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The intersect of genetics, environment, and microbiota in asthma-perspectives and challenges. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:781-793. [PMID: 33678251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In asthma, a significant portion of the interaction between genetics and environment occurs through microbiota. The proposed mechanisms behind this interaction are complex and at times contradictory. This review covers recent developments in our understanding of this interaction: the "microbial hypothesis" and the "farm effect"; the role of endotoxin and genetic variation in pattern recognition systems; the interaction with allergen exposure; the additional involvement of host gut and airway microbiota; the role of viral respiratory infections in interaction with the 17q21 and CDHR3 genetic loci; and the importance of in utero and early-life timing of exposures. We propose a unified framework for understanding how all these phenomena interact to drive asthma pathogenesis. Finally, we point out some future challenges for continued research in this field, in particular the need for multiomic integration, as well as the potential utility of asthma endotyping.
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52
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Li J, Ullah MA, Jin H, Liang Y, Lin L, Wang J, Peng X, Liao H, Li Y, Ge Y, Li L. ORMDL3 Functions as a Negative Regulator of Antigen-Mediated Mast Cell Activation via an ATF6-UPR-Autophagy-Dependent Pathway. Front Immunol 2021; 12:604974. [PMID: 33679742 PMCID: PMC7933793 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.604974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen (Ag)-mediated mast cell activation plays a critical role in the immunopathology of IgE-dependent allergic diseases. Restraining the signaling cascade that regulates the release of mast cell-derived inflammatory mediators is an attractive therapeutic strategy to treat allergic diseases. Orosomucoid-like-3 (ORMDL3) regulates the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy. Although ERS/UPR/autophagy pathway is crucial in Ag-induced mast cell activation, it is unknown whether ORMDL3 regulates the ERS/UPR/autophagy pathway during mast cell activation. In this study, we found that ORMDL3 expression was downregulated in Ag-activated MC/9 cells. Overexpression of ORMDL3 significantly inhibited degranulation, and cytokine/chemokine production, while the opposite effect was observed with ORMDL3 knockdown in MC/9 cells. Importantly, ORMDL3 overexpression upregulated mediators of ERS-UPR (SERCA2b, ATF6) and autophagy (Beclin 1 and LC3BII). Knockdown of ATF6 and/or inhibition of autophagy reversed the decreased degranulation and cytokine/chemokine expression caused by ORMDL3 overexpression. Moreover, in vivo knockdown of ORMDL3 and/or ATF6 enhanced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reactions in mouse ears. These data indicate that ORMDL3 suppresses Ag-mediated mast cell activation via an ATF6 UPR-autophagy dependent pathway and thus, attenuates anaphylactic reaction. This highlights a potential mechanism to intervene in mast cell mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Md Ashik Ullah
- Respiratory Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hongping Jin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yuting Liang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lihui Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanjin Liao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanning Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqin Ge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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53
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Chong WC, Shastri MD, Peterson GM, Patel RP, Pathinayake PS, Dua K, Hansbro NG, Hsu AC, Wark PA, Shukla SD, Johansen MD, Schroder K, Hansbro PM. The complex interplay between endoplasmic reticulum stress and the NLRP3 inflammasome: a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory disorders. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1247. [PMID: 33614031 PMCID: PMC7878118 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the result of a complex network of cellular and molecular interactions and mechanisms that facilitate immune protection against intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, particularly pathogens, to maintain homeostasis and promote tissue healing. However, dysregulation in the immune system elicits excess/abnormal inflammation resulting in unintended tissue damage and causes major inflammatory diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases, sarcoidosis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is now widely accepted that both endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammasomes play critical roles in activating inflammatory signalling cascades. Notably, evidence is mounting for the involvement of ER stress in exacerbating inflammasome-induced inflammatory cascades, which may provide a new axis for therapeutic targeting in a range of inflammatory disorders. Here, we comprehensively review the roles, mechanisms and interactions of both ER stress and inflammasomes, as well as their interconnected relationships in inflammatory signalling cascades. We also discuss novel therapeutic strategies that are being developed to treat ER stress- and inflammasome-related inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Chin Chong
- Department of Molecular and Translational ScienceMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
- Centre for Cancer ResearchHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Madhur D Shastri
- School of Pharmacy and PharmacologyUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTASAustralia
| | - Gregory M Peterson
- School of Pharmacy and PharmacologyUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTASAustralia
| | - Rahul P Patel
- School of Pharmacy and PharmacologyUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTASAustralia
| | - Prabuddha S Pathinayake
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy LungsHunter Medical Research InstituteThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNSWAustralia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of PharmacyGraduate School of HealthUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNSWAustralia
| | - Nicole G Hansbro
- Centre for InflammationCentenary InstituteFaculty of ScienceSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of TechnologySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Alan C Hsu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy LungsHunter Medical Research InstituteThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNSWAustralia
| | - Peter A Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy LungsHunter Medical Research InstituteThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNSWAustralia
| | - Shakti Dhar Shukla
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy LungsHunter Medical Research InstituteThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNSWAustralia
| | - Matt D Johansen
- Centre for InflammationCentenary InstituteFaculty of ScienceSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of TechnologySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Kate Schroder
- Institute for Molecular BioscienceUniversity of QueenslandSt LuciaQLDAustralia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy LungsHunter Medical Research InstituteThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNSWAustralia
- Centre for InflammationCentenary InstituteFaculty of ScienceSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of TechnologySydneyNSWAustralia
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54
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Wang M, Chen X, Zhang Y. Biological Functions of Gasdermins in Cancer: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Potential. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:638710. [PMID: 33634141 PMCID: PMC7901903 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.638710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a type of lytic programmed cell death triggered by various inflammasomes that sense danger signals. Pyroptosis has recently attracted great attention owing to its contributory role in cancer. Pyroptosis plays an important role in cancer progression by inducing cancer cell death or eliciting anticancer immunity. The participation of gasdermins (GSDMs) in pyroptosis is a noteworthy recent discovery. GSDMs have emerged as a group of pore-forming proteins that serve important roles in innate immunity and are composed of GSDMA-E and Pejvakin (PJVK) in human. The N-terminal domains of GSDMs, expect PJVK, can form pores on the cell membrane and function as effector proteins of pyroptosis. Remarkably, it has been found that GSDMs are abnormally expressed in several forms of cancers. Moreover, GSDMs are involved in cancer cell growth, invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance. Additionally, increasing evidence has indicated an association between GSDMs and clinicopathological features in cancer patients. These findings suggest the feasibility of using GSDMs as prospective biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, therapeutic intervention and prognosis. Here, we review the progress in unveiling the characteristics and biological functions of GSDMs. We also focus on the implication and molecular mechanisms of GSDMs in cancer pathogenesis. Investigating the relationship between GSDMs and cancer biology could assist us to explore new therapeutic avenues for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinzhe Chen
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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55
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Pet ownership in pregnancy and methylation pattern in cord blood. Genes Immun 2021; 22:305-312. [PMID: 34642452 PMCID: PMC8506094 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-021-00151-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Having pets in the house during the first years of life has been shown to protect against allergies. However, the result of different studies is heterogeneous. The aim of this study was to evaluate the methylation pattern in cord blood in relation to pet ownership during pregnancy.We investigated the methylation patterns of 96 cord blood samples, participants of the Epigenetic Hallmark of Maternal Atopy and Diet-ELMA project, born to mothers who either owned pets (n = 32) or did not own pets (n = 64) during their pregnancy. DNA from cord blood was analysed using the Infinium methylation EPIC. For statistical analysis, RnBeads software was applied.We found 113 differentially methylated sites (DMs) in the covariate-adjusted analysis (FDR p < 0.05), with small methylation differences. The top DMs were associated with genes: UBA7, THRAP3, GTDC1, PDE8A and SBK2. In the regional analysis, two promoter regions presented with significance: RN7SL621P and RNU6-211P. Cis-regulatory element analysis revealed significant associations with several immune-related pathways, such as regulation of IL18, Toll signalling, IL6 and complement.We conclude that pet exposure during pregnancy causes subtle but significant changes in methylation patterns in cord blood, which are reflected in the biological processes governing both innate and adaptive immune responses.
