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Kumar VA, Shi S, Wang BK, Li IC, Jalan AA, Sarkar B, Wickremasinghe NC, Hartgerink JD. Drug-triggered and cross-linked self-assembling nanofibrous hydrogels. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:4823-30. [PMID: 25831137 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of multidomain peptides (MDP) can be tailored to carry payloads that modulate the extracellular environment. Controlled release of growth factors, cytokines, and small-molecule drugs allows for unique control of in vitro and in vivo responses. In this study, we demonstrate this process of ionic cross-linking of peptides using multivalent drugs to create hydrogels for sustained long-term delivery of drugs. Using phosphate, heparin, clodronate, trypan, and suramin, we demonstrate the utility of this strategy. Although all multivalent anions result in good hydrogel formation, demonstrating the generality of this approach, suramin led to the formation of the best hydrogels per unit concentration and was studied in greater detail. Suramin ionically cross-linked MDP into a fibrous meshwork as determined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. We measured material storage and loss modulus using rheometry and showed a distinct increase in G' and G″ as a function of suramin concentration. Release of suramin from scaffolds was determined using UV spectroscopy and showed prolonged release over a 30 day period. Suramin bioavailability and function were demonstrated by attenuated M1 polarization of THP-1 cells compared to positive control. Overall, this design strategy has allowed for the development of a novel class of polymeric delivery vehicles with generally long-term release and, in the case of suramin, cross-linked hydrogels that can modulate cellular phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek A Kumar
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Mail Stop 602, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Siyu Shi
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Mail Stop 602, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Benjamin K Wang
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Mail Stop 602, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - I-Che Li
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Mail Stop 602, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Abhishek A Jalan
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Mail Stop 602, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Biplab Sarkar
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Mail Stop 602, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Navindee C Wickremasinghe
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Mail Stop 602, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Hartgerink
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Mail Stop 602, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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Le Rhun É, Dhermain F, Noël G, Reyns N, Carpentier A, Mandonnet E, Taillibert S, Metellus P. [ANOCEF guidelines for the management of brain metastases]. Cancer Radiother 2015; 19:66-71. [PMID: 25666314 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of brain metastases is increasing because of the use of new therapeutic agents, which allow an improvement of overall survival, but with only a poor penetration into the central nervous system brain barriers. The management of brain metastases has changed due to a better knowledge of immunohistochemical data and molecular biological data, the development of new surgical, radiotherapeutic approaches and improvement of systemic treatments. Most of the time, the prognosis is still limited to several months, nevertheless, prolonged survival may be now observed in some sub-groups of patients. The main prognostic factors include the type and subtype of the primitive, age, general status of the patient, number and location of brain metastases, extracerebral disease. The multidisciplinary discussion should take into account all of these parameters. We should notice also that treatments including surgery or radiotherapy may be proposed in a symptomatic goal in advanced phases of the disease underlying the multidisciplinary approach until late in the evolution of the disease. This article reports on the ANOCEF (French neuro-oncology association) guidelines. The management of brain metastases of breast cancers and lung cancers are discussed in the same chapter, while the management of melanoma brain metastases is reported in a separate chapter due to different responses to the brain radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- É Le Rhun
- Neuro-oncologie, département de neurochirurgie, hôpital Roger-Salengro, CHRU de Lille, rue Émile-Laine, 59037 Lille cedex, France; Oncologie médicale, centre Oscar-Lambret, 3, rue Frédéric-Combemale, BP 307, 59020 Lille cedex, France; Laboratoire Prism, université Lille 1, Inserm U1192, bâtiment SN3 1(er) étage, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France; Groupe de réflexion sur la prise en charge des métastases cérébrales (GRPCMaC) , 13273 Marseille cedex 09, France.
