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Wu YH. Naturally derived anti-hepatitis B virus agents and their mechanism of action. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:188-204. [PMID: 26755870 PMCID: PMC4698485 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i1.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite that some approved drugs and genetically engineered vaccines against hepatitis B virus (HBV) are available for HBV patients, HBV infection is still a severe public health problem in the world. All the approved therapeutic drugs (including interferon-alpha and nucleoside analogues) have their limitations. No drugs or therapeutic methods can cure hepatitis B so far. Therefore, it is urgently needed to discover and develop new anti-HBV drugs, especially non-nucleoside agents. Naturally originated compounds with enormous molecular complexity and diversity offer a great opportunity to find novel anti-HBV lead compounds with specific antiviral mechanisms. In this review, the natural products against HBV are discussed according to their chemical classes such as terpenes, lignans, phenolic acids, polyphenols, lactones, alkaloids and flavonoids. Furthermore, novel mode of action or new targets of some representative anti-HBV natural products are also discussed. The aim of this review is to report new discoveries and updates pertaining to anti-HBV natural products in the last 20 years, especially novel skeletons and mode of action. Although many natural products with various skeletons have been reported to exhibit potent anti-HBV effects to date, scarcely any of them are found in the list of conventional anti-HBV drugs worldwide. Additionly, in anti-HBV mechanism of action, only a few references reported new targets or novel mode of action of anti-HBV natural products.
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Seo CS, Lim HS, Jeong SJ, Shin HK. Anti-allergic effects of sesquiterpene lactones from the root of Aucklandia lappa Decne. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7789-95. [PMID: 26398906 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aucklandia lappa Decne, a well-known traditional herbal medicine, is used for the treatment of asthma, rheumatism, coughs, tuberculosis and numerous other diseases. The present study evaluated the inhibitory effects of the three sesquiterpene lactones costunolide, dehydrocostus lactone, and alantolactone, isolated from a 70% methanolic extract of Aucklandia lappa, on the expression of chemokine mRNA in HaCaT human keratinocyte cells. The cytotoxicities of the compounds on HaCaT cells were evaluated using a Cell Counting Kit8 assay. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of the three compounds on chemokine expression in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α‑ and interferon (IFN)‑γ‑stimulated HaCaT cells were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Treatment with the compounds caused a significant reduction in the mRNA expression of a range of chemokines, including TARC/CCL17, MDC/CCL22, RANTES/CCL5 and interleukin‑8 in TNF-α and IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells. The present study indicated that costunolide, dehydrocostus lactone and alantolactone may have the potential to be used for treating inflammatory skin disorders by suppressing chemokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Seob Seo
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Sun Lim
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Jeong
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeun-Kyoo Shin
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
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Lim HS, Ha H, Shin HK, Jeong SJ. The Genome-Wide Expression Profile of Saussurea lappa Extract on House Dust Mite-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in Nc/Nga Mice. Mol Cells 2015; 38:765-72. [PMID: 26299330 PMCID: PMC4588719 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Saussurea lappa has been reported to possess anti-atopic properties. In this study, we have confirmed the S. lappa's anti-atopic properties in Nc/Nga mice and investigated the candidate gene related with its properties using microarray. We determined the target gene using real time PCR in in vitro experiment. S. lappa showed the significant reduction in atopic dermatitis (AD) score and immunoglobulin E compared with the AD induced Nc/Nga mice. In the results of microarray using back skin obtained from animals, we found that S. lappa's properties are closely associated with cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Consistent with the microarray data, real-time RT-PCR confirmed these modulation at the mRNA level in skin tissues from S. lappa-treated mice. Among these genes, PI3Kca and IL20Rβ were significantly downregulated by S. lappa treatment in Nc/Nga mouse model. In in vitro experiment using HaCaT cells, we found that the S. lappa components, including alantolactone, caryophyllene, costic acid, costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone significantly decreased the expression of PI3Kca but not IL20Rβ in vitro. Therefore, our study suggests that PI3Kca-related signaling is closely related with the protective effects of S. lappa against the development of atopic-dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sun Lim
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811,
Korea
- Division of Allergy and Chronic Respiratory Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju 361-951,
Korea
| | - Hyekyung Ha
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811,
Korea
| | - Hyeun-Kyoo Shin
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811,
Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Jeong
- Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811,
Korea
- Korea Medicine Life Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 305-350,
Korea
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Dehydrocostus Lactone Inhibits Proliferation, Antiapoptosis, and Invasion of Cervical Cancer Cells Through PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2015; 25:1179-86. [DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesRecent studies found that dehydrocostus lactone (DHC), a traditional Chinese medicine in curing chronic ulcer and inflammation, can inhibit several type of tumor cells. The purpose of this study was to define the role of DHC on cervical cancer cells and to explore its mechanism of action.MethodsWe used DHC alone or in combination with PI3K/Akt-specific inhibitor LY294002 (LY) to treat Hela cells [human papillomavirus (HPV)-18 positive] and C33a cells (HPV negative). The proliferation, apoptosis, and Akt activation were assessed. Cell invasive ability was assayed in transwell chambers.ResultsWe found that DHC significantly inhibited proliferation, antiapoptosis, and invasion of both cells, and reduced the level of p-Akt phosphorylation in these cells, in a dose- or time-dependent manner. In addition, these inhibitions of DHC were significantly strengthened by LY.ConclusionsThe result suggested that DHC plays a potent role in anticervical cancer in multiple biological aspects through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, independently of HPV infection. This finding surely adds new knowledge to understand the role of DHC in fighting cancers.