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56
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Li J, Chen L, Zhou C, Bai Y, Zhao R, Zhang J, Xu X, Ge X, Qiu Y. Insight to Pyroptosis in Viral Infectious Diseases. Health (London) 2021. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2021.135043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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57
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Competing Endogenous RNA Networks as Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249582. [PMID: 33339180 PMCID: PMC7765627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation is classically considered the main cause of neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). However, increasing evidence suggests that alteration of RNA metabolism is a key factor in the etiopathogenesis of these complex disorders. Non-coding RNAs are the major contributor to the human transcriptome and are particularly abundant in the central nervous system, where they have been proposed to be involved in the onset and development of NDDs. Interestingly, some ncRNAs (such as lncRNAs, circRNAs and pseudogenes) share a common functionality in their ability to regulate gene expression by modulating miRNAs in a phenomenon known as the competing endogenous RNA mechanism. Moreover, ncRNAs are found in body fluids where their presence and concentration could serve as potential non-invasive biomarkers of NDDs. In this review, we summarize the ceRNA networks described in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinocerebellar ataxia type 7, and discuss their potential as biomarkers of these NDDs. Although numerous studies have been carried out, further research is needed to validate these complex interactions between RNAs and the alterations in RNA editing that could provide specific ceRNET profiles for neurodegenerative disorders, paving the way to a better understanding of these diseases.
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58
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Heras AF, Veerappan A, Silver RB, Emala CW, Worgall TS, Perez-Zoghbi J, Worgall S. Increasing Sphingolipid Synthesis Alleviates Airway Hyperreactivity. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 63:690-698. [PMID: 32706610 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0194oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired sphingolipid synthesis is linked genetically to childhood asthma and functionally to airway hyperreactivity (AHR). The objective was to investigate whether sphingolipid synthesis could be a target for asthma therapeutics. The effects of GlyH-101 and fenretinide via modulation of de novo sphingolipid synthesis on AHR was evaluated in mice deficient in SPT (serine palmitoyl-CoA transferase), the rate-limiting enzyme of sphingolipid synthesis. The drugs were also used directly in human airway smooth-muscle and epithelial cells to evaluate changes in de novo sphingolipid metabolites and calcium release. GlyH-101 and fenretinide increased sphinganine and dihydroceramides (de novo sphingolipid metabolites) in lung epithelial and airway smooth-muscle cells, decreased the intracellular calcium concentration in airway smooth-muscle cells, and decreased agonist-induced contraction in proximal and peripheral airways. GlyH-101 also decreased AHR in SPT-deficient mice in vivo. This study identifies the manipulation of sphingolipid synthesis as a novel metabolic therapeutic strategy to alleviate AHR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tilla S Worgall
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Stefan Worgall
- Department of Pediatrics.,Department of Genetic Medicine, and.,Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; and
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59
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Laulajainen‐Hongisto A, Lyly A, Hanif T, Dhaygude K, Kankainen M, Renkonen R, Donner K, Mattila P, Jartti T, Bousquet J, Kauppi P, Toppila‐Salmi S. Genomics of asthma, allergy and chronic rhinosinusitis: novel concepts and relevance in airway mucosa. Clin Transl Allergy 2020; 10:45. [PMID: 33133517 PMCID: PMC7592594 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-020-00347-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome wide association studies (GWASs) have revealed several airway disease-associated risk loci. Their role in the onset of asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR) or chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), however, is not yet fully understood. The aim of this review is to evaluate the airway relevance of loci and genes identified in GWAS studies. GWASs were searched from databases, and a list of loci associating significantly (p < 10-8) with asthma, AR and CRS was created. This yielded a total of 267 significantly asthma/AR-associated loci from 31 GWASs. No significant CRS -associated loci were found in this search. A total of 170 protein coding genes were connected to these loci. Of these, 76/170 (44%) showed bronchial epithelial protein expression in stained microscopic figures of Human Protein Atlas (HPA), and 61/170 (36%) had a literature report of having airway epithelial function. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation analyses were performed, and 19 functional protein categories were found as significantly (p < 0.05) enriched among these genes. These were related to cytokine production, cell activation and adaptive immune response, and all were strongly connected in network analysis. We also identified 15 protein pathways that were significantly (p < 0.05) enriched in these genes, related to T-helper cell differentiation, virus infection, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and asthma. A third of GWAS-level risk loci genes of asthma or AR seemed to have airway epithelial functions according to our database and literature searches. In addition, many of the risk loci genes were immunity related. Some risk loci genes also related to metabolism, neuro-musculoskeletal or other functions. Functions overlapped and formed a strong network in our pathway analyses and are worth future studies of biomarker and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Laulajainen‐Hongisto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalP.O.Box 263Kasarmikatu 11‐1300029 HUSHelsinkiFinland
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular ImmunologyInstitute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Annina Lyly
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalP.O.Box 263Kasarmikatu 11‐1300029 HUSHelsinkiFinland
- Skin and Allergy HospitalUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | | | | | - Matti Kankainen
- HUS Diagnostic CenterHelsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Hematology Research Unit HelsinkiDepartment of HematologyHelsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer CenterHelsinkiFinland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Risto Renkonen
- Haartman InstituteUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- HUS Diagnostic CenterHelsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Kati Donner
- Hematology Research Unit HelsinkiDepartment of HematologyHelsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer CenterHelsinkiFinland
| | - Pirkko Mattila
- Haartman InstituteUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Hematology Research Unit HelsinkiDepartment of HematologyHelsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer CenterHelsinkiFinland
| | - Tuomas Jartti
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Université MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- MACVIA‐FranceMontpellierFrance
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt‐Universität Zu BerlinBerlin Institute of HealthComprehensive Allergy CenterDepartment of Dermatology and AllergyCharité–Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Paula Kauppi
- Skin and Allergy HospitalUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Sanna Toppila‐Salmi
- Skin and Allergy HospitalUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Haartman InstituteUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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60
