51
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Crystal RG, Shafritz DA, Prichard PM, Anderson WF. Initial dipeptide formation in hemoglobin biosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1971; 68:1810-4. [PMID: 5288768 PMCID: PMC389298 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.68.8.1810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Initiation factors M(1) + M(2) from reticulocyte ribosomes bind Met-tRNA(F) to rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes containing endogenous hemoglobin mRNA. The initial binding of Met-tRNA(F) appears to be to the small ribosomal subunit. The Met-tRNA(F) is able to participate in what is presumed to be the first peptide bond in the formation of hemoglobin, namely the synthesis of a methionyl-valine dipeptide. The formation of this methionyl-valine dipeptide requires Met-tRNA(F), initiation factors M(1), M(2), and M(3), as well as Val-tRNA and T(1). No synthesis of methionyl-valine dipeptide takes place if Met-tRNA(F) is replaced by Met-tRNA(M), or if initiation factor M(3) is omitted. Thus, Met-tRNA(F) appears to be the initiator tRNA for hemoglobin biosynthesis and M(3), although required for the synthesis of the first peptide bond of hemoglobin, does not appear to be necessary, under the experimental conditions studied, for Met-tRNA(F) binding.
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52
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53
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Abstract
Extracts prepared from macroconidia of Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli are capable, under defined conditions, of incorporating phenylalanine into polypeptide with exogenous polyuridylic acid as messenger. Extracts from ungerminated and germinated spores have approximately the same activity. With endogenous template, leucine incorporation occurs, but in this reaction extracts from germinated spores have about 10 times more activity than do those from ungerminated spores. It is suggested that the low rate in ungerminated spores is attributable to a relative deficiency in the number of ribosomes which are organized into polysomes.
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54
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Marcaud L, Portier MM, Kourilsky P, Barrell BG, Gros F. A low molecular weight species of RNA synthesized early after induction of the prophage lambda. J Mol Biol 1971; 57:247-61. [PMID: 5579622 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(71)90344-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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55
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Scheps R, Wax R, Revel M. Reactivation in vitro of inactive ribosomes from stationary phase Escherichia coli. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 232:140-50. [PMID: 4930201 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(71)90498-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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56
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Morris ME, Gould H. Reinitiation of RNA synthesis on transcription of chromatin DNA by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1971; 68:481-5. [PMID: 5277105 PMCID: PMC388965 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.68.2.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription of DNA in chromatin by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase resembles that of isolated DNA in two important respects: the release of nascent RNA and reinitiation of RNA synthesis is dependent on the salt concentration, and RNA synthesis is markedly stimulated by the addition of ribosomes.
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57
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Balkow K, Korner A. Stimulation of haemoglobin synthesis in reticulocyte lysates by initiation factors. FEBS Lett 1971; 12:157-160. [PMID: 11945565 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(71)80057-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Balkow
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9QG, Sussex, England
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58
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59
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Hershey J, Remold-O'Donnell E, Kolakofsky D, Dewey K, Thach R. [26] Isolation and purification of initiation factors f1 and f2. Methods Enzymol 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(71)20028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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60
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[27] Isolation and properties of protein factors involved in polypeptide chain initiation in Escherichia coli. Methods Enzymol 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(71)20029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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61
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[28] Escherichia coli initiation factors in the binding of ribosomes to messenger RNA. Methods Enzymol 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(71)20030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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62
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Sabol S, Sillero MA, Iwasaki K, Ochoa S. Purification and properties of initiation factor F3. Nature 1970; 228:1269-73. [PMID: 4922687 DOI: 10.1038/2281269a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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63
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Metlas R, Bećarević A, Popić S, Simić M. Binding of the in vitro synthesized RNA to rat liver 40 S ribosomal subunit. FEBS Lett 1970; 12:1-3. [PMID: 11945526 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(70)80579-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Metlas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Boris Kidrich Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Beograd, Yugoslavia
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64
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Becarevic A, Naono S, Lelong JC, Gros F. Formation of initiation complex with lambdamRNA in vitro. FEBS Lett 1970; 11:312-315. [PMID: 11945514 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(70)80556-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The product from the in vitro transcription of native lambdaDNA by purified E. coli RNA polymerase does not stimulate total amino acid incorporation although it can program ribosomes for the first peptide bond synthesis in the presence of the three initiation factor A, B and C.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Becarevic