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Lin X, Peng Z, Su C. Potential anti-cancer activities and mechanisms of costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:10888-906. [PMID: 25984608 PMCID: PMC4463681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160510888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Costunolide (CE) and dehydrocostuslactone (DE) are derived from many species of medicinal plants, such as Saussurea lappa Decne and Laurus nobilis L. They have been reported for their wide spectrum of biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiulcer, and anthelmintic activities. In recent years, they have caused extensive interest in researchers due to their potential anti-cancer activities for various types of cancer, and their anti-cancer mechanisms, including causing cell cycle arrest, inducing apoptosis and differentiation, promoting the aggregation of microtubule protein, inhibiting the activity of telomerase, inhibiting metastasis and invasion, reversing multidrug resistance, restraining angiogenesis has been studied. This review will summarize anti-cancer activities and associated molecular mechanisms of these two compounds for the purpose of promoting their research and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Lin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital & National Center of Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Zhangxiao Peng
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital & National Center of Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Changqing Su
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital & National Center of Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Lim HS, Jin SE, Kim OS, Shin HK, Jeong SJ. Alantolactone from Saussurea lappa Exerts Antiinflammatory Effects by Inhibiting Chemokine Production and STAT1 Phosphorylation in TNF-α and IFN-γ-induced in HaCaT cells. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1088-96. [PMID: 25881570 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Skin inflammation is the most common condition seen in dermatology practice and can be caused by various allergic reactions and certain toxins or chemicals. In the present study, we investigated the antiinflammatory effects of Saussurea lappa, a medicinal herb, and its marker compounds alantolactone, caryophyllene, costic acid, costunolide, and dehydrocostuslactone in the HaCaT human keratinocyte cell line. HaCaT cells were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and treated with S. lappa or each of five marker compounds. Chemokine production and expression were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 was determined by immunoblotting. Stimulation with TNF-α and IFN-γ significantly increased the production of the following chemokines: thymus-regulated and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC): regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES): macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC): and interleukin-8 (IL-8). By contrast, S. lappa and the five marker compounds significantly reduced the production of these chemokines by TNF-α and IFN-γ-treated cells. S. lappa and alantolactone suppressed the TNF-α and IFN-γ-stimulated increase in the phosphorylation of STAT1. Our results demonstrate that alantolactone from S. lappa suppresses TNF-α and IFN-γ-induced production of RANTES and IL-8 by blocking STAT1 phosphorylation in HaCaT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sun Lim
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, 305-811, Korea.,Division of Allergy and Chronic Respiratory Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, 361-951, Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Jin
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, 305-811, Korea
| | - Ohn-Soon Kim
- Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, 305-811, Korea
| | - Hyeun-Kyoo Shin
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, 305-811, Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Jeong
- Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, 305-811, Korea
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Choudhary M, Kumar V, Malhotra H, Singh S. Medicinal plants with potential anti-arthritic activity. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2015; 4:147-79. [PMID: 26401403 PMCID: PMC4566784 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20150313021918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNO PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional medicinal plants are practiced worldwide for treatment of arthritis especially in developing countries where resources are meager. This review presents the plants profiles inhabiting throughout the world regarding their traditional usage by various tribes/ethnic groups for treatment of arthritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bibliographic investigation was carried out by analyzing classical text books and peer reviewed papers, consulting worldwide accepted scientific databases from the last six decades. Plants/their parts/extracts/polyherbal formulations, toxicity studies for arthritis have been included in the review article. The profiles presented also include information about the scientific name, family, dose, methodology along with mechanism of action and toxicity profile. Research status of 20 potential plant species has been discussed. Further, geographical distribution of research, plants distribution according to families has been given in graphical form. RESULTS 485 plant species belonging to 100 families, traditionally used in arthritis are used. Among 100 plant families, malvaceae constitute 16, leguminasae 7, fabaceae 13, euphorbiaceae 7, compositae 20, araceae 7, solanaceae 12, liliaceae 9, apocynaceae, lauraceae, and rubiaceae 10, and remaining in lesser proportion. It was observed in our study that majority of researches are carried mainly in developing countries like India, China, Korea and Nigeria. CONCLUSION This review clearly indicates that list of medicinal plants presented in this review might be useful to researchers as well as practioners. This review can be useful for preliminary screening of potential anti-arthritis plants. Further toxicity profile given in the review can be useful for the researchers for finding the safe dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjusha Choudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Science and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Hitesh Malhotra
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Forest biorefinery: Potential of poplar phytochemicals as value-added co-products. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:681-716. [PMID: 25733011 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The global forestry industry after experiencing a market downturn during the past decade has now aimed its vision towards the integrated biorefinery. New business models and strategies are constantly being explored to re-invent the global wood and pulp/paper industry through sustainable resource exploitation. The goal is to produce diversified, innovative and revenue generating product lines using on-site bioresources (wood and tree residues). The most popular product lines are generally produced from wood fibers (biofuels, pulp/paper, biomaterials, and bio/chemicals). However, the bark and other tree residues like foliage that constitute forest wastes, still remain largely an underexploited resource from which extractives and phytochemicals can be harnessed as by-products (biopharmaceuticals, food additives and nutraceuticals, biopesticides, cosmetics). Commercially, Populus (poplar) tree species including hybrid varieties are cultivated as a fast growing bioenergy crop, but can also be utilized to produce bio-based chemicals. This review identifies and underlines the potential of natural products (phytochemicals) from Populus species that could lead to new business ventures in biorefineries and contribute to the bioeconomy. In brief, this review highlights the importance of by-products/co-products in forest industries, methods that can be employed to extract and purify poplar phytochemicals, the potential pharmaceutical and other uses of >160 phytochemicals identified from poplar species - their chemical structures, properties and bioactivities, the challenges and limitations of utilizing poplar phytochemicals, and potential commercial opportunities. Finally, the overall discussion and conclusion are made considering the recent biotechnological advances in phytochemical research to indicate the areas for future commercial applications from poplar tree species.
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Yin H, Zhuang YB, Li EE, Bi HP, Zhou W, Liu T. Heterologous biosynthesis of costunolide in Escherichia coli and yield improvement. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 37:1249-55. [PMID: 25700819 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1784-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Costunolide, the main bioactive compound of the medicinal plant, Radix Aucklandiae, is a sesquiterpene lactone (SL) and has a broad range of biological activities. It is also a precursor of many biologically-active SLs and is a branching point in the biosynthesis of SLs. Here we have reconstituted the costunolide biosynthetic pathway in Escherichia coli by co-expression of three genes (GAS, GAO, LsCOS) involved in costunolide biosynthesis and eight genes involved in converting acetyl-CoA into farnesyl diphosphate from mevalonate pathway. Costunolide production was then detected. By screening and optimization of cultured medium and inducing temperature, costunolide yield was up to 100 mg l(-1) in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yin
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xiqidao, Airport Economic Park, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China,
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Shao WH, Chen BY, Cheng XR, Yuan H, Chen H, Chang WL, Ye J, Lin S, Sun QY, Zhang WD. Synthesis and evaluation of new α-methylene-γ-lactone carbamates with NO production inhibitory effects in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 93:274-80. [PMID: 25703295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of new α-methylene-γ-lactone carbamates were synthesized by an asymmetric synthetic route. The activities on inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) release of these compounds were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. The results indicated that most of the compounds except one exhibited potent NO inhibitory effect with IC50 value more than 2 μΜ. The cytotoxicities of these compounds were estimated via MTT assays. The results suggested that six compounds were accompanied by low cytotoxicity. The structure-activity relationships were also discussed. The S configuration of C3 on lactones ring would be more helpful to NO inhibitory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Shao
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bing-Yang Chen
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Cheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hu Yuan
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wan-Lin Chang
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ji Ye
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shan Lin
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qing-Yan Sun
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200040, China.