| | - F Dhermain
- Groupe de réflexion sur la prise en charge des métastases cérébrales (GRPCMaC) , 13273 Marseille cedex 09, France; Département de radiothérapie, institut de cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif cedex, France; Réunion de concertation pluridisciplinaire de neuro-oncologie, institut de cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif cedex, France
| | - G Noël
- Département universitaire de radiothérapie, centre de lutte contre le cancer Paul-Strauss, 3, rue de la Porte-de-l'Hôpital, BP 42, 67065 Strasbourg cedex, France; Laboratoire EA 3430, fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Kirschleger, 67085 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - N Reyns
- Département de neurochirurgie, hôpital Roger-Salengro, CHRU de Lille, rue Émile-Laine, 59037 Lille cedex, France
| | - A Carpentier
- Service de neurologie, hôpital Avicenne, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 125, rue de Stalingrad, 93009 Bobigny cedex, France
| | - E Mandonnet
- Département de neurochirurgie, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - S Taillibert
- Département de neurologie 2, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; Département de radiothérapie, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris VI, 4, place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - P Metellus
- Groupe de réflexion sur la prise en charge des métastases cérébrales (GRPCMaC) , 13273 Marseille cedex 09, France; Département de neurochirurgie, centre hospitalo-universitaire La Timone, AP-HM, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France; Centre de recherche en oncologie et oncopharmacologie (CRO2), faculté de médecine Timone, université Aix-Marseille, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France; Inserm U911, faculté de médecine Timone, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France
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Nance E, Zhang C, Shih TY, Xu Q, Schuster BS, Hanes J. Brain-penetrating nanoparticles improve paclitaxel efficacy in malignant glioma following local administration. ACS NANO 2014; 8:10655-64. [PMID: 25259648 PMCID: PMC4212792 DOI: 10.1021/nn504210g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Poor drug distribution and short drug half-life within tumors strongly limit efficacy of chemotherapies in most cancers, including primary brain tumors. Local or targeted drug delivery via controlled-release polymers is a promising strategy to treat infiltrative brain tumors, which cannot be completely removed surgically. However, drug penetration is limited with conventional local therapies since small-molecule drugs often enter the first cell they encounter and travel only short distances from the site of administration. Nanoparticles that avoid adhesive interactions with the tumor extracellular matrix may improve drug distribution and sustain drug release when applied to the tumor area. We have previously shown model polystyrene nanoparticles up to 114 nm in diameter were able to rapidly diffuse in normal brain tissue, but only if coated with an exceptionally dense layer of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to reduce adhesive interactions. Here, we demonstrate that paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-co-PEG block copolymer nanoparticles with an average diameter of 70 nm were able to diffuse 100-fold faster than similarly sized PTX-loaded PLGA particles (without PEG coatings). Densely PEGylated PTX-loaded nanoparticles significantly delayed tumor growth following local administration to established brain tumors, as compared to PTX-loaded PLGA nanoparticles or unencapsulated PTX. Delayed tumor growth combined with enhanced distribution of drug-loaded PLGA-PEG nanoparticles to the tumor infiltrative front demonstrates that particle penetration within the brain tumor parenchyma improves therapeutic efficacy. The use of drug-loaded brain-penetrating nanoparticles is a promising approach to achieve sustained and more uniform drug delivery to treat aggressive gliomas and potentially other brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Nance
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Ophthalmology, Deparments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, and Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Clark Zhang
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Ophthalmology, Deparments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, and Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Ting-Yu Shih
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Qingguo Xu
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Ophthalmology, Deparments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, and Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Benjamin S. Schuster
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Ophthalmology, Deparments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, and Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Justin Hanes
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Ophthalmology, Deparments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, and Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Address correspondence to
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Brun SN, Markant SL, Esparza LA, Garcia G, Terry D, Huang JM, Pavlyukov MS, Li XN, Grant GA, Crawford JR, Levy ML, Conway EM, Smith LH, Nakano I, Berezov A, Greene MI, Wang Q, Wechsler-Reya RJ. Survivin as a therapeutic target in Sonic hedgehog-driven medulloblastoma. Oncogene 2014; 34:3770-9. [PMID: 25241898 PMCID: PMC4369477 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a highly malignant brain tumor that occurs primarily in children. Although surgery, radiation and high-dose chemotherapy have led to increased survival, many MB patients still die from their disease, and patients who survive suffer severe long-term side effects as a consequence of treatment. Thus, more effective and less toxic therapies for MB are critically important. Development of such therapies depends in part on identification of genes that are necessary for growth and survival of tumor cells. Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis protein that regulates cell cycle progression and resistance to apoptosis, is frequently expressed in human MB and when expressed at high levels predicts poor clinical outcome. Therefore, we hypothesized that Survivin may have a critical role in growth and survival of MB cells and that targeting it may enhance MB therapy. Here we show that Survivin is overexpressed in tumors from patched (Ptch) mutant mice, a model of Sonic hedgehog (SHH)-driven MB. Genetic deletion of survivin in Ptch mutant tumor cells significantly inhibits proliferation and causes cell cycle arrest. Treatment with small-molecule antagonists of Survivin impairs proliferation and survival of both murine and human MB cells. Finally, Survivin antagonists impede growth of MB cells in vivo. These studies highlight the importance of Survivin in SHH-driven MB, and suggest that it may represent a novel therapeutic target in patients with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Brun
- 1] Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI)-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute (SBMRI), La Jolla, CA, USA [2] Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA [3] Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - S L Markant
- 1] Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI)-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute (SBMRI), La Jolla, CA, USA [2] Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA [3] Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - L A Esparza
- 1] Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI)-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute (SBMRI), La Jolla, CA, USA [2] Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - G Garcia
- Histopathology Core SBMRI, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - D Terry
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, SBMRI, Lake Nona, FL, USA
| | - J-M Huang
- Cedars-Sinai Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M S Pavlyukov
- 1] Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA [2] James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - X-N Li
- Brain Tumor Program, Texas Children's Cancer Center, and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - G A Grant
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University/Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J R Crawford
- 1] Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA [2] Departments of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA [3] Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - M L Levy
- 1] Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA [2] Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - E M Conway
- Centre for Blood Research, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - L H Smith
- 1] Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, SBMRI, Lake Nona, FL, USA [2] Cardiopathobiology Program, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, Lake Nona, FL, USA
| | - I Nakano
- 1] Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA [2] James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - A Berezov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M I Greene
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Q Wang
- Cedars-Sinai Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R J Wechsler-Reya
- 1] Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI)-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute (SBMRI), La Jolla, CA, USA [2] Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA [3] Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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55
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Mattei TA, Rehman AA. "Extremely minimally invasive": recent advances in nanotechnology research and future applications in neurosurgery. Neurosurg Rev 2014; 38:27-37; discussion 37. [PMID: 25173621 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-014-0566-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The term "nanotechnology" refers to the development of materials and devices that have been designed with specific properties at the nanometer scale (10(-9) m), usually being less than 100 nm in size. Recent advances in nanotechnology have promised to enable visualization and intervention at the subcellular level, and its incorporation to future medical therapeutics is expected to bring new avenues for molecular imaging, targeted drug delivery, and personalized interventions. Although the central nervous system presents unique challenges to the implementation of new therapeutic strategies involving nanotechnology (such as the heterogeneous molecular environment of different CNS regions, the existence of multiple processing centers with different cytoarchitecture, and the presence of the blood-brain barrier), numerous studies have demonstrated that the incorporation of nanotechnology resources into the armamentarium of neurosurgery may lead to breakthrough advances in the near future. In this article, the authors present a critical review on the current 'state-of-the-art' of basic research in nanotechnology with special attention to those issues which present the greatest potential to generate major therapeutic progresses in the neurosurgical field, including nanoelectromechanical systems, nano-scaffolds for neural regeneration, sutureless anastomosis, molecular imaging, targeted drug delivery, and theranostic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A Mattei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain & Spine Center-InvisionHealth/Buffalo-NY, 400 International Dr., Buffalo, NY, ZIP 14221, USA,
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Pinzón-Daza ML, Salaroglio IC, Kopecka J, Garzòn R, Couraud PO, Ghigo D, Riganti C. The cross-talk between canonical and non-canonical Wnt-dependent pathways regulates P-glycoprotein expression in human blood-brain barrier cells. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2014; 34:1258-69. [PMID: 24896565 PMCID: PMC4126086 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we investigate if and how transducers of the 'canonical' Wnt pathway, i.e., Wnt/glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)/β-catenin, and transducers of the 'non-canonical' Wnt pathway, i.e., Wnt/RhoA/RhoA kinase (RhoAK), cooperate to control the expression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) in blood-brain barrier (BBB) cells. By analyzing human primary brain microvascular endothelial cells constitutively activated for RhoA, silenced for RhoA or treated with the RhoAK inhibitor Y27632, we found that RhoAK phosphorylated and activated the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), which dephosphorylated tyrosine 216 of GSK3, decreasing the GSK3-mediated inhibition of β-catenin. By contrast, the inhibition of RhoA/RhoAK axis prevented the activation of PTP1B, enhanced the GSK3-induced phosphorylation and ubiquitination of β-catenin, and reduced the β-catenin-driven transcription of Pgp. The RhoAK inhibition increased the delivery of Pgp substrates like doxorubicin across the BBB and improved the doxorubicin efficacy against glioblastoma cells co-cultured under a BBB monolayer. Our data demonstrate that in human BBB cells the expression of Pgp is controlled by a cross-talk between canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways. The disruption of this cross-talk, e.g., by inhibiting RhoAK, downregulates Pgp and increases the delivery of Pgp substrates across the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha L Pinzón-Daza
