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Stoll G, Enot D, Mlecnik B, Galon J, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G. Immune-related gene signatures predict the outcome of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e27884. [PMID: 24790795 PMCID: PMC4004621 DOI: 10.4161/onci.27884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is ample evidence that neoadjuvant chemotherapy of breast carcinoma is particularly efficient if the tumor presents signs of either a pre-existent or therapy-induced anticancer immune response. Antineoplastic chemotherapies are particularly beneficial if they succeed in inducing immunogenic cell death, hence converting the tumor into its own therapeutic vaccine. Immunogenic cell death is characterized by a pre-mortem stress response including endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy. Based on these premises, we attempted to identify metagenes that reflect an intratumoral immune response or local stress responses in the transcriptomes of breast cancer patients. No consistent correlations between immune- and stress-related metagenes could be identified across several cohorts of patients, representing a total of 1045 mammary carcinomas. Moreover, few if any, of the stress-relevant metagenes influenced the probability of pathological complete response to chemotherapy. In contrast, several immune-relevant metagenes had a significant positive impact on response rates. This applies in particular to a CXCL13-centered, highly reproducible metagene signature reflecting the intratumoral presence of interferon-γ-producing T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautier Stoll
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer ; Cordeliers Research Center; INSERM U1138; Paris, France
| | - David Enot
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
| | - Bernhard Mlecnik
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France ; Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology; INSERM U1138; Paris, France ; Cordeliers Research Center; Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6; Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Galon
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France ; Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology; INSERM U1138; Paris, France ; Cordeliers Research Center; Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6; Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- INSERM U1015; Villejuif, France ; Faculté de Médecine; Université Paris Sud; Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France ; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 507; Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer ; Cordeliers Research Center; INSERM U1138; Paris, France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP; Paris, France
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Tel J, Anguille S, Waterborg CEJ, Smits EL, Figdor CG, de Vries IJM. Tumoricidal activity of human dendritic cells. Trends Immunol 2013; 35:38-46. [PMID: 24262387 PMCID: PMC7106406 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human DC subsets can exert tumoricidal activity. Killer DCs exploit several mechanisms for direct killing of target cells, including TRAIL and granzyme B. Antigen presentation and/or IFN production are important additional effector functions. Killer DCs are promising targets for immunotherapeutic strategies.
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a family of professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that are able to initiate innate and adaptive immune responses against pathogens and tumor cells. The DC family is heterogeneous and is classically divided into two main subsets, each with its unique phenotypic and functional characteristics: myeloid DCs (mDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). Recent results have provided intriguing evidence that both DC subsets can also function as direct cytotoxic effector cells; in particular, against cancer cells. In this review, we delve into this understudied function of human DCs and discuss why these so-called killer DCs might become important tools in future cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurjen Tel
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sébastien Anguille
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Claire E J Waterborg
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien L Smits
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Carl G Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I Jolanda M de Vries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Mathan TSMM, Figdor CG, Buschow SI. Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells: from molecules to intercellular communication network. Front Immunol 2013; 4:372. [PMID: 24282405 PMCID: PMC3825182 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a specific subset of naturally occurring dendritic cells, that secrete large amounts of Type I interferon and play an important role in the immune response against viral infection. Several studies have highlighted that they are also effective antigen presenting cells, making them an interesting target for immunotherapy against cancer. However, the modes of action of pDCs are not restricted to antigen presentation and IFN secretion alone. In this review we will highlight a selection of cell surface proteins expressed by human pDCs that may facilitate communication with other immune cells, and we will discuss the implications of these molecules for pDC-driven immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till S M Manuel Mathan
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre , Nijmegen , Netherlands
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Di J, Duiveman-de Boer T, Figdor CG, Torensma R. Aiming to immune elimination of ovarian cancer stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2013; 5:149-162. [PMID: 24179603 PMCID: PMC3812519 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v5.i4.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer accounts for only 3% of all cancers in women, but it causes more deaths than any other gynecologic cancer. Treatment with chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery shows a good response to the therapy. However, in a large proportion of the patients the tumor grows back within a few years. Cancer stem cells, that are less responsive to these treatments, are blamed for this recurrence of disease. Immune therapy either cellular or humoral is a novel concept to treat cancer. It is based on the notice that immune cells invade the tumor. However, the tumor invest heavily to escape from immune elimination by recruiting several immune suppressive mechanisms. These processes are normally in place to limit excessive immune activation and prevent autoimmune phenomena. Here, we discuss current knowledge about the immune (suppressive) status in ovarian cancer. Moreover, we discuss the immunological targets of ovarian cancer stem cells.