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Rahman MA, Hong JS, Huh SO. Antiproliferative properties ofSaussurea lappaClarke root extract in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells via intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2015.1008041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Dong GZ, Shim AR, Hyeon JS, Lee HJ, Ryu JH. Inhibition of Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway by Dehydrocostus Lactone and Costunolide in Colon Cancer Cells. Phytother Res 2015; 29:680-6. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-zhi Dong
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control and College of Pharmacy; Sookmyung Women's University; 52 Hyochangwon-Gil, Yongsan-Gu Seoul 140-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Ram Shim
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control and College of Pharmacy; Sookmyung Women's University; 52 Hyochangwon-Gil, Yongsan-Gu Seoul 140-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seong Hyeon
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control and College of Pharmacy; Sookmyung Women's University; 52 Hyochangwon-Gil, Yongsan-Gu Seoul 140-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Jin Lee
- Department of Natural Medicine Resources; Semyung University; 65 Semyung-ro Jecheon Chungbuk 390-711 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ha Ryu
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control and College of Pharmacy; Sookmyung Women's University; 52 Hyochangwon-Gil, Yongsan-Gu Seoul 140-742 Republic of Korea
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Shim AR, Dong GZ, Lee HJ, Ryu JH. Atractylochromene Is a Repressor of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Colon Cancer Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23:26-30. [PMID: 25593640 PMCID: PMC4286746 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was mutated in about 90% of the sporadic and hereditary colorectal cancers. The abnormally activated β-catenin increases the cancer cell proliferation, differentiation and metastasis through increasing the expression of its oncogenic target genes. In this study, we identified an inhibitor of β-catenin dependent Wnt pathway from rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi (Compositae). The active compound was purified by activity-guided purification and the structure was identified as 2,8-dimethyl-6-hydroxy-2-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2H-chromene (atractylochromene, AC). AC suppressed β-catenin/T-cell factor transcriptional activity of HEK-293 reporter cells when they were stimulated by Wnt3a or inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3β. AC down-regulated the nuclear level of β-catenin through the suppression of galectin-3 mediated nuclear translocation of β-catenin in SW-480 colon cancer cells. Furthermore, AC inhibits proliferation of colon cancer cell. Taken together, AC from A. macrocephala might be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of human colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Ram Shim
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control and College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742
| | - Guang-Zhi Dong
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control and College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742
| | - Hwa Jin Lee
- Department of Natural Medicine Resources, Semyung University, Jecheon 390-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ha Ryu
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control and College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742
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Park EJ, Park SW, Kim HJ, Kwak JH, Lee DU, Chang KC. Dehydrocostuslactone inhibits LPS-induced inflammation by p38MAPK-dependent induction of hemeoxygenase-1 in vitro and improves survival of mice in CLP-induced sepsis in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 22:332-40. [PMID: 25066549 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the hypothesis that the administration of dehydrocostuslactone (DL), a sesquiterpene lactone found in Saussurea lappa Clarke (Compositae), might reduce organ failure and increase survival in a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced mouse model of sepsis due to HO-1 induction. Treatment of RAW264.7 cells with DL increased HO-1 expression in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, and this up-regulation of HO-1 by DL was significantly inhibited by silencing either Nrf2 and p38 or treating cells with SB203580 (a p38MAPK inhibitor), but it was not inhibited in the presence of SP600125 (an ERK inhibitor), PD98059 (a JNK inhibitor), or LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor). As expected, DL concentration dependently inhibited the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2), and the productions of NO and PGE2 in LPS-activated cells, and these inhibitions were reversed by silencing HO-1. Most importantly, administration of DL significantly reduced mortality and reduced serum IL-1β and TNF-α and the infiltration of macrophages into liver tissues of CLP-mice. Inducible NOS expression in lung and liver tissues of CLP-mice was reduced by DL, which was reversed by the co-administration of zinc-protoporphyrin IX (ZnPPIX; a competitive inhibitor of HO-1). Our findings indicate that DL might be useful for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Park
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Kwak
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ung Lee
- Division of Bioscience, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Churl Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea.
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Peng Z, Wang Y, Gu X, Guo X, Yan C. Study on the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone in rats by HPLC-UV and UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 28:1325-34. [PMID: 24889523 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A method based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detection was developed for studying the pharmacokinetics of costunolide (Cos) and dehydrocostus lactone (Dehy) in rats after intravenous (i.v.) administration. Following i.v. administration, the maximum plasma concentrations of Cos and Dehy were observed to be 12.29 ± 1.47 and 5.79 ± 0.13 µg/mL, respectively. The bioavailability of Cos was larger than that of Dehy; however, the clearance and the volume of distribution of Dehy were much larger than those of Cos. An ultraperformance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry system with automated MS(E) (E represents collision energy) data analysis software (MetaboLynx(TM)) was used to analyze and identify the metabolites of Cos and Dehy in vivo. Four metabolites of Cos and six metabolites of Dehy were discovered from the plasma, urine and feces of rats. The main metabolic pathway of Cos was phase II biotransformation, but the main metabolic pathways of Dehy was phase І biotransformation. Two sequential desaturations and N-acetylcysteine conjugation were the common metabolic pathways of Cos and Dehy in rats. This information may be useful for the further development of the two drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangxiao Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Kim HR, Kim JM, Kim MS, Hwang JK, Park YJ, Yang SH, Kim HJ, Ryu DG, Lee DS, Oh H, Kim YC, Rhee YJ, Moon BS, Yun JM, Kwon KB, Lee YR. Saussurea lappa extract suppresses TPA-induced cell invasion via inhibition of NF-κB-dependent MMP-9 expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:170. [PMID: 24885456 PMCID: PMC4229955 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Saussurea lappa (SL) has been used as a traditional herbal medicine to treat abdominal pain and tenesmus, and has been suggested to possess various biological activities, including anti-tumor, anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and cardiotonic activities. The effect of SL on breast cancer metastasis, however, is unknown. Cell migration and invasion are crucial in neoplastic metastasis. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), which degrades the extracellular matrix, is a major component in cancer cell invasion. Methods Cell viability was examined by MTT assay, whereas cell motility was measured by invasion assay. Western blot, Real-time PCR, and Zymography assays were used to investigate the inhibitory effects of ESL on matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression level in MCF-7 cells. EMSA confirmed the inhibitory effects of ESL on DNA binding of NF- κB in MCF-7 cells. Results Cells threated with various concentrations of Saussurea lappa (ESL) for 24 h. Concentrations of 2 or 4 μM did not lead to a significant change in cell viability or morphology. Therefore, subsequent experiments utilized the optimal non-toxic concentration (2 or 4 μM) of ESL. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of ESL on MMP-9 expression and cell invasion in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced MCF-7 cells. ESL inhibited the TPA-induced transcriptional activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). However, this result obtained that ESL did not block the TPA-induced phosphorylation of the kinases: p38, ERK, and JNK. Therefore, ELS-mediated inhibition of TPA-induced MMP-9 expression and cell invasion involves the suppression of NF-kB pathway in MCF-7 cells. Conclusions These results indicate that ELS-mediated inhibition of TPA-induced MMP-9 expression and cell invasion involves the suppression of NF-kB pathway in MCF-7 cells. Thus, ESL has potential for controlling breast cancer invasiveness in vitro.
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Structure of a homofructosan from Saussurea costus and anti-complementary activity of its sulfated derivatives. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 105:152-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Amorim MHR, Gil da Costa RM, Lopes C, Bastos MMSM. Sesquiterpene lactones: adverse health effects and toxicity mechanisms. Crit Rev Toxicol 2014; 43:559-79. [PMID: 23875764 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2013.813905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) present a wide range of biological activities, mostly based on their alkylating capabilities, which underlie their therapeutic potential. These compounds are the active constituents of a variety of plants, frequently used as herbal remedies. STLs such as artemisinin and its derivatives are in use as first-line antimalarials while others, such as parthenolide, have recently reached cancer clinical trials. However, the toxicological profile of these compounds must be thoroughly characterized, since the same properties that make STL useful medicines can also cause severe toxicity. STL-containing plants have long been known to induce a contact dermatitis in exposed farm workers, and also to cause several toxic syndromes in farm animals. More recently, concerns are been raised regarding the genotoxic potential of these compounds and the embryotoxicity of artemisinins. A growing number of STLs are being reported to be mutagenic in different in vitro and in vivo assays. As yet no systematic studies have been published, but the genotoxicity of STLs seems to depend not so much on direct DNA alkylation as on oxidative DNA damage and other partially elucidated mechanisms. As the medicinal use of these compounds increases, further studies of their toxic potential are needed, especially those focusing on the structural determinants of genotoxicity and embryotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Helena R Amorim
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal
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Chang KM, Choi SI, Kim GH. Anti-oxidant Activity of Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke Roots. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2014; 17:306-9. [PMID: 24471101 PMCID: PMC3866732 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2012.17.4.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the potential use of Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke as a source of anti-oxidant agents. Various solvent fractionates from S. lappa C.B. Clarke roots were investigated for their anti-oxidative effectiveness. The contents of total phenolics and flavonoids were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu’s colorimetric and the aluminum nitrate method, respectively. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of n-butanol soluble fractionates from S. lappa C.B. Clarke, 44.43 μg gallic acid equilibrium (GAE)/g extract and 92.15 μg quercetin equilibrium (QE)/g extract, respectively, were higher than those of other solvent fractionates. The n-butanol soluble fractionates of S. lappa C.B. Clarke (1,000 ppm) showed the strongest inhibitory potential on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and reducing power at 92.98% and 0.38, respectively. Thus, our data shows that the S. lappa C.B. Clarke plant may help prevent antioxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Mi Chang
- Plant Resources Research Institute, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 132-714, Korea
| | - Soo-Im Choi
- Plant Resources Research Institute, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 132-714, Korea
| | - Gun-Hee Kim
- Plant Resources Research Institute, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 132-714, Korea
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Lim HS, Ha H, Lee MY, Jin SE, Jeong SJ, Jeon WY, Shin NR, Sok DE, Shin HK. Saussurea lappa alleviates inflammatory chemokine production in HaCaT cells and house dust mite-induced atopic-like dermatitis in Nc/Nga mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 63:212-20. [PMID: 24216625 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Saussurea lappa is a traditional herbal medicine used for to treat various inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of S. lappa against atopic dermatitis using human keratinocyte HaCaT cells, murine mast cell line MC/9 cells, and a house dust mite-induced atopic dermatitis model of Nc/Nga mice. Treatment with the S. lappa caused a significant reduction in the mRNA levels and production of inflammatory chemokines and cytokine, including thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in tumor necrosis factor-α/interferone-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells. S. lappa exhibited the significant reduction in histamine production in MC/9 cells. In the atopic dermatitis model, S. lappa significantly reduced the dermatitis score and serum IgE and TARC levels. In addition, the back skin and ears of S. lappa-treated Nc/Nga mice exhibited reduced histological manifestations of atopic skin lesions such as erosion, hyperplasia of the epidermis and dermis, and inflammatory cell infiltration. In conclusion, an extract of S. lappa effectively suppressed the development of atopic dermatitis, which was closely related to the reduction of chemokines and cytokine. Our study suggests that S. lappa may be a potential treatment for atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sun Lim
- Herbal Medicine Formulation Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyekyung Ha
- Herbal Medicine Formulation Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Young Lee
- Herbal Medicine Formulation Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Eun Jin
- Herbal Medicine Formulation Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Jeong
- Herbal Medicine Formulation Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Young Jeon
- Herbal Medicine Formulation Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Ra Shin
- Herbal Medicine Formulation Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai-Eun Sok
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeun-Kyoo Shin
- Herbal Medicine Formulation Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea.
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Bruno M, Bancheva S, Rosselli S, Maggio A. Sesquiterpenoids in subtribe Centaureinae (Cass.) Dumort (tribe Cardueae, Asteraceae): distribution, (13)C NMR spectral data and biological properties. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 95:19-93. [PMID: 23948259 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl is one of the biggest and most economically important plant families. The taxonomy and phylogeny of Asteraceae is rather complex and according to the latest and most reliable taxonomic classification of Panero & Funk, based on the analysis of nine chloroplast regions, the family is divided into 12 subfamilies and 35 tribes. One of the largest tribes of Asteraceae is Cardueae Cass. with four subtribes (Carlininae, Echinopinae, Carduinae and Centaureinae) and more than 2500 species. Susanna & Garcia-Jacas have organized the genera of Centaureinae (about 800 species) into seven informal groups, which recent molecular studies have confirmed: 1. Basal genera; 2. Volutaria group; 3. Rhaponticum group; 4. Serratula group; 5. Carthamus group; 6. Crocodylium group; 7. Centaurea group. This review summarizes reports on sesquiterpenoids from the Centaureinae subtribe of the Asteraceae family, as well as the (13)C NMR spectral data described in the literature. It further reviews studies concerning the biological activities of these metabolites. For this work, literature data on sesquiterpenes from the Centaureinae subtribe were retrieved with the help of the SciFinder database and other similar data banks. All entries from 1958 until the end of 2011 were considered. This review is addressed to scientists working in the metabolomics field such as chemists, botanists, etc., the spectroscopic data reported make this work a good tool for structural elucidation, the biological section gives useful information to those who wish to study the structure activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Bruno
- STEBICEF, Section of Chemistry, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
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Saussurea lappa Clarke-Derived Costunolide Prevents TNF α -Induced Breast Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion by Inhibiting NF- κ B Activity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:936257. [PMID: 23997800 PMCID: PMC3755433 DOI: 10.1155/2013/936257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Saussurea lappa Clarke (SLC) has been used as a traditional medicine in Korea, China, and Japan for the treatment of abdominal pain and tenesmus. Costunolide, a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from SLC, has diverse medicinal effects. However, the anticancer effects of costunolide are still unclear in breast cancer. In this study, we demonstrate that costunolide suppresses tumor growth and metastases of MDA-MB-231 highly metastatic human breast cancer cells via inhibiting TNFα-induced NF-κB activation. Costunolide inhibited MDA-MB-231 tumor growth and metastases without affecting body weights in the in vivo mouse orthotopic tumor growth assays. In addition, costunolide inhibited in vitro TNFα-induced invasion and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. Costunolide further suppressed TNFα-induced NF-κB signaling activation, resulting in a reduced expression of MMP-9, a well-known NF-κB-dependent gene to mediate breast cancer cell growth and metastases. Therefore, we conclude that SLC and its derivative costunolide suppress breast cancer growth and metastases by inhibiting TNFα-induced NF-κB activation, suggesting that costunolide as well as SLC may be promising anticancer drugs, especially for metastatic breast cancer.