- 1] Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy [2] Unidad de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Iris C Salaroglio
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ruth Garzòn
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Pierre-Olivier Couraud
- Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U567, Université René Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Dario Ghigo
- 1] Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy [2] Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- 1] Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy [2] Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Ahmed S, Hayashi F, Nagashima T, Matsumura K. Protein cytoplasmic delivery using polyampholyte nanoparticles and freeze concentration. Biomaterials 2014; 35:6508-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Woodworth GF, Dunn GP, Nance EA, Hanes J, Brem H. Emerging insights into barriers to effective brain tumor therapeutics. Front Oncol 2014; 4:126. [PMID: 25101239 PMCID: PMC4104487 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is great promise that ongoing advances in the delivery of therapeutics to the central nervous system (CNS) combined with rapidly expanding knowledge of brain tumor patho-biology will provide new, more effective therapies. Brain tumors that form from brain cells, as opposed to those that come from other parts of the body, rarely metastasize outside of the CNS. Instead, the tumor cells invade deep into the brain itself, causing disruption in brain circuits, blood vessel and blood flow changes, and tissue swelling. Patients with the most common and deadly form, glioblastoma (GBM) rarely live more than 2 years even with the most aggressive treatments and often with devastating neurological consequences. Current treatments include maximal safe surgical removal or biopsy followed by radiation and chemotherapy to address the residual tumor mass and invading tumor cells. However, delivering effective and sustained treatments to these invading cells without damaging healthy brain tissue is a major challenge and focus of the emerging fields of nanomedicine and viral and cell-based therapies. New treatment strategies, particularly those directed against the invasive component of this devastating CNS disease, are sorely needed. In this review, we (1) discuss the history and evolution of treatments for GBM, (2) define and explore three critical barriers to improving therapeutic delivery to invasive brain tumors, specifically, the neuro-vascular unit as it relates to the blood brain barrier, the extra-cellular space in regard to the brain penetration barrier, and the tumor genetic heterogeneity and instability in association with the treatment efficacy barrier, and (3) identify promising new therapeutic delivery approaches that have the potential to address these barriers and create sustained, meaningful efficacy against GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme F Woodworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Gavin P Dunn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pathology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO , USA
| | - Elizabeth A Nance
- Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Justin Hanes
- Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA ; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA ; Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Henry Brem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
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Liu Y, Ran R, Chen J, Kuang Q, Tang J, Mei L, Zhang Q, Gao H, Zhang Z, He Q. Paclitaxel loaded liposomes decorated with a multifunctional tandem peptide for glioma targeting. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4835-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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60
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Basavaraj S, Betageri GV. Can formulation and drug delivery reduce attrition during drug discovery and development-review of feasibility, benefits and challenges. Acta Pharm Sin B 2014; 4:3-17. [PMID: 26579359 PMCID: PMC4590717 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug discovery and development has become longer and costlier process. The fear of failure and stringent regulatory review process is driving pharmaceutical companies towards “me too” drugs and improved generics (505(b) (2)) fillings. The discontinuance of molecules at late stage clinical trials is common these years. The molecules are withdrawn at various stages of discovery and development process for reasons such as poor ADME properties, lack of efficacy and safety reasons. Hence this review focuses on possible applications of formulation and drug delivery to salvage molecules and improve the drugability. The formulation and drug delivery technologies are suitable for addressing various issues contributing to attrition are discussed in detail.
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61
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Study and evaluation of mechanisms of dual targeting drug delivery system with tumor microenvironment assays compared with normal assays. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:858-67. [PMID: 24239900 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A dual targeting delivery system was developed to completely conquer the two barriers that glioma treatment faces: the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the brain-glioma barrier. Recently, a system comprising AS1411 aptamer (for glioma targeting) and TGN peptide (for BBB targeting) modified nanoparticles (AsTNPs) was developed, which can effectively target brain glioma and improve the survival of glioma-bearing mice. However, the in vitro models currently used are far too different from the in vivo tumor microenvironment that the glioma targeting delivery system actually faces. In this study, the pharmacology mechanisms of AsTNPs were explored in several models that imitated the tumor microenvironment. AsTNPs can be selectively taken up by endothelial and glioma cells, effectively penetrating the BBB and brain-glioma barriers to reach glioma cells and display their anti-glioma effect. The cell monolayers, tumor spheroids and coculture systems were more suitable in vitro models for the pharmacology evaluation of targeted drug delivery systems.