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Liu Y, Bochkov YA, Eickhoff JC, Hu T, Zumwalde NA, Tan JW, Lopez C, Fichtinger PS, Reddy TR, Overmyer KA, Gumperz JE, Coon J, Mathur SK, Gern JE, Smith JA. Orosomucoid-like 3 Supports Rhinovirus Replication in Human Epithelial Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:783-792. [PMID: 32078788 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0237oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphism at the 17q21 gene locus and wheezing responses to rhinovirus (RV) early in childhood conspire to increase the risk of developing asthma. However, the mechanisms mediating this gene-environment interaction remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the impact of one of the 17q21-encoded genes, ORMDL3 (orosomucoid-like 3), on RV replication in human epithelial cells. ORMDL3 knockdown inhibited RV-A16 replication in HeLa, BEAS-2B, A549, and NCI-H358 epithelial cell lines and primary nasal and bronchial epithelial cells. Inhibition varied by RV species, as both minor and major group RV-A subtypes RV-B52 and RV-C2 were inhibited but not RV-C15 or RV-C41. ORMDL3 siRNA did not affect expression of the major group RV-A receptor ICAM-1 or initial internalization of RV-A16. The two major outcomes of ORMDL3 activity, SPT (serine palmitoyl-CoA transferase) inhibition and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induction, were further examined: silencing ORMDL3 decreased RV-induced ER stress and IFN-β mRNA expression. However, pharmacologic induction of ER stress and concomitant increased IFN-β inhibited RV-A16 replication. Conversely, blockade of ER stress with tauroursodeoxycholic acid augmented replication, pointing to an alternative mechanism for the effect of ORMDL3 knockdown on RV replication. In comparison, the SPT inhibitor myriocin increased RV-A16 but not RV-C15 replication and negated the inhibitory effect of ORMDL3 knockdown. Furthermore, lipidomics analysis revealed opposing regulation of specific sphingolipid species (downstream of SPT) by myriocin and ORMDL3 siRNA, correlating with the effect of these treatments on RV replication. Together, these data revealed a requirement for ORMDL3 in supporting RV replication in epithelial cells via SPT inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul S Fichtinger
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Katherine A Overmyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and.,Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Joshua Coon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and.,Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sameer K Mathur
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Judith A Smith
- Department of Pediatrics.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and
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61
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Ono JG, Kim BI, Zhao Y, Christos PJ, Tesfaigzi Y, Worgall TS, Worgall S. Decreased sphingolipid synthesis in children with 17q21 asthma-risk genotypes. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:921-926. [PMID: 31929190 DOI: 10.1172/jci130860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Risk for childhood asthma is conferred by alleles within the 17q21 locus affecting ORMDL sphingolipid biosynthesis regulator 3 (ORMDL3) expression. ORMDL3 inhibits sphingolipid de novo synthesis. Although the effects of 17q21 genotypes on sphingolipid synthesis in human asthma remain unclear, both decreased sphingolipid synthesis and ORMDL3 overexpression are linked to airway hyperreactivity. To characterize the relationship of genetic asthma susceptibility with sphingolipid synthesis, we analyzed asthma-associated 17q21 genotypes (rs7216389, rs8076131, rs4065275, rs12603332, and rs8067378) in both children with asthma and those without asthma, quantified plasma and whole-blood sphingolipids, and assessed sphingolipid de novo synthesis in peripheral blood cells by measuring the incorporation of stable isotope-labeled serine (substrate) into sphinganine and sphinganine-1-phosphate. Whole-blood dihydroceramides and ceramides were decreased in subjects with the 17q21 asthma-risk alleles rs7216389 and rs8076131. Children with nonallergic asthma had lower dihydroceramides, ceramides, and sphingomyelins than did controls. Children with allergic asthma had higher dihydroceramides, ceramides, and sphingomyelins compared with children with nonallergic asthma. Additionally, de novo sphingolipid synthesis was lower in children with asthma compared with controls. These findings connect genetic 17q21 variations that are associated with asthma risk and higher ORMDL3 expression to lower sphingolipid synthesis in humans. Altered sphingolipid synthesis may therefore be a critical factor in asthma pathogenesis and may guide the development of future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie G Ono
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin I Kim
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yize Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Paul J Christos
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yohannes Tesfaigzi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tilla S Worgall
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stefan Worgall
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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62
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Duan XJ, Zhang X, Li LR, Zhang JY, Chen YP. MiR-200a and miR-200b restrain inflammation by targeting ORMDL3 to regulate the ERK/MMP-9 pathway in asthma. Exp Lung Res 2020; 46:321-331. [PMID: 32820688 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2020.1778816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is one of the most frequent and serious diseases worldwide. Inflammation has been reported to correlate with airway remodeling, which is critical for the progression of asthma. Better understanding of novel molecules modulating asthma and the underlying mechanism will benefit explorations of new treatments. Method: To explore the role of miR-200a and miR-200b in asthma, miR-200a mimics/inhibitor and miR-200b mimics/inhibitor were employed in A549 cells, respectively. Expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IL-1β, were measured by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to identify whether miR-200a/200b directly bound to Orosomucoid 1-like 3 (ORMDL3). ERK, p-ERK and MMP-9, involved in downstream pathways of ORMDL3, were detected using qRT-PCR and western blotting. Results: MiR-200a/200b silencing significantly increased the expression of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IL-1β, in A549 cells. ORMDL3 was the target gene of miR-200a/200b, with high expression levels in miR-200a inhibitor and miR-200b inhibitor groups. MiR-200a and miR-200b played synergistic roles in the regulation of the inflammatory effect in A549 cells. Expression levels of p-ERK and MMP-9 were significantly increased in miR-200a inhibitor and miR-200b inhibitor groups and were rescued by ERK inhibitor and MMP-9 inhibitor, respectively. Conclusion: These findings suggest that miR-200a and miR-200b are required to regulate asthma inflammation. Reduction in miR-200a/200b promotes the development of asthma inflammation by targeting ORMDL3 to activate the ERK/MMP-9 pathway. Therefore, elevating miR-200a and miR-200b and decreasing ORMDL3 might be potential strategies for inhibition of the asthma process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Duan
- The Second Department of Respiratory, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Xi Zhang
- The Second Department of Respiratory, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Rui Li
- The Second Department of Respiratory, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Yan Zhang
- The Second Department of Respiratory, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Ping Chen
- The Second Department of Respiratory, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, P. R. China
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63
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Genetic analyses identify GSDMB associated with asthma severity, exacerbations, and antiviral pathways. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 147:894-909. [PMID: 32795586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Chr17q12-21.2 region is the strongest and most consistently associated region with asthma susceptibility. The functional genes or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are not obvious due to linkage disequilibrium. OBJECTIVES We sought to comprehensively investigate whole-genome sequence and RNA sequence from human bronchial epithelial cells to dissect functional genes/SNPs for asthma severity in the Severe Asthma Research Program. METHODS Expression quantitative trait loci analysis (n = 114), correlation analysis (n = 156) of gene expression and asthma phenotypes, and pathway analysis were performed in bronchial epithelial cells and replicated. Genetic association for asthma severity (426 severe vs 531 nonsevere asthma) and longitudinal asthma exacerbations (n = 273) was performed. RESULTS Multiple SNPs in gasdermin B (GSDMB) associated with asthma severity (odds ratio, >1.25) and longitudinal asthma exacerbations (P < .05). Expression quantitative trait loci analyses identified multiple SNPs associated with expression levels of post-GPI attachment to proteins 3, GSDMB, or gasdermin A (3.1 × 10-9 <P < 1.8 × 10-4). Higher expression levels of GSDMB correlated with asthma and greater number of exacerbations (P < .05). Expression levels of GSDMB correlated with genes involved in IFN signaling, MHC class I antigen presentation, and immune system pathways (false-discovery rate-adjusted P < .05). rs1031458 and rs3902920 in GSDMB colocalized with IFN regulatory factor binding sites and associated with GSDMB expression, asthma severity, and asthma exacerbations (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS By using a unique set of gene expression data from lung cells obtained using bronchoscopy from comprehensively characterized subjects with asthma, we show that SNPs in GSDMB associated with asthma severity, exacerbations, and GSDMB expression levels. Furthermore, its expression levels correlated with asthma exacerbations and antiviral pathways. Thus, GSDMB is a functional gene for both asthma susceptibility and severity.
