.
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MESH Headings
- Adiposity
- Aging
- Amino Acids, Branched-Chain/adverse effects
- Amino Acids, Branched-Chain/metabolism
- Amino Acids, Branched-Chain/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Cytokines/blood
- Diet, Protein-Restricted/adverse effects
- Dietary Proteins/adverse effects
- Dietary Proteins/metabolism
- Dietary Proteins/therapeutic use
- Dietary Supplements/adverse effects
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Insulin Resistance
- Liver/growth & development
- Liver/immunology
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Organ Size
- Proteomics/methods
- Random Allocation
- Sarcopenia/immunology
- Sarcopenia/metabolism
- Sarcopenia/pathology
- Sarcopenia/prevention & control
- Spleen/growth & development
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/metabolism
- Spleen/pathology
- Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal/growth & development
- Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal/immunology
- Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal/metabolism
- Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal/pathology
- Thymus Gland/growth & development
- Thymus Gland/immunology
- Thymus Gland/metabolism
- Thymus Gland/pathology
- Weight Gain
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chieh Mu
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Erin VanHoosier
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Carrie M Elks
- Matrix Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
| | - Ryan W Grant
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Abstract
As aging involves oxidant injury, we examined the role of the recently described Na/K-ATPase oxidant amplification loop (NKAL). First, C57Bl6 old mice were given a western diet to stimulate oxidant injury or pNaKtide to antagonize the NKAL. The western diet accelerated functional and morphological evidence for aging whereas pNaKtide attenuated these changes. Next, human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were exposed to different types of oxidant stress in vitro each of which increased expression of senescence markers, cell-injury, and apoptosis as well as stimulated the NKAL. Further stimulation of the NKAL with ouabain augmented cellular senescence whereas treatment with pNaKtide attenuated it. Although N-Acetyl Cysteine and Vitamin E also ameliorated overall oxidant stress to a similar degree as pNaKtide, the pNaKtide produced protection against senescence that was substantially greater than that seen with either antioxidant. In particular, pNaKtide appeared to specifically ameliorate nuclear oxidant stress to a greater degree. These data demonstrate that the NKAL is intimately involved in the aging process and may serve as a target for anti-aging interventions.
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Abstract
Fibrosis is the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix that often occurs as a wound healing response to repeated or chronic tissue injury, and may lead to the disruption of organ architecture and loss of function. Although fibrosis was previously thought to be irreversible, recent evidence indicates that certain circumstances permit the resolution of fibrosis when the underlying causes of injury are eradicated. The mechanism of fibrosis resolution encompasses degradation of the fibrotic extracellular matrix as well as elimination of fibrogenic myofibroblasts through their adaptation of various cell fates, including apoptosis, senescence, dedifferentiation, and reprogramming. In this Review, we discuss the present knowledge and gaps in our understanding of how matrix degradation is regulated and how myofibroblast cell fates can be manipulated, areas that may identify potential therapeutic approaches for fibrosis.
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Bloomer SA, Wellen KE, Henderson GC. Sexual dimorphism in the hepatic protein response to a moderate trans fat diet in senescence-accelerated mice. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:243. [PMID: 29237473 PMCID: PMC5729490 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0639-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is characterized by increases in inflammation and oxidative stress, conditions that are exacerbated by environmental factors such as diet. In this study, we investigated the effects of a trans-fatty acid (TFA) diet on the liver in adult (25 wk) and old (60 wk) senescence-accelerated mice (SAMP8 strain) of both sexes. Our goal was to assess the effects of the diet on protein markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver. METHODS Male and female mice were placed on life-long diets containing similar amounts of total fat (17%), with differing amounts of TFA: 2% (moderate TFA group) or 0.2% of total energy from TFA (control diet group). At the indicated ages, livers were harvested and evaluated for markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, as well as for enzymes of fat metabolism via immunoblotting. Relative densities of protein bands were determined and compared via a three-factor ANOVA. RESULTS Compared to males, females demonstrated significantly lower inflammatory protein expression (ICAM-1, MCP-1, COX-2), along with lower expression of the DNA damage marker, Gadd153, and the oxidative stress marker, HO-1. Female mice demonstrated higher expression of antioxidant enzymes (SOD-1, SOD-2, and Ref-1) and lipogenic enzymes (FASN, ACLY) compared to male mice. While HO-1 was elevated in the female mice fed the TFA diet compared to controls, the diet did not affect other markers of oxidative stress or inflammation. However, the diet was associated with significant increases in FASN and ACLY in adult (25 wk) male mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest sexually dimorphic protein expression in the liver, with female mice demonstrating lower inflammation and increased oxidative stress defenses. Additionally, considering that FASN and ACLY contribute to hepatic lipogenesis, our results suggest a potential mechanism for the dyslipidemia in adult male mice that is associated with TFA diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Bloomer
- Division of Science and Engineering, Penn State University, Abington College, 1600 Woodland Rd, Abington, PA, 19001, USA.