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Riganti C, Salaroglio IC, Pinzòn-Daza ML, Caldera V, Campia I, Kopecka J, Mellai M, Annovazzi L, Couraud PO, Bosia A, Ghigo D, Schiffer D. Temozolomide down-regulates P-glycoprotein in human blood-brain barrier cells by disrupting Wnt3 signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:499-516. [PMID: 23771630 PMCID: PMC11113102 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Low delivery of many anticancer drugs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a limitation to the success of chemotherapy in glioblastoma. This is because of the high levels of ATP-binding cassette transporters like P-glycoprotein (Pgp/ABCB1), which effluxes drugs back to the bloodstream. Temozolomide is one of the few agents able to cross the BBB; its effects on BBB cells permeability and Pgp activity are not known. We found that temozolomide, at therapeutic concentration, increased the transport of Pgp substrates across human brain microvascular endothelial cells and decreased the expression of Pgp. By methylating the promoter of Wnt3 gene, temozolomide lowers the endogenous synthesis of Wnt3 in BBB cells, disrupts the Wnt3/glycogen synthase kinase 3/β-catenin signaling, and reduces the binding of β-catenin on the promoter of mdr1 gene, which encodes for Pgp. In co-culture models of BBB cells and human glioblastoma cells, pre-treatment with temozolomide increases the delivery, cytotoxicity, and antiproliferative effects of doxorubicin, vinblastine, and topotecan, three substrates of Pgp that are usually poorly delivered across BBB. Our work suggests that temozolomide increases the BBB permeability of drugs that are normally effluxed by Pgp back to the bloodstream. These findings may pave the way to new combinatorial chemotherapy schemes in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Via Santena, 5/bis, 10126, Turin, Italy,
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Frigell J, García I, Gómez-Vallejo V, Llop J, Penadés S. 68Ga-labeled gold glyconanoparticles for exploring blood-brain barrier permeability: preparation, biodistribution studies, and improved brain uptake via neuropeptide conjugation. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 136:449-57. [PMID: 24320878 DOI: 10.1021/ja411096m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
New tools and techniques to improve brain visualization and assess drug permeability across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are critically needed. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a highly sensitive, noninvasive technique that allows the evaluation of the BBB permeability under normal and disease-state conditions. In this work, we have developed the synthesis of novel water-soluble and biocompatible glucose-coated gold nanoparticles (GNPs) carrying BBB-permeable neuropeptides and a chelator of the positron emitter (68)Ga as a PET reporter for in vivo tracking biodistribution. The small GNPs (2 nm) are stabilized and solubilized by a glucose conjugate. A NOTA ligand is the chelating agent for the (68)Ga, and two related opioid peptides are used as targeting ligands for improving BBB crossing. The radioactive labeling of the GNPs is completed in 30 min at 70 °C followed by purification via centrifugal filtration. As a proof of principle, a biodistribution study in rats is performed for the different (68)Ga-GNPs. The accumulation of radioactivity in different organs after intravenous administration is measured by whole body PET imaging and gamma counter measurements of selected organs. The biodistribution of the (68)Ga-GNPs varies depending on the ligands, as GNPs with the same gold core size show different distribution profiles. One of the targeted (68)Ga-GNPs improves BBB crossing near 3-fold (0.020 ± 0.0050% ID/g) compared to nontargeted GNPs (0.0073 ± 0.0024% ID/g) as measured by dissection and tissue counting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Frigell
- Laboratory of GlycoNanotechnology, Biofunctional Nanomaterials Unit, CIC biomaGUNE, ‡CIBER-BBN, and §Radiochemistry Department, Molecular Imaging Unit, CIC biomaGUNE, Parque Tecnológico , Paseo Miramón 182, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
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64
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van der Sanden B, Appaix F, Berger F, Selek L, Issartel JP, Wion D. Translation of the ecological trap concept to glioma therapy: the cancer cell trap concept. Future Oncol 2013; 9:817-24. [PMID: 23718302 DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Viewing tumors as ecosystems offers the opportunity to consider how ecological concepts can be translated to novel therapeutic perspectives. The ecological trap concept emerged approximately half a century ago when it was observed that animals can prefer an environment of low quality for survival over other available environments of higher quality. The presence of such a trap can drive a local population to extinction. The cancer cell trap concept is the translation of the ecological trap into glioma therapy. It exploits and diverts the invasive potential of glioma cells by guiding their migration towards specific locations where a local therapy can be delivered efficiently. This illustrates how an ecological concept can change therapeutic obstacles into therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boudewijn van der Sanden
- INSERM U836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Université Joseph Fourier, CHU Michallon, Grenoble, France
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65
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Christensen HL, Nguyen AT, Pedersen FD, Damkier HH. Na(+) dependent acid-base transporters in the choroid plexus; insights from slc4 and slc9 gene deletion studies. Front Physiol 2013; 4:304. [PMID: 24155723 PMCID: PMC3804831 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus epithelium (CPE) is located in the ventricular system of the brain, where it secretes the majority of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that fills the ventricular system and surrounds the central nervous system. The CPE is a highly vascularized single layer of cuboidal cells with an unsurpassed transepithelial water and solute transport rate. Several members of the slc4a family of bicarbonate transporters are expressed in the CPE. In the basolateral membrane the electroneutral Na+ dependent Cl−/HCO3− exchanger, NCBE (slc4a10) is expressed. In the luminal membrane, the electrogenic Na+:HCO3− cotransporter, NBCe2 (slc4a5) is expressed. The electroneutral Na+:HCO3− cotransporter, NBCn1 (slc4a7), has been located in both membranes. In addition to the bicarbonate transporters, the Na+/H+ exchanger, NHE1 (slc9a1), is located in the luminal membrane of the CPE. Genetically modified mice targeting slc4a2, slc4a5, slc4a7, slc4a10, and slc9a1 have been generated. Deletion of slc4a5, 7 or 10, or slc9a1 has numerous impacts on CP function and structure in these mice. Removal of the transporters affects brain ventricle size (slc4a5 and slc4a10) and intracellular pH regulation (slc4a7 and slc4a10). In some instances, removal of the proteins from the CPE (slc4a5, 7, and 10) causes changes in abundance and localization of non-target transporters known to be involved in pH regulation and CSF secretion. The focus of this review is to combine the insights gathered from these knockout mice to highlight the impact of slc4 gene deletion on the CSF production and intracellular pH regulation resulting from the deletion of slc4a5, 7 and 10, and slc9a1. Furthermore, the review contains a comparison of the described human mutations of these genes to the findings in the knockout studies. Finally, the future perspective of utilizing these proteins as potential targets for the treatment of CSF disorders will be discussed.