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Hur GY, Pham A, Miller M, Weng N, Hu J, Kurten RC, Broide DH. ORMDL3 but not neighboring 17q21 gene LRRC3C is expressed in human lungs and lung cells of asthmatics. Allergy 2020; 75:2061-2065. [PMID: 32086831 DOI: 10.1111/all.14243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gyu Young Hur
- Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
- Department of Internal Medicine Korea University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Alexa Pham
- Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Marina Miller
- Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Ning Weng
- Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Jingwen Hu
- Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Richard C. Kurten
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Arkansas Children's Research Institute University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
| | - David H. Broide
- Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
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Dileepan M, Ha SG, Rastle-Simpson S, Ge XN, Greenberg YG, Wijesinghe DS, Contaifer D, Rao SP, Sriramarao P. Pulmonary delivery of ORMDL3 short hairpin RNA - a potential tool to regulate allergen-induced airway inflammation. Exp Lung Res 2020; 46:243-257. [PMID: 32578458 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2020.1781297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aim/Purpose: Exposure to various allergens has been shown to increase expression of ORMDL3 in the lung in models of allergic asthma. Studies using genetically modified (transgenic or knock out) mice have revealed some of the functions of ORMDL3 in asthma pathogenesis, although amid debate. The goal of this study was to use targeted post-transcriptional downregulation of ORMDL3 in allergen-challenged wild-type (WT) mice by RNA interference to further elucidate the functional role of ORMDL3 in asthma pathogenesis and evaluate a potential therapeutic option.Methods: Allergen (ovalbumin [OVA])-challenged WT mice were administered intranasally (i.n) with a single dose of five short hairpin RNA (shRNA) constructs with different target sequence for murine ORMDL3 cloned in a lentiviral vector or with the empty vector (control). Mice were evaluated for allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and various features of airway inflammation after 72 hours.Results: I.n administration of a single dose of ORMDL3 shRNAs to OVA-challenged mice resulted in reduction of ORMDL3 gene expression in the lungs associated with a significant reduction in AHR to inhaled methacholine and in the number of inflammatory cells recruited in the airways, specifically eosinophils, as well as in airway mucus secretion compared to OVA-challenged mice that received the empty vector. Administration of ORMDL3 shRNAs also significantly inhibited levels of IL-13, eotaxin-2 and sphingosine in the lungs. Additionally, ORMDL3 shRNAs significantly inhibited the allergen-mediated increase in monohexyl ceramides C22:0 and C24:0.Conclusions: Post-transcriptional down regulation of ORMDL3 in allergic lungs using i.n-delivered ORMDL3 shRNA (akin to inhaled therapy) attenuates development of key features of airway allergic disease, confirming the involvement of ORMDL3 in allergic asthma pathogenesis and serving as a model for a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mythili Dileepan
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Sung Gil Ha
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Xiao Na Ge
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.,Merck & Co., Inc, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Yana G Greenberg
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Dayanjan S Wijesinghe
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Daniel Contaifer
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Savita P Rao
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - P Sriramarao
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
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Stuart WD, Guo M, Fink-Baldauf IM, Coleman AM, Clancy JP, Mall MA, Lim FY, Brewington JJ, Maeda Y. CRISPRi-mediated functional analysis of lung disease-associated loci at non-coding regions. NAR Genom Bioinform 2020; 2:lqaa036. [PMID: 32500120 PMCID: PMC7252574 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqaa036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified lung disease-associated loci; however, the functions of such loci are not well understood in part because the majority of such loci are located at non-coding regions. Hi-C, ChIP-seq and eQTL data predict potential roles (e.g. enhancer) of such loci; however, they do not elucidate the molecular function. To determine whether these loci function as gene-regulatory regions, CRISPR interference (CRISPRi; CRISPR/dCas9-KRAB) has been recently used. Here, we applied CRISPRi along with Hi-C, ChIP-seq and eQTL to determine the functional roles of loci established as highly associated with asthma, cystic fibrosis (CF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Notably, Hi-C, ChIP-seq and eQTL predicted that non-coding regions located at chromosome 19q13 or chromosome 17q21 harboring single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to asthma/CF/COPD and chromosome 11p15 harboring an SNP linked to IPF interact with nearby genes and function as enhancers; however, CRISPRi indicated that the regions with rs1800469, rs2241712, rs12603332 and rs35705950, but not others, regulate the expression of nearby genes (single or multiple genes). These data indicate that CRISPRi is useful to precisely determine the roles of non-coding regions harboring lung disease-associated loci as to whether they function as gene-regulatory regions at a genomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Stuart
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Minzhe Guo
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Iris M Fink-Baldauf
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Alan M Coleman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Cincinnati Fetal Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - John P Clancy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, 10178, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Foong-Yen Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Cincinnati Fetal Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - John J Brewington
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yutaka Maeda
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Li L, Li Y, Bai Y. Role of GSDMB in Pyroptosis and Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:3033-3043. [PMID: 32431546 PMCID: PMC7201009 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s246948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gasdermin B (GSDMB) belongs to the gasdermin (GSDM) family which may adopt different mechanisms of intramolecular domain interactions to modulate their lipid-binding and pore-forming activities. The GSDM family has regulatory functions in cell proliferation and differentiation, especially in pyroptosis process. Pyroptosis is a pro-inflammatory form of regulated cell death and is designed to attract a nonspecific innate response to the site of infection. For cancer cells, the activation of pyroptosis may promote cell death and exert anticancer properties. Also, recent studies have observed the pyroptosis-like features in GSDMB and some researches have shown that GSDMB overexpression occurred in several kinds of cancers; these findings bring a contradiction with the participation of GSDMB in pyroptosis. Although people pay less attention to GSDMB, it still has some essential research value. It is a paradox that GSDMB might participate in programmed cell death, which might put forward a research direction of therapeutic targets for cancer. Here, we review the possible progress of how GSDMB participated in this inflammatory regulation mechanistically and the potential functions of GSDMB in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjing Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxian Bai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, People's Republic of China
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Youssef M, De Sanctis JB, Shah J, Dumut DC, Hajduch M, Naumova AK, Radzioch D. Treatment of Allergic Asthma with Fenretinide Formulation (LAU-7b) Downregulates ORMDL Sphingolipid Biosynthesis Regulator 3 ( Ormdl3) Expression and Normalizes Ceramide Imbalance. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 373:476-487. [PMID: 32273303 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.263715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zona pellucida binding protein 2 (Zpbp2) and ORMDL sphingolipid biosynthesis regulator 3 (Ormdl3), mapped downstream of Zpbp2, were identified as two genes associated with airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR). Ormdl3 gene product has been shown to regulate the biosynthesis of ceramides. Allergic asthma was shown to be associated with an imbalance between very-long-chain ceramides (VLCCs) and long-chain ceramides (LCCs). We hypothesized that Fenretinide can prevent the allergic asthma-induced augmentation of Ormdl3 gene expression, normalize aberrant levels of VLCCs and LCCs, and treat allergic asthma symptoms. We induced allergic asthma by house dust mite (HDM) in A/J WT mice and Zpbp2 KO mice expressing lower levels of Ormdl3 mRNA than WT. We investigated the effect of a novel formulation of Fenretinide, LAU-7b, on the AHR, inflammatory cell infiltration, mucus production, IgE levels, and ceramide levels. Although lower Ormdl3 expression, which was observed in Zpbp2 KO mice, was associated with lower AHR, allergic Zpbp2 KO mice were not protected from inflammatory cell infiltration, mucus accumulation, or aberrant levels of VLCCs and LCCs induced by HDM. LAU-7b treatment protects both the Zpbp2 KO and WT mice. The treatment significantly lowers the gene expression of Ormdl3, normalizes the VLCCs and LCCs, and corrects all the other phenotypes associated with allergic asthma after HDM challenge, except the elevated levels of IgE. LAU-7b treatment prevents the augmentation of Ormdl3 expression and ceramide imbalance induced by HDM challenge and protects both WT and Zpbp2 KO mice against allergic asthma symptoms. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Compared with A/J WT mice, KO mice with Zpbp2 gene deletion have lower AHR and lower levels of Ormdl3 expression. The novel oral clinical formulation of Fenretinide (LAU-7b) effectively lowers the AHR and protects against inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus accumulation induced by house dust mite in both Zpbp2 KO and WT A/J mice. LAU-7b prevents Ormdl3 overexpression in WT allergic mice and corrects the aberrant levels of very-long-chain and long-chain ceramides in both WT and Zpbp2 KO allergic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Youssef
- Department of Human Genetics (M.Y., A.K.N., D.R.), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.S.), Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.C.D., D.R.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.K.N.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (M.Y., J.S., D.C.D., D.R.); and Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (J.B.D.S., M.H., D.R.)