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DC-LAMP+ dendritic cells are recruited to gastric lymphoid follicles in Helicobacter pylori-infected individuals. Infect Immun 2013; 81:3684-92. [PMID: 23876802 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00801-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Helicobacter pylori is associated with development of ulcer disease and gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma. The infection leads to a large infiltration of immune cells and the formation of organized lymphoid follicles in the human gastric mucosa. Still, the immune system fails to eradicate the bacteria, and the substantial regulatory T cell (Treg) response elicited is probably a major factor permitting bacterial persistence. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that can activate naive T cells, and maturation of DCs is crucial for the initiation of primary immune responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and localization of mature human DCs in H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa. Gastric antral biopsy specimens were collected from patients with H. pylori-associated gastritis and healthy volunteers, and antrum tissue was collected from patients undergoing gastric resection. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry showed that DCs expressing the maturation marker dendritic cell lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein (DC-LAMP; CD208) are enriched in the H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa and that these DCs are specifically localized within or close to lymphoid follicles. Gastric DC-LAMP-positive (DC-LAMP(+)) DCs express CD11c and high levels of HLA-DR but little CD80, CD83, and CD86. Furthermore, immunofluorescence analyses demonstrated that DC-LAMP(+) DCs are in the same location as FoxP3-positive putative Tregs in the follicles. In conclusion, we show that DC-LAMP(+) DCs with low costimulatory capacity accumulate in the lymphoid follicles in human H. pylori-infected gastric tissue, and our results suggest that Treg-DC interactions may promote chronic infection by rendering gastric DCs tolerogenic.
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Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells efficiently cross-present exogenous Ags to CD8+ T cells despite lower Ag uptake than myeloid dendritic cell subsets. Blood 2013; 121:459-67. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-06-435644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In human peripheral blood, 4 populations of dendritic cells (DCs) can be distinguished, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and CD16+, CD1c+, and BDCA-3+ myeloid DCs (mDCs), each with distinct functional characteristics. DCs have the unique capacity to cross-present exogenously encountered antigens (Ags) to CD8+ T cells. Here we studied the ability of all 4 blood DC subsets to take up, process, and present tumor Ags to T cells. Although pDCs take up less Ags than CD1c+ and BDCA3+ mDCs, pDCs induce potent Ag-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses. We show that pDCs can preserve Ags for prolonged periods of time and on stimulation show strong induction of both MHC class I and II, which explains their efficient activation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, pDCs cross-present soluble and cell-associated tumor Ags to cytotoxic T lymphocytes equally well as BDCA3+ mDCs. These findings, and the fact that pDCs outnumber BDCA3+ mDCs, both in peripheral blood and lymph nodes, together with their potent IFN-I production, known to activate both components of the innate and adaptive immune system, put human pDCs forward as potent activators of CD8+ T cells in antitumor responses. Our findings may therefore have important consequences for the development of antitumor immunotherapy.
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Pusztaszeri MP, Sadow PM, Faquin WC. Association of CD1a-positive dendritic cells with papillary thyroid carcinoma in thyroid fine-needle aspirations. Cancer Cytopathol 2012; 121:206-13. [DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Tel J, de Vries IJM. Potential applications for plasmacytoid dendritic cells in cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapy 2012; 4:979-82. [DOI: 10.2217/imt.12.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jurjen Tel
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre & Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I Jolanda M de Vries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre & Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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