Frequency encoded biochemical regulation is more accurate than amplitude dependent control

A mechanism for the regulation of ligament width based on the resonance frequency of ion concentration waves

A model is developed for a mechanism for the regulation of the width of ligament spaces and of other tissue spaces bounded by calcified surfaces. The proposed mechanism involves the transmission, detection, and retransmission of ion concentration waves by cells located on the calcified surfaces. It is assumed that these cells can use the information regarding ligament width contained in the resonance frequency of the cell-concentration wave system. The assumptions of the proposed mechanism are supported by recent experimental evidence concerning the effect of electrical signals on bone cells, the use of frequency-encoded information by cells, and the production of low frequency K+ pulses by osteoblast-like cells. The relation between resonance frequency and ligament width is derived, and the resonance frequencies corresponding to measured ligament widths are shown to occur in the same frequency range as occur in the K+ pulses emitted by bone cells. The model suggests definite experimental tests that involve investigating the effect in vitro of ion concentration wave frequency on bone cell activity and hormone receptors.