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Saleem TSM, Lokanath N, Prasanthi A, Madhavi M, Mallika G, Vishnu MN. Aqueous extract of Saussurea lappa root ameliorate oxidative myocardial injury induced by isoproterenol in rats. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2013; 4:94-100. [PMID: 23833749 PMCID: PMC3696228 DOI: 10.4103/2231-4040.111525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Saussurea lappa Clarke (Compositae), is commonly known as Kushta. In Ayurvedha, it is mentioned that the aqueous extract of the root S. lappa was used for treatment of angina pectoris. The present study was designed to investigate the cardioprotective effect of aqueous extract of root of S. lappa against isoproterenol induced myocardial injury. Myocardial injury in rat was induced by the administration of isoproterenol at a dose of 85 mg/kg, i.p., The rats were pretreated with the aqueous extract of S. lappa (AESL) in three different doses (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) through the oral route. Isoproterenol alone-treated rats showed increased serum concentration of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine kinase (CK), and aspartate transaminase (AST), increased myocardial thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level, and decreased myocardial glutathione (GSH) level due to myocardial damage produced by isoproterenol. This is further conformed by histopathological changes. Chronic oral administration of AESL in three different doses significantly restored the level of myocardial LDH, CK, AST, TBARS, and GSH. The extract effect was compared with the reference standard α-tocopherol which also offered similar protection in biochemical and histopathological changes. The overall beneficial effect which was observed with the dose of 200 mg/kg indicated that AESL produced significant dose-dependent activity against isoproterenol induced myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Mohamed Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Annamacharya College of Pharmacy, Rajampet, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Cheon YH, Song MJ, Kim JY, Kwak SC, Park JH, Lee CH, Kim JJ, Kim JY, Choi MK, Oh J, Kim YC, Yoon KH, Kwak HB, Lee MS. Costunolide Inhibits Osteoclast Differentiation by Suppressing c-Fos Transcriptional Activity. Phytother Res 2013; 28:586-92. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Hee Cheon
- Department of Anatomy; Wonkwang University; 460 Iksandae-ro Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 Korea
| | - Mi Jin Song
- Department of Anatomy; Wonkwang University; 460 Iksandae-ro Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- Department of Anatomy; Wonkwang University; 460 Iksandae-ro Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 Korea
| | - Seong Cheoul Kwak
- Department of Anatomy; Wonkwang University; 460 Iksandae-ro Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 Korea
| | - Ju Ha Park
- Department of Anatomy; Wonkwang University; 460 Iksandae-ro Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine; Wonkwang University; 460 Iksandae-ro Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 Korea
| | - Jeong Joong Kim
- Department of Anatomy; Wonkwang University; 460 Iksandae-ro Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 Korea
- Institute for Skeletal Disease; Wonkwang University; 460 Iksandae-ro Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 Korea
| | - Jung Young Kim
- Department of Anatomy; Wonkwang University; 460 Iksandae-ro Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 Korea
| | - Min Kyu Choi
- Department of Anatomy; Wonkwang University; 460 Iksandae-ro Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 Korea
- Institute for Skeletal Disease; Wonkwang University; 460 Iksandae-ro Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 Korea
- Institute for Environmental Science; Wonkwang University; 460 Iksandae-ro Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 Korea
| | - Jaemin Oh
- Department of Anatomy; Wonkwang University; 460 Iksandae-ro Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 Korea
- Institute for Skeletal Disease; Wonkwang University; 460 Iksandae-ro Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 Korea
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- Standardized Material Bank for New Botanical Drugs, College of Pharmacy; Wonkwang University; 460 Iksandae-ro Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 Korea
| | - Kwon-Ha Yoon
- Radiology, School of Medicine; Wonkwang University; 460 Iksandae-ro Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 Korea
| | - Han Bok Kwak
- Department of Anatomy; Wonkwang University; 460 Iksandae-ro Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 Korea
- Institute for Skeletal Disease; Wonkwang University; 460 Iksandae-ro Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 Korea
| | - Myeung Su Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine; Wonkwang University; 460 Iksandae-ro Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 Korea
- Institute for Skeletal Disease; Wonkwang University; 460 Iksandae-ro Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 Korea
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Rasul A, Bao R, Malhi M, Zhao B, Tsuji I, Li J, Li X. Induction of apoptosis by costunolide in bladder cancer cells is mediated through ROS generation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Molecules 2013; 18:1418-33. [PMID: 23348995 PMCID: PMC6269911 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18021418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of several therapeutic options, a safer and more effective modality is urgently needed for treatment of bladder cancer. Costunolide, a member of sesquiterpene lactone family, possesses potent anticancer properties. In this study, for the first time we investigated the effects of costunolide on the cell viability and apoptosis in human bladder cancer T24 cells. Treatment of T24 cells with costunolide resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of cell viability and induction of apoptosis which was associated with the generation of ROS and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm). These effects were significantly blocked when the cells were pretreated with N-acetyl- cysteine (NAC), a specific ROS inhibitor. Exposure of T24 cells to costunolide was also associated with increased expression of Bax, down-regulation of Bcl-2, survivin and significant activation of caspase-3, and its downstream target PARP. These findings provide the rationale for further in vivo and clinical investigation of costunolide against human bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Rasul
- Dental Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Rui Bao
- Dental Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Mahadev Malhi
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Ichiro Tsuji
- Department of Public Health, Tohoku University, Sendai 9808576, Japan
| | - Jiang Li
- Dental Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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Qiu LP, Chen KP. Anti-HBV agents derived from botanical origin. Fitoterapia 2012; 84:140-57. [PMID: 23164603 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
There are 350,000 hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers all over the world. Chronic HBV infection is at a high risk of developing liver cirrhosis and hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC), and heavily threatened people's health. Two kinds of drugs approved by FDA for anti-HBV therapy are immunomodulators (interferon α, pegylated-interferon α) and nucleos(t)ide analogues (lamivudine, adefovir dipivoxil, entecavir, telbivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate). These drugs have been proved to be far from being satisfactory due to their low specificity, side effects, and high rate of drug resistance. There is an urgent need to discover and develop novel effective anti-HBV drugs. With vast resources, various structures, diverse biological activities and action mechanisms, as well as abundant clinical experiences, botanical agents become a promising source of finding new anti-HBV drugs. This review summarizes the recent research and development of anti-HBV agents derived from botanical origin on their sources and active components, inhibitory effects and possible toxicities, as well as action targets and mechanisms, and also addresses the advantages and the existing shortcomings in the development of botanical inhibitors. This information may not only broaden the knowledge of anti-HBV therapy, and offer possible alternative or substitutive drugs for CHB patients, but also provides considerable information for developing new safe and effective anti-HBV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Peng Qiu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212013, China
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Shin HJ, Kim SJ, Youn HS. Costunolide inhibits interferon regulatory factor 3 activation induced by lipopolysaccharide and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid. Food Sci Biotechnol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-012-0177-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Duraipandiyan V, Abdullah Al-Harbi N, Ignacimuthu S, Muthukumar C. Antimicrobial activity of sesquiterpene lactones isolated from traditional medicinal plant, Costus speciosus (Koen ex.Retz.) Sm. Altern Ther Health Med 2012; 12:13. [PMID: 22397713 PMCID: PMC3348003 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Costus speciosus (Koen ex.Retz.) Sm (Costaceae) is an Indian ornamental plant which has long been used medicinally in traditional systems of medicine. The plant has been found to possess diverse pharmacological activities. Rhizomes are used to treat pneumonia, rheumatism, dropsy, urinary diseases, jaundice, skin diseases and leaves are used to treat mental disorders. METHOD Antibacterial and antifungal activities were tested using Disc diffusion method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Column chromatography was used to isolate compounds from hexane extract. X-ray crystallography technique and GC-MS analysis were used to identify the compounds RESULTS Antibacterial and antifungal activities were observed in hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. Hexane extract of C.speciosus showed good activity against tested fungi also. Two sesquiterpenoid compounds were isolated (costunolide and eremanthin) from the hexane extract. Both the compounds did not inhibit the growth of tested bacteria. But, both the compounds inhibited the tested fungi. The compound costunolide showed significant antifungal activity. The MIC values of costunolide were; 62.5 μg/ml against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, 62. μg/ml against T. simii, 31.25 μg/ml against T. rubrum 296, 62.5 μg/ml against T. rubrum 57, 125 μg/ml against Epidermophyton floccosum, 250 μg/ml against Scopulariopsis sp, 250 μg/ml against Aspergillus niger, 125 μg/ml against Curvulari lunata, 250 μg/ml against Magnaporthe grisea. CONCLUSION Hexane extract showed promising antibacterial and antifungal activity. The isolated compound costunolide showed good antifungal activity.
