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Wurtzler EM, Wendell D. Selective Photocatalytic Disinfection by Coupling StrepMiniSog to the Antibody Catalyzed Water Oxidation Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162577. [PMID: 27617441 PMCID: PMC5019378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For several decades reactive oxygen species have been applied to water quality engineering and efficient disinfection strategies; however, these methods are limited by disinfection byproduct and catalyst-derived toxicity concerns which could be improved by selectively targeting contaminants of interest. Here we present a targeted photocatalytic system based on the fusion protein StrepMiniSOG that uses light within the visible spectrum to produce reactive oxygen species at a greater efficiency than current photosensitizers, allowing for shorter irradiation times from a fully biodegradable photocatalyst. The StrepMiniSOG photodisinfection system is unable to cross cell membranes and like other consumed proteins, can be degraded by endogenous digestive enzymes in the human gut, thereby reducing the consumption risks typically associated with other disinfection agents. We demonstrate specific, multi-log removal of Listeria monocytogenes from a mixed population of bacteria, establishing the StrepMiniSOG disinfection system as a valuable tool for targeted pathogen removal, while maintaining existing microbial biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Wurtzler
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - David Wendell
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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52
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Photodynamic therapy effect on cell growth inhibition induced by Radachlorin and toluidine blue O on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli: An in vitro study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 15:213-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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53
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Gomez GF, Huang R, MacPherson M, Ferreira Zandona AG, Gregory RL. Photo Inactivation of Streptococcus mutans Biofilm by Violet-Blue light. Curr Microbiol 2016; 73:426-433. [PMID: 27278805 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-016-1075-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Among various preventive approaches, non-invasive phototherapy/photodynamic therapy is one of the methods used to control oral biofilm. Studies indicate that light at specific wavelengths has a potent antibacterial effect. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of violet-blue light at 380-440 nm to inhibit biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans or kill S. mutans. S. mutans UA159 biofilm cells were grown for 12-16 h in 96-well flat-bottom microtiter plates using tryptic soy broth (TSB) or TSB with 1 % sucrose (TSBS). Biofilm was irradiated with violet-blue light for 5 min. After exposure, plates were re-incubated at 37 °C for either 2 or 6 h to allow the bacteria to recover. A crystal violet biofilm assay was used to determine relative densities of the biofilm cells grown in TSB, but not in TSBS, exposed to violet-blue light. The results indicated a statistically significant (P < 0.05) decrease compared to the non-treated groups after the 2 or 6 h recovery period. Growth rates of planktonic and biofilm cells indicated a significant reduction in the growth rate of the violet-blue light-treated groups grown in TSB and TSBS. Biofilm viability assays confirmed a statistically significant difference between violet-blue light-treated and non-treated groups in TSB and TSBS. Visible violet-blue light of the electromagnetic spectrum has the ability to inhibit S. mutans growth and reduce the formation of S. mutans biofilm. This in vitro study demonstrated that violet-blue light has the capacity to inhibit S. mutans biofilm formation. Potential clinical applications of light therapy in the future remain bright in preventing the development and progression of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace F Gomez
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, 1121 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Ruijie Huang
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, 1121 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section of South Renmin Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Meoghan MacPherson
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, 1947 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Andrea G Ferreira Zandona
- Department of Operative Dentistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill - School of Dentistry, 436 Brauer Hall, Room 447, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7450, USA
| | - Richard L Gregory
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, 1121 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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Managa M, Mack J, Gonzalez-Lucas D, Remiro-Buenamañana S, Tshangana C, Cammidge AN, Nyokong T. Photophysical properties of tetraphenylporphyrinsubphthalocyanine conjugates. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424615500959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Novel tetraphenylporphyrin-subphthalocyanine conjugates have been prepared and characterized. An analysis of their optical spectroscopy and electronic structures using fluorescence emission and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy and TD-DFT calculations, demonstrates that the two chromophores do not interact to any significant extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthumuni Managa
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | - Tebello Nyokong
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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55
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Rabinovich IM, Rabinovich OF, Abramova ES, Denisova MA. [Clinical and pathogenetic aspects of various forms of cheilitis]. STOMATOLOGII︠A︡ 2016; 95:67-72. [PMID: 27182564 DOI: 10.17116/stomat201695167-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I M Rabinovich
- Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - O F Rabinovich
- Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - E S Abramova
- Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Denisova
- Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia
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56
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Zverev VV, Makarov OV, Khashukoeva AZ, Svitich OA, Dobrokhotova YE, Markova EA, Labginov PA, Khlinova SA, Shulenina EA, Gankovskaya LV. In vitro studies of the antiherpetic effect of photodynamic therapy. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:849-55. [PMID: 27003896 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-1912-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The number of viral infection cases in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics has tended to increase over last few years. Viruses form herpesvirus and cytomegalovirus families are associated with an increased risk for recurrent pregnancy loss. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising new approach to treat viral infections in which viral particles are inactivated. It exhibits great therapeutic potential, particularly among this group of patients. This study examined the use of PDT to treat herpesvirus infection (HVI) using an in vitro model. In this study, we used the Vero сell lineage as a suitable model of HVI, strains of HSV-1 (strain VR-3) and HSV-2 (strain MS) obtained from The National Virus Collection (London, UK), the photosensitizer Fotoditazine (Veta-Grand, Russia), an AFS physiotherapeutic device (Polironic Corporation, Russia). Laser light irradiation and the photosensitizer had different cytotoxic effects on the Vero cell cultures depending on the doses used. The optimal laser light and photosensitizer doses were determined. PDT had an antiviral effect on an in vitro model of HVI in cell culture. PDT has been shown to be effective treatment for HVI in vitro, leading to a reliable decrease of viral titer.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Zverev
- Mechnikov Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums, Maly Kazeynny per., 5A, 105064, Moscow, Russia
| | - O V Makarov
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Medical Faculty, Pyrogov Russian National Research Medical University, Str. Ostrovityanova, 1, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Z Khashukoeva
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Medical Faculty, Pyrogov Russian National Research Medical University, Str. Ostrovityanova, 1, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - O A Svitich
- Mechnikov Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums, Maly Kazeynny per., 5A, 105064, Moscow, Russia
| | - Y E Dobrokhotova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Medical Faculty, Pyrogov Russian National Research Medical University, Str. Ostrovityanova, 1, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - E A Markova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Medical Faculty, Pyrogov Russian National Research Medical University, Str. Ostrovityanova, 1, 117997, Moscow, Russia.
