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Bernhardt K, Haar J, Tsai MH, Poirey R, Feederle R, Delecluse HJ. A Viral microRNA Cluster Regulates the Expression of PTEN, p27 and of a bcl-2 Homolog. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005405. [PMID: 26800049 PMCID: PMC4723338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects and transforms B-lymphocytes with high efficiency. This process requires expression of the viral latent proteins and of the 3 miR-BHRF1 microRNAs. Here we show that B-cells infected by a virus that lacks these non-coding RNAs (Δ123) grew more slowly between day 5 and day 20, relative to wild type controls. This effect could be ascribed to a reduced S phase entry combined with a moderately increased apoptosis rate. Whilst the first phenotypic trait was consistent with an enhanced PTEN expression in B-cells infected with Δ123, the second could be explained by very low BHRF1 protein and RNA levels in the same cells. Indeed, B-cells infected either by a recombinant virus that lacks the BHRF1 protein, a viral bcl-2 homolog, or by Δ123 underwent a similar degree of apoptosis, whereas knockouts of both BHRF1 microRNAs and protein proved transformation-incompetent. We find that that the miR-BHRF1-3 seed regions, and to a lesser extent those of miR-BHRF1-2 mediate these stimulatory effects. After this critical period, B-cells infected with the Δ123 mutant recovered a normal growth rate and became more resistant to provoked apoptosis. This resulted from an enhanced BHRF1 protein expression relative to cells infected with wild type viruses and correlated with decreased p27 expression, two pro-oncogenic events. The upregulation of BHRF1 can be explained by the observation that large BHRF1 mRNAs are the source of BHRF1 protein but are destroyed following BHRF1 microRNA processing, in particular of miR-BHRF1-2. The BHRF1 microRNAs are unlikely to directly target p27 but their absence may facilitate the selection of B-cells that express low levels of this protein. Thus, the BHRF1 microRNAs allowed a time-restricted expression of the BHRF1 protein to innocuously expand the virus B-cell reservoir during the first weeks post-infection without increasing long-term immune pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bernhardt
- Pathogenesis of Virus Associated Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Inserm unit U1074, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Janina Haar
- Pathogenesis of Virus Associated Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Inserm unit U1074, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ming-Han Tsai
- Pathogenesis of Virus Associated Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Inserm unit U1074, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Remy Poirey
- Pathogenesis of Virus Associated Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Inserm unit U1074, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Regina Feederle
- Pathogenesis of Virus Associated Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Inserm unit U1074, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Henri-Jacques Delecluse
- Pathogenesis of Virus Associated Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Inserm unit U1074, Heidelberg, Germany
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52
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Klinge CM. miRNAs regulated by estrogens, tamoxifen, and endocrine disruptors and their downstream gene targets. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 418 Pt 3:273-97. [PMID: 25659536 PMCID: PMC4523495 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (22 nucleotides), single-stranded, non-coding RNAs that form complimentary base-pairs with the 3' untranslated region of target mRNAs within the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) and block translation and/or stimulate mRNA transcript degradation. The non-coding miRBase (release 21, June 2014) reports that human genome contains ∼ 2588 mature miRNAs which regulate ∼ 60% of human protein-coding mRNAs. Dysregulation of miRNA expression has been implicated in estrogen-related diseases including breast cancer and endometrial cancer. The mechanism for estrogen regulation of miRNA expression and the role of estrogen-regulated miRNAs in normal homeostasis, reproduction, lactation, and in cