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Wang E, Xiang K, Zhang Y, Wang XF. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) and PDO-derived xenografts (PDOXs): New opportunities in establishing faithful pre-clinical cancer models. JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER CENTER 2022; 2:263-276. [PMID: 39036550 PMCID: PMC11256726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jncc.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major bottlenecks in advancing basic cancer research and developing novel cancer therapies is the lack of in vitro pre-clinical models that faithfully recapitulate tumor properties in the patients. Monolayer cultures of cancer cell lines usually lose the heterogeneity of the parental tumors, while patient-derived xenograft (PDX) suffers from its time- and resource-intensive nature. The emergence of organoid culture system and its application in cancer research provides a unique opportunity to develop novel in vitro cancer pre-clinical models. Here we review the recent advances in utilizing organoids culture system and other related three-dimensional culture systems in studying cancer biology, performing drug screening, and developing cancer therapies. In particular, we discuss the advantages of applying xenograft initiated from patient-derived organoids (PDOs) as a faithful cancer pre-clinical model in basic cancer research and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ergang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Kun Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States
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52
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Ding H, Zhang J, Zhang F, Xu Y, Yu Y, Liang W, Li Q. Role of Cancer-Associated fibroblast in the pathogenesis of ovarian Cancer: Focus on the latest therapeutic approaches. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109052. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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53
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VandenHeuvel SN, Farris HA, Noltensmeyer DA, Roy S, Donehoo DA, Kopetz S, Haricharan S, Walsh AJ, Raghavan S. Decellularized organ biomatrices facilitate quantifiable in vitro 3D cancer metastasis models. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:5791-5806. [PMID: 35894795 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01796a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic cancers are chemoresistant, involving complex interplay between disseminated cancer cell aggregates and the distant organ microenvironment (extracellular matrix and stromal cells). Conventional metastasis surrogates (scratch/wound healing, Transwell migration assays) lack 3D architecture and ECM presence. Metastasis studies can therefore significantly benefit from biomimetic 3D in vitro models recapitulating the complex cascade of distant organ invasion and colonization by collective clusters of cells. We aimed to engineer reproducible and quantifiable 3D models of highly therapy-resistant cancer processes: (i) colorectal cancer liver metastasis; and (ii) breast cancer lung metastasis. Metastatic seeds are engineered using 3D tumor spheroids to recapitulate the 3D aggregation of cancer cells both in the tumor and in circulation throughout the metastatic cascade of many cancers. Metastatic soil was engineered by decellularizing porcine livers and lungs to generate biomatrix scaffolds, followed by extensive materials characterization. HCT116 colorectal and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer spheroids were generated on hanging drop arrays to initiate clustered metastatic seeding into liver and lung biomatrix scaffolds, respectively. Between days 3-7, biomatrix cellular colonization was apparent with increased metabolic activity and the presence of cellular nests evaluated via multiphoton microscopy. HCT116 and MDA-MB-231 cells colonized liver and lung biomatrices, and at least 15% of the cells invaded more than 20 μm from the surface. Engineered metastases also expressed increased signatures of genes associated with the metastatic epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Importantly, inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibited metastatic invasion into the biomatrix. Furthermore, metastatic nests were significantly more chemoresistant (>3 times) to the anti-cancer drug oxaliplatin, compared to 3D spheroids. Together, our data indicated that HCT116 and MDA-MB-231 spheroids invade, colonize, and proliferate in livers and lungs establishing metastatic nests in 3D settings in vitro. The metastatic nature of these cells was confirmed with functional readouts regarding EMT and chemoresistance. Modeling the dynamic metastatic cascade in vitro has potential to identify therapeutic targets to treat or prevent metastatic progression in chemoresistant metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather A Farris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Dillon A Noltensmeyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Sanjana Roy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Del A Donehoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Svasti Haricharan
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alex J Walsh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Shreya Raghavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
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54