| | - P A Labginov
- Mechnikov Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums, Maly Kazeynny per., 5A, 105064, Moscow, Russia
| | - S A Khlinova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Medical Faculty, Pyrogov Russian National Research Medical University, Str. Ostrovityanova, 1, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - E A Shulenina
- Mechnikov Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums, Maly Kazeynny per., 5A, 105064, Moscow, Russia
| | - L V Gankovskaya
- Department of Immunology, Pyrogov Russian National Research Medical University, Str. Ostrovityanova, 1, 117997, Moscow, Russia
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57
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Managa M, Amuhaya EK, Nyokong T. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy activity of (5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-(4-carboxyphenycarbonoimidoyl)phenyl)porphyrinato) chloro gallium(III). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 151:867-874. [PMID: 26184471 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
(5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(4-(4-carboxyphenycarbonoimidoyl)phenyl)porphyrinato) chloro gallium(III) (complex 1) was conjugated to platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) (represented as 1-PtNPs). The resulting conjugate showed 18 nm red shift in the Soret band when compared to 1 alone. Complex 1 and 1-PtNPs showed promising photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans in solution where the log reductions obtained were 4.92, 3.76, and 3.95, respectively for 1-PtNPs. The singlet oxygen quantum yields obtained were higher at 0.56 for 1-PtNPs in DMF while that of 1 was 0.52 in the same solvent. This resulted in improved PACT activity for 1-PtNPs compared to 1 alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthumuni Managa
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Edith K Amuhaya
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
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58
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González-Delgado JA, Kennedy PJ, Ferreira M, Tomé JPC, Sarmento B. Use of Photosensitizers in Semisolid Formulations for Microbial Photodynamic Inactivation. J Med Chem 2015; 59:4428-42. [PMID: 26569024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Semisolid formulations, such as gels, creams and ointments, have recently contributed to the progression of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and microbial photodynamic inactivation (PDI) in clinical applications. The most important challenges facing this field are the physicochemical properties of photosensitizers (PSs), optimal drug release profiles, and the photosensitivity of surrounding tissues. By further integration of nanotechnology with semisolid formulations, very promising pharmaceuticals have been generated against several dermatological diseases (PDT) and (antibiotic-resistant) pathogenic microorganisms (PDI). This review focuses on the different PSs and their associated semisolid formulations currently found in both the market and clinical trials that are used in PDT/PDI. Special emphasis is placed on the advantages that the semisolid formulations bring to drug delivery in PDI. Lastly, some potential considerations for improvement in this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A González-Delgado
- Inovapotek, Pharmaceutical Research & Development , Edifício Inovar e Crescer, Salas 23 e 39, Rua Alfredo Allen, 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,QOPNA and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Patrick J Kennedy
- ICBAS-Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.,I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.,INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Ferreira
- Inovapotek, Pharmaceutical Research & Development , Edifício Inovar e Crescer, Salas 23 e 39, Rua Alfredo Allen, 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - João P C Tomé
- QOPNA and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.,Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University , B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- Inovapotek, Pharmaceutical Research & Development , Edifício Inovar e Crescer, Salas 23 e 39, Rua Alfredo Allen, 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.,INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.,CESPU-Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde and Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal
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59
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Omarova EO, Nazarov PA, Firsov AM, Strakhovskaya MG, Arkhipova AY, Moisenovich MM, Agapov II, Ol’shevskaya VA, Zaitsev AV, Kalinin VN, Kotova EA, Antonenko YN. Carboranyl-Chlorin e6 as a Potent Antimicrobial Photosensitizer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141990. [PMID: 26535905 PMCID: PMC4633095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation is currently being widely considered as alternative to antibiotic chemotherapy of infective diseases, attracting much attention to design of novel effective photosensitizers. Carboranyl-chlorin-e6 (the conjugate of chlorin e6 with carborane), applied here for the first time for antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation, appeared to be much stronger than chlorin e6 against Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphyllococcus aureus and Mycobacterium sp. Confocal fluorescence spectroscopy and membrane leakage experiments indicated that bacteria cell death upon photodynamic treatment with carboranyl-chlorin-e6 is caused by loss of cell membrane integrity. The enhanced photobactericidal activity was attributed to the increased accumulation of the conjugate by bacterial cells, as evaluated both by centrifugation and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Gram-negative bacteria were rather resistant to antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation mediated by carboranyl-chlorin-e6. Unlike chlorin e6, the conjugate showed higher (compared to the wild-type strain) dark toxicity with Escherichia coli ΔtolC mutant, deficient in TolC-requiring multidrug efflux transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena O. Omarova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel A. Nazarov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander M. Firsov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina G. Strakhovskaya
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Service and Medical Technologies, FMBA, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Igor I. Agapov
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Shumakov Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Andrey V. Zaitsev
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valery N. Kalinin
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A. Kotova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuri N. Antonenko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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60
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Lafuente MT, Alférez F. Effect of LED Blue Light on Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum Strains. Photochem Photobiol 2015; 91:1412-21. [PMID: 26288067 DOI: 10.1111/php.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the antimicrobial properties of light have considerably increased due in part to the development of resistance to actual control methods. This study investigates the potential of light-emitting diodes (LED) blue light for controlling Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum. These fungi are the most devastating postharvest pathogens of citrus fruit and cause important losses due to contaminations and the development of resistant strains against fungicides. The effect of different periods and quantum fluxes, delaying light application on the growth and morphology of P. digitatum strains resistant and sensitive to fungicides, and P. italicum cultured at 20°C was examined. Results showed that blue light controls the growth of all strains and that its efficacy increases with the quantum flux. Spore germination was always avoided by exposing the cultures to high quantum flux (700 μmol m(-2) s(-1) ) for 18 h. Continuous light had an important impact on the fungus morphology and a fungicidal effect when applied at a lower quantum flux (120 μmol m(-2) s(-1) ) to a growing fungus. Sensitivity to light increased with mycelium age. Results show that blue light may be a tool for P. digitatum and P. italicum infection prevention during handling of citrus fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- María T Lafuente
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Paterna-Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Alférez
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Paterna-Valencia, Spain
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61
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Nadeau JL, Cho YB, Lindensmith CA. Use of dyes to increase phase contrast for biological holographic microscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:4114-4117. [PMID: 26368725 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.004114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Holographic microscopy is an emerging biological technique that provides amplitude and quantitative phase imaging, though the contrast provided by many cell types and organelles is low, and until now no dyes were known that increased contrast. Here we show that the metallocorrole Ga(tpfc)(SO3)2, which has a strong Soret band absorption, increases contrast in both amplitude and phase and facilitates tracking of Escherichia coli with minimal toxicity. The change in phase contrast may be calculated from the dye-absorbance spectrum using the Kramers-Kronig relations, and represents a general principle that may be applied to any dye or cell type. This enables the use of holographic microscopy for all applications in which specific labeling is desired.