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Ma SR, Xie XW. NLRC5 deficiency promotes myocardial damage induced by high fat diet in mice through activating TLR4/NF-κB. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:755-766. [PMID: 28499247 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome could be induced by high fat diet, leading to cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial damage. Inflammation response and oxidative stress have been reported to be involved in high fat-induced heart injury, and the molecular mechanism is not fully understood. The NOD-like protein family member, NLRC5, could interact with IKKα to inhibit IKK complex activation. In our study, high fat diet-feeding mice showed cardiac fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress through collagen accumulation, TLR4/NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways activation. NLRC5 knockout mice fed with high fat showed accelerated fibrosis and inflammation response by promoting α-SMA, Collagen I, Collagen III, TLR4/MyD88, phosphorylated IKKα, IκBα and NF-κB expression. And no effect on oxidative stress was observed in wild type and NLRC5-deficiency samples in in vivo studies. Moreover, NLRC5-knockout and -knockdown cardiac muscle cells challenged with LPS also exhibited aggravated fibrosis levels and inflammatory response without any influences on ROS production in in vitro studies. In conclusion, the findings indicated that NLRC5 showed important effects on high fat-induced heart injury via fibrosis and inflammation modulation, providing an essential target for improving myocardial damage induced by high fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ren Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Huai'an First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Xiong-Wei Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Huai'an First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223300, China.
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Aging aggravates alcoholic liver injury and fibrosis in mice by downregulating sirtuin 1 expression. J Hepatol 2017; 66:601-609. [PMID: 27871879 PMCID: PMC5316497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Aging is known to exacerbate the progression of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. The aim of this study was to use a chronic plus binge ethanol feeding model in mice to evaluate the effects of aging on alcohol-induced liver injury. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were subjected to short-term (10days) ethanol plus one binge or long-term (8weeks) ethanol plus multiple binges of ethanol. Liver injury and fibrosis were determined. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were isolated and used in in vitro studies. RESULTS Middle-aged (12-14months) and old-aged (>16months) mice were more susceptible to liver injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress induced by short-term plus one binge or long-term plus multiple binges of ethanol feeding when compared to young (8-12weeks) mice. Long-term plus multiple binges of ethanol feeding induced greater liver fibrosis in middle-aged mice than that in young mice. Hepatic expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) protein was downregulated in the middle-aged mice compared to young mice. Restoration of SIRT1 expression via the administration of adenovirus-SIRT1 vector ameliorated short-term plus binge ethanol-induced liver injury and fibrosis in middle-aged mice. HSCs isolated from middle-aged mice expressed lower levels of SIRT1 protein and were more susceptible to spontaneous activation in in vitro culture than those from young mice. Overexpression of SIRT1 reduced activation of HSCs from middle-aged mice in vitro with downregulation of PDGFR-α and c-Myc, while deletion of SIRT1 activated HSCs isolated from young mice in vitro. Finally, HSC-specific SIRT1 knockout mice were more susceptible to long-term chronic-plus-multiple binges of ethanol-induced liver fibrosis with upregulation of PDGFR-α expression. CONCLUSIONS Aging exacerbates ALD in mice through the downregulation of SIRT1 in hepatocytes and HSCs. Activation of SIRT1 may serve as a novel target for the treatment of ALD. LAY SUMMARY Aged mice are more susceptible to alcohol-induced liver injury and fibrosis, which is, at least in part, due to lower levels of sirtuin 1 protein in hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells. Our findings suggest that sirtuin 1 activators may have beneficial effects for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease in aged patients.
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