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Yan Y, Cheong IH, Chen P, Li X, Wang X, Wang H. Patient-derived rectal cancer organoids—applications in basic and translational cancer research. Front Oncol 2022; 12:922430. [PMID: 35957894 PMCID: PMC9360321 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.922430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and among the leading causes of death in both men and women. Rectal cancer (RC) is particularly challenging compared with colon cancer as the treatment after diagnosis of RC is more complex on account of its narrow anatomical location in the pelvis adjacent to the urogenital organs. More and more existing studies have begun to refine the research on RC and colon cancer separately. Early diagnosis and multiple treatment strategies optimize outcomes for individual patients. However, the need for more accurate and precise models to facilitate RC research is underscored due to the heterogeneity of clinical response and morbidity interrelated with radical surgery. Organoids generated from biopsies of patients have developed as powerful models to recapitulate many aspects of their primary tissue, consisting of 3-D self-organizing structures, which shed great light on the applications in both biomedical and clinical research. As the preclinical research models for RC are usually confused with colon cancer, research on patient-derived RC organoid models enable personalized analysis of cancer pathobiology, organizational function, and tumor initiation and progression. In this review, we discuss the various applications of patient-derived RC organoids over the past two years in basic cancer biology and clinical translation, including sequencing analysis, drug screening, precision therapy practice, tumor microenvironment studies, and genetic engineering opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Yan
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Io Hong Cheong
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peizhan Chen
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianli Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Wang,
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55
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Iman H, Benjamin A, Peyton K, Habbit NL, Ahmed B, Heslin MJ, Mobley JA, Greene MW, Lipke EA. Engineered colorectal cancer tissue recapitulates key attributes of a patient-derived xenograft tumor line. Biofabrication 2022; 14:10.1088/1758-5090/ac73b6. [PMID: 35617932 PMCID: PMC9822569 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac73b6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of physiologically relevantin vitrocolorectal cancer (CRC) models is vital for advancing understanding of tumor biology. Although CRC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) recapitulate key patient tumor characteristics and demonstrate high concordance with clinical outcomes, the use of thisin vivomodel is costly and low-throughput. Here we report the establishment and in-depth characterization of anin vitrotissue-engineered CRC model using PDX cells. To form the 3D engineered CRC-PDX (3D-eCRC-PDX) tissues, CRC PDX tumors were expandedin vivo, dissociated, and the isolated cells encapsulated within PEG-fibrinogen hydrogels. Following PEG-fibrinogen encapsulation, cells remain viable and proliferate within 3D-eCRC-PDX tissues. Tumor cell subpopulations, including human cancer and mouse stromal cells, are maintained in long-term culture (29 days); cellular subpopulations increase ratiometrically over time. The 3D-eCRC-PDX tissues mimic the mechanical stiffness of originating tumors. Extracellular matrix protein production by cells in the 3D-eCRC-PDX tissues resulted in approximately 57% of proteins observed in the CRC-PDX tumors also being present in the 3D-eCRC-PDX tissues on day 22. Furthermore, we show congruence in enriched gene ontology molecular functions and Hallmark gene sets in 3D-eCRC-PDX tissues and CRC-PDX tumors compared to normal colon tissue, while prognostic Kaplan-Meier plots for overall and relapse free survival did not reveal significant differences between CRC-PDX tumors and 3D-eCRC-PDX tissues. Our results demonstrate high batch-to-batch consistency and strong correlation between ourin vitrotissue-engineered PDX-CRC model and the originatingin vivoPDX tumors, providing a foundation for future studies of disease progression and tumorigenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassani Iman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Anbiah Benjamin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Kuhlers Peyton
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Nicole L. Habbit
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Bulbul Ahmed
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Martin J. Heslin
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - James A. Mobley
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205-3703, USA,Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205-3703, USA
| | - Michael W. Greene
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA,Co-corresponding authors Elizabeth A. Lipke, , Michael W. Greene,
| | - Elizabeth A. Lipke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA,Co-corresponding authors Elizabeth A. Lipke, , Michael W. Greene,
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56
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Ma N, Chen X, Liu C, Sun Y, Johnston LJ, Ma X. Dietary nutrition regulates intestinal stem cell homeostasis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11263-11274. [PMID: 35694795 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2087052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISCs), which locate at the base of intestinal crypts, are key determinants of governing proliferation and differentiation of the intestinal epithelium. The surrounding cells of ISCs and their related growth factors form ISC niche, supporting ISC function and self-renewal. ISC has an underappreciated but emerging role as a sensor of dietary nutrients, which fate decisions is adjusted in response to nutritional states to regulate gut homeostasis. Here, we review endogenous and exogenous factors, such as caloric restriction, fasting, fat, glucose and trace element. They instruct ISCs via mTORC1, PPAR/CPT1α, PPARγ/β-catenin, Wnt/GSK-3β pathway, respectively, jointly affect intestinal homeostasis. These dietary responses regulate ISC regenerative capacity and may be a potential target for cancer prevention. However, without precise definitions of nutrition intervene, it will be difficult to generate sufficient data to extending our knowledge of the biological response of ISC on nutrients. More accurately modeling organoids or high-throughput automated organoid culture in microcavity arrays have provided unprecedented opportunities for modeling diet-host interactions. These major advances collectively provide new insights into nutritional regulation of ISC proliferation and differentiation and drive us ever closer to breakthroughs for regenerative medicine and disease treatment by nutrition intervention in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunchen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lee J Johnston