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Dehydrocostuslactone suppresses angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo through inhibition of Akt/GSK-3β and mTOR signaling pathways. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31195. [PMID: 22359572 PMCID: PMC3281050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The traditional Chinese medicine component dehydrocostuslactone (DHC) isolated from Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipschitz, has been shown to have anti-cancer activity. Angiogenesis is an essential process in the growth and progression of cancer. In this study, we demonstrated, for the first time, the anti-angiogenic mechanism of action of DHC to be via the induction of cell cycle progression at the G0/G1 phase due to abrogation of the Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β)/cyclin D1 and mTOR signaling pathway. First, we demonstrated that DHC has an anti-angiogenic effect in the matrigel-plug nude mice model and an inhibitory effect on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation and capillary-like tube formation in vitro. DHC caused G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, which was associated with the down-regulation of cyclin D1 expression, leading to the suppression of retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation and subsequent inhibition of cyclin A and cdk2 expression. With respect to the molecular mechanisms underlying the DHC-induced cyclin D1 down-regulation, this study demonstrated that DHC significantly inhibits Akt expression, resulting in the suppression of GSK-3β phosphorylation and mTOR expression. These effects are capable of regulating cyclin D1 degradation, but they were significantly reversed by constitutively active myristoylated (myr)-Akt. Furthermore, the abrogation of tube formation induced by DHC was also reversed by overexpression of Akt. And the co-treatment with LiCl and DHC significantly reversed the growth inhibition induced by DHC. Taken together, our study has identified Akt/GSK-3β and mTOR as important targets of DHC and has thus highlighted its potential application in angiogenesis-related diseases, such as cancer.
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81
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Dhawan BN. Anti-Viral Activity of Indian Plants. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, INDIA. SECTION B 2012; 82:209-224. [PMID: 32226204 PMCID: PMC7099914 DOI: 10.1007/s40011-011-0016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plants continue to be a major source for new chemical entities to develop novel therapeutic agents. Large number of plants has been shown to be active in vitro against a variety of human pathogenic viruses or their near congeners. In several cases the active compounds have been isolated and characterized. Very few of them, however, have been investigated in detail in vivo or taken to the clinic. Pure compounds like andrographolide, curcumin and glycyrrhizic acid as well as extracts of Azadirachta indica have shown activity against several viruses and should be investigated further for their therapeutic potential. An analysis of available data from several hundred species indicates that antiviral activity is more likely to be found in plants belonging to certain families. It is necessary to screen more plants of these families which are available in India to obtain further leads.
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82
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Chang KM, Choi SI, Chung SJ, Kim GH. Anti-microbial Activity of Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke Roots. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2011.16.4.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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83
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Choi YK, Seo HS, Choi HS, Choi HS, Kim SR, Shin YC, Ko SG. Induction of Fas-mediated extrinsic apoptosis, p21WAF1-related G2/M cell cycle arrest and ROS generation by costunolide in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 363:119-28. [PMID: 22147197 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1164-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Costunolide (C(15)H(20)O(2)) is a sesquiterpene lactone that was isolated from many herbal medicines and it has diverse effects according to previous reports. However, the anti-cancer effects and the mechanism of actions are still unknown in breast cancer. In this study, we first observed that costunolide inhibits cell growth in a dose-and time-dependent manner. To examine the mechanism by which costunolide inhibits cell growth, we checked the effect of costunolide on apoptosis and the cell cycle. Costunolide induced apoptosis through the extrinsic pathway, including the activation of Fas, caspase-8, caspase-3, and degradation of PARP. However, did not have the same effect on the intrinsic pathway as revealed by analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) with JC-1 dye and expression of Bcl2 and Bax proteins level. Furthermore, costunolide induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase via decrease in Cdc2, cyclin B1 and increase in p21WAF1 expression, independent of p53 pathway in p53-mutant MDA-MB-231 cells and increases Cdc2-p21WAF1 binding. In addition, costunolide had a slight induced effect on ROS generation. Among the mechanisms of p21WAF1 induction examined, costunolide-induced increase in p21WAF1 expression was related with protein stability and ROS generation. Through this study we confirm that costunolide induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death via extrinsic pathway in MDA-MB-231 cells suggesting that it could be a promising anticancer drug especially for ER-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Kyung Choi
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
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84
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Saussurea lappa (Kuth root): review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-011-0043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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85
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Ham A, Lee SJ, Shin J, Kim KH, Mar W. Regulatory effects of costunolide on dopamine metabolism-associated genes inhibit dopamine-induced apoptosis in human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells. Neurosci Lett 2011; 507:101-5. [PMID: 22040670 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the substantia nigra and the subsequent depletion of dopamine (DA). This study assessed the protective effects of costunolide on DA-induced apoptosis in human DAergic SH-SY5Y cells, and its regulation of DA metabolism-associated gene and protein expression. Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) staining using flow cytometric analysis (FACS) revealed that costunolide significantly protected human DAergic SH-SY5Y cells against DA-induced apoptosis. In addition, co-treatment of costunolide with DA in SH-SY5Y cells regulated DA metabolism-associated gene expression, as we observed an increase in both mRNA and protein levels of nuclear receptor related-1 (Nurr1), DA transporter (DAT), and vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT2). In contrast, α-synuclein (ASYN) protein levels were decreased. Our findings suggest that costunolide has anti-apoptotic activity, presumably due to its regulatory effects on DA metabolism-associated genes. Therefore, costunolide could be considered as a candidate therapy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahrom Ham
