51
|
Schooler GR, Restrepo R, Mas RP, Lee EY. Congenital Incidental Findings in Children that Can Be Mistaken as True Pathologies in Adults. Radiol Clin North Am 2020; 58:639-652. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
52
|
Brucoli M, Boffano P, Benech A, Rosa S, Garzaro M, Aluffi Valletti P. Congenital nonvascular neck masses: a retrospective analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2020; 129:192-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
53
|
Ning Y, Li C, Wang X, Zhu G, Cai Y, Jang J, Sun R, Liu D, Sheng J. Resection of Second, Third, and Fourth Branchial Cleft Anomalies with Recurrent or Repeated Neck Infection Using the Selective Neck Dissection Technique. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2020; 82:59-66. [PMID: 32092758 DOI: 10.1159/000501893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the applied value of the selective neck dissection to treat second, third, and fourth branchial cleft anomalies with recurrent or repeated neck infections. METHOD We made a retrospective study about 29 patients with the second, third, and fourth branchial cleft anomalies with recurrent or repeated neck infections who were treated by surgery from 2002 to 2018 in Sichuan Province Cancer Hospital. According to the characteristics of branchial cleft anomaly on embryology and anatomy, different types of selective neck dissection were chosen to remove pathological scar tissue or inflammatory tissue en bloc. RESULT Of 29 cases, 28 had primary healing, and 1 had local infection, healing after dressing change for a long time. In 1 case, branchial cleft anomalies adhered to the internal jugular vein, which was ruptured and sutured. During the follow-up time of 12∼195 months with an average of 91.76 months, there were no recurrent cases. CONCLUSION The selective neck dissection technique is safe and effective in the treatment of branchial cleft anomalies with recurrent or repeated neck infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Ning
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China,
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Guiquan Zhu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongcong Cai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Jang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ronghao Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dinrong Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Neijiang Second People's Hospital, Neijiang, China
| | - JianFeng Sheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Mianyang Third People's Hospital, Mianyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Mestanova V, Varga I, Adamkov M. Impaired histomorphology might provoke cell cycle regulators alteration in thymus of children with various congenital heart defects. Med Hypotheses 2020; 138:109599. [PMID: 32036197 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thymus, as a primary site of appropriate adaptive immunity formation, is an essential organ in face of a self-tolerance as well as a potential menace from impairment of body integrity. Due to vital selection processes during differentiation and maturation of T lymphocytes, control over cell survival and programmed cell death must be orchestrated in detail. Indeed, thymus is highly sensitive to wide spectrum of stressors that initiate acute structural changes. Hypoxia, one of the most common complications in congenital heart defects (CHDs) patients, provokes stress-induced thymus involution. Disrupted embryolonic development of thymus in association with congenital heart defects, may negatively affect physiological immune mechanisms. We propose that detailed analysis of thymic morphology could critically contribute to unveil the pathophysiology of diseases associated with disrupted adaptive immunity in children with heterogeneous congenital heart diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Mestanova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4, Martin 036 01, Slovak Republic.
| | - Ivan Varga
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, Bratislava 811 08, Slovak Republic
| | - Marian Adamkov
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4, Martin 036 01, Slovak Republic
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Goh LC, Norain RS, Shifa Z, Manuel AM. Bilateral Second Arch Branchial Fistula-A Case Report. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY 2019; 31:383-386. [PMID: 31857983 PMCID: PMC6914326 DOI: 10.22038/ijorl.2019.35910.2186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Branchial arch anomalies represent defects in embryological developments whereby parts of the branchial arch persist in the head and neck regions as sinuses, fistulas, or cysts. These anomalies usually present as a unilateral lesion in the head and neck of young adults and children, which are excised upon the emergence of complications. Case Report: Herein, we presented a rare case of a 4-year-old child, who had been diagnosed with a complete bilateral second arch branchial fistula. The excision was made using the bilateral stepladder approach and tonsillectomy. Conclusion: The bilateral stepladder approach was a feasible method in excising a complete bilateral branchial fistula. However, larger-scale studies should be conducted on the surgical techniques of bilateral branchial fistulae excision in order to optimize the cosmetic outcome of the surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Chye Goh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Roslim-Siti Norain
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zulkifli Shifa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospial Sultanah Bahiyah, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Anura-Michelle Manuel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Veugen CC, Blom HM. A two-year-old with a duplicated external auditory canal; a first branchial cleft anomaly. ACTA OTO-LARYNGOLOGICA CASE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/23772484.2019.1698957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Henk M. Blom