- Boris Kidrich Institut of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology-, Beograd, Yugoslavia
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65
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Miskin R, Zamir A, Elson D. Inactivation and reactivation of ribosomal subunits: the peptidyl transferase activity of the 50 s subunit of Escherihia coli. J Mol Biol 1970; 54:355-78. [PMID: 4924204 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(70)90435-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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66
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Träger L. [Termination of protein synthesis]. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 1970; 57:560-4. [PMID: 5500504 DOI: 10.1007/bf00598789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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67
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Remold-O'Donnell E, Thach RE. A New Method for the Purification of Initiation Factor F2 in High Yield, and an Estimation of Stoichiometry in the Binding Reaction. J Biol Chem 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62714-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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68
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69
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Revel M, Greenshpan H. Specificity in the binding of Escherichia coli ribosomes to natural messenger RNA. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1970; 16:117-22. [PMID: 4917226 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1970.tb01061.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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70
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Revel M, Aviv(Greenshpan) H, Groner Y, Pollack Y. Fractionation of translation initiation factor B (F3) into cistron-specific species. FEBS Lett 1970; 9:213-217. [PMID: 11947673 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(70)80358-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Revel
- Department of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth, Israel
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71
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Smolarsky M, Tal M. A protein factor stimulating binding and translating of polyuridylic acid by Escherichia coli ribosomes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1970; 213:401-16. [PMID: 4927490 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(70)90048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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72
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Khan SR, Yamazaki H. Continued expression of the ribonucleic acid control gene during inhibition of Escherichia coli ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis. J Bacteriol 1970; 102:702-10. [PMID: 4914075 PMCID: PMC247615 DOI: 10.1128/jb.102.3.702-710.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of the ribonucleic acid (RNA) control (RC) gene on the biosynthesis of viral RNA has been examined in an RC(str) and an RC(rel) host infected with R17 RNA bacteriophage under conditions in which host RNA and protein synthesis were inhibited by the addition of rifampicin. Methionine and isoleucine starvation depressed viral RNA biosynthesis in an RC(str) host but not in an RC(rel) host. However, histidine starvation had little effect on viral RNA and protein synthesis in both RC(str) and RC(rel) cells, although it had a marked effect on host protein and RNA synthesis in an RC(str) host. Chloramphenicol relieved the effect of amino acid starvation on viral RNA synthesis in an RC(str) host. It is concluded that stringent control of viral RNA biosynthesis does not require the continued biosynthesis of the RC gene product (RNA or protein) and that a preformed RC gene product can regulate the biosynthesis of the exogenous RNA. It is suggested that the amino acid dependence of viral RNA biosynthesis is due to its obligatory coupling with the translation of the viral coat protein which lacks histidine. It may be inferred that the amino acid requirement of bacterial RNA is due to its coupling with the translation of a host-specific protein (other than the RC gene product) which requires a full complement of amino acids. Since chloramphenicol is known to permit ribosome movement in the absence of protein synthesis, it is suggested that ribosome movement along the nascent RNA chain is a sufficient condition for the continuation of RNA synthesis.
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73
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Nohara H, Iizuka K, Mizuno T, Igarashi A. A stimulating factor for DNA transcription from rat liver. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1970; 209:86-96. [PMID: 5421976 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(70)90664-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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74
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Prichard PM, Gilbert JM, Shafritz DA, Anderson WF. Factors for the initiation of haemoglobin synthesis by rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes. Nature 1970; 226:511-4. [PMID: 5442342 DOI: 10.1038/226511a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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75
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Lelong JC, Grunberg-Manago M, Dondon J, Gros D, Gros F. Interaction between guanosine derivatives and factors involved in the initiation of protein synthesis. Nature 1970; 226:505-10. [PMID: 4909915 DOI: 10.1038/226505a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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76
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Abstract
In extracts of wheat embryo, aurintricarboxylic acid inhibits attachment of ribosomes to messenger RNA and has little effect on aminoacyl transfer to peptide. This specificity of inhibition allows (i) the demonstration that the initial phase of amino acid incorporation dependent on RNA of tobacco mosaic virus involves an "initiation" reaction between ribosome and messenger RNA which requires two soluble factors, (ii) an assay facilitating purification of the initiation factors, and (iii) the demonstration that these factors are distinct from aminoacyl transfer enzymes.