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Gwanak 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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86
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Yang YI, Kim JH, Lee KT, Choi JH. Costunolide induces apoptosis in platinum-resistant human ovarian cancer cells by generating reactive oxygen species. Gynecol Oncol 2011; 123:588-96. [PMID: 21945308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The acquired resistance to platinum-based drugs has become an obstacle in the management of ovarian cancer. We investigated the apoptosis-inducing effect of costunolide, a natural sesquiterpene lactone, in platinum-resistant human ovarian cancer cells, along with the molecular mechanism of action. METHODS Costunolide and cisplatin were examined in platinum-resistant human ovarian cancer cells. MTT assay for cell viability, PI staining for cell cycle profiling, and Annexin V assay for apoptosis analysis. ROS production and protein expression was assessed by H(2)DCFDA staining and Western blotting, respectively. Combination effect was determined using the Combination Index (CI) method. RESULTS It was found that costunolide is more potent than cisplatin in inhibiting cell growth in three platinum-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines (MPSC1(PT), A2780(PT), and SKOV3(PT)). Costunolide induced apoptosis of platinum-resistant cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner and suppressed tumor growth in SKOV3(PT)-bearing mouse model. In addition, costunolide triggered the activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9. Pretreatment with caspase inhibitors neutralized the pro-apoptotic activity of costunolide. We further demonstrated that costunolide induced a significant increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) significantly attenuated the costunolide-induced production of ROS, activation of caspases, down-regulation of Bcl-2, and apoptosis in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, costunolide synergized with cisplatin to induce cell death in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data suggest that costunolide, alone or in combination with cisplatin, may be of therapeutic potential in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-In Yang
- Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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87
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Zhang Q, Cai D, Liu J. Matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction coupled with HPLC-diode array detection method for the analysis of sesquiterpene lactones in root of Saussurea lappa C.B.Clarke. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:2809-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 08/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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88
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Liu Q, Majdi M, Cankar K, Goedbloed M, Charnikhova T, Verstappen FWA, de Vos RCH, Beekwilder J, van der Krol S, Bouwmeester HJ. Reconstitution of the costunolide biosynthetic pathway in yeast and Nicotiana benthamiana. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23255. [PMID: 21858047 PMCID: PMC3156125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The sesquiterpene costunolide has a broad range of biological activities and is the parent compound for many other biologically active sesquiterpenes such as parthenolide. Two enzymes of the pathway leading to costunolide have been previously characterized: germacrene A synthase (GAS) and germacrene A oxidase (GAO), which together catalyse the biosynthesis of germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oic acid. However, the gene responsible for the last step toward costunolide has not been characterized until now. Here we show that chicory costunolide synthase (CiCOS), CYP71BL3, can catalyse the oxidation of germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oic acid to yield costunolide. Co-expression of feverfew GAS (TpGAS), chicory GAO (CiGAO), and chicory COS (CiCOS) in yeast resulted in the biosynthesis of costunolide. The catalytic activity of TpGAS, CiGAO and CiCOS was also verified in planta by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. Mitochondrial targeting of TpGAS resulted in a significant increase in the production of germacrene A compared with the native cytosolic targeting. When the N. benthamiana leaves were co-infiltrated with TpGAS and CiGAO, germacrene A almost completely disappeared as a result of the presence of CiGAO. Transient expression of TpGAS, CiGAO and CiCOS in N. benthamiana leaves resulted in costunolide production of up to 60 ng.g(-1) FW. In addition, two new compounds were formed that were identified as costunolide-glutathione and costunolide-cysteine conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad Majdi
- Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Katarina Cankar
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Plant Research International, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam Goedbloed
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tatsiana Charnikhova
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ric C. H. de Vos
- Plant Research International, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for BioSystems Genomics, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jules Beekwilder
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Plant Research International, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander van der Krol
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harro J. Bouwmeester
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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89
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Onyemekeihia UR, Esume CO, Oladele CO, Oviasu E. Herbal vaginal pessary induced acute renal failure. Indian J Nephrol 2011; 19:158-60. [PMID: 20535252 PMCID: PMC2875706 DOI: 10.4103/0971-4065.59338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In Africa, the use of traditional herbal remedy is widespread. Acute renal failure (ARF) is one of the most serious complications. The use of herbal remedies (mostly orally) accounts for nearly 35% of all cases of acute renal failure in Africa. Development of renal failure following herbal vaginal pessary is rarely reported. In November 2003, a 35-year-old Nigerian female who is a petty trader and a primary school leaver with three children (all males) presented to us in the renal unit with oliguric ARF induced by herbal vaginal pessary. She had sought this alternative medicine in an attempt to have a female child as all her three children are males. Her condition was managed accordingly and required three sessions of hemodialysis. She started diuresing on the eighth day of admission. This case presentation highlights the potential tragedies of herbal preparation, of note, that herbal vaginal pessaries are as deleterious as the oral preparations, and that the dilemma of ignorance is still prevalent in our society.
