Electrochemical study and flow injection analysis of paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulations based on screen-printed electrodes and carbon nanotubes

Electrochemical behavior and voltammetric determination of paracetamol on Nafion/TiO2-graphene modified glassy carbon electrode

The TiO(2)-graphene (TiO(2)-GR) nanocomposite for paracetamol electrochemical sensing is described. The electrochemical behavior of paracetamol at the Nafion/TiO(2)-GR composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The results showed that the incorporation of TiO(2) nanoparticles with graphene significantly enhanced the electrochemical reactivity and voltammetric response of paracetamol. In addition, Nafion acts as an effective solubilizing agent and antifouling coating in the fabrication of the modified electrode. This electrochemical sensor exhibits excellent analytical performance for paracetamol detection at physiological pH with detection limit of 2.1×10(-7) M, linear range of 1-100 μM and reproducibility of 3.6% relative standard deviation.

State-of-the-art of (bio)chemical sensor developments in analytical Spanish groups

(Bio)chemical sensors are one of the most exciting fields in analytical chemistry today. The development of these analytical devices simplifies and miniaturizes the whole analytical process. Although the initial expectation of the massive incorporation of sensors in routine analytical work has been truncated to some extent, in many other cases analytical methods based on sensor technology have solved important analytical problems. Many research groups are working in this field world-wide, reporting interesting results so far. Modestly, Spanish researchers have contributed to these recent developments. In this review, we summarize the more representative achievements carried out for these groups. They cover a wide variety of sensors, including optical, electrochemical, piezoelectric or electro-mechanical devices, used for laboratory or field analyses. The capabilities to be used in different applied areas are also critically discussed.