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77
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78
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Marcus A. Tobacco Mosaic Virus Ribonucleic Acid-dependent Amino Acid Incorporation in a Wheat Embryo System in Vitro. J Biol Chem 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)63274-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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79
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Remy P, Engel ML, Dirheimer G, Ebel JP, Revel M. Analogues of nucleoside polyphosphates. II. Guanosine-5'-phosphohypophosphate: preparation and effects on protein synthesis in vitro. J Mol Biol 1970; 48:173-6. [PMID: 4915290 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(70)90226-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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80
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Groner Y, Herzberg M, Revel M. Translation initiation factor C (f2): Selective inactivation of its f-met-tRNA binding activity which does not affect messenger RNA binding to the 30 S ribosome. FEBS Lett 1970; 6:315-320. [PMID: 11947404 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(70)80087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Groner
- Biochemistry Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth, Israel
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81
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Albrecht J, Stap F, Voorma HO, Van Knippenberg PH, Bosch L. An initiation factor causing dissociation of E. coli ribosomes. FEBS Lett 1970; 6:297-301. [PMID: 11947399 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(70)80082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purification of crude initiation factors, essential for polypeptide synthesis in cell-free systems of E. coli, yielded a fraction DF which causes dissociation of 70 S ribosomes. Its stoichiometric action on 70 S ribosomes is antagonized by increasing Mg(2+) concentrations but not by the addition of 30 S and 50 S subunits washed with high salt concentration. GTP did not stimulate this dissociating action. 2 &mgr;g of our most purified preparation caused 100% dissociation of 100 &mgr;g of 70 S ribosomes without added GTP. DF-induced dissociation is a very rapid process at 37 degrees C and is temperature-dependent in the range of 0 degrees -37 degrees C. DF, which is thermolabile factor, is much less or not effective with complexed 70 S ribosomes bearing peptidyl-tRNA and mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Albrecht
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leiden, The Netherlands
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82
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83
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Henshaw EC, Loebenstein J. Rapidly labeled, polydisperse RNA in rat-liver cytoplasm: evidence that it is contained in ribonucleoprotein particles of heterogeneous size. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1970; 199:405-20. [PMID: 5418381 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(70)90083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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84
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Lezzi M. Differential gene activation in isolated chromosomes. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1970; 29:127-68. [PMID: 4930417 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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85
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Traub P. Structure, function and in vitro reconstitution of escherichia coli ribosomes. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1970; 52:1-93. [PMID: 4915756 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-95130-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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86
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Albrecht J, Rozenboom W, Vermeer C, Bosch L. Factor requirement of formylmethionyl-tRNA binding to E. coli ribosomes programmed with a plant viral RNA or a phage RNA. FEBS Lett 1969; 5:313-315. [PMID: 11947305 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(69)80344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Albrecht
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
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87
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Rouvière J, Lederberg S, Granboulan P, Gros F. Structural sites of RNA synthesis in Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol 1969; 46:413-30. [PMID: 4983576 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(69)90185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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88
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89
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Herzberg M, Revel M, Danon D. The influence of ribosomal factors during the maturation of reticulocytes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1969; 11:148-53. [PMID: 5353598 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1969.tb00752.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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90
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Greenshpan H, Revel M. Initiator protein dependent binding of messenger RNA to ribosomes. Nature 1969; 224:331-5. [PMID: 4898926 DOI: 10.1038/224331a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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91
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Albrecht J, Hoogendam BW, Rozenboom W, Verhoef NJ, Voorma HO, Bosch L. Chain initiation during polypeptide synthesis in cell-free bacterial systems programmed with plant viral messengers. 3. A comparison with the phage RNA-directed system. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1969; 190:504-16. [PMID: 4900582 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(69)90099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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92
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Mehta NG, Ohly KW, Alivisatos SG. Comparative study of histones and ribosomal basic proteins of Ehrlich ascites tumor. Life Sci 1969; 8:1127-34. [PMID: 5355427 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(69)90468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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93