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, HagaZiekenhuis, The Hague, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Mehmi N, Kumar R, Sagar P, Singh CA, Kumar R, Thakar A, Sharma SC. Importance and Impact of Appropriate Radiology in the Management of Branchial Cleft Anomalies. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019; 71:953-959. [PMID: 31742101 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-019-01634-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Branchial cleft anomalies are common differential diagnosis of neck masses. However, depending on the origin (1st, 2nd, 3rd or 4th arch), this pathology presents at different locations as cyst, sinus and fistula. Incomplete excision or incision and drainage of infected branchial cleft anomalies (cystic presentation) can lead to multiple recurrences. Appropriate radiology is imperative to make a correct diagnosis and to achieve complete excision to prevent recurrence. Our case series highlights the mode of presentation, appropriate radiology and management for each type of branchial cleft anomalies. Data of 27 patients with the diagnosis of branchial cleft anomaly and treated in the department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery in a tertiary care referral centre in last 5 years was analysed retrospectively. Demographic data in terms of age, sex, laterality, clinical presentation, duration of symptoms and radiological investigations if any were recorded. The mean age at presentation was 22.1 years in this series of 27 cases including six (22.2%) recurrent cases. Most common clinical presentation was discharging sinus (59.25%) followed by cystic neck swelling (33.3%). Second branchial cleft anomalies were commonest (51.8%) followed by first branchial cleft anomalies (29.6%). Appropriate radiology was available for 17 (62.9%) patients. Branchial cleft anomaly is an important differential diagnosis of neck mass. Appropriate radiology helps in complete excision and prevents recurrences. Recurrent cases pose surgical challenge owing to fibrosis from previous surgery which further increases the chances of incomplete excision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namrita Mehmi
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prem Sagar
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chirom Amit Singh
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Alok Thakar
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh C Sharma
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Cunqueiro A, Gomes WA, Lee P, Dym RJ, Scheinfeld MH. CT of the Neck: Image Analysis and Reporting in the Emergency Setting. Radiographics 2019; 39:1760-1781. [PMID: 31589582 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2019190012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Interpreting findings seen at CT of the neck is challenging owing to the complex and nuanced anatomy of the neck, which contains multiple organ systems in a relatively small area. In the emergency department setting, CT is performed to investigate acute infectious or inflammatory symptoms and chronic processes. With few exceptions, neck CT should be performed with intravenous contrast material, which accentuates abnormally enhancing phlegmonous and neoplastic tissues and can be used to delineate any abscesses or necrotic areas. As part of the evaluation, the vascular structures and aerodigestive tract must be scrutinized, particularly for patency. Furthermore, although the patient may present because of symptoms that suggest non-life-threatening conditions involving structures such as the teeth or salivary glands, there may be serious implications for other areas, such as the orbits, brain, and spinal cord, that also may be revealed at the examination. With a focus on the emergency setting, the authors propose using an approach to interpreting neck CT findings whereby 12 areas are systematically evaluated and reported on: the cutaneous and subcutaneous soft tissues, aerodigestive tract and adjacent soft tissues, teeth and periodontal tissues, thyroid gland, salivary glands, lymph nodes, vascular structures, bony airspaces, cervical spine, orbits and imaged brain, lung apices, and superior mediastinum. The use of a systematic approach to interpreting neck CT findings is essential for identifying all salient findings, recognizing and synthesizing the implications of these findings to formulate the correct diagnosis, and reporting the findings and impressions in a complete, clear, and logical manner.Online supplemental material is available for this article.©RSNA, 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Cunqueiro
- From the Division of Emergency Radiology (M.H.S.), Department of Radiology (A.C., P.L.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 E 210 St, Bronx, NT 10467; Department of Radiology, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY (W.A.G.); and Department of Radiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ (R.J.D.)
| | - William A Gomes
- From the Division of Emergency Radiology (M.H.S.), Department of Radiology (A.C., P.L.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 E 210 St, Bronx, NT 10467; Department of Radiology, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY (W.A.G.); and Department of Radiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ (R.J.D.)
| | - Peter Lee
- From the Division of Emergency Radiology (M.H.S.), Department of Radiology (A.C., P.L.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 E 210 St, Bronx, NT 10467; Department of Radiology, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY (W.A.G.); and Department of Radiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ (R.J.D.)
| | - R Joshua Dym
- From the Division of Emergency Radiology (M.H.S.), Department of Radiology (A.C., P.L.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 E 210 St, Bronx, NT 10467; Department of Radiology, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY (W.A.G.); and Department of Radiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ (R.J.D.)