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Improved antibacterial phototoxicity of a neutral porphyrin in natural deep eutectic solvents. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 148:188-196. [PMID: 25966307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neutral porphyrins for antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) have received little attention due to their tendency to aggregate in aqueous media and reports of low phototoxic effect. These compounds may be less toxic to cells than positively and negatively charged photosensitisers. The preparation of highly bacterial phototoxic formulations of neutral porphyrins remains an open field of research with great potential if achievable. The purpose of this study was to develop novel hydrophilic formulations of the neutral porphyrin 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-porphyrin (THPP) by use of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) prepared by the solvent evaporation method. Physical and photochemical stability and in vitro photoinactivation of Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli were investigated. Two of the 15 NADES investigated demonstrated superior solubilising properties of THPP. The photostability of THPP was higher in NADES than in methanol. A 100-fold dilution of the preparations with buffer to a final concentration of 0.5-5 nM THPP resulted in complete photoinactivation of E. faecalis and E. coli both in their exponential and stationary phase. THPP demonstrated significantly higher phototoxicity when formulated in NADES than in other aqueous preparations like phosphate buffered saline. NADES as a formulation concept for photosensitisers shows a great potential in aPDT.
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63
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Klaper M, Linker T. New singlet oxygen donors based on naphthalenes: synthesis, physical chemical data, and improved stability. Chemistry 2015; 21:8569-77. [PMID: 25919359 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen donors are of current interest for medical applications, but suffer from a short half-life leading to low singlet oxygen yields and problems with storage. We have synthesized more than 25 new singlet oxygen donors based on differently substituted naphthalenes in only a few steps. The influence of functional groups on the reaction rate of the photooxygenations, thermolysis, half-life, and singlet oxygen yield has been thoroughly studied. We determined various thermodynamic data and compared them with density functional calculations. Interestingly, remarkable stabilities of functional groups during the photooxygenations and stabilizing effects for some endoperoxides during the thermolysis have been found. Furthermore, we give evidence for a partly concerted and partly stepwise thermolysis mechanism leading to singlet and triplet oxygen, respectively. Our results might be interesting for "dark oxygenations" and future applications in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Klaper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam (Germany)
| | - Torsten Linker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam (Germany).
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64
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Bumah VV, Masson-Meyers DS, Cashin S, Enwemeka CS. Optimization of the antimicrobial effect of blue light on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in vitro. Lasers Surg Med 2015; 47:266-72. [PMID: 25639752 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In previous studies, we showed that irradiation with 405 nm or 470 nm light suppresses up to 92% methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) growth in vitro and that the remaining bacteria re-colonize. In this study, the aim was to develop a protocol that yields 100% MRSA growth suppression. MATERIALS AND METHODS We cultured 3 × 10(6) and 5 × 10(6) CFU/ml USA300 strain of MRSA and then irradiated each plate with varying fluences of 1-60 J/cm2 of 405 nm or 470 nm light, either once or twice at 6 hours intervals. Next, we plated 7 × 10(6) CFU/ml and irradiated it with 45, 50, 55, or 60 J/cm2 fluence, once, twice, or thrice at the same 6 hours intervals. In a third experiment, the same culture density was irradiated with 0, 165, 180, 220, or 240 J/cm(2) , either once, twice, or thrice. RESULTS Irradiation with either wavelength significantly reduced the bacterial colonies regardless of bacterial density (P < 0.05). At 3 × 10(6) CFU/ml density, nearly 40% and 50% growth of MRSA were suppressed with as little as 3 J/cm2 of 405 nm and 470 nm wavelengths, respectively. Moreover, 100% of the colonies were suppressed with a single exposure to 55 or 60 J/cm2 of 470 nm light or double treatment with 50, 55, or 60 J/cm2 of 405 nm wavelength. At 5 × 10(6) CFU/ml density, irradiating twice with 50, 55, or 60 J/cm2 of either wavelength suppressed bacterial growth completely, lower fluences did not. The denser 7 × 10(6) CFU/ml culture required higher doses to achieve 100% suppression, either one shot with 220 J/cm2 of 470 nm light or two shots of the same dose using 405 nm. CONCLUSION The bactericidal effect of blue light can be optimized to yield 100% bacterial growth suppression, but with relatively high fluences for dense bacterial cultures, such as 7 × 10(6) CFU/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violet V Bumah
- College of Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53211
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65
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Yin R, Agrawal T, Khan U, Gupta GK, Rai V, Huang YY, Hamblin MR. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation in nanomedicine: small light strides against bad bugs. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:2379-404. [PMID: 26305189 PMCID: PMC4557875 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The relentless advance of drug-resistance among pathogenic microbes, mandates a search for alternative approaches that will not cause resistance. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) involves the combination of nontoxic dyes with harmless visible light to produce reactive oxygen species that can selectively kill microbial cells. PDI can be broad-spectrum in nature and can also destroy microbial cells in biofilms. Many different kinds of nanoparticles have been studied to potentiate antimicrobial PDI by improving photosensitizer solubility, photochemistry, photophysics and targeting. This review will cover photocatalytic disinfection with titania nanoparticles, carbon nanomaterials (fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphene), liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles. Natural polymers (chitosan and cellulose), gold and silver plasmonic nanoparticles, mesoporous silica, magnetic and upconverting nanoparticles have all been used for PDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yin
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, BAR414, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tanupriya Agrawal
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, BAR414, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Usman Khan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, BAR414, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gaurav K Gupta
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, BAR414, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vikrant Rai
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Ying-Ying Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, BAR414, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, BAR414, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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66
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Percival SL, Suleman L, Francolini I, Donelli G. The effectiveness of photodynamic therapy on planktonic cells and biofilms and its role in wound healing. Future Microbiol 2014; 9:1083-94. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is the application of a photoactive dye followed by irradiation that leads to the death of microbial cells in the presence of oxygen. Its use for controlling biofilms has been documented in many areas, particularly oral care. However, the potential use of PDT in the treatment of chronic wound-associated microbial biofilms has sparked much interest in the field of wound care. The aim of this article is to provide an overview on the effectiveness of PDT on in vitro and in vivo biofilms, their potential application in both the prevention and management of wound biofilm infections and their prospective role in the enhancement of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Percival
- Surface Science Research Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool. UK
- Institute of Ageing & Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool. UK
| | - Louise Suleman
- Institute of Ageing & Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool. UK
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67
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Bürgermeister L, López FR, Schulz W. Physical and mathematical modeling of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:71411. [PMID: 24849516 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.7.071411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a promising method to treat local bacterial infections. The therapy is painless and does not cause bacterial resistances. However, there are gaps in understanding the dynamics of the processes, especially in periodontal treatment. This work describes the advances in fundamental physical and mathematical modeling of aPDT used for interpretation of experimental evidence. The result is a two-dimensional model of aPDT in a dental pocket phantom model. In this model, the propagation of laser light and the kinetics of the chemical reactions are described as coupled processes. The laser light induces the chemical processes depending on its intensity. As a consequence of the chemical processes, the local optical properties and distribution of laser light change as well as the reaction rates. The mathematical description of these coupled processes will help to develop treatment protocols and is the first step toward an inline feedback system for aPDT users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bürgermeister
- Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology, Steinbachstr. 15, Aachen D-52074, Germany
| | - Fernando Romero López
- Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology, Steinbachstr. 15, Aachen D-52074, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schulz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology, Steinbachstr. 15, Aachen D-52074, Germany
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68
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Hill EH, Pappas HC, Whitten DG. Activating the antimicrobial activity of an anionic singlet-oxygen sensitizer through surfactant complexation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:5052-5056. [PMID: 24786342 DOI: 10.1021/la501230m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cationic oligo-p-phenylene ethynylenes have shown much promise as broad-spectrum light-activated antimicrobial compounds against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The anionic varieties, however, have weak biocidal activity. In this study, a complex is formed between a weakly biocidal anionic oligomer and a cationic surfactant, and the effects on their biocidal activity against Gram-negative E. coli and Gram-positive S. aureus are explored. The enhancement in biocidal activity that is observed when the complex is irradiated suggests that interfacial surfactant gives the complex a net-positive charge, allowing it to associate strongly with the bacterial membrane. The results of this study demonstrate a method for the enhancement of biocidal activity of singlet-oxygen sensitizers and corroborate the use of surfactants as trans-membrane drug-delivery agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H Hill
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering and the Nanoscience and Microsystems Engineering Program, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-1341, United States
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69
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Betsy J, Prasanth CS, Baiju KV, Prasanthila J, Subhash N. Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the management of chronic periodontitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2014; 41:573-81. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Betsy
- Department of Periodontics; Government Dental College; Thiruvananthapuram India
| | - Chandra S. Prasanth
- Biophotonics Laboratory; Centre for Earth Science Studies; Thiruvananthapuram India
| | | | - Janam Prasanthila
- Department of Periodontics; Government Dental College; Thiruvananthapuram India
| | - Narayanan Subhash
- Biophotonics Laboratory; Centre for Earth Science Studies; Thiruvananthapuram India
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70
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Uliana MP, Pires L, Pratavieira S, Brocksom TJ, de Oliveira KT, Bagnato VS, Kurachi C. Photobiological characteristics of chlorophyll a derivatives as microbial PDT agents. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 13:1137-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c3pp50376c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chlorin-e6 (chl-e6) and a hydrogenated derivative (chl-e6H) were semi-synthesized, and their photophysical properties and photodynamic activity againstEscherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureusandCandida albicansevaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marciana P. Uliana
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos – Universidade de São Paulo
- São Carlos, Brazil
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos
- São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Layla Pires
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos – Universidade de São Paulo
- São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Cristina Kurachi
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos – Universidade de São Paulo
- São Carlos, Brazil
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71
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Fluorescence optimization of chlorophyll covalently bonded to mesoporous silica synthesized by the sol–gel method. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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72
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Dovigo LN, Carmello JC, Carvalho MT, Mima EG, Vergani CE, Bagnato VS, Pavarina AC. Photodynamic inactivation of clinical isolates of Candida using Photodithazine®. BIOFOULING 2013; 29:1057-1067. [PMID: 24025068 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2013.827668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the photodynamic inactivation (PDI) mediated by Photodithazine(®) (PDZ) against 15 clinical isolates of Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis. Each isolate, in planktonic and biofilm form, was exposed to PDI by assessing a range of PDZ concentrations and light emitting diode fluences. Cell survival of the planktonic suspensions was determined by colony forming units (CFU ml(-1)). The antifungal effects of PDI against biofilms were evaluated by CFU ml(-1) and metabolic assay. Data were analyzed by non-parametric tests (α = 0.05). Regardless of the species, PDI promoted a significant viability reduction of planktonic yeasts. The highest reduction in cell viability of the biofilms was equivalent to 0.9 log10 (CFU ml(-1)) for C. albicans, while 1.4 and 1.5 log10 reductions were obtained for C. tropicalis and C. glabrata, respectively. PDI reduced the metabolic activity of biofilms by 62.1, 76.0, and 76.9% for C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. glabrata, respectively. PDZ-mediated PDI promoted significant reduction in the viability of Candida isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Dovigo
- a Department of Social Dentistry , Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista , Araraquara , Brazil
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73
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Khlebtsov BN, Tuchina ES, Khanadeev VA, Panfilova EV, Petrov PO, Tuchin VV, Khlebtsov NG. Enhanced photoinactivation of Staphylococcus aureus with nanocomposites containing plasmonic particles and hematoporphyrin. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2013; 6:338-351. [PMID: 22736550 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We fabricated composite nanoparticles consisting of a plasmonic core (gold nanorods or gold-silver nanocages) and a hematoporphyrin-doped silica shell. The dual photodynamic and photothermal activities of such nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus 209 P were studied and compared with the activities of reference solutions (hematoporphyrin or silica-coated plasmonic nanoparticles). Bacteria were incubated with nanocomposites or with the reference solutions for 15 min, which was followed by CW light irradiation with a few exposures of 5 to 30 min. To stimulate the photodynamic and photothermal activities of the nanocomposites, we used LEDs (405 and 625 nm) and a NIR laser (808 nm), respectively. We observed enhanced inactivation of S. aureus 209 P by nanocomposites in comparison with the reference solutions. By using fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy, we explain the enhanced antimicrobial effect of hematoporphyrin-doped nanocomposites by their selective accumulation in the vicinity of the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris N Khlebtsov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Micro-organisms, RAS, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov 410049, Russia.
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74
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Morley S, Griffiths J, Philips G, Moseley H, O’Grady C, Mellish K, Lankester C, Faris B, Young R, Brown S, Rhodes L. Phase IIa randomized, placebo-controlled study of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in bacterially colonized, chronic leg ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers: a new approach to antimicrobial therapy. Br J Dermatol 2013; 168:617-24. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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75
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García-Sánchez MA, Rojas-González F, Menchaca-Campos EC, Tello-Solís SR, Quiroz-Segoviano RIY, Diaz-Alejo LA, Salas-Bañales E, Campero A. Crossed and linked histories of tetrapyrrolic macrocycles and their use for engineering pores within sol-gel matrices. Molecules 2013; 18:588-653. [PMID: 23292327 PMCID: PMC6270341 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18010588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The crossed and linked histories of tetrapyrrolic macrocycles, interwoven with new research discoveries, suggest that Nature has found in these structures a way to ensure the continuity of life. For diverse applications porphyrins or phthalocyanines must be trapped inside solid networks, but due to their nature, these compounds cannot be introduced by thermal diffusion; the sol-gel method makes possible this insertion through a soft chemical process. The methodologies for trapping or bonding macrocycles inside pristine or organo-modified silica or inside ZrO₂ xerogels were developed by using phthalocyanines and porphyrins as molecular probes. The sizes of the pores formed depend on the structure, the cation nature, and the identities and positions of peripheral substituents of the macrocycle. The interactions of the macrocyclic molecule and surface Si-OH groups inhibit the efficient displaying of the macrocycle properties and to avoid this undesirable event, strategies such as situating the macrocycle far from the pore walls or to exchange the Si-OH species by alkyl or aryl groups have been proposed. Spectroscopic properties are better preserved when long unions are established between the macrocycle and the pore walls, or when oligomeric macrocyclic species are trapped inside each pore. When macrocycles are trapped inside organo-modified silica, their properties result similar to those displayed in solution and their intensities depend on the length of the alkyl chain attached to the matrix. These results support the prospect of tuning up the pore size, surface area, and polarity inside the pore cavities in order to prepare efficient catalytic, optical, sensoring, and medical systems. The most important feature is that research would confirm again that tetrapyrrolic macrocycles can help in the development of the authentic pore engineering in materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A García-Sánchez
- Departamento de Quimica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Vicentina, D. F. 09340, Mexico.
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76
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Influence of blue light on Streptococcus mutans re-organization in biofilm. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2012; 116:75-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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77
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Banerjee I, Mehta K, Dordick J, Kane R. Light-activated porphyrin-based formulations to inactivate bacterial spores. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 113:1461-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05438.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Banerjee
- Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy; NY; USA
| | - K.K. Mehta
- Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy; NY; USA
| | | | - R.S. Kane
- Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy; NY; USA
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78
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Solov’eva AB, Aksenova NA, Glagolev NN, Melik-Nubarov NS, Ivanov AV, Volkov VI, Chernyak AV. Amphiphilic polymers in photodynamic therapy. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793112060061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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79
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Endarko E, Maclean M, Timoshkin IV, MacGregor SJ, Anderson JG. High-Intensity 405 nm Light Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 88:1280-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01173.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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80
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Hudson R, Boyle RW. Strategies for selective delivery of photodynamic sensitisers to biological targets. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424604000325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Strategies for increasing the affinity of photodynamic sensitisers for specific tissues, cells and organisms are reviewed. Biological outcomes are evaluated and therapeutic potential assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hudson
- Photobiology & Photomedicine Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, East Yorkshire HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Ross W. Boyle
- Photobiology & Photomedicine Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, East Yorkshire HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
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81
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Mora M, Sagristá ML. Preclinical photodynamic therapy in Spain 2: Liposome vectorization of photosensitizers; Different strategies, different outcomes. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842460900053x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is an emerging modality of cancer treatment based on the use of photosensitizing drugs, which accumulate selectively in tumor cells. Exposure to visible light induces local cytotoxic effects that lead selectively to tumor cell death in the irradiated region, thereby minimizing the risk and extension of unwanted secondary effects. One of the goals sought in the development of photodynamic therapy drugs is the selective targeting of tumor cells. As a general trend, the indiscriminate delivery of drugs is being increasingly substituted by the selective delivery to pathological tissues which can be achieved by embedding them into transporters that actively recognize differential factors of tumor cells and tissues as compared to healthy ones. Likewise, the chemical modification of the photosensitizers is a valid strategy to change the subcellular localization of the drug. The use of liposomes as transporters for targeted delivery of drugs has attracted particular attention during the last two decades. After a period characterized by the skepticism expressed by certain scientists in the field of drug delivery, interest in liposomes was rejuvenated by the introduction of fresh ideas from membrane biophysics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Mora
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, Annex Building, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Lluïsa Sagristá
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, Annex Building, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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82
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Banerjee I, Douaisi MP, Mondal D, Kane RS. Light-activated nanotube-porphyrin conjugates as effective antiviral agents. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:105101. [PMID: 22361811 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/10/105101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrins have been used for photodynamic therapy (PDT) against a wide range of targets like bacteria, viruses and tumor cells. In this work, we report porphyrin-conjugated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (NT-P) as potent antiviral agents. Specifically, we used Protoporphyrin IX (PPIX), which we attached to acid-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). We decided to use carbon nanotubes as scaffolds because of their ease of recovery from a solution through filtration. In the presence of visible light, NT-P was found to significantly reduce the ability of Influenza A virus to infect mammalian cells. NT-P may be used effectively against influenza viruses with little or no chance of them developing resistance to the treatment. Furthermore, NT-P can be easily recovered through filtration which offers a facile strategy to reuse the active porphyrin moiety to its fullest extent. Thus NT-P conjugates represent a new approach for preparing ex vivo reusable antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Banerjee
- Howard P Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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83
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Peplow PV, Chung TY, Baxter GD. Photodynamic Modulation of Wound Healing: A Review of Human and Animal Studies. Photomed Laser Surg 2012; 30:118-48. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2011.3142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philip V. Peplow
- Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Tzu-Yun Chung
- Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - G. David Baxter
- Centre for Physiotherapy Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, New Zealand
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84
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Sagir T, Gencer S, Kemikli N, Abasiyanik MF, Isik S, Ozturk R. Photodynamic activities of protoporphyrin IX and its dopamine conjugate against cancer and bacterial cell viability. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-011-9951-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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85
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Chen CP, Chen CT, Tsai T. Chitosan nanoparticles for antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation: characterization and in vitro investigation. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 88:570-6. [PMID: 22283820 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The growing resistance to antibiotics has rendered antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (PDI) an attractive alternative treatment modality for infectious diseases. Chitosan (CS) was shown to further potentiate the PDI effect of photosensitizers and was therefore used in this study to investigate its ability to potentiate the activity of erythrosine (ER) against bacteria and yeast. CS nanoparticles loaded with ER were prepared by ionic gelation method and tested for their PDI efficacy on planktonic cells and biofilms of Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. The nanoparticles were characterized for their size, polydispersity index and zeta potential. No toxicity was observed when planktonic cells and biofilms were treated with the nanoparticles in the dark. However, when the cells were exposed to light irradiation after treatment with free ER or ER/CS nanoparticles, a significant phototoxicity was observed. The antimicrobial activity of ER/CS nanoparticles was significantly higher than ER in free form. The particle size and incubation time of the nanoparticles also appeared to be important factors affecting their PDI activity against S. mutans and C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chueh-Pin Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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86
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Sengee GI, Badraa N, Shim YK. Synthesis and photodynamic activity of new imidazole substituted pyropheophorbide-a derivatives. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424609001017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two new imidazole substituted chlorin derivatives, namely (4-[1-imidazolyl]-phenyl)-amide pyropheophorbide-a and (3-[1-imidazolyl]-propyl)-amide pyropheophorbide-a have been synthesized. Their cell viabilities on A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells were investigated and compared with that of pyropheophorbide-a. According to the phototoxicity study, (4-[1-imidazolyl]-phenyl)-amide pyropheophorbide-a and (3-[1-imidazolyl]-propyl)-amide pyropheophorbide-a were found superior to pyropheophorbide-a with respect to high phototoxicity. This work demonstrates that imidazole substituted chlorin derivatives could be a promising candidate for photodynamic therapy and are worth further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerelt-Ireedui Sengee
- PDT Research Institute, School of Nano Systems Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 621-749, South Korea
| | - Narangerel Badraa
- PDT Research Institute, School of Nano Systems Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 621-749, South Korea
| | - Young Key Shim
- PDT Research Institute, School of Nano Systems Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 621-749, South Korea
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87
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Ringot C, Saad N, Granet R, Bressollier P, Sol V, Krausz P. Meso-functionalized aminoporphyrins as efficient agents for photo-antibacterial surfaces. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424610002719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Anionic, neutral and cationic amino porphyrins were synthesized as precursors of photodynamic antimicrobial agents with an aim to functionalize cotton surface through 1,3,5-triazine link. Structures of porphyrin-triazine derivatives were characterized by 1H NMR, MS and UV-vis confirming the feasibility of this novel concept. Porphyrinic cotton fabrics have been developed from these derivatives, and tested in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus. These novel photodynamic surfaces showed strong and varied antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Ringot
- Université de Limoges, Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, EA 1069, 123 avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - Naima Saad
- Université de Limoges, Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, EA 1069, 123 avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - Robert Granet
- Université de Limoges, Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, EA 1069, 123 avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - Philippe Bressollier
- Université de Limoges, Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, EA 1069, 123 avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - Vincent Sol
- Université de Limoges, Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, EA 1069, 123 avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - Pierre Krausz
- Université de Limoges, Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, EA 1069, 123 avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
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88
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Makarov DA, Yuzhakova OA, Slivka LK, Kuznetsova NA, Negrimovsky VM, Kaliya OL, Lukyanets EA. Cationic Zn and Al phthalocyanines: synthesis, spectroscopy and photosensitizing properties. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424607000680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Several Zn (II) and Al (III) phthalocyanines bearing eight or sixteen positive charges on substituents of different structure have been prepared. Synthesized polycationic phthalocyanines have been studied in aqueous and alcoholic media by UV-vis spectroscopy and tested for their efficacy in singlet oxygen photosensitization. It has been found that a minor structural modification at the periphery of the photosensitizer allows control over its key features such as singlet oxygen generation due to specific intermolecular interactions in solution. The efficacy of polycationic phthalocyanines to sensitize tryptophan photobleaching in aqueous media and inactivation of bacteria in sewage water is also structure-dependent. Among the complexes studied, two dyes - zinc octakis(pyridiniomethyl)- and octakis[ N -(2-hydroxyethyl)- N , N -dimethylammoniomethyl]substituted phthalocyanines - are the best sensitizers and have high potential for photodynamic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A. Makarov
- Organic Intermediates and Dyes Institute, B. Sadovaya str. ¼, Moscow, 123995, Russia
| | - Olga A. Yuzhakova
- Organic Intermediates and Dyes Institute, B. Sadovaya str. ¼, Moscow, 123995, Russia
| | - Ludmila K. Slivka
- Organic Intermediates and Dyes Institute, B. Sadovaya str. ¼, Moscow, 123995, Russia
| | - Nina A. Kuznetsova
- Organic Intermediates and Dyes Institute, B. Sadovaya str. ¼, Moscow, 123995, Russia
| | | | - Oleg L. Kaliya
- Organic Intermediates and Dyes Institute, B. Sadovaya str. ¼, Moscow, 123995, Russia
| | - Evgeny A. Lukyanets
- Organic Intermediates and Dyes Institute, B. Sadovaya str. ¼, Moscow, 123995, Russia
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89
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Oriel S, Nitzan Y. Mechanistic aspects of photoinactivation of Candida albicans by exogenous porphyrins. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 88:604-12. [PMID: 22220682 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01082.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of photoinactivation of Candida albicans by 3.5 μM uncharged, cationic or anionic porphyrins under blue light (407-420 nm) was found to be dependent on the uptake of porphyrins into yeast cells, and was also dependent on the presence or absence of proteins in the photosensitization medium. In a very protein-rich medium, a decrease in viability was observed only with the uncharged porphyrin. Photoinactivation by uncharged or cationic porphyrins in a protein-poorer medium resulted in total eradication, whereas no significant decrease was observed with the anionic porphyrin. Phototreatment in PBS resulted in eradication with all three porphyrins. X-ray microanalysis after phototreatment by the uncharged or cationic porphyrins in the protein-poor medium exhibited ion loss, indicating cell-membrane damage. Transmission electron microscopy indicated cellular and chromosomal damage. No ion loss or cell damage was observed in this medium with the anionic porphyrin. The efficiency of photoeradication of C. albicans is dependent on porphyrin uptake, which might lead (upon illumination) to processes that facilitate the formation of reactive oxygen species that damage the cells. Uptake of charged porphyrins is dependent on protein quantity and quality in the photosensitization microenvironment. This fact must be taken into account when using charged photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Oriel
