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Ogaki R, Lyckegaard F, Kingshott P. High‐Resolution Surface Chemical Analysis of a Trifunctional Pattern Made by Sequential Colloidal Shadowing. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:3609-16. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Ogaki
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, DK‐8000, Aarhus C, (Denmark), Fax: (+45) 89423690
| | - Folmer Lyckegaard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK‐8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Peter Kingshott
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, DK‐8000, Aarhus C, (Denmark), Fax: (+45) 89423690
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52
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Pan H, Hwang DJ, Ko SH, Clem TA, Fréchet JMJ, Bäuerle D, Grigoropoulos CP. High-throughput near-field optical nanoprocessing of solution-deposited nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2010; 6:1812-21. [PMID: 20665755 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201000345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The application of nanoscale electrical and biological devices will benefit from the development of nanomanufacturing technologies that are high-throughput, low-cost, and flexible. Utilizing nanomaterials as building blocks and organizing them in a rational way constitutes an attractive approach towards this goal and has been pursued for the past few years. The optical near-field nanoprocessing of nanoparticles for high-throughput nanomanufacturing is reported. The method utilizes fluidically assembled microspheres as a near-field optical confinement structure array for laser-assisted nanosintering and nanoablation of nanoparticles. By taking advantage of the low processing temperature and reduced thermal diffusion in the nanoparticle film, a minimum feature size down to approximately 100 nm is realized. In addition, smaller features (50 nm) are obtained by furnace annealing of laser-sintered nanodots at 400 degrees C. The electrical conductivity of sintered nanolines is also studied. Using nanoline electrodes separated by a submicrometer gap, organic field-effect transistors are subsequently fabricated with oxygen-stable semiconducting polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Pan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California 6177 Etcheverry Hall, Mailstop 1740, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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53
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Soto CM, Ratna BR. Virus hybrids as nanomaterials for biotechnology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2010; 21:426-38. [PMID: 20688511 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The current review describes advances in the field of bionanotechnology in which viruses are used to fabricate nanomaterials. Viruses are introduced as protein cages, scaffolds, and templates for the production of biohybrid nanostructured materials where organic and inorganic molecules are incorporated in a precise and a controlled fashion. Genetic engineering enables the insertion or replacement of selected amino acids on virus capsids for uses from bioconjugation to crystal growth. The variety of nanomaterials generated in rod-like and spherical viruses is highlighted for tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), M13 bacteriophage, cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV), and cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV). Functional biohybrid nanomaterials find applications in biosensing, memory devices, nanocircuits, light-harvesting systems, and nanobatteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa M Soto
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA.
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54
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Unruh DA, Mauldin C, Pastine SJ, Rolandi M, Fréchet JMJ. Bifunctional Patterning of Mixed Monolayer Surfaces Using Scanning Probe Lithography for Multiplexed Directed Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:6890-1. [DOI: 10.1021/ja101627e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Unruh
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Clayton Mauldin
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Stefan J. Pastine
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Marco Rolandi
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Jean M. J. Fréchet
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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55
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Kim DC, Sohn JI, Zhou D, Duke TAJ, Kang DJ. Controlled assembly for well-defined 3D bioarchitecture using two active enzymes. ACS NANO 2010; 4:1580-1586. [PMID: 20180558 DOI: 10.1021/nn900610u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports that a bioarchitecture with two different active enzymes can be fabricated conveniently on a prepatterned surface by highly selective surface-templated layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly by coupling a bilayer of avidin/biotin-lactate oxidase (biotin-LOD) with a bilayer of avidin/biotin-horseradish peroxidase (biotin-HRP). The two different active enzymes can be utilized as excellent building blocks for the fabrication of well-defined 3D nanostructures with precise control of the position and height on the surface. In addition, the LBL assembled bienzyme structures are highly functional, and bioarchitectures based on LOD and HRP-mediated coupling reaction can be employed in a number of viable biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chung Kim
- BK21 Physics Research Division, Department of Energy Science, Institute of Basic Science, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Center for Nanotubes and Nanostructured Composites, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, South Korea
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56
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Stadermann J, Erber M, Komber H, Brandt J, Eichhorn KJ, Bönsch M, Mertig M, Voit B. Photopatternable Films of Block Copolymers Prepared through Double-Click Reaction. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma100109t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Stadermann
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Erber
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Josef Brandt
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus-Jochen Eichhorn