| | - Meir H Scheinfeld
- From the Division of Emergency Radiology (M.H.S.), Department of Radiology (A.C., P.L.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 E 210 St, Bronx, NT 10467; Department of Radiology, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY (W.A.G.); and Department of Radiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ (R.J.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Sumana B, Sahaja K, Kalyani B, Swarupa K, Rao VRK. Branchial Cyst with Branchial Fistula: A Rare Association. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019; 71:633-636. [DOI: 10.1007/s12070-018-1443-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
|
60
|
Iaremenko AI, Kolegova TE, Sharova OL. Endoscopically-Associated Hairline Approach to Excision of Second Branchial Cleft Cysts. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019; 71:618-627. [PMID: 31742031 PMCID: PMC6848566 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-018-1439-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the treatment outcome and post-operation rehabilitation of patients with second branchial cleft cysts (SBCC), 46 patients were operated for SBCC. 22 patients were operated by conventional approach, 22 patients were operated by original occipital hairline approach and 2 patients were operated via axillary approach. Assessment of intra-operation and post-operation complications was done and comparative evaluation of the preparations of the morphological structure in the main and reference group I was conducted. Clinical psychological assessment was performed in the post-operation period. Based on the clinical criteria and morphological method, the authors made conclusions on the benefits of the proposed approach to the excision of SBCC and determined indications and contraindications to endoscopically-associated surgery via the proposed approach. Comparative analysis of beneficial outcome clinically significant criteria of the conventional, axillary and proposed original approaches showed differences in the following criteria: "average operation time", "average wound dressing duration", "average duration of hospitalization" and "subjective satisfaction with incision scar". There were no differences revealed in the criteria "average incision length". The proposed approach allowed the authors to shorten the treatment duration and to accelerate the patients port-operation recovery. Due to the proposed approach, the incision opened the fascial layer where the cyst was located. The dissection was performed along the hairline and did not involve upper and lower located layers. Minimal surgery traumatic rate of the proposed approach was proved by the morphological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei I. Iaremenko
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, 6-8 Lva Tolstogo Str., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation 197022
| | - Tatiana E. Kolegova
- Clinics of Maxillofacial Surgery, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, 6-8 Lva Tolstogo Str., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation 197022
| | - Olga L. Sharova
- National Center for Clinical Morphological Diagnostics, Llc, 6H 8/2A Oleko Dundicha Street, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation 192283
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Adnan SH, Nobecourt P, Tran S, Radhakrishnan RS, Bowen-Jallow KA. Fourth branchial cleft cyst and congenital absence of the contralateral thyroid lobe. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY CASE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2019.101245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
|
62
|
Kato H, Kawaguchi M, Ando T, Aoki M, Kuze B, Matsuo M. CT and MR imaging findings of non-neoplastic cystic lesions of the parotid gland. Jpn J Radiol 2019; 37:627-635. [PMID: 31352657 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-019-00858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A variety of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of the parotid gland can present with a predominantly cystic architecture, and although radiologists frequently encounter cystic parotid tumors, other non-neoplastic lesions should also be included in the differential diagnoses of cystic parotid lesions. Non-neoplastic cystic lesions are usually classified as either congenital/acquired cystic lesions or inflammatory/infectious lesions. Adequate knowledge about these rare conditions is essential for appropriate diagnosis and optimal treatment strategy. This review article describes CT and MR imaging features of non-neoplastic cystic lesions of the parotid gland and provides helpful suggestions on the differential diagnoses for cystic parotid lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kato
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Masaya Kawaguchi
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ando
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Aoki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Bunya Kuze
- Department of Otolaryngology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masayuki Matsuo
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Hirshoren N, Fried N, Weinberger JM, Eliashar R, Korem M. The Microbiology Characteristics of Infected Branchial Cleft Anomalies. OTO Open 2019; 3:2473974X19861065. [PMID: 31428729 PMCID: PMC6684145 DOI: 10.1177/2473974x19861065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the microbiology profile of infected branchial cleft anomalies compared to deep neck infection and explore the influence of age on culture findings. Study Design A retrospective case control study. Setting A single tertiary medical center. Subjects and Methods Patients treated for branchial cleft anomalies between 2006 and 2016 were included. Demographic data, disease and treatment parameters, and microbiology profile, including bacteria classification, antibiotics resistance patterns, and number of pathogens, were analyzed. Results Of 278 cases treated for branchial cleft anomalies, we have analyzed 69 cases with infection and pathogen identification. The proportion of monobacterial infections was higher (70.6% vs 44.3%; P = .003; odds ratio [OR], 3.02) and the proportion of Streptococcus species infection was lower (48.9% vs 77.2%; P = .001; OR, 0.282) among the infected branchial cleft cases compared to deep neck infections. Anaerobic bacteria infection did not differ between groups (17.8% and 16.5%, respectively). There was a nonsignificant tendency toward more resistant bacterial strains among the infected branchial clefts (15.6% vs 6.3%; P = .118; OR, 2.726). There was no difference between the bacterial profile of patients younger or older than 16 years. Conclusions The microbiology profile of infected branchial cleft anomalies is not age related and is different from that of deep neck infections. We demonstrate a relatively high frequency of monobacterial infections, relatively lower streptococcal infection rates, and a substantial contribution by resistant species and anaerobes. Empiric antibiotic treatment should cover Streptococcus species, including penicillin-resistant species, as well as clindamycin-resistant anaerobes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nir Hirshoren
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Neta Fried
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jeffrey M Weinberger
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ron Eliashar
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maya Korem