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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90
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Bordbar AK, Dezhampanah H, Asadi M, Safaei E, Sohrabi N, Khodadost Y. Thermodynamics investigation of a series of metalloporphyrazine-bovine serum albumin complexes. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424607000655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The equilibrium binding of the tetra-cationic complexes ( N , N ′, N ″, N ‴-tetra-methyltetra-2,3-pyridinoporphyrazinato)copper(II), ([ Cu (2,3- TMTPPA )]4+), ( N , N ′, N ″, N ‴-tetra-methyltetra-3,4-pyridinoporphyrazinato)copper(II), ([ Cu (3,4- TMTPPA )]4+), (( N , N ′, N ″, N ‴-tetra-methyltetra-3,4-pyridinoporphyrazinato)cobalt(II), ([ Co (3,4- TMTPPA )]4+) and (( N , N ′, N ″, N ‴-tetra-methyltetra-3,4-pyridinoporphyrazinato)zinc(II), ([ Zn (3,4- TMTPPA )]4+) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been studied in phosphate buffer pH = 7.0 and at various temperatures using multi-spectroscopy techniques. The results of resonance light scattering (RLS) studies represent no aggregate formation of porphyrazine in the surface of BSA and low tendency of these porphyrazine for aggregate formation. The binding constants and binding stoichiometries were determined by analyzing of optical absorption spectra of porphyrazine complexes at various concentration of BSA using SQUAD software. The results show that the best fitting corresponds to a 1:1 complex model between BSA and porphyrazines. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated by van't Hoff equation at various temperatures. The data indicate that the process is entropy driven suggesting that hydrophobic interactions play a considerable role in the complex formation. The binding of porphyrazine complexes to BSA quenches fluorescence emission of BSA via a dynamic mechanism and the quenching process obeys a linear Stern-Volmer relationship. The average aggregation number of BSA, which has been calculated from the analysis of fluorescence quenching data, indicates the absence of any porphyrazine induced aggregation of BSA due to its interaction with porphyrazine complexes. Fluorescence studies also indicate that porphyrazine is bound to site I of BSA placed in sub-domain IIA, where tryptophan 214 is located.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Khalegh Bordbar
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jereeb Street, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Hamid Dezhampanah
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jereeb Street, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Mozaffar Asadi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shiraz University, 71454, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elham Safaei
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shiraz University, 71454, Shiraz, Iran
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Gava Zang, P.O. Box: 45195-159, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Sohrabi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Yazd, Yazd, Iran
| | - Yadollah Khodadost
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jereeb Street, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran
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91
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Jiang G, Lei W, Hou Y, Wang X. Photodynamic inactivation of Escherichia coli by porphyrin cytochrome c. NEW J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2nj40615b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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92
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Rolim JPML, de-Melo MAS, Guedes SF, Albuquerque-Filho FB, de Souza JR, Nogueira NAP, Zanin ICJ, Rodrigues LKA. The antimicrobial activity of photodynamic therapy against Streptococcus mutans using different photosensitizers. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2011; 106:40-6. [PMID: 22070899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 09/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Several photosensitizers have been used against oral bacteria without standardization. Singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) is an aggressive chemical species that can kill cells through apoptosis or necrosis. OBJECTIVE to compare the antimicrobial activity of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with different photosensitizers at the same concentration against Streptococcus mutans. In addition, the (1)O(2) production of each photosensitizer was determined. The photosensitizers (163.5 μM) methylene blue (MB), toluidine blue ortho (TBO) and malachite green (MG) were activated with a light-emitting diode (LED; λ=636 nm), while eosin (EOS), erythrosine (ERI) and rose bengal (RB) were irradiated with a curing light (λ=570 nm). Light sources were operated at 24 J cm(-2). For each photosensitizer, 40 randomized assays (n=10 per condition) were performed under one of the following experimental conditions: no light irradiation or photosensitizer, irradiation only, photosensitizer only or irradiation in the presence of a photosensitizer. After treatment, serial dilutions of S. mutans were seeded onto brain heart infusion agar to determine viability in colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU mL(-1)). Generation of (1)O(2) was analyzed by tryptophan photooxidation, and the decay constant was estimated. Results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and the Tukey-Kramer test (p<0.05). PDT with irradiation in the presence of the photosensitizers TBO and MG was effective in reducing S. mutans counts by 3 and 1.4 logs, respectively (p<0.01), compared to their respective untreated controls. MB generated 1.3 times more (1)O(2) than TBO, and both produced significantly higher concentrations of singlet oxygen than the other photosensitizers. Since in vitro bulk (1)O(2) production does not indicate that (1)O(2) was generated in the bacterial activity site, the bactericidal action against S. mutans cannot be related to in vitro singlet O(2) generation rate. In vitroS. mutans-experiments demonstrated TBO as the only photosensitizer that effectively reduced 99.9% of these microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana P M L Rolim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Department of Operative Dentistry, Rua Cap. Francisco Pedro, S/N, Rodolfo Teófilo, 60430-170 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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93
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Huang L, Zhiyentayev T, Xuan Y, Azhibek D, Kharkwal GB, Hamblin MR. Photodynamic inactivation of bacteria using polyethylenimine-chlorin(e6) conjugates: Effect of polymer molecular weight, substitution ratio of chlorin(e6) and pH. Lasers Surg Med 2011; 43:313-23. [PMID: 21500226 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.21056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) is a novel technique to treat local infections. Previously we reported that the attachment of chlorin(e6) to polyethylenimine (PEI) polymers to form PEI-ce6 conjugates is an effective way to improve ce6 PDT activity against bacteria. The aim of this work was to explore how the polymer molecular weight, substitution ratio (SR) of ce6 and pH value affect the PDT efficacy. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS We have synthesized PEI-ce6(10) (MW = 60,000, SR = 1) and PEI-ce6(11) (MW = 60,000, SR = 5) and compared these with the previous PEI-ce6(9) (MW = 10,000, SR = 1). We tested the PDT efficacy of these three conjugates against Gram-negative E. coli and Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus and E. fecalis) at three different pH values (5.0, 7.4, 10.0) that may affect the charge on both the bacterial cells and on the conjugate (that has both basic and acidic groups). RESULTS PEI-ce6(9) and PEI-ce6(10) were the most effective against these tested bacteria. The PDT effect of all three conjugates depended on pH values. The effective order was pH = 10.0 > pH = 7.4 > pH = 5.0 on E. coli. For S. aureus and E. fecalis the order was pH = 5.0 > pH = 10.0 > pH = 7.4. PEI-ce6(11) PDT activity was worse than PEI-ce6(10) activity which is probably connected to the fact that ce6 molecules are self-quenched within the PEI-ce6(11) molecule. Ce6 quenching within the PEI-ce6 molecules was proved by analyzing fluorescence spectra of PEI-ce6 conjugates at different pH values. There were no differences in bacterial uptake between different pH values in three PEI-ce6 conjugates. CONCLUSION We assume high pH (rather than low pH as was hypothesized) disaggregates the conjugates, so the higher pH was more effective than the lower pH against E. coli. But for Gram-positive bacteria, low pH was more effective possibly due to more overall positive charge on the conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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94
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Clinical and microbiological effects of photodynamic therapy associated with nonsurgical periodontal treatment. A 6-month follow-up. Lasers Med Sci 2011; 27:687-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-011-0942-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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95