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Bönsch
- BioNanotechnology and Structure Formation Group, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Budapester Strasse 27, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Mertig
- BioNanotechnology and Structure Formation Group, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Budapester Strasse 27, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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57
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Wu CC, Reinhoudt DN, Otto C, Velders AH, Subramaniam V. Protein immobilization on Ni(II) ion patterns prepared by microcontact printing and dip-pen nanolithography. ACS NANO 2010; 4:1083-1091. [PMID: 20104881 DOI: 10.1021/nn901270c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
An indirect method of protein patterning by using Ni(II) ion templates for immobilization via a specific metal-protein interaction is described. A nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA)-terminated self-assembled monolayer (SAM) allows oriented binding of histidine-tagged proteins via complexation with late first-row transition metal ions, such as Ni(II). Patterns of nickel(II) ions were prepared on NTA SAM-functionalized glass slides by microcontact printing (microCP) and dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) to obtain micrometer and submicrometer scale patterns. Consecutive dipping of the slides in 6His-protein solutions resulted in the formation of protein patterns, as was subsequently proven by AFM and confocal fluorescence microscopy. This indirect method prevents denaturation of fragile biomolecules caused by direct printing or writing of proteins. Moreover, it yields well-defined patterned monolayers of proteins and, in principle, is indifferent for biomolecules with a high molecular weight. This approach also enabled us to characterize the transfer of Ni(II) ions on fundamental parameters of DPN, such as writing speeds and tip-surface contact times, while writing with the smallest possible ink "molecules" (i.e., metal ions).
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58
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Kramer MA, Park HC, Ivanisevic A. Dip-pen nanolithography on SiOx and tissue-derived substrates: comparison with multiple biological inks. SCANNING 2010; 32:30-34. [PMID: 20035551 DOI: 10.1002/sca.20160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
There has been extensive interest in the micro and nanoscale manipulation of various substrates in the past few decades. One promising technique is dip-pen nanolithography which has shown the capability to pattern substrates of all forms including, tissue-derived substrates. Patterning of tissue-derived substrates is of particular interest, as it would facilitate studies into controlling cell morphology and cell-substrate interaction. To expand the field into this area both peptides and bioactive collagen-binding peptide-linked biomolecules were patterned to the inner collagenous zone of the Bruch's membrane (BM). Collagen-binding peptide, and extra cellular matrix (ECM) proteins laminin and fibronectin were patterned on the BM and SiO(x). The lithographic protocol was facilitated by Triton X-100 which was used to clean the tissue-derived construct after harvesting. This produced a collagen-exposed BM which was more hydrophilic (contact angle 67 degrees +/-8.49 degrees) surface compared with other cleaning methods but it maintained similar surface roughness (root-mean-square) 80+/-18 nm and collagen exposure. This type of surface can be readily patterned with the chosen inks under lower humidity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus A Kramer
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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59
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Rosa LG, Liang J. Atomic force microscope nanolithography: dip-pen, nanoshaving, nanografting, tapping mode, electrochemical and thermal nanolithography. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:483001. [PMID: 21832507 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/48/483001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been widely employed as a nanoscopic lithography technique. In this review, we summarize the current state of research in this field. We introduce the various forms of the technique, such as nanoshaving, nanografting and dip-pen nanolithography, which we classify according to the different interactions between the AFM probe and the substrate during the nanolithography fabrication process. Mechanical force, applied by the tip to the substrate, is the variable that can be controlled with good precision in AFM and it has been utilized in patterning self-assembled monolayers. In such applications, the AFM tip can break some relatively weak chemical bonds inside the monolayer. In general, the state of the art for AFM nanolithography demonstrates the power, resolution and versatility of the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis G Rosa
- Department of Physics and Electronics, University of Puerto Rico-Humacao, 100 Road 908 CUH Station, Humacao, PR 00791, USA. The Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Facundo Bueso Building, Rio Piedras, PR 00931, USA
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60
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Arrabito G, Musumeci C, Aiello V, Libertino S, Compagnini G, Pignataro B. On the relationship between jetted inks and printed biopatterns: molecular-thin functional microarrays of glucose oxidase. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:6312-6318. [PMID: 19317422 DOI: 10.1021/la900071z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Arrays of circular spots of glucose oxidase have been obtained on functionalized silicon oxide by piezoelectric inkjet printing and the enzymatic activity toward glucose recognition has been monitored. The addition of glycerol to the molecular ink allows to obtain high spot definition and resolution (tens of micrometers wide; one molecule tall), but in spite of its well-known structural stabilizing properties, in dynamic conditions it may lead to increased protein stresses. The jetting voltage and pulse length have been found to be critical factors for both activity retention and pattern definition. High voltages and pulse lengths results in stress effects along with the loss of activity, which, at least in our experimental conditions, has been found to be recovered in time.