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Oren N, Vaysberg A, Ginat DT. Updated WHO nomenclature of head and neck lesions and associated imaging findings. Insights Imaging 2019; 10:72. [PMID: 31312967 PMCID: PMC6635538 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-019-0760-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the imaging features of head and neck lesions with updated 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) nomenclature. The major WHO changes include refined terminology of existing entities, descriptions of new tumor types, elimination of defunct categories, and updated biological characterization of various tumor types. In particular, the updates pertaining to the following conditions will be reviewed: tumors of the oral cavity and oropharynx, including HPV-positive or HPV-negative squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma; tumors of the hypopharynx, larynx, trachea, and parapharyngeal space, including nomenclature revisions for laryngeal neuroendocrine tumors; tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses including newly added entities such as NUT carcinoma and biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma; odontogenic and maxillofacial bone tumors, including the reversal of terminology for certain cystic lesions; tumors of the salivary glands, including updated terminology related to high-grade transformation and polymorphous adenocarcinomas tumors; temporal bone lesions including modifications of the nomenclature and classification criteria; tumor-like lesions of the neck and lymph nodes, with a discussion encompassing developmental cysts, metastases of unknown primary, and heterotopia-associated neoplasia; and mucosal melanoma. Familiarity with the proper WHO terminology for conditions that might be mentioned in differential diagnoses and a general understanding of the behavior of head and neck lesions can help optimize imaging assessment and reporting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nisa Oren
- Department of Radiology, Section of Neuroradiology, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Anatoliy Vaysberg
- Department of Radiology, Section of Neuroradiology, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Daniel T Ginat
- Department of Radiology, Section of Neuroradiology, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Periderm invasion contributes to epithelial formation in the teleost pharynx. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10082. [PMID: 31300674 PMCID: PMC6626026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The gnathostome pharyngeal cavity functions in food transport and respiration. In amniotes the mouth and nares are the only channels allowing direct contact between internal and external epithelia. In teleost fish, gill slits arise through opening of endodermal pouches and connect the pharynx to the exterior. Using transgenic zebrafish lines, cell tracing, live imaging and different markers, we investigated if pharyngeal openings enable epithelial invasion and how this modifies the pharyngeal epithelium. We conclude that in zebrafish the pharyngeal endoderm becomes overlain by cells with a peridermal phenotype. In a wave starting from pouch 2, peridermal cells from the outer skin layer invade the successive pouches until halfway their depth. Here the peridermal cells connect to a population of cells inside the pharyngeal cavity that express periderm markers, yet do not invade from outside. The latter population expands along the midline from anterior to posterior until the esophagus-gut boundary. Together, our results show a novel role for the periderm as an internal epithelium becomes adapted to function as an external surface.
Collapse
|
66
|
Buch K, Reinshagen KL, Juliano AF. MR Imaging Evaluation of Pediatric Neck Masses:. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2019; 27:173-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
67
|
First branchial cleft fistula (Work Type 2) with an internal opening to the Eustachian tube: Case report and review of literature. Radiol Case Rep 2019; 14:819-824. [PMID: 31049118 PMCID: PMC6484227 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2019.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
First branchial cleft anomalies are rare congenital defects of the head and neck. This case report presents a 12-year-old patient with a draining cutaneous pit approximately 1-cm anterior and 5-mm inferior to the right angle of the mandible. Imaging revealed a fistula between the cutaneous pit and Eustachian tube. Further characterization with methylene blue injection into the cutaneous pit resulted in spillage through the right Eustachian tube. Surgical excision of the fistula revealed a cylindrical structure comprised of ectodermal and mesodermal features that most likely represented a Work Type 2 first branchial cleft fistula.
Collapse
|
68
|
Guillot M, Bélanger RE, Frenette L. Whistling an unfamiliar tune. Paediatr Child Health 2019; 24:65-66. [PMID: 30996591 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxx108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Guillot
- Department of Paediatrics, Centre mère-enfant Soleil, CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec
| | - Richard E Bélanger
- Department of Paediatrics, Centre mère-enfant Soleil, CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Branch, CHU de Québec Research Centre, Québec City, Québec
| | - Lyne Frenette
- Department of Paediatrics, Centre mère-enfant Soleil, CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Mattioni J, Azari S, Hoover T, Weaver D, Chennupati SK. A cross-sectional evaluation of outcomes of pediatric branchial cleft cyst excision. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 119:171-176. [PMID: 30735909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine complications following pediatric branchial cleft cyst excision by surgical specialty, demographics, and comorbid conditions. METHODS A retrospective review of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was performed. Pediatric cases from January 1, 2015 through May 1, 2017 with a current procedural terminology code of 42810 (excision branchial cleft cyst or vestige, confined to skin and subcutaneous tissues) or 42815 (excision branchial cleft cyst, vestige, or fistula, extending beneath subcutaneous tissues and/or into the pharynx) were included. Statistical analysis was performed to assess associations between complications and surgical specialty, demographics, and comorbidities. RESULTS Of the 895 cases that met inclusion criteria, the median age was two years and there was an approximately equal number of males (46.8%) and females (53.2%). Forty-five patients (5.0%) experienced at least one 30-day complication, the most predominant of which was superficial surgical site infection. There was no statistically significant difference between complications and surgical specialty, complications and patient demographics, or complications and depth of excision. There was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.05) in the percentage of patients with a past medical history of developmental delay between those with at least one complication (11.1%) compared to those without any complications (4.2%). CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE Branchial cleft excision is a generally safe procedure across surgical specialties and patient demographics. There is an association between a history of developmental delay and 30-day postoperative complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Mattioni
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Resident, Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA.