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Burda WN, Fields KB, Gill JB, Burt R, Shepherd M, Zhang XP, Shaw LN. Neutral metallated and meso-substituted porphyrins as antimicrobial agents against gram-positive pathogens. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 31:327-35. [PMID: 21667268 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-011-1314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterial pathogen that causes severe infections among humans. The increasing emergence of antibiotic resistance necessitates the development of new strategies to combat the spread of disease. One approach is photodynamic inactivation using porphyrin photosensitizers, which generate superoxide and other radicals in the presence of light, causing cell death via the oxidation of proteins and lipids. In this study, we analyzed a novel library of meso-substituted and metallated porphyrins for activity against multidrug-resistant S. aureus. From a library of 251 compounds, 51 showed antimicrobial activity, in three discrete classes of activity: those that functioned only in light, those that had toxicity only in darkness, and those that displayed activity regardless of illumination. We further demonstrated the broad-spectrum activity of these compounds against a variety of pathogens, including Bacillus anthracis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) analyses of lead compounds (XPZ-263 and XPZ-271) revealed strong activity and killing towards methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains. An analysis of mutation frequencies revealed low incidences of resistance to lead compounds by E. coli and MRSA. Finally, an exploration of the underlying mechanism of action suggests that these compounds do not depend solely upon light-induced radical generation for toxicity, highlighting their potential for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- W N Burda
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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96
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Bottura P, Milanezi J, Fernandes L, Caldas H, Abbud-Filho M, Garcia V, Baptista M. Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy Combined with Laser and Photodynamic Therapies for Periodontal Disease in Immunosuppressed Rats. Transplant Proc 2011; 43:2009-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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97
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Gerola AP, Santana A, França PB, Tsubone TM, de Oliveira HPM, Caetano W, Kimura E, Hioka N. Effects of metal and the phytyl chain on chlorophyll derivatives: physicochemical evaluation for photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms. Photochem Photobiol 2011; 87:884-94. [PMID: 21501173 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00935.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chlorophyll compounds and their derivatives containing metal or phytyl chain can be used as photosensitizer in photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms (PDI). So, the physicochemical properties and antimicrobial effect of chlorophyll derivatives were investigated: Mg-chlorophyll (Mg-Chl), Zn-chlorophyll (Zn-Chl), Zn-chlorophyllide (Zn-Chlde), Cu-chlorophyll (Cu-Chl), pheophytin (Pheo) and pheophorbide (Pheid). The photobleaching experiments showed photostability according to Cu-Chl > Pheo ∼ Pheid ≫ Zn-Chl ∼ Zn-Chlde > Mg-Chl. This order was discussed in terms of metal and the phytyl chain presences. Pheid and Zn-Chl in aqueous Tween 80 solution exhibited highest singlet oxygen yield compared with the other derivatives. Chlorophyll derivatives (CD) with phytyl chain was limited by the self-aggregation phenomenon at high concentrations, even in micellar systems (Tween 80 and P-123). The antimicrobial effect of CD derivatives was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Artemia salina. Pheid showed the best results against all organisms tested, Zn-Chlde was an excellent bactericide in the dark and Cu-Chl had no PDI effect. No correlation with CD uptake by microorganisms and darkness cytotoxicity was found. The physicochemical properties allied to bioassays results indicate that Mg-Chl, Pheo, Zn-Chl and Pheid are good candidates for PDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana P Gerola
- Chemistry Department, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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98
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Tang Y, Corbitt TS, Parthasarathy A, Zhou Z, Schanze KS, Whitten DG. Light-induced antibacterial activity of symmetrical and asymmetrical oligophenylene ethynylenes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:4956-4962. [PMID: 21405044 DOI: 10.1021/la105018g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The light-induced antibacterial activity of symmetric and asymmetric oligophenylene ethynylenes (OPEs) was investigated against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. To understand the light-induced biocidal effect better, the transient absorption and triplet lifetime of OPEs were studied in methanol and water. A higher triplet lifetime was observed for OPE samples in water than in methanol. The magnitudes of the changes in optical density (ΔOD) of the S-OPE-n(H) series of symmetric oligomers are much higher than that of the asymmetric OPE-n series in water and are generally correlated with the singlet oxygen yield. It was found that the antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria is size-, concentration-, and time-dependent. The light-induced antibacterial activity may result from the coordinated interactions of membrane disruption and interfacial or intracellular singlet oxygen generation, and the dominant factor is most likely the latter. The results obtained in this study will aid in the design of more efficient biocides in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Tang
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, 1 University of New Mexico, MSC01 1141, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, USA
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99
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Roehm CE, Valdez TA, Parham K. Preliminary findings on the effects of topical photoactivated antimicrobial methyl-δ-aminolevulinic acid on murine hearing thresholds. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2011; 144:959-61. [PMID: 21493320 DOI: 10.1177/0194599811399850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the ototoxicity of a potential novel ototopical antimicrobial, photoactivated methyl-δ-aminolevulinic acid (M-ALA). Ten CBA/J mice received intratympanic injections of 10 mM M-ALA and 640 nm light source illumination for 7 days, with contralateral ears receiving saline. Auditory-evoked brainstem response (ABR) thresholds (8, 16, 24, and 32 kHz) were determined preinjection and at 1, 30, and 90 days postinjection. Mean ABR thresholds were similar after intratympanic administration of M-ALA and saline (F ratio, 0.001; P = .971). ABR thresholds temporarily increased in both groups (F ratio, 28.52; P = .00) at day 1 postinjection of intratympanic treatments but returned to baseline at day 30 and 90. This temporary elevation was associated with tympanic membrane perforations and granulation tissue at the injection sites, which resolved by day 30 posttreatment. The preliminary findings indicate that intratympanic application of M-ALA with light activation over a 7-day course in a murine model does not produce measurable ototoxicity and is well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrie E Roehm
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-6228, USA.
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100
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Fekrazad R, Bargrizan M, Sajadi S, Sajadi S. Evaluation of the effect of photoactivated disinfection with Radachlorin(®) against Streptococcus mutans (an in vitro study). Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2011; 8:249-53. [PMID: 21864798 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2011.03.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of photoactivated disinfection has had a significant medical and technological effect in bacterial inactivation, as an alternative to conventional antimicrobial methods. The main goal of this study was to investigate the effect of photoactivated disinfection on Streptococcus mutans, when Radachlorin(®) was used as a photosensitizer. METHODS Streptococcus mutans samples of two different initial concentrations were treated with Radachlorin(®) gel (0.1%), irradiated by the light of a He-Ne laser (633nm), with energy density of 6J/cm(2), and cell viability was evaluated after culturing. RESULTS It was observed that the combination of Radachlorin(®) and laser was more effective than Radachlorin(®) or laser alone (p<0.05), in reduction of S. mutans and Radachlorin(®) was cytotoxic, in the dark, only for the lower concentration of bacteria. Lower concentration of S. mutans resulted in higher amount of killing, in the case of using Radachlorin(®) with or without laser. CONCLUSIONS The photoactivation of Radachlorin(®) using a He-Ne laser could inactivate S. mutans to a significant level. In addition Radachlorin(®) might be cytotoxic in the dark, for the lower concentration of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Fekrazad
- Department of Dentistry, AJA University of Medical Sciences - Laser Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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