- West Central Research & Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Morris, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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57
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Takehana S, Yang W, Tabata Y. Potential Method of Autophagy Imaging with Cationized Gelatin Nanospheres Incorporating Molecular Beacon. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2965-2975. [PMID: 35609115 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this research is to develop an imaging method with cationized gelatin nanospheres incorporating molecular beacon (cGNSMB) to visualize an autophagy activity in living cells. Cationized gelatin nanospheres (cGNS) were prepared by the conventional coacervation method, and then molecular beacon (MB) was incorporated into them. The cGNSMB prepared were internalized into cells at a high efficiency. In this study, a starvation medium of serum and amino acids-free was used to induce autophagy. The autophagy activity was confirmed by an immunofluorescence staining for microtubule-associated proteins light chain 3B (LC3B) of an autophagy specific protein. With the autophagy induction time, the number of LC3 fluorescent dots increased, which indicated an increased autophagy activity. As the autophagy-related genes, sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) and cathepsin F (CTSF), which up-regulate after autophagy induction, were chosen as the targets of cGNSMB. The fluorescence intensity of cGNSMB targeting to SQSTM1 and CTSF increased with the starvation treatment time, which well corresponded with the gene expression results. When applied to cells in different autophagy conditions, the cGNSMB visualized the autophagy activity corresponding with the autophagy condition of cells. From the results obtained, it was concluded that the cGNSMB provide a promising method to visualize the autophagy of cells. The advantage of cGNSMB visualization is to obtain the temporal and spatial information without destroying sample cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Takehana
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kawahara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Wenxuan Yang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kawahara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kawahara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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58
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Ma Y, He S, Huang J. DNA hydrogels as selective biomaterials for specifically capturing DNA, protein and bacteria. Acta Biomater 2022; 147:158-167. [PMID: 35584747 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ability to selectively capture biomacromolecules and other components from solution has many important applications in biotechnology. However, capturing targets from solution while minimizing interference with the sample solution is still challenging. Here, we describe the design and assembly of a group of DNA hydrogels consisting of long single-stranded DNA produced by rolling amplification reaction (RCA) and crosslinked by DNA duplexes. The developed DNA hydrogels can selectively capture and separate oligonucleotides, proteins and bacteria from solution in situ without complex separation processes. Since such DNA hydrogels can capture their targets in the solution independently, multiple DNA hydrogels that target different compounds can be employed to separate different compounds in the solution at the same time. The work not only expands the application of DNA hydrogels, but also paves the way for developing novel selective biomaterials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biomaterials capable of selectively capturing various components have great potential in the field of biotechnology. Here, we proposed a new class of hydrogel composed of crosslinked long DNA strands for selectively capturing DNA, protein and bacteria. Unlike traditional polymeric hydrogels that have small meshes and limit macromolecule diffusion owing to the short distance between two adjacent crosslinks, the described DNA hydrogel has a much larger distance between its crosslinks because of the sequence designability of DNA, which allows easy diffusion of biomacromolecules through its networks and greatly expand its specific surface area. Moreover, the developed DNA hydrogel can also easily combine different aptamers to target different components via the Watson-Crick base pairing without making significant changes in its original design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhou Ma
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shangwen He
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianyong Huang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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59
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Qazi TH, Blatchley MR, Davidson MD, Yavitt FM, Cooke ME, Anseth KS, Burdick JA. Programming hydrogels to probe spatiotemporal cell biology. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:678-691. [PMID: 35413278 PMCID: PMC9081204 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The recapitulation of complex microenvironments that regulate cell behavior during development, disease, and wound healing is key to understanding fundamental biological processes. In vitro, multicellular morphogenesis, organoid maturation, and disease modeling have traditionally been studied using either non-physiological 2D substrates or 3D biological matrices, neither of which replicate the spatiotemporal biochemical and biophysical complexity of biology. Here, we provide a guided overview of the recent advances in the programming of synthetic hydrogels that offer precise control over the spatiotemporal properties within cellular microenvironments, such as advances in the control of cell-driven remodeling, bioprinting, or user-defined manipulation of properties (e.g., via light irradiation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Taimoor H Qazi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael R Blatchley
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Matthew D Davidson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - F Max Yavitt
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Megan E Cooke
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Jason A Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.