| | - Juan B De Sanctis
- Department of Human Genetics (M.Y., A.K.N., D.R.), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.S.), Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.C.D., D.R.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.K.N.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (M.Y., J.S., D.C.D., D.R.); and Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (J.B.D.S., M.H., D.R.)
| | - Juhi Shah
- Department of Human Genetics (M.Y., A.K.N., D.R.), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.S.), Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.C.D., D.R.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.K.N.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (M.Y., J.S., D.C.D., D.R.); and Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (J.B.D.S., M.H., D.R.)
| | - Daciana Catalina Dumut
- Department of Human Genetics (M.Y., A.K.N., D.R.), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.S.), Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.C.D., D.R.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.K.N.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (M.Y., J.S., D.C.D., D.R.); and Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (J.B.D.S., M.H., D.R.)
| | - Marian Hajduch
- Department of Human Genetics (M.Y., A.K.N., D.R.), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.S.), Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.C.D., D.R.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.K.N.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (M.Y., J.S., D.C.D., D.R.); and Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (J.B.D.S., M.H., D.R.)
| | - Anna K Naumova
- Department of Human Genetics (M.Y., A.K.N., D.R.), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.S.), Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.C.D., D.R.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.K.N.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (M.Y., J.S., D.C.D., D.R.); and Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (J.B.D.S., M.H., D.R.)
| | - Danuta Radzioch
- Department of Human Genetics (M.Y., A.K.N., D.R.), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.S.), Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine (D.C.D., D.R.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.K.N.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (M.Y., J.S., D.C.D., D.R.); and Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (J.B.D.S., M.H., D.R.)
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Janssen-Heininger Y, Reynaert NL, van der Vliet A, Anathy V. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and glutathione therapeutics in chronic lung diseases. Redox Biol 2020; 33:101516. [PMID: 32249209 PMCID: PMC7251249 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Janssen-Heininger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Niki L Reynaert
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
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Stern J, Pier J, Litonjua AA. Asthma epidemiology and risk factors. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:5-15. [PMID: 32020334 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00785-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a clinical syndrome that affects all age groups. Asthma prevalence worldwide has seen a rapid increase in the latter part of the last century. Recent data has shown that asthma prevalence has plateaued and even decreased in some areas of the world, despite continuing to increase in other areas of the world. Many risk factors have been associated with asthma and the differences in distributions of these risk factors may explain the differences in prevalence. This article will review recent trends in the prevalence of asthma and recent studies that investigate risk factors of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Stern
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Golisano Children's Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Pier
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Golisano Children's Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Augusto A Litonjua
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Golisano Children's Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 667, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA. .,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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71
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Klarić L, Tsepilov YA, Stanton CM, Mangino M, Sikka TT, Esko T, Pakhomov E, Salo P, Deelen J, McGurnaghan SJ, Keser T, Vučković F, Ugrina I, Krištić J, Gudelj I, Štambuk J, Plomp R, Pučić-Baković M, Pavić T, Vilaj M, Trbojević-Akmačić I, Drake C, Dobrinić P, Mlinarec J, Jelušić B, Richmond A, Timofeeva M, Grishchenko AK, Dmitrieva J, Bermingham ML, Sharapov SZ, Farrington SM, Theodoratou E, Uh HW, Beekman M, Slagboom EP, Louis E, Georges M, Wuhrer M, Colhoun HM, Dunlop MG, Perola M, Fischer K, Polasek O, Campbell H, Rudan I, Wilson JF, Zoldoš V, Vitart V, Spector T, Aulchenko YS, Lauc G, Hayward C. Glycosylation of immunoglobulin G is regulated by a large network of genes pleiotropic with inflammatory diseases. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaax0301. [PMID: 32128391 PMCID: PMC7030929 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Effector functions of immunoglobulin G (IgG) are regulated by the composition of a glycan moiety, thus affecting activity of the immune system. Aberrant glycosylation of IgG has been observed in many diseases, but little is understood about the underlying mechanisms. We performed a genome-wide association study of IgG N-glycosylation (N = 8090) and, using a data-driven network approach, suggested how associated loci form a functional network. We confirmed in vitro that knockdown of IKZF1 decreases the expression of fucosyltransferase FUT8, resulting in increased levels of fucosylated glycans, and suggest that RUNX1 and RUNX3, together with SMARCB1, regulate expression of glycosyltransferase MGAT3. We also show that variants affecting the expression of genes involved in the regulation of glycoenzymes colocalize with variants affecting risk for inflammatory diseases. This study provides new evidence that variation in key transcription factors coupled with regulatory variation in glycogenes modifies IgG glycosylation and has influence on inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucija Klarić
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yakov A. Tsepilov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Chloe M. Stanton
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St Thomas’ Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Timo Tõnis Sikka
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eugene Pakhomov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Perttu Salo
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joris Deelen
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stuart J. McGurnaghan
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Toma Keser
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ivo Ugrina
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Split, Faculty of Science, Split, Croatia
| | | | - Ivan Gudelj
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jerko Štambuk
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rosina Plomp
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Tamara Pavić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Vilaj
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Camilla Drake
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paula Dobrinić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Mlinarec
- Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Barbara Jelušić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anne Richmond
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maria Timofeeva
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alexander K. Grishchenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Julia Dmitrieva
- Unit of Animal Genomics, WELBIO, GIGA-R and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mairead L. Bermingham
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sodbo Zh. Sharapov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Susan M. Farrington
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hae-Won Uh
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Biostatistics and Research Support, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marian Beekman
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Eline P. Slagboom
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Edouard Louis
- CHU-Liège and Unit of Gastroenterology, GIGA-R and Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michel Georges
- Unit of Animal Genomics, WELBIO, GIGA-R and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Helen M. Colhoun
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Public Health, NHS Fife, Kirkcaldy, UK
| | - Malcolm G. Dunlop
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Markus Perola
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krista Fischer
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
- Gen-info, Zagreb, Croatia
- Psychiatric Hospital Sveti Ivan, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James F. Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vlatka Zoldoš
- Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tim Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Yurii S. Aulchenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- PolyOmica, Het Vlaggeschip 61, 5237 PA 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
- Kurchatov Genomics Center, Institute of Cytology & Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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72
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Broz P, Pelegrín P, Shao F. The gasdermins, a protein family executing cell death and inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol 2019; 20:143-157. [PMID: 31690840 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 883] [Impact Index Per Article: 176.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gasdermins are a family of recently identified pore-forming effector proteins that cause membrane permeabilization and pyroptosis, a lytic pro-inflammatory type of cell death. Gasdermins contain a cytotoxic N-terminal domain and a C-terminal repressor domain connected by a flexible linker. Proteolytic cleavage between these two domains releases the intramolecular inhibition on the cytotoxic domain, allowing it to insert into cell membranes and form large oligomeric pores, which disrupts ion homeostasis and induces cell death. Gasdermin-induced pyroptosis plays a prominent role in many hereditary diseases and (auto)inflammatory disorders as well as in cancer. In this Review, we discuss recent developments in gasdermin research with a focus on mechanisms that control gasdermin activation, pore formation and functional consequences of gasdermin-induced membrane permeabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Broz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Pablo Pelegrín
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University Clinical Hospital 'Virgen de la Arrixaca', Murcia, Spain.