| | - Sarah Azari
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | - Travis Hoover
- Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Daniel Weaver
- Lehigh University, 27 Memorial Dr W Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA.
| | - Sri Kiran Chennupati
- Pediatric Otolaryngology, Lehigh Valley Children's Hospital, 1210 S Cedar Crest Blvd, Allentown, PA, 18103, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Ahmed ME, Ahmed MER, El Batawi AM, Abdelfattah HM, Jelassi N. Internal Hypopharyngeal Cyst: A Review of Literature. Dysphagia 2019; 34:487-498. [PMID: 30927081 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-019-10003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Detailed information on the hypopharyngeal cyst presentation, terminology, classification, diagnosis, management, and possible complication is scarce though it would lead to life-threatening symptoms. This review article, therefore, meticulously presents and analyzes the majority of the pertaining literature. In this context, a particular emphasis has been placed on the embryological development of the branchial arches while discussing each entity that would improve the current understanding of different pharyngeal cyst's pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mona El-Rabie Ahmed
- Department of Phoniatrics, Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sohag University, Egypt-Sohag-Nasr City, Eastern Avenue, University Street, Sohag, 82524, Egypt.
| | | | | | - Noura Jelassi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tunisia University, Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Pitak-Arnnop P, Subbalekha K, Sirintawat N, Auychai P, Klaisiri A, Neff A. Intraoperative injection of combined fibrin sealant and methylene blue dye for surgery of branchial cleft cysts: A case report. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2019; 120:378-382. [PMID: 30797901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Differential diagnosis of a lateral neck mass, especially in paediatric patients, should include branchial cleft cysts (BrCC). It is often difficult to identify and completely resect all cystic components, especially when the lesion becomes infected and/or gigantic. Incomplete excision increases the likelihood of recurrences. We reported a simple technique to facilitate the BrCC resection. Tisseel fibrin glue (FG: Baxter AG, Vienna, Austria) was mixed with methylene blue dye in inverse portion to the cyst size and/or the FG volume before injecting into the cystic lumen. After polymerisation of the dyed glue, the lesion was better visualised and extirpated in toto with the aid of the dye colour and gelatinisation by FG. An up-to-date diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for BrCC was also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Pitak-Arnnop
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial, UKGM GmbH, University Hospital of Marburg, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.
| | - K Subbalekha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - N Sirintawat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - P Auychai
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - A Klaisiri
- Divisions of Operative Dentistry and Material Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - A Neff
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial, UKGM GmbH, University Hospital of Marburg, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Stadler TM, Morand GB, Schmid S, Broglie MA. Congenital fistula of the fourth branchial arch: Report of case with long-lasting misdiagnosis. Clin Case Rep 2019; 7:295-298. [PMID: 30847192 PMCID: PMC6389478 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fourth branchial arch anomalies are extremely rare. The anatomic course of the fourth branchial arch fistula usually determines the delay in diagnosis. High clinical suspicion should be given to reoccurring neck infections in infants and young adults. Diagnosis is obtained by direct laryngoscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Stadler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology ‐ Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Grégoire B. Morand
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology ‐ Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Stephan Schmid
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology ‐ Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Martina A. Broglie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology ‐ Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to review the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment outcomes of second branchial cleft anomalies, and to evaluate the usefulness and accuracy of preoperative fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of branchial cleft cysts. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed at Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital from January 2010 to December 2016. RESULTS Among 25 patients with second branchial cleft anomalies, in 23 patients (92.0%), these anomalies presented as cysts, and in the remaining 2 patients (8.0%), these anomalies presented as fistulas. Fine-needle aspiration cytology had a diagnostic sensitivity of 100%, a positive-predictive value of 100%, and accuracy of 100% for diagnosing second branchial cleft cyst. All patients of second branchial cleft anomalies were treated surgically under general anesthesia. No recurrence of second branchial cleft anomalies was observed. CONCLUSION Branchial cleft cysts were the most common type of second branchial cleft anomalies. Preoperative FNAC is a useful and accurate method for preoperative evaluation of branchial cleft cysts. Surgical excision of second branchial cleft anomalies is the treatment of choice without any complications and with no recurrence.