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61
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Wu CC, Xu H, Otto C, Reinhoudt DN, Lammertink RGH, Huskens J, Subramaniam V, Velders AH. Porous Multilayer-Coated AFM Tips for Dip-Pen Nanolithography of Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:7526-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja901756a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ching Wu
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology, Biophysical Engineering Group, Molecular Nanofabrication Group, and Membrane Technology Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Huaping Xu
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology, Biophysical Engineering Group, Molecular Nanofabrication Group, and Membrane Technology Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Cees Otto
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology, Biophysical Engineering Group, Molecular Nanofabrication Group, and Membrane Technology Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - David N. Reinhoudt
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology, Biophysical Engineering Group, Molecular Nanofabrication Group, and Membrane Technology Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Rob G. H. Lammertink
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology, Biophysical Engineering Group, Molecular Nanofabrication Group, and Membrane Technology Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan Huskens
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology, Biophysical Engineering Group, Molecular Nanofabrication Group, and Membrane Technology Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Vinod Subramaniam
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology, Biophysical Engineering Group, Molecular Nanofabrication Group, and Membrane Technology Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Aldrik H. Velders
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology, Biophysical Engineering Group, Molecular Nanofabrication Group, and Membrane Technology Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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62
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Abstract
We chemically immobilized live, motile Escherichia coli on micrometer-scale, photocatalytically patterned silicon surfaces via amine- and carboxylic acid-based chemistries. Immobilization facilitated (i) controlled positioning; (ii) high resolution cell wall imaging via atomic force microscopy (AFM); and (iii) chemical analysis with time-of-flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Spinning motion of tethered bacteria, captured with fast-acquisition video, proved microbe viability. We expect our protocols to open new experimental doors for basic and applied studies of microorganisms, from host-pathogen relationships, to microbial forensics and drug discovery, to biosensors and biofuel cell optimization.
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63
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Bearinger JP, Stone G, Dugan LC, El Dasher B, Stockton C, Conway JW, Kuenzler T, Hubbell JA. Porphyrin-based photocatalytic nanolithography: a new fabrication tool for protein arrays. Mol Cell Proteomics 2009; 8:1823-31. [PMID: 19406753 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800585-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoarray fabrication is a multidisciplinary endeavor encompassing materials science, chemical engineering, and biology. We formed nanoarrays via a new technique, porphyrin-based photocatalytic nanolithography. The nanoarrays, with controlled features as small as 200 nm, exhibited regularly ordered patterns and may be appropriate for (a) rapid and parallel proteomics screening of immobilized biomolecules, (b) protein-protein interactions, and/or (c) biophysical and molecular biology studies involving spatially dictated ligand placement. We demonstrated protein immobilization utilizing nanoarrays fabricated via photocatalytic nanolithography on silicon substrates where the immobilized proteins are surrounded by a non-fouling polymer background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane P Bearinger
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.