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Affiliation(s)
- U R Onyemekeihia
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria
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90
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Ikezawa N, Göpfert JC, Nguyen DT, Kim SU, O'Maille PE, Spring O, Ro DK. Lettuce costunolide synthase (CYP71BL2) and its homolog (CYP71BL1) from sunflower catalyze distinct regio- and stereoselective hydroxylations in sesquiterpene lactone metabolism. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:21601-11. [PMID: 21515683 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.216804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) are terpenoid natural products possessing the γ-lactone, well known for their diverse biological and medicinal activities. The occurrence of STLs is sporadic in nature, but most STLs have been isolated from plants in the Asteraceae family. Despite the implication of the γ-lactone group in many reported bioactivities of STLs, the biosynthetic origins of the γ-lactone ring remains elusive. Germacrene A acid (GAA) has been suggested as a central precursor of diverse STLs. The regioselective (C6 or C8) and stereoselective (α or β) hydroxylation on a carbon of GAA adjacent to its carboxylic acid at C12 is responsible for the γ-lactone formation. Here, we report two cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) capable of catalyzing 6α- and 8β-hydroxylation of GAA from lettuce and sunflower, respectively. To identify these P450s, sunflower trichomes were isolated to generate a trichome-specific transcript library, from which 10 P450 clones were retrieved. Expression of these clones in a yeast strain metabolically engineered to synthesize substrate GAA identified a P450 catalyzing 8β-hydroxylation of GAA, but the STL was not formed by spontaneous lactonization. Subsequently, we identified the closest homolog of the GAA 8β-hydroxylase from lettuce and discovered 6α-hydroxylation of GAA by the recombinant enzyme. The resulting 6α-hydroxy-GAA spontaneously undergoes a lactonization to yield the simplest form of STL, costunolide. Furthermore, we demonstrate the milligram per liter scale de novo synthesis of costunolide using the lettuce P450 in an engineered yeast strain, an important advance that will enable exploitation of STLs. Evolution and homology models of these two P450s are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Ikezawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary T2N 1N4, Canada
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91
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Meng FY, Sun JX, Li X, Yu HY, Li SM, Ruan HL. Schiglautone A, a New Tricyclic Triterpenoid with a Unique 6/7/9-Fused Skeleton from the Stems of Schisandra glaucescens. Org Lett 2011; 13:1502-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol200188n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Yu Meng
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, P. R. China, and Institut of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Philipps University of Marburg, Deutschhausstrasse 17A, D-35037, Germany
| | - Jia-Xiang Sun
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, P. R. China, and Institut of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Philipps University of Marburg, Deutschhausstrasse 17A, D-35037, Germany
| | - Xue Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, P. R. China, and Institut of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Philipps University of Marburg, Deutschhausstrasse 17A, D-35037, Germany
| | - Heng-Yi Yu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, P. R. China, and Institut of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Philipps University of Marburg, Deutschhausstrasse 17A, D-35037, Germany
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, P. R. China, and Institut of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Philipps University of Marburg, Deutschhausstrasse 17A, D-35037, Germany
| | - Han-Li Ruan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, P. R. China, and Institut of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Philipps University of Marburg, Deutschhausstrasse 17A, D-35037, Germany
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92
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Costunolide stimulates the function of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:712-8. [PMID: 21296696 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of costunolide on the function of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells was studied. Costunolide significantly increased the growth of MC3T3-E1 cells and caused a significant elevation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen content, and mineralization in the cells (P<0.05). The effect of costunolide in increasing cell growth was completely prevented by the presence of ICI182780, LY294002, PD98059, rotlerin, or glibenclamide, suggesting that the effect of costunolide might be partly mediated from estrogen receptor (ER), PI3K, ERK, protein kinase C (PKC) and mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K(+) channel. The effect of costunolide in increasing ALP activity was prevented by the presence of ICI182780, PD98059, SB203580, or rotrelin, suggesting that the effect of costunolide on ALP activity might be mediated from ER, ERK, p38, and PKC. The effect of costunolide in increasing collagen content was prevented by the presence of LY294002, PD98059, SB203580, SP600125, or rotrelin, suggesting that the effect of costunolide on collagen synthesis might be mediated from PI3K, ERK, p38, JNK, and PKC. Moreover, cotreatment of ICI182780 or LY294002 inhibited costunolide-mediated upregulation of mineralization, suggesting that the induction of mineralization by costunolide is associated with increased activation of ER and PI3K. Our data indicate that the enhancement of osteoblast function by costunolide may result in the prevention for osteoporosis.
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93
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Eliza J, Daisy P, Ignacimuthu S. Antioxidant activity of costunolide and eremanthin isolated from Costus speciosus (Koen ex. Retz) Sm. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 188:467-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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94
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Hu F, Feng S, Wu Y, Bi Y, Cui F, Li Y, Wang C. Development of High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Costunolide and Dehydrocostuslactone in Mice Plasma and Tissues: Application to Pharmacokinetic Study. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201090379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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95
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Wang YF, Ni ZY, Dong M, Cong B, Shi QW, Gu YC, Kiyota H. Secondary Metabolites of Plants from the Genus Saussurea: Chemistry and Biological Activity. Chem Biodivers 2010; 7:2623-59. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200900406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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96
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New anti-HBV caryophyllane-type sesquiterpenoids from Euphorbia humifusa Willd. Fitoterapia 2010; 82:251-4. [PMID: 20940034 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 09/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Activity-guided fractionation of Euphorbia humifusa for anti-HBV activity led to the isolation of two novel sesquiterpenoids, named humifusane A (1) and humifusane B (2). Their structures were elucidated by spectral data to show that they have a caryophyllane-type precursor structure. The two new sesquiterpenoids showed anti-HBV activities through specifically inhibiting the secretion of HBsAg in HepG2.2.15.
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97
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Hu F, Feng S, Wu Y, Bi Y, Wang C, Li W. Quantitative analysis of costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone in rat plasma by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 25:547-54. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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98
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Kim DH, Choi JH, Park HJ, Park JH, Lee KT. Costunolide Induces Apoptosis via Modulation of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase in HL-60 Human Leukemia Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2010. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2010.18.2.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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99
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Cheng YB, Liao TC, Lo IW, Chen YC, Kuo YC, Chen SY, Chien CT, Shen YC. Arisandilactone A, a New Triterpenoid from the Fruits of Schisandra arisanensis. Org Lett 2010; 12:1016-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol100024r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Bin Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen University, Taipei Hsien, Taiwan, and Division of Silviculture, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ching Liao
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen University, Taipei Hsien, Taiwan, and Division of Silviculture, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Wen Lo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen University, Taipei Hsien, Taiwan, and Division of Silviculture, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen University, Taipei Hsien, Taiwan, and Division of Silviculture, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Chi Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen University, Taipei Hsien, Taiwan, and Division of Silviculture, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Ying Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen University, Taipei Hsien, Taiwan, and Division of Silviculture, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Te Chien
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen University, Taipei Hsien, Taiwan, and Division of Silviculture, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ching Shen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen University, Taipei Hsien, Taiwan, and Division of Silviculture, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
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Choi JH, Lee KT. Costunolide-induced apoptosis in human leukemia cells: involvement of c-jun N-terminal kinase activation. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 32:1803-8. [PMID: 19801848 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.1803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The authors previously reported that costunolide, an active compound isolated from the stem bark of Magnolia sieboldii, induced apoptosis via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Bcl-2-dependent mitochondrial permeability transition in human leukemia cells. In the present study, the authors investigated whether mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are involved in the costunolide-induced apoptosis in human promonocytic leukemia U937 cells. Treatment with costunolide resulted in the significant activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), but not of extracellular-signal-related kinase (ERK1/2) or p38. In vitro kinase assays showed that JNK activity was low in untreated cells but increased dramatically after 30 min of costunolide treatment. U937 cells co-treated with costunolide and sorbitol, a JNK activator, exhibited higher levels of cell death. In addition, inhibition of the JNK pathway using a dominant-negative mutation of c-jun and JNK inhibitor SP600125, significantly prevented costunolide-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, pretreatment with the antioxidant NAC (N-acetyl-L-cysteine) blocked the costunolide-stimulated activation of JNK while the overexpression of Bcl-2 failed to reverse JNK activation. Pretreatment with SP600125 recovered the costunolide-suppressed Bcl-2 expression. These results indicate that costunolide-induced JNK activation acts downstream of ROS but upstream of Bcl-2, and suggest that ROS-mediated JNK activation plays a key role in costunolide-induced apoptosis. Moreover, the administration of costunolide (intraperitoneally once a day for 7 d) significantly suppressed tumor growth and increased survival in 3LL Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hye Choi
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-Dong, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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