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66
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Balyasnikova IV, Prasol MS, Ferguson SD, Han Y, Ahmed AU, Gutova M, Tobias AL, Mustafi D, Rincón E, Zhang L, Aboody KS, Lesniak MS. Intranasal delivery of mesenchymal stem cells significantly extends survival of irradiated mice with experimental brain tumors. Mol Ther 2013; 22:140-8. [PMID: 24002694 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment options of glioblastoma multiforme are limited due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this study, we investigated the utility of intranasal (IN) delivery as a means of transporting stem cell-based antiglioma therapeutics. We hypothesized that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) delivered via nasal application could impart therapeutic efficacy when expressing TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in a model of human glioma. ¹¹¹In-oxine, histology and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were utilized to track MSCs within the brain and associated tumor. We demonstrate that MSCs can penetrate the brain from nasal cavity and infiltrate intracranial glioma xenografts in a mouse model. Furthermore, irradiation of tumor-bearing mice tripled the penetration of (¹¹¹In)-oxine-labeled MSCs in the brain with a fivefold increase in cerebellum. Significant increase in CXCL12 expression was observed in irradiated xenograft tissue, implicating a CXCL12-dependent mechanism of MSCs migration towards irradiated glioma xenografts. Finally, MSCs expressing TRAIL improved the median survival of irradiated mice bearing intracranial U87 glioma xenografts in comparison with nonirradiated and irradiated control mice. Cumulatively, our data suggest that IN delivery of stem cell-based therapeutics is a feasible and highly efficacious treatment modality, allowing for repeated application of modified stem cells to target malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Balyasnikova
- Department of Surgery, The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Melanie S Prasol
- Department of Surgery, The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sherise D Ferguson
- Department of Surgery, The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Surgery, The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Atique U Ahmed
- Department of Surgery, The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Margarita Gutova
- Department of Neurosciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Alex L Tobias
- Department of Surgery, The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Devkumar Mustafi
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Esther Rincón
- Department of Surgery, The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lingjiao Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Department of Neurosciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Surgery, The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Horowitz PM, Chiocca EA. Nanotechnology-based strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of intracranial neoplasms. World Neurosurg 2013; 80:53-5. [PMID: 23416779 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2013.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peleg M Horowitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Institute for the Neurosciences at the Brigham and Women's/Faulkner Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Neuro-oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Nance EA, Woodworth GF, Sailor KA, Shih TY, Xu Q, Swaminathan G, Xiang D, Eberhart C, Hanes J. A dense poly(ethylene glycol) coating improves penetration of large polymeric nanoparticles within brain tissue. Sci Transl Med 2013; 4:149ra119. [PMID: 22932224 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 429] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Prevailing opinion suggests that only substances up to 64 nm in diameter can move at appreciable rates through the brain extracellular space (ECS). This size range is large enough to allow diffusion of signaling molecules, nutrients, and metabolic waste products, but too small to allow efficient penetration of most particulate drug delivery systems and viruses carrying therapeutic genes, thereby limiting effectiveness of many potential therapies. We analyzed the movements of nanoparticles of various diameters and surface coatings within fresh human and rat brain tissue ex vivo and mouse brain in vivo. Nanoparticles as large as 114 nm in diameter diffused within the human and rat brain, but only if they were densely coated with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Using these minimally adhesive PEG-coated particles, we estimated that human brain tissue ECS has some pores larger than 200 nm and that more than one-quarter of all pores are ≥ 100 nm. These findings were confirmed in vivo in mice, where 40- and 100-nm, but not 200-nm, nanoparticles spread rapidly within brain tissue, only if densely coated with PEG. Similar results were observed in rat brain tissue with paclitaxel-loaded biodegradable nanoparticles of similar size (85 nm) and surface properties. The ability to achieve brain penetration with larger nanoparticles is expected to allow more uniform, longer-lasting, and effective delivery of drugs within the brain, and may find use in the treatment of brain tumors, stroke, neuroinflammation, and other brain diseases where the blood-brain barrier is compromised or where local delivery strategies are feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Nance