| | - Feng Shao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.
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73
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Ivanova O, Richards LB, Vijverberg SJ, Neerincx AH, Sinha A, Sterk PJ, Maitland‐van der Zee AH. What did we learn from multiple omics studies in asthma? Allergy 2019; 74:2129-2145. [PMID: 31004501 DOI: 10.1111/all.13833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
More than a decade has passed since the finalization of the Human Genome Project. Omics technologies made a huge leap from trendy and very expensive to routinely executed and relatively cheap assays. Simultaneously, we understood that omics is not a panacea for every problem in the area of human health and personalized medicine. Whilst in some areas of research omics showed immediate results, in other fields, including asthma, it only allowed us to identify the incredibly complicated molecular processes. Along with their possibilities, omics technologies also bring many issues connected to sample collection, analyses and interpretation. It is often impossible to separate the intrinsic imperfection of omics from asthma heterogeneity. Still, many insights and directions from applied omics were acquired-presumable phenotypic clusters of patients, plausible biomarkers and potential pathways involved. Omics technologies develop rapidly, bringing improvements also to asthma research. These improvements, together with our growing understanding of asthma subphenotypes and underlying cellular processes, will likely play a role in asthma management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Ivanova
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (AUMC) University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Levi B. Richards
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (AUMC) University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Susanne J. Vijverberg
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (AUMC) University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Anne H. Neerincx
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (AUMC) University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Anirban Sinha
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (AUMC) University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Sterk
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (AUMC) University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Anke H. Maitland‐van der Zee
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (AUMC) University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology Amsterdam UMC/ Emma Children's Hospital Amsterdam the Netherlands
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74
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Hur GY, Broide DH. Genes and Pathways Regulating Decline in Lung Function and Airway Remodeling in Asthma. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2019; 11:604-621. [PMID: 31332973 PMCID: PMC6658410 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2019.11.5.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a common disorder of the airways characterized by airway inflammation and by decline in lung function and airway remodeling in a subset of asthmatics. Airway remodeling is characterized by structural changes which include airway smooth muscle hypertrophy/hyperplasia, subepithelial fibrosis due to thickening of the reticular basement membrane, mucus metaplasia of the epithelium, and angiogenesis. Epidemiologic studies suggest that both genetic and environmental factors may contribute to decline in lung function and airway remodeling in a subset of asthmatics. Environmental factors include respiratory viral infection-triggered asthma exacerbations, and tobacco smoke. There is also evidence that several asthma candidate genes may contribute to decline in lung function, including ADAM33, PLAUR, VEGF, IL13, CHI3L1, TSLP, GSDMB, TGFB1, POSTN, ESR1 and ARG2. In addition, mediators or cytokines, including cysteinyl leukotrienes, matrix metallopeptidase-9, interleukin-33 and eosinophil expression of transforming growth factor-β, may contribute to airway remodeling in asthma. Although increased airway smooth muscle is associated with reduced lung function (i.e. forced expiratory volume in 1 second) in asthma, there have been few long-term studies to determine how individual pathologic features of airway remodeling contribute to decline in lung function in asthma. Clinical studies with inhibitors of individual gene products, cytokines or mediators are needed in asthmatic patients to identify their individual role in decline in lung function and/or airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu Young Hur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David H Broide
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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75
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Miller M, Broide DH. Why Is ORMDL3 on Chromosome 17q21 Highly Linked to Asthma? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 199:404-406. [PMID: 30365391 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201810-1941ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Miller
- 1 Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla, California
| | - David H Broide
- 1 Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla, California
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76
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Abstract
Asthma is a genetically and phenotypically complex disease that has a major impact on global health. Signs and symptoms of asthma are caused by the obstruction of airflow through the airways. The epithelium that lines the airways plays a major role in maintaining airway patency and in host defense. The epithelium initiates responses to inhaled or aspirated substances, including allergens, viruses, and bacteria, and epithelial-derived cytokines are important in the recruitment and activation of immune cells in the airway. Changes in the structure and function of the airway epithelium are a prominent feature of asthma. Approximately half of individuals with asthma have evidence of active type 2 immune responses in the airway. In these individuals, epithelial cytokines promote type 2 responses, and responses to type 2 cytokines result in increased epithelial mucus production and other effects that cause airway obstruction. Recent work also implicates other epithelial responses, including interleukin-17, interferon and ER stress responses, that may contribute to asthma pathogenesis and provide new targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke R Bonser
- Lung Biology Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - David J Erle
- Lung Biology Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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77
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Wang H, Liu Y, Shi J, Cheng Z. ORMDL3 knockdown in the lungs alleviates airway inflammation and airway remodeling in asthmatic mice via JNK1/2-MMP-9 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:739-746. [PMID: 31255288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Orosomucoid-like protein 3 (ORMDL3) is a common mutation in many asthma patients and its effects on the specific pathogenesis of asthma are still unclear. Therefore, in this study, we used a mouse that specifically knockout the mouse ORDML3 gene to further study the mechanism. We used ovalbumin (OVA) to induce asthma in wild-type mice and ORMDL3 knockout mice. Lung ventilation resistance, airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, collagen deposition, the levels of inflammatory factors and the expression of ORDML3 and JNK1/2-MMP-9 pathway were detected. The results showed that ORMDL3 gene was highly expressed in clinical asthmatic children and mouse asthma model. Knocking down the ORMDL3 gene in the lung tissue of asthmatic mice can reduce airway hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation, mucus secretion, and collagen deposition around the airway. After knocking down the lung tissue of mice, the IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 concentrations in broncho alveolar lavage fluid of asthmatic mice were significantly decreased, and the activation of JNK1/2-MMP-9 pathway was inhibited in mouse lung tissue. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the ORMDL3 gene may aggravate asthma symptoms by activating the JNK1/2-MMP-9 pathway, which indicates that the ORMDL3 gene may be the key molecule for the next step of asthma targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiang Shi
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhe Cheng
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
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78
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Janschitz M, Romanov N, Varnavides G, Hollenstein DM, Gérecová G, Ammerer G, Hartl M, Reiter W. Novel interconnections of HOG signaling revealed by combined use of two proteomic software packages. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:66. [PMID: 31208443 PMCID: PMC6572760 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0381-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern quantitative mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics enables researchers to unravel signaling networks by monitoring proteome-wide cellular responses to different stimuli. MS-based analysis of signaling systems usually requires an integration of multiple quantitative MS experiments, which remains challenging, given that the overlap between these datasets is not necessarily comprehensive. In a previous study we analyzed the impact of the yeast mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) Hog1 on the hyperosmotic stress-affected phosphorylome. Using a combination of a series of hyperosmotic stress and kinase inhibition experiments, we identified a broad range of direct and indirect substrates of the MAPK. Here we re-evaluate this extensive MS dataset and demonstrate that a combined analysis based on two software packages, MaxQuant and Proteome Discoverer, increases the coverage of Hog1-target proteins by 30%. Using protein-protein proximity assays we show that the majority of new targets gained by this analysis are indeed Hog1-interactors. Additionally, kinetic profiles indicate differential trends of Hog1-dependent versus Hog1-independent phosphorylation sites. Our findings highlight a previously unrecognized interconnection between Hog1 signaling and the RAM signaling network, as well as sphingolipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Janschitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Children’s Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Natalie Romanov