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60
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Dong H, Li Z, Bian S, Song G, Song W, Zhang M, Xie H, Zheng S, Yang X, Li T, Song P. Culture of patient-derived multicellular clusters in suspended hydrogel capsules for pre-clinical personalized drug screening. Bioact Mater 2022; 18:164-177. [PMID: 35387168 PMCID: PMC8961426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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61
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Jia Y, Wei Z, Zhang S, Yang B, Li Y. Instructive Hydrogels for Primary Tumor Cell Culture: Current Status and Outlook. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102479. [PMID: 35182456 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Primary tumor organoids (PTOs) growth in hydrogels have emerged as an important in vitro model that recapitulates many characteristics of the native tumor tissue, and have important applications in fundamental cancer research and for the development of useful therapeutic treatment. This paper begins with reviewing the methods of isolation of primary tumor cells. Then, recent advances on the instructive hydrogels as biomimetic extracellular matrix for primary tumor cell culture and construction of PTO models are summarized. Emerging microtechnology for growth of PTOs in microscale hydrogels and the applications of PTOs are highlighted. This paper concludes with an outlook on the future directions in the investigation of instructive hydrogels for PTO growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 China
| | - Zhentong Wei
- Department of Oncologic Gynecology The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021 China
| | - Songling Zhang
- Department of Oncologic Gynecology The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021 China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 China
- Joint Laboratory of Opto‐Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021 China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 China
- Joint Laboratory of Opto‐Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021 China
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62
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Marques-Magalhães Â, Cruz T, Costa ÂM, Estêvão D, Rios E, Canão PA, Velho S, Carneiro F, Oliveira MJ, Cardoso AP. Decellularized Colorectal Cancer Matrices as Bioactive Scaffolds for Studying Tumor-Stroma Interactions. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020359. [PMID: 35053521 PMCID: PMC8773780 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
More than a physical structure providing support to tissues, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex and dynamic network of macromolecules that modulates the behavior of both cancer cells and associated stromal cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Over the last few years, several efforts have been made to develop new models that accurately mimic the interconnections within the TME and specifically the biomechanical and biomolecular complexity of the tumor ECM. Particularly in colorectal cancer, the ECM is highly remodeled and disorganized and constitutes a key component that affects cancer hallmarks, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Therefore, several scaffolds produced from natural and/or synthetic polymers and ceramics have been used in 3D biomimetic strategies for colorectal cancer research. Nevertheless, decellularized ECM from colorectal tumors is a unique model that offers the maintenance of native ECM architecture and molecular composition. This review will focus on innovative and advanced 3D-based models of decellularized ECM as high-throughput strategies in colorectal cancer research that potentially fill some of the gaps between in vitro 2D and in vivo models. Our aim is to highlight the need for strategies that accurately mimic the TME for precision medicine and for studying the pathophysiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Marques-Magalhães
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia Cruz
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângela Margarida Costa
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Estêvão
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Rios
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Amoroso Canão
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgia Velho
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Carneiro
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria José Oliveira
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Ana Patrícia Cardoso
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-22-607-4900
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63
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Huang Y, Huang Z, Tang Z, Chen Y, Huang M, Liu H, Huang W, Ye Q, Jia B. Research Progress, Challenges, and Breakthroughs of Organoids as Disease Models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:740574. [PMID: 34869324 PMCID: PMC8635113 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.740574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional cell lines and xenograft models have been widely recognized and used in research. As a new research model, organoids have made significant progress and development in the past 10 years. Compared with traditional models, organoids have more advantages and have been applied in cancer research, genetic diseases, infectious diseases, and regenerative medicine. This review presented the advantages and disadvantages of organoids in physiological development, pathological mechanism, drug screening, and organ transplantation. Further, this review summarized the current situation of vascularization, immune microenvironment, and hydrogel, which are the main influencing factors of organoids, and pointed out the future directions of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengming Tang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanxin Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingshu Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibo Huang
- Department of stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Corps Hospital, Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingsong Ye
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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64