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64
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In situ synthesis and direct immobilization of ssDNA on electron beam patterned hydrogen silsesquioxane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3263190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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65
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Tan YH, Liu M, Nolting B, Go JG, Gervay-Hague J, Liu GY. A nanoengineering approach for investigation and regulation of protein immobilization. ACS NANO 2008; 2:2374-84. [PMID: 19206405 PMCID: PMC4512660 DOI: 10.1021/nn800508f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
It is known that protein attachment to surfaces depends sensitively upon the local structure and environment of the binding sites at the nanometer scale. Using nanografting and reversal nanografting, both atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based lithography techniques, protein binding sites with well-defined local environments are designed and engineered with nanometer precision. Three proteins, goat antibiotin immunoglobulin G (IgG), lysozyme, and rabbit immunoglobulin G, are immobilized onto these engineered surfaces. Strong dependence on the dimension and spatial distribution of protein binding sites are revealed in antibody recognition, covalent attachment via primary amine residues and surface-bound aldehyde groups. This investigation indicates that AFM-based nanolithography enables the production of protein nanostructures, and more importantly, protein-surface interactions at a molecular level can be regulated by changing the binding domains and their local environment at nanometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih Horng Tan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Maozi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Birte Nolting
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Joan G. Go
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | | | - Gang-yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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66
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Kim DC, Kang DJ. Molecular Recognition and Specific Interactions for Biosensing Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2008; 8:6605-6641. [PMID: 27873889 PMCID: PMC3707470 DOI: 10.3390/s8106605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Revised: 10/16/2008] [Accepted: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Molecular recognition and specific interactions are reliable and versatile routes for site-specific and well-oriented immobilization of functional biomolecules on surfaces. The control of surface properties via the molecular recognition and specific interactions at the nanoscale is a key element for the nanofabrication of biosensors with high sensitivity and specificity. This review intends to provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular recognition- and specific interaction-mediated biosensor fabrication routes that leads to biosensors with well-ordered and controlled structures on both nanopatterned surfaces and nanomaterials. Herein self-assembly of the biomolecules via the molecular recognition and specific interactions on nanoscaled surfaces as well as nanofabrication techniques of the biomolecules for biosensor architecture are discussed. We also describe the detection of molecular recognition- and specific interaction-mediated molecular binding as well as advantages of nanoscale detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chung Kim
- BK 21 Physics Research Division, Institute of Basic Science, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Center for Nanotubes and Nanostructured Composites, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.
| | - Dae Joon Kang
- BK 21 Physics Research Division, Institute of Basic Science, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Center for Nanotubes and Nanostructured Composites, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.
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67
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Abstract
The development of surfaces that have switchable properties, also known as smart surfaces, have been actively pursued in the past few years. The recent surge of interest in these switchable systems stems from the widespread number of applications to many areas in science and technology ranging from environmental cleanup to data storage, micro- and nanofluidic devices. Moreover, the ability to modulate biomolecule activity, protein immobilisation, and cell adhesion at the liquid-solid interface is important in a variety of biological and medical applications, including biofouling, chromatography, cell culture, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Different materials have been exploited to induce such changes in surface biological properties that are mostly based on self-assembled monolayers or polymer films. This critical review focuses on the recent progress in the preparation of these switchable surfaces, and highlights their applications in biological environments. The review is organized according to the external stimuli used to manipulate the properties of the substrate-chemical/biochemical, thermal, electric and optical stimuli. Current and future challenges in the field of smart biological surfaces are addressed (189 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Mendes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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68
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Ribeck N, Saleh OA. Multiplexed single-molecule measurements with magnetic tweezers. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2008; 79:094301. [PMID: 19044437 DOI: 10.1063/1.2981687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a method for performing multiple single-molecule manipulation experiments in parallel with magnetic tweezers. We use a microscope with a low magnification, and thus a wide field of view, to visualize multiple DNA-tethered paramagnetic beads and apply an optimized image analysis routine to track the three-dimensional position of each bead simultaneously in real time. Force is applied to each bead using an externally applied magnetic field. Since variations in the field parameters are negligible across the field of view, nearly identical manipulation of all visible beads is possible. However, we find that the error in the position measurement is inversely proportional to the microscope's magnification. To mitigate the increased error caused by demagnification, we have developed a strategy based on tracking multiple fixed beads. Our system is capable of simultaneously manipulating and tracking up to 34 DNA-tethered beads at 60 Hz with approximately 1.5 nm resolution and with approximately 10% variation in applied force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Ribeck
- Physics Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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69
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Integration of an electrochemical-based biolithography technique into an AFM system. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:2711-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-1952-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2007] [Revised: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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