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Herzberg M, Lelong JC, Revel M. Purification of initiator C from Escherichia coli: a protein which binds messenger RNA and initiator tRNA to the 30 s ribosome. J Mol Biol 1969; 44:297-308. [PMID: 4940921 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(69)90176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
MESH Headings
- Bacterial Proteins/isolation & purification
- Centrifugation, Zonal
- Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose
- Chromatography, Ion Exchange
- Coliphages
- DNA, Viral/analysis
- Electrophoresis, Disc
- Escherichia coli
- Hot Temperature
- Hydroxyapatites
- Methionine
- Microscopy, Electron
- Phenylalanine
- Protein Binding
- RNA Nucleotidyltransferases
- RNA, Bacterial/analysis
- RNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/isolation & purification
- RNA, Transfer/analysis
- RNA, Transfer/isolation & purification
- Ribosomes/analysis
- Time Factors
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94
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Brawerman G, Revel M, Salser W, Gros F. Initiation factor requirements for the in vitro synthesis of T4 lysozyme. Nature 1969; 223:957-8. [PMID: 4896045 DOI: 10.1038/223957a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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95
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96
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Hawtrey AO. Studies on a nucleoprotein prepared from rat liver polysomes by digestion with T1 ribonuclease. Biochem J 1969; 113:643-50. [PMID: 4989323 PMCID: PMC1184744 DOI: 10.1042/bj1130643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
1. Treatment of rat liver polysomes in a buffer containing 2.5mm-magnesium chloride with T(1) ribonuclease at a concentration of 330units/ml. of reaction medium at 37 degrees for 2hr. leads to the production of an insoluble nucleoprotein. 2. On the bases of analysis for protein and RNA and of u.v.-absorption spectra the nucleoprotein appears to have lost approx. 60% of the structural RNA originally present in the ribosome. Degradation of (3)H-labelled polysomes (structural RNA labelled with orotic acid) with T(1) ribonuclease leads to nucleoprotein preparations retaining approx. 30% of the radioactivity originally present in the polysomes. By means of sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation it is shown that the nucleoprotein preparations are free of single 73s ribosomes and ribosomal subunits. No evidence for the presence of 28s and 18s structural RNA was obtained on examination of extracted nucleoprotein-particle RNA by means of sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation. 3. Digestion of washed polysomes carrying (14)C-labelled nascent peptide chains with T(1) ribonuclease gives a nucleoprotein particle that retains approx. 70% of the original labelled chains. Treatment of labelled nucleoprotein particles with 1mm-puromycin in the absence of transfer factors releases 20% of the labelled chains. Addition of GTP (0.48mumole) increases this release to 37%. 4. Treatment of nucleoprotein particles carrying (14)C-labelled peptide chains with either EDTA (50mm) or ammonium chloride (0.5m) brings about a small release of labelled material (approx. 15%). 5. Disruption of nucleoprotein particles carrying (14)C-labelled peptide chains with either sodium dodecyl sulphate or 2m-lithium chloride, followed by addition of transfer RNA as marker and chromatography on Sephadex G-200, show in both cases that considerable amounts of labelled peptide material move well ahead of the added transfer RNA marker. Further, if nucleoprotein particles carrying labelled peptide chains are treated with 0.3m-potassium hydroxide at 20 degrees for 24 hr., neutralized to pH7.6, and then chromatographed on Sephadex G-200, the labelled peptide material moves much closer to the added transfer RNA marker. These results suggest that a proportion of the nascent (14)C-labelled peptides on the nucleoprotein are attached to transfer RNA or large fragments of transfer RNA. 6. [(3)H]Polyuridylic acid binds to nucleoprotein particles in 1mm-magnesium chloride. The rate of binding is rapid when measured at 20 degrees .
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97
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Mangiarotti G. Role of the initiation factor in the response of 70S ribosomes to R17 RNA. Nature 1969; 222:947-50. [PMID: 4892548 DOI: 10.1038/222947a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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98
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Gill GN, Garren LD. On the mechanism of action of adrenocorticotropic hormone: the binding of cyclic-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate to an adrenal cortical protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1969; 63:512-9. [PMID: 4308274 PMCID: PMC223593 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.63.2.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The binding of cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) within the adrenal cortical cell was studied. Cyclic AMP binds specifically to a protein which is associated predominantly with the microsomal fraction of the cell. The binding protein was purified approximately 100-fold.
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99
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Stavy L, Gross PR. Protein synthesis in vitro with fractions of sea urchin eggs and embryos. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1969; 182:193-202. [PMID: 5797373 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(69)90534-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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100
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Davison J, Pilarski LM, Echols H. A factor that stimulates RNA synthesis by purified RNA polymerase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1969; 63:168-74. [PMID: 4897023 PMCID: PMC534018 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.63.1.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A protein factor, partially purified from E. coli, can stimulate some 30- to 50-fold the transcription of DNA by purified RNA polymerase. Evidence is presented suggesting that this stimulatory factor (designated M factor) exerts its effect before the RNA synthesis is initiated. The M factor is prepared from a crude ribosome fraction, but it does not require the presence of ribosomes for full activity.
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