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Current Address: Department of Molecular Sociology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gina Varnavides
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Gabriela Gérecová
- Department of Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gustav Ammerer
- Department of Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Hartl
- Department of Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Reiter
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
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79
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Yang F, Kimberlin AN, Elowsky CG, Liu Y, Gonzalez-Solis A, Cahoon EB, Alfano JR. A Plant Immune Receptor Degraded by Selective Autophagy. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:113-123. [PMID: 30508598 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants recycle non-activated immune receptors to maintain a functional immune system. The Arabidopsis immune receptor kinase FLAGELLIN-SENSING 2 (FLS2) recognizes bacterial flagellin. However, the molecular mechanisms by which non-activated FLS2 and other non-activated plant PRRs are recycled remain not well understood. Here, we provide evidence showing that Arabidopsis orosomucoid (ORM) proteins, which have been known to be negative regulators of sphingolipid biosynthesis, act as selective autophagy receptors to mediate the degradation of FLS2. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing ORM1 or ORM2 have undetectable or greatly diminished FLS2 accumulation, nearly lack FLS2 signaling, and are more susceptible to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. On the other hand, ORM1/2 RNAi plants and orm1 or orm2 mutants generated by the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing have increased FLS2 accumulation and enhanced FLS2 signaling, and are more resistant to P. syringae. ORM proteins interact with FLS2 and the autophagy-related protein ATG8. Interestingly, overexpression of ORM1 or ORM2 in autophagy-defective mutants showed FLS2 abundance that is comparable to that in wild-type plants. Moreover, FLS2 levels were not decreased in Arabidopsis plants overexpressing ORM1/2 derivatives that do not interact with ATG8. Taken together, these results suggest that selective autophagy functions in maintaining the homeostasis of a plant immune receptor and that beyond sphingolipid metabolic regulation ORM proteins can also act as selective autophagy receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0722, USA; Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0660, USA
| | - Athen N Kimberlin
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0660, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664, USA
| | - Christian G Elowsky
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0665, USA
| | - Yunfeng Liu
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0660, USA
| | - Ariadna Gonzalez-Solis
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0660, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664, USA
| | - Edgar B Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0660, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664, USA.
| | - James R Alfano
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0722, USA; Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0660, USA.
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80
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Kim KW, Ober C. Lessons Learned From GWAS of Asthma. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2019; 11:170-187. [PMID: 30661310 PMCID: PMC6340805 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2019.11.2.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a common complex disease of the airways. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of asthma have identified many risk alleles and loci that have been replicated in worldwide populations. Although the risk alleles identified by GWAS have small effects and explain only a small portion of prevalence, the discovery of asthma loci can provide an understanding of its genetic architecture and the molecular pathways involved in disease pathogenesis. These discoveries can translate into advances in clinical care by identifying therapeutic targets, preventive strategies and ultimately approaches for personalized medicine. In this review, we summarize results from GWAS of asthma from the past 10 years and the insights gleaned from these discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 PLUS project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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81
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Hernandez-Pacheco N, Pino-Yanes M, Flores C. Genomic Predictors of Asthma Phenotypes and Treatment Response. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:6. [PMID: 30805318 PMCID: PMC6370703 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a complex respiratory disease considered as the most common chronic condition in children. A large genetic contribution to asthma susceptibility is predicted by the clustering of asthma and allergy symptoms among relatives and the large disease heritability estimated from twin studies, ranging from 55 to 90%. Genetic basis of asthma has been extensively investigated in the past 40 years using linkage analysis and candidate-gene association studies. However, the development of dense arrays for polymorphism genotyping has enabled the transition toward genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which have led the discovery of several unanticipated asthma genes in the last 11 years. Despite this, currently known risk variants identified using many thousand samples from distinct ethnicities only explain a small proportion of asthma heritability. This review examines the main findings of the last 2 years in genomic studies of asthma using GWAS and admixture mapping studies, as well as the direction of studies fostering integrative perspectives involving omics data. Additionally, we discuss the need for assessing the whole spectrum of genetic variation in association studies of asthma susceptibility, severity, and treatment response in order to further improve our knowledge of asthma genes and predictive biomarkers. Leveraging the individual's genetic information will allow a better understanding of asthma pathogenesis and will facilitate the transition toward a more precise diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Hernandez-Pacheco
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Genomics and Health Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Maria Pino-Yanes
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Genomics and Health Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Flores
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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82
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Ma X, Long F, Yun Y, Dang J, Wei S, Zhang Q, Li J, Zhang H, Zhang W, Wang Z, Liu Q, Zou C. ORMDL3 and its implication in inflammatory disorders. Int J Rheum Dis 2018; 21:1154-1162. [PMID: 29879314 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence has suggested the genetic association of ORMDL3 gene (ORMDL Sphingolipid Biosynthesis Regulator 3) polymorphisms with a diverse set of inflammatory disorders that include bronchial asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, ankylosing spondylitis and atherosclerosis. Gene functional investigations have revealed the particular relevance of ORMDL3 in endoplasmic reticulum stress, lipid metabolism and inflammatory reactions. Additionally, several reports have recently added a new dimension to our understanding of the modulation of ORMDL3 gene expression in inflammation. This mini-review summarizes the pertinent publications regarding the genetic association studies and mechanistic exploration of ORMDL3 in common inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Medical Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Long
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Medical Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Yun
- Brain Research Institute, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Dang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Medical Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China.,Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shijun Wei
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Medical Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinzhang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Haizhou Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhengjun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiji Liu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Medical Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chengwei Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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83