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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69
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[Systemic treatment of brain metastases from breast cancer: cytotoxic chemotherapy and targeted therapies]. Bull Cancer 2013; 100:7-14. [PMID: 23305997 DOI: 10.1684/bdc.2012.1676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Prevalence of brain metastases is increasing in breast cancer. Brain metastases represent a poor-prognosis disease for which local treatments continue to play a major role. In spite of the presence of a physiological blood-brain barrier limiting their activity, some systemic treatments may display a significant antitumor activity at the central nervous system level. In HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer with brain metastases not previously treated with whole brain radiotherapy, capecitabine and lapatinib combination obtains a volumetric reponse in two thirds of patients (LANDSCAPE study). If confirmed, these results could modify in selected patients the layout of therapeutic strategies. Promoting novel targeted approaches and innovative therapeutic combinations is a critical need to improve survival of breast cancer patients with brain metastases.
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70
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Chen PY, Ozawa T, Drummond DC, Kalra A, Fitzgerald JB, Kirpotin DB, Wei KC, Butowski N, Prados MD, Berger MS, Forsayeth JR, Bankiewicz K, James CD. Comparing routes of delivery for nanoliposomal irinotecan shows superior anti-tumor activity of local administration in treating intracranial glioblastoma xenografts. Neuro Oncol 2012; 15:189-97. [PMID: 23262509 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liposomal drug packaging is well established as an effective means for increasing drug half-life, sustaining drug activity, and increasing drug efficacy, whether administered locally or distally to the site of disease. However, information regarding the relative effectiveness of peripheral (distal) versus local administration of liposomal therapeutics is limited. This issue is of importance with respect to the treatment of central nervous system cancer, for which the blood-brain barrier presents a significant challenge in achieving sufficient drug concentration in tumors to provide treatment benefit for patients. METHODS We compared the anti-tumor activity and efficacy of a nanoliposomal formulation of irinotecan when delivered peripherally by vascular route with intratumoral administration by convection-enhanced delivery (CED) for treating intracranial glioblastoma xenografts in athymic mice. RESULTS Our results show significantly greater anti-tumor activity and survival benefit from CED of nanoliposomal irinotecan. In 2 of 3 efficacy experiments, there were animal subjects that experienced apparent cure of tumor from local administration of therapy, as indicated by a lack of detectable intracranial tumor through bioluminescence imaging and histopathologic analysis. Results from investigating the effectiveness of combination therapy with nanoliposomal irinotecan plus radiation revealed that CED administration of irinotecan plus radiation conferred greater survival benefit than did irinotecan or radiation monotherapy and also when compared with radiation plus vascularly administered irinotecan. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that liposomal formulation plus direct intratumoral administration of therapeutic are important for maximizing the anti-tumor effects of irinotecan and support clinical trial evaluation of this therapeutic plus route of administration combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Yuan Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 1450 Third Street, Room HD-283, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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71
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Cuomo F, Mosca M, Murgia S, Ceglie A, Lopez F. Oligonucleotides and polynucleotides condensation onto liposome surface: effects of the base and of the nucleotide length. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 104:239-44. [PMID: 23337119 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The association behavior of different nucleic acids with cationic liposomes has been monitored, in order to find out how the polymer length, the type of base and the charge density affect the lipoplex formation. In particular the associative features displayed by the homopolymer 20-mer of adenine, Oligo (dA), of timine, Oligo (dT), and of guanine, Oligo (dG), were compared to understand the role of the base. The effects of the nucleic acid length and of the charge density were evaluated taking account of the association of the polyadenylic acid and of the DNA onto the liposomes. The results show that the homopolymer Oligo (dG) is able to interact with the cationic liposomes to the same extent as DNA, in spite of the fact that Oligo (dG) is a short polymer made of 20 residues and DNA is a longer and dual strand polymer having a higher charge density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cuomo
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti (DIAAA) and CSGI, Università degli studi del Molise, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy.