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Zhu C, Wang Z, Cai J, Pan C, Lin S, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Leng M, He C, Zhou P, Wu C, Fang Y, Li Q, Li A, Liu S, Lai Q. VDR Signaling via the Enzyme NAT2 Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Progression. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:727704. [PMID: 34867333 PMCID: PMC8635240 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.727704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent epidemiological and preclinical evidence indicates that vitamin D3 inhibits colorectal cancer (CRC) progression, but the mechanism has not been completely elucidated. This study was designed to determine the protective effects of vitamin D3 and identify crucial targets and regulatory mechanisms in CRC. First, we confirmed that 1,25(OH)2D3, the active form of vitamin D3, suppressed the aggressive phenotype of CRC in vitro and in vivo. Based on a network pharmacological analysis, N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) was identified as a potential target of vitamin D3 against CRC. Clinical data of CRC patients from our hospital and bioinformatics analysis by online databases indicated that NAT2 was downregulated in CRC specimens and that the lower expression of NAT2 was correlated with a higher metastasis risk and lower survival rate of CRC patients. Furthermore, we found that NAT2 suppressed the proliferation and migration capacity of CRC cells, and the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway might be the underlying mechanism. Moreover, Western blot and immunofluorescence staining assays demonstrated that 1,25(OH)2D3 promoted NAT2 expression, and the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay indicated that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) transcriptionally regulated NAT2. These findings expand the potential uses of vitamin D3 against CRC and introduce VDR signaling via the enzyme NAT2 as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojun Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihuan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianqun Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunqiu Pan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Simin Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengxin Leng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengcheng He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peirong Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changjie Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingyuan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aimin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Side Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuhua Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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65
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Mahapatra C, Lee R, Paul MK. Emerging role and promise of nanomaterials in organoid research. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:890-899. [PMID: 34774765 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Organoids are 3D stem cell-derived self-organization of cells. Organoid bioengineering helps recreate and tailor their architecture in vitro to generate mini organ-like properties, providing the opportunity to study fundamental cell behavior in heterogeneous populations and as a tool to model various diseases. Nanomaterials (NMs) are becoming indispensable in regenerative medicine and in developing treatment modalities for various diseases. Therefore, organoid-NM interactions are set to gain traction for the development of advanced diagnostics and therapeutics. Here, we discuss the interactions of NMs with distinctive organoid types, organoid matrices, trafficking and cargo delivery, organs-on-a-chip, bioprinting, downstream therapeutic implications, and future approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmaya Mahapatra
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Ruda Lee
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Manash K Paul
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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66
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Seidlits SK, Kilian KA. Biomaterials for Personalized Disease Models. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:1-3. [PMID: 34503734 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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67
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Tang LJW, Zaseela A, Toh CCM, Adine C, Aydar AO, Iyer NG, Fong ELS. Engineering stromal heterogeneity in cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113817. [PMID: 34087326 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Based on our exponentially increasing knowledge of stromal heterogeneity from advances in single-cell technologies, the notion that stromal cell types exist as a spectrum of unique subpopulations that have specific functions and spatial distributions in the tumor microenvironment has significant impact on tumor modeling for drug development and personalized drug testing. In this Review, we discuss the importance of incorporating stromal heterogeneity and tumor architecture, and propose an overall approach to guide the reconstruction of stromal heterogeneity in vitro for tumor modeling. These next-generation tumor models may support the development of more precise drugs targeting specific stromal cell subpopulations, as well as enable improved recapitulation of patient tumors in vitro for personalized drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Jia Wei Tang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ayshath Zaseela
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Christabella Adine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Abdullah Omer Aydar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - N Gopalakrishna Iyer
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Eliza Li Shan Fong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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68