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Wu XL, Li R, Zhang HW, Jin R, Wang JY, Juan CX, Lu K, Shu J, Wang LL, Wang Y, Zhuang LL, Zhou GP. Methylation status of ORMDL3 regulates cytokine production and p-ERK/MMP9 pathway expression. Exp Cell Res 2018; 372:43-51. [PMID: 30217493 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Orosomucoid like-3 (ORMDL3) has been identified to be associated with the development of asthma according to previous studies. However, the definite role of ORMDL3 in the pathogenesis of asthma remains unclear. In this study, we found ORMDL3 was highly expressed in PBMC specimens from childhood asthma patients. Cytokines production and p-ERK/MMP-9 pathway expression was also increased in childhood asthma patients compared with controls. In addition, ORMDL3 overexpression induced IL-6 and IL-8 release and activated p-ERK/MMP-9 pathway in vitro. Increased ORMDL3 expression was observed after treated with 5-Aza-CdR. 5-Aza-CdR decreased the percentage of the CpG island in the ORMDL3 promoter region and increased its promoter activity. In addition, 5-Aza-CdR significantly increased IL-6 and IL-8 levels in NHBE cells while there was no obvious alteration after knocking down ORMDL3. Knockdown of ORMDL3 also significantly decreased the expression of p-ERK/MMP-9 pathway in the presence or absence of 5-Aza-CdR. In conclusion, our study provided novel evidence for the association between ORMDL3 and asthma-associated cytokines. Moreover, DNA methylation plays an important role in ORMDL3-mediated increased IL-6 and IL-8 levels and p-ERK/MMP-9 pathway expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lu Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hui-Wen Zhang
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Nanjing Children's Hospital, 210000, China
| | - Rui Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jin-Ya Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chen-Xia Juan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Kang Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jin Shu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lu-Lu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Li-Li Zhuang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Guo-Ping Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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Davis D, Kannan M, Wattenberg B. Orm/ORMDL proteins: Gate guardians and master regulators. Adv Biol Regul 2018; 70:3-18. [PMID: 30193828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids comprise a diverse family of lipids that perform multiple functions in both structure of cellular membranes and intra- and inter-cellular signaling. The diversity of this family is generated by an array of enzymes that produce individual classes and molecular species of family members and enzymes which catabolize those lipids for recycling pathways. However, all of these lipids begin their lives with a single step, the condensation of an amino acid, almost always serine, and a fatty acyl-CoA, almost always the 16-carbon, saturated fatty acid, palmitate. The enzyme complex that accomplishes this condensation is serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), a membrane-bound component of the endoplasmic reticulum. This places SPT in the unique position of regulating the production of the entire sphingolipid pool. Understanding how SPT activity is regulated is currently a central focus in the field of sphingolipid biology. In this review we examine the regulation of SPT activity by a set of small, membrane-bound proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum, the Orms (in yeast) and ORMDLs (in vertebrates). We discuss what is known about how these proteins act as homeostatic regulators by monitoring cellular levels of sphingolipid, but also how the Orms/ORMDLs regulate SPT in response to other stimuli. Finally, we discuss the intriguing connection between one of the mammalian ORMDL isoforms, ORMDL3, and the pervasive pulmonary disease, asthma, in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna Davis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Muthukumar Kannan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Binks Wattenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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Miller M, Vuong C, Garcia MF, Rosenthal P, Das S, Weng N, Pham A, Kim YJ, Broide DH. Does reduced zona pellucida binding protein 2 (ZPBP2) expression on chromosome 17q21 protect against asthma? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:706-709.e4. [PMID: 29709669 PMCID: PMC6078789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Christine Vuong
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | | | - Peter Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Sudipta Das
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Ning Weng
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Alexa Pham
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - David H Broide
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.
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A decade of research on the 17q12-21 asthma locus: Piecing together the puzzle. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:749-764.e3. [PMID: 29307657 PMCID: PMC6172038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.12.974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome 17q12–21 remains the most highly replicated and significant asthma locus. Genotypes in the core region defined by the first genome-wide association study correlate with expression of 2 genes, ORM1-like 3 (ORMDL3) and gasdermin B (GSDMB), making these prime candidate asthma genes, although recent studies have implicated gasdermin A (GSDMA) distal to and post-GPI attachment to proteins 3 (PGAP3) proximal to the core region as independent loci. We review 10 years of studies on the 17q12–21 locus and suggest that genotype-specific risks for asthma at the proximal and distal loci are not specific to early-onset asthma and mediated by PGAP3, ORMDL3, and/or GSDMA expression. We propose that the weak and inconsistent associations of 17q single nucleotide polymorphisms with asthma in African Americans is due to the high frequency of some 17q alleles, the breakdown of linkage disequilibrium on African-derived chromosomes, and possibly different early-life asthma endotypes in these children. Finally, the inconsistent association between asthma and gene expression levels in blood or lung cells from older children and adults suggests that genotype effects may mediate asthma risk or protection during critical developmental windows and/or in response to relevant exposures in early life. Thus studies of young children and ethnically diverse populations are required to fully understand the relationship between genotype and asthma phenotype and the gene regulatory architecture at this locus. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018;142:749–64.)
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87
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Schwantes EA, Evans MD, Cuskey A, Burford A, Smith JA, Lemanske RF, Jarjour NN, Mathur SK. Elevated fractional exhaled nitric oxide and blood eosinophil counts are associated with a 17q21 asthma risk allele in adult subjects. J Asthma Allergy 2017; 11:1-9. [PMID: 29296089 PMCID: PMC5741070 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s149183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Genome-wide association studies identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the 17q21 locus conferring increased risk for childhood-onset asthma. Little is known about how these SNPs impact adult asthma patients. We sought to examine an adult population for associations between rs7216389 (17q21-associated SNP) and features of asthma including fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), eosinophil counts, and age of asthma onset. Methods Subjects were genotyped at SNP rs7216389. The geometric mean of FeNO measurements and peripheral blood eosinophil counts from 2008 to 2015 were collected. Demographics and medical history were collected including self-reported allergy diagnoses and age of asthma onset. Eosinophils, monocytes, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated for the examination of ORMDL3 expression. Results FeNO levels from 157 genotyped subjects (31CC, 72CT, and 54TT) and peripheral eosinophil counts from 252 genotyped subjects (46CC, 122CT, and 84TT) were analyzed. In a sub-group analysis of asthma subjects, the number of attributable T alleles was associated with significantly lower age of asthma onset (P=0.03) and greater FeNO levels (geometric mean 30.0 ppb TT, 20.0 ppb CT, 20.0 ppb CC, P=0.02). In the total cohort of subjects, the T allele was associated with a higher percentage of individual eosinophil counts >200/mm3 (45% TT, 26% CT, 24% CC, P=0.005). Eosinophils expressed ORMDL3 mRNA and protein. Conclusion In adult subjects, the number of T alleles at SNP rs7216389 corresponds to significantly greater FeNO levels and peripheral eosinophil counts. The expression of ORMDL3 in eosinophils suggests that they may participate in mediating the asthma risk associated with the 17q21 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alex Cuskey
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine
| | - Alex Burford
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine
| | - Judith A Smith
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Robert F Lemanske
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nizar N Jarjour
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine
| | - Sameer K Mathur
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine
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