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Khanbabaie R, Jahanshahi M. Revolutionary impact of nanodrug delivery on neuroscience. Curr Neuropharmacol 2012; 10:370-92. [PMID: 23730260 PMCID: PMC3520046 DOI: 10.2174/157015912804143513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain research is the most expanding interdisciplinary research that is using the state of the art techniques to overcome limitations in order to conduct more accurate and effective experiments. Drug delivery to the target site in the central nervous system (CNS) is one of the most difficult steps in neuroscience researches and therapies. Taking advantage of the nanoscale structure of neural cells (both neurons and glia); nanodrug delivery (second generation of biotechnological products) has a potential revolutionary impact into the basic understanding, visualization and therapeutic applications of neuroscience. Current review article firstly provides an overview of preparation and characterization, purification and separation, loading and delivering of nanodrugs. Different types of nanoparticle bioproducts and a number of methods for their fabrication and delivery systems including (carbon) nanotubes are explained. In the second part, neuroscience and nervous system drugs are deeply investigated. Different mechanisms in which nanoparticles enhance the uptake and clearance of molecules form cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are discussed. The focus is on nanodrugs that are being used or have potential to improve neural researches, diagnosis and therapy of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Khanbabaie
- Nanotechnology Research Institute, Babol University of Technology, Babol, Iran
- Faculty of Basic Science, Department of Physics, Babol University of Technology, Babol, Iran
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mohsen Jahanshahi
- Nanotechnology Research Institute, Babol University of Technology, Babol, Iran
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Babol University of Technology, Babol, Iran
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Gao H, Yang Z, Cao S, Xi Z, Zhang S, Pang Z, Jiang X. Behavior and anti-glioma effect of lapatinib-incorporated lipoprotein-like nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:435101. [PMID: 23060604 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/43/435101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the investigation was to prepare a new type of nanoparticle, namely lapatinib-incorporated lipoprotein-like nanoparticles (LTNPs), and to evaluate the behavior and anti-glioma effect of LTNPs. LTNPs were prepared and characterized using the Cyro-transmission electron microscope (Cryo-TEM) and Raman scan methods. Cellular uptake and subcellular localization studies were performed to evaluate the in vitro behavior of LTNPs. An in vivo imaging technique was used for the evaluation of the targeting of LTNPs. To study the anti-glioma effect, glioma xenografts were used. The particle size of LTNPs was 92.6 nm, and the zeta potential was 28.40 mV. LTNPs contained a surface layer that was obviously different from the core, according to the Cryo-TEM analysis. A Raman scan analysis demonstrated the incorporation of lapatinib in LTNPs, and it also revealed a structure different from free lapatinib. The uptake of LTNP by U87 cells occurred in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. According to the subcellular study, the uptake of LTNPs was endosome mediated. LTNPs could distribute and accumulate in the tumor site by an enhanced permeation and retention effect. Both LTNPs (10 mg kg(-1)) and LTNPs (30 mg kg(-1)) could significantly inhibit the growth of U87 xenografts. For a similar antitumor effect, the required cumulative dose of LTNPs was only 5% compared to that of Tykerb (the commercial formulation of lapatinib). This study demonstrated the effective uptake of LTNPs by U87 cells, the passive targeting of LTNPs at tumors and the better antitumor effect of LTNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
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Gao H, Qian J, Cao S, Yang Z, Pang Z, Pan S, Fan L, Xi Z, Jiang X, Zhang Q. Precise glioma targeting of and penetration by aptamer and peptide dual-functioned nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2012; 33:5115-23. [PMID: 22484043 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of a brain glioma is still one of the most difficult challenges in oncology. To effectively treat brain glioma and reduce the side effects, drugs must be transported across the blood brain barrier (BBB) and then targeted to the brain cancer cells because most anti-tumor drugs are highly toxic to the normal brain tissue. A cascade delivery strategy was developed to perform these two aims and to achieve enhanced and precisely targeted delivery. Herein, we utilize a phage-displayed TGN peptide and an AS1411 aptamer, which are specific targeting ligands of the BBB and cancer cells, respectively and we conjugate them with nanoparticles to establish the brain glioma cascade delivery system (AsTNP). In vitro cell uptake and three-dimensional tumor spheroid penetration studies demonstrated that the system could not only target endothelial and tumor cells but also penetrate the endothelial monolayers and tumor cells to reach the core of the tumor spheroids, which was extremely important but mostly ignored in glioma therapy. In vivo imaging further demonstrated that the AsTNP provided the highest tumor distribution and tumor/normal brain ratio. The distribution was also reconfirmed by fluorescent images of the brain slides. As a result, the docetaxel-loaded AsTNP presents the best anti-glioma effect with improved glioma bearing survival. In conclusion, the AsTNP could precisely target to the brain glioma, which was a valuable target for glioma imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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