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Changes in Stem Cell Regulation and Epithelial Organisation during Carcinogenesis and Disease Progression in Gynaecological Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133349. [PMID: 34283069 PMCID: PMC8268501 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recent advances in our understanding of the stem cell potential in adult tissues have far-reaching implications for cancer research, and this creates new opportunities for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Here we outline changes in stem cell biology that characterize main gynaecological malignancies, ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancer, and focus on specific differences between them. We highlight the importance of the local niche environment as a driver of malignant transformation in addition to mutations in key cancer-driving genes. Patient-derived organoids capture in vitro main aspects of cancer tissue architecture and stemness regulatory mechanisms, thus providing a valuable new platform for a personalized approach in the treatment of gynecological malignancies. This review summarizes the main achievement and formulates remaining open questions in this fast-evolving research field. Abstract Gynaecological malignancies represent a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with vastly different aetiology, risk factors, molecular drivers, and disease outcomes. From HPV-driven cervical cancer where early screening and molecular diagnostics efficiently reduced the number of advanced-stage diagnosis, prevalent and relatively well-treated endometrial cancers, to highly aggressive and mostly lethal high-grade serous ovarian cancer, malignancies of the female genital tract have unique presentations and distinct cell biology features. Recent discoveries of stem cell regulatory mechanisms, development of organoid cultures, and NGS analysis have provided valuable insights into the basic biology of these cancers that could help advance new-targeted therapeutic approaches. This review revisits new findings on stemness and differentiation, considering main challenges and open questions. We focus on the role of stem cell niche and tumour microenvironment in early and metastatic stages of the disease progression and highlight the potential of patient-derived organoid models to study key events in tumour evolution, the appearance of resistance mechanisms, and as screening tools to enable personalisation of drug treatments.
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69
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Boso D, Carraro E, Maghin E, Todros S, Dedja A, Giomo M, Elvassore N, De Coppi P, Pavan PG, Piccoli M. Porcine Decellularized Diaphragm Hydrogel: A New Option for Skeletal Muscle Malformations. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070709. [PMID: 34206569 PMCID: PMC8301461 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are biomaterials that, thanks to their unique hydrophilic and biomimetic characteristics, are used to support cell growth and attachment and promote tissue regeneration. The use of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) from different tissues or organs significantly demonstrated to be far superior to other types of hydrogel since it recapitulates the native tissue’s ECM composition and bioactivity. Different muscle injuries and malformations require the application of patches or fillers to replenish the defect and boost tissue regeneration. Herein, we develop, produce, and characterize a porcine diaphragmatic dECM-derived hydrogel for diaphragmatic applications. We obtain a tissue-specific biomaterial able to mimic the complex structure of skeletal muscle ECM; we characterize hydrogel properties in terms of biomechanical properties, biocompatibility, and adaptability for in vivo applications. Lastly, we demonstrate that dECM-derived hydrogel obtained from porcine diaphragms can represent a useful biological product for diaphragmatic muscle defect repair when used as relevant acellular stand-alone patch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Boso
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy; (D.B.); (E.C.); (E.M.); (P.G.P.)
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Venezia 1, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Eugenia Carraro
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy; (D.B.); (E.C.); (E.M.); (P.G.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Maghin
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy; (D.B.); (E.C.); (E.M.); (P.G.P.)
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Venezia 1, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Silvia Todros
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Venezia 1, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Arben Dedja
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Monica Giomo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.G.); (N.E.)
| | - Nicola Elvassore
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.G.); (N.E.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via G. Orus 2, 35127 Padova, Italy
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), ShanghaiTech University, Y Building, No. 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK;
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK;
- Specialist Neonatal and Pediatric Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Piero Giovanni Pavan
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy; (D.B.); (E.C.); (E.M.); (P.G.P.)
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Venezia 1, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Martina Piccoli
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy; (D.B.); (E.C.); (E.M.); (P.G.P.)
- Correspondence:
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70
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Fernando K, Kwang LG, Lim JTC, Fong ELS. Hydrogels to engineer tumor microenvironments in vitro. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2362-2383. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01943g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Illustration of engineered hydrogel to recapitulate aspects of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanishka Fernando
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Leng Gek Kwang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Joanne Tze Chin Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Eliza Li Shan Fong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health
- National University of Singapore
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