Collapse
|
74
|
Shen LF, Zhou SH, Chen QQ, Yu Q. Second branchial cleft anomalies in children: a literature review. Pediatr Surg Int 2018; 34:1251-1256. [PMID: 30251021 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-018-4348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Branchial cleft anomalies are the second most common head and neck congenital lesions in children. It may sometimes be a part of branchio-oto-renal (BOR) syndrome, so in patients with branchial cleft anomalies associated with a complaint of auricular deformity or a similar history and findings in other family members, we should take an additional examination to find the possibility of BOR syndrome. Complete excision is essential for good prognosis. For the management of branchial cleft anomalies, various methods have been reported. Endoscopically assisted dissection technique and transoral robot-assisted surgery were used in the management of fistula and allowed excellent visualization of the pharyngeal component of the lesion and a minimally invasive approach. It is essential for the surgeon to fully comprehend the congenital lesions to attain the correct preoperative diagnosis and plan for an appropriate surgical approach to prevent the most common complication and recurrence in these lesions. The following sections discuss the anatomy, common presentation, auxiliary examination, differential diagnosis, the current principles of surgical treatment and prognosis for second branchial cleft anomalies in children, and discussed the branchio-oto-renal syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fang Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qiong-Qiong Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Kawaguchi M, Kato H, Aoki M, Kuze B, Hara A, Matsuo M. CT and MR imaging findings of infection-free and benign second branchial cleft cysts. Radiol Med 2018; 124:199-205. [PMID: 30421386 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-018-0959-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to assess CT and MR imaging findings of infection-free and benign second branchial cleft cysts (SBCCs). METHODS Eleven patients with histopathologically confirmed infection-free and benign SBCCs underwent preoperative contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) and/or MR imaging. We assessed qualitative (presence and extent of wall thickening, degree of contrast enhancement of the thickened wall on CECT images, and signal intensity of the thickened wall on T2-weighted images) and quantitative (maximum thickness of the thickened wall) imaging findings. RESULTS Eccentric and smooth wall thickening was observed in 11/11 (100%) patients. The wall thickening extent (percentage of the thickened wall to the circumference of the wall) was small (1%-25%) in 4/11 (36%), moderate (26%-50%) in 6/11 (54%), extensive (51%-75%) in 1/11 (9%), and diffuse (76%-100%) in 0/11 (0%) patients. Mild homogeneous enhancement of the thickened wall on CECT images was observed in 7/7 (100%) patients. The signal intensity of the thickened wall on T2-weighted images was isointense relative to that of normal lymph nodes in 7/8 (88%) and mildly hyperintense in 1/8 (12%) patient. The maximum thickness of the thickened walls ranged from 2 to 4 (mean 3.4) mm. CONCLUSIONS Infection-free and benign SBCCs are identifiable as cysts with eccentric and smooth wall thickening on CECT and MR images. The wall thickness was almost always less than half of the wall circumference, isointense relative to normal lymph nodes, and showed mild homogeneous enhancement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Kawaguchi
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiro Aoki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Bunya Kuze
- Department of Otolaryngology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masayuki Matsuo
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Oh JH, Chang YW, Lee EJ. Sonographic diagnosis of coexisting ectopic thyroid and fourth branchial cleft cyst. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2018; 46:582-584. [PMID: 30288756 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.22630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic thyroid and fourth branchial cleft anomaly are rare congenital anomalies of the neck. This is a case report of the coexistence of these two rare congenital anomalies in a 1-year-old girl. She had ectopic lingual thyroid and asymptomatic abscess in the fourth branchial cleft cyst, which was found in ultrasonography carried out to evaluate congenital hypothyroidism. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of ectopic thyroid coexisting with fourth branchial cleft anomaly in the same patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hee Oh
- Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Woo Chang
- Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Ji Lee
- Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Inarejos Clemente EJ, Navallas M, Tolend M, Suñol Capella M, Rubio-Palau J, Albert Cazalla A, Rebollo Polo M. Imaging Evaluation of Pediatric Parotid Gland Abnormalities. Radiographics 2018; 38:1552-1575. [DOI: 10.1148/rg.2018170011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio J. Inarejos Clemente
- From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (E.J.I.C., M.N., M.R.P.), Pathology (M.S.C.), and Maxillary and Oral Surgery (J.R.P., A.A.C.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Av. Sant Joan de Deu 2, CP 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain; and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.T.)
| | - María Navallas
- From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (E.J.I.C., M.N., M.R.P.), Pathology (M.S.C.), and Maxillary and Oral Surgery (J.R.P., A.A.C.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Av. Sant Joan de Deu 2, CP 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain; and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.T.)
| | - Mirkamal Tolend
- From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (E.J.I.C., M.N., M.R.P.), Pathology (M.S.C.), and Maxillary and Oral Surgery (J.R.P., A.A.C.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Av. Sant Joan de Deu 2, CP 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain; and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.T.)
| | - Mariona Suñol Capella
- From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (E.J.I.C., M.N., M.R.P.), Pathology (M.S.C.), and Maxillary and Oral Surgery (J.R.P., A.A.C.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Av. Sant Joan de Deu 2, CP 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain; and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.T.)
| | - Josep Rubio-Palau
- From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (E.J.I.C., M.N., M.R.P.), Pathology (M.S.C.), and Maxillary and Oral Surgery (J.R.P., A.A.C.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Av. Sant Joan de Deu 2, CP 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain; and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.T.)
| | - Asteria Albert Cazalla
- From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (E.J.I.C., M.N., M.R.P.), Pathology (M.S.C.), and Maxillary and Oral Surgery (J.R.P., A.A.C.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Av. Sant Joan de Deu 2, CP 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain; and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.T.)
| | - Monica Rebollo Polo
- From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (E.J.I.C., M.N., M.R.P.), Pathology (M.S.C.), and Maxillary and Oral Surgery (J.R.P., A.A.C.), Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Av. Sant Joan de Deu 2, CP 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain; and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Ugga L, Ravanelli M, Pallottino AA, Farina D, Maroldi R. Diagnostic work-up in obstructive and inflammatory salivary gland disorders. ACTA OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGICA ITALICA 2018; 37:83-93. [PMID: 28516970 PMCID: PMC5463527 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-1597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory and obstructive disorders of the salivary glands are caused by very different pathological conditions affecting the gland tissue and/or the excretory system. The clinical setting is essential to address the appropriate diagnostic imaging work-up. According to history and physical examination, four main clinical scenarios can be recognised: (1) acute generalised swelling of major salivary glands; (2) acute swelling of a single major salivary gland; (3) chronic generalised swelling of major salivary glands, associated or not with "dry mouth"; (4) chronic or prolonged swelling of a single major salivary gland. The algorithm for imaging salivary glands depends on the scenario with which the patient presents to the clinician. Imaging is essential to confirm clinical diagnosis, define the extent of the disease and identify complications. Imaging techniques include ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) with MR sialography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Ugga
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - M Ravanelli
- Department of Radiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - A A Pallottino
- Department of Radiology, Campus Biomedico University, Rome, Italy
| | - D Farina
- Department of Radiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - R Maroldi
- Department of Radiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Liu Z, Mohd Slim MA, Jackson C, Trimble K. Spontaneous closure of branchial sinus of the pyriform fossa. BMJ Case Rep 2018; 2018:bcr-2017-223691. [PMID: 29764823 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-223691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of third and fourth branchial cleft anomalies are similar. These anomalies should be suspected in a child with recurrent low-anterior neck abscess. Investigations in the form of cross-sectional studies and examination of the pharynx under anaesthesia will facilitate diagnosis and resolution of abscess. Spontaneous closure of the pyriform sinus can occur following conservative management with antibiotic treatment and abscess drainage. This emphasise the role of second-look prior to implementing endoscopic cauterisation or surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobo Liu
- Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Conor Jackson
- Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, UK
| | - Keith Trimble
- Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, UK
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Abstract
Most pediatric neck masses encountered in primary care are benign, reactive lymph nodes that originate from common pediatric viral processes. In a pediatric otolaryngology practice, more unusual pathologies are encountered, such as embryologic anomalies, vascular lesions, or neoplasms. Lesions that are larger or that have concerning features will ultimately need imaging and excisional biopsy for histopathologic confirmation of the diagnosis. A sound clinician understanding of anatomic neck spaces and common etiologies of pediatric neck masses can greatly reduce nonessential testing, cost, delay in treatment, and parental angst.
Collapse
|
81
|
Kim BH, Kwon SK, Hah J. Chemocauterization of second branchial cleft fistula using trichloroacetic acid: A preliminary report. Auris Nasus Larynx 2018; 45:143-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
82
|
Li W, Xu H, Zhao L, Li X. Branchial anomalies in children: A report of 105 surgical cases. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 104:14-18. [PMID: 29287855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Branchial anomalies (BAs) account for 20% of all congenital masses in children. We sought to review the incidence of involvement of individual anomalies, diagnostic methods, surgical treatment, and complications of BAs in children. In addition, we also classified our study and analyzed a congenital lower neck cutaneous fistula near the sternoclavicular joint that was thought to be the skin-side remnant of the fourth BAs. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of 105 children who were referred to our hospital from June 2009 to December 2016 for the treatment of BAs. RESULTS In this series, there were 51 males and 54 females. The age at the time of operation varied from 19 days to 13 years, and the mean age was 4.5 years. A total of 33 (31.4%) cases presented with first BAs, 13 (12.4%) presented with second BAs, and 59 (56.2%) presented with third and fourth BAs, including 6 cases of congenital lower neck cutaneous fistula. Fistulectomy under general anesthesia was performed on all of them. For postoperative complications, 2 cases had temporary facial paralysis, 1 case had permanent facial paralysis, 4 cases had temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. Recurrence occurred in 2 patients with first BAs after medium follow-up time of 3.6 years (6 months-8 years). CONCLUSIONS BAs are common congenital head and neck lesions in children, and there are four distinct types (first, second, third and fourth anomalies). The incidence of third and fourth BAs in Asia maybe higher when compared with literature reports, second BAs seem rare in this population, but more research is needed to confirm this perspective. Diagnosis is not difficult with a proper knowledge of the anatomy of the BAs. The surgical procedures should be tailored depending on the various types, and complete excision of the fistula is the key to prevent recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanpeng Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Hongming Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
The incidence of malignancy in clinically benign cystic lesions of the lateral neck: our experience and proposed diagnostic algorithm. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 275:767-773. [PMID: 29282522 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-017-4855-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Solitary cystic masses of the lateral neck in an adult patient can pose a diagnostic dilemma. Malignancy must be ruled out since metastases arising from H&N cancers may mimic the presentation of benign cystic masses. Only a small number of studies have investigated the diagnostic management and malignancy rate of clinically benign solitary cervical cystic lesions. There are no established guidelines for the diagnostic evaluation. METHODS Retrospective review of the clinical, cytological, radiological, and pathological records of all adult patients (> 18 years) operated on for second branchial cleft cysts (BrCC) between 1/2008-2010/2016. Patients with apparent primary H&N malignancy, history of H&N cancer or irradiation, preoperative fine needle aspiration (FNA) of highly suggestive or confirmed malignancy, missing pertinent data, or age less than 18 years were excluded from analysis. RESULTS 28 patients were diagnosed as having BrCC. The diagnosis was based on clinical findings, FNA cytology, and typical sonographic features. The histologic analysis determined an overall rate of malignancy of 10.7% (3/28): two patients had metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma, and one patient had metastatic tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma. Purely cystic features on pre-operative ultrasound was the only significant predictor for true BrCC on final histology (p = .02). CONCLUSIONS Occult malignancy is not rare among adult patients presenting with a solitary cystic mass of the lateral neck. A diagnostic algorithm is proposed. Further studies are needed to establish the appropriate workup and management of an adult patient presenting with a solitary cystic mass of the lateral neck.
Collapse
|
84
|
Lymphoepithelial Cyst in the Palatine Tonsil. Case Rep Otolaryngol 2016; 2016:6296840. [PMID: 27722002 PMCID: PMC5046002 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6296840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphoepithelial cyst (LEC) is the most commonly encountered congenital neck pathology in the lateral part of the neck. A 66-year-old woman presented to the ENT clinic due to difficulty in swallowing persisting for approximately 1 year. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a cystic mass at right tonsil. Surgery was performed due to this unilateral tonsillar mass, which was excised together with the right tonsil. LEC was diagnosed at histopathological examination. LEC in the palatine tonsil is rare, and only a few cases have been reported in the literature. We report a rare case of LEC in the palatine tonsil.
Collapse
|
85
|
Brown RE, Harave S. Diagnostic imaging of benign and malignant neck masses in children-a pictorial review. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2016; 6:591-604. [PMID: 27942480 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2016.10.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neck masses are frequently encountered in pediatric medicine, and can present a diagnostic dilemma for the clinicians involved. There are several means by which neck masses in children can be subdivided, for example by age at presentation, anatomical location including compartments and fascia of the neck, their classical appearance when imaged, or by etiology. When imaging children the clinicians must be mindful of radiation exposure and as such ultrasound (US) is often attempted first. Cross sectional imaging can be helpful for problem solving with CT being particularly useful for assessing the patient in more acute scenarios, for example when there is airway compromise. Nuclear medicine scintigraphy has a role in specific circumstances and can aid in staging in the presence of malignancy. If required, additional acquisition by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) can be considered. This pictorial review describe the diagnostic imaging of (I) congenital and Developmental Pathologies, including thyroglossal duct cyst, branchial cleft cyst, cystic hygroma, dermoid cyst, thymic cyst and ectopic thymus; (II) neoplastic lesions, including hemangiomas and vascular malformations, pilomatrixoma, neurofibroma, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, papillary thyroid cancer, lymphoma & leukemia; (III) neck masses of Infective causes, including lymphadenitis, retropharyngeal and peritonsilar abscess, salivary gland inflammation; and (IV) other miscellaneous lesions, including ranula, sternocleidomastoid fibromatosis coli, and goiter. Neck masses are common in the pediatric population with a broad and varied differential; malignant etiologies are less frequently encountered when compared with adults but an awareness of its potential is important when reviewing imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Srikrishna Harave
- Department of Radiology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Cavaliere M, Cimmino M, Sicignano S, Rega F, Maione N, Malacario F, Ugga L, Russo C. A huge retropharyngeal bronchogenic cyst displacing the posterior wall of the hypopharynx: Case report and review of the literature. Neuroradiol J 2016; 29:450-454. [PMID: 27576337 DOI: 10.1177/1971400916661733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lesions of the retropharyngeal space (RPS) are uncommon, and they generally present as solitary, painless masses, which are often cystic. They usually originate from branchial arches anomalies, and only in a few cases do they turn out to be bronchogenic cysts. Generally, these lesions are diagnosed in childhood, but sometimes they can appear in adulthood. We report here a rare case of a bronchogenic cyst expanding into the RPS and causing dysphagia in an adult patient treated surgically. Since the RPS is clinically inaccessible, clinical examination was not crucial in determining the correct diagnosis, and only the additional information provided by radiological examinations led to the final diagnosis, which is essential for accurate surgical planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Cavaliere
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Scienze Riproduttive ed Odontostomatologiche
| | - Mariano Cimmino
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Scienze Riproduttive ed Odontostomatologiche
| | - Stefania Sicignano
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Scienze Riproduttive ed Odontostomatologiche
| | - Felice Rega
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Scienze Riproduttive ed Odontostomatologiche
| | - Nunzia Maione
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Scienze Riproduttive ed Odontostomatologiche
| | - Francesca Malacario
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate; Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ugga
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate; Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Italy
| | - Camilla Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate; Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Italy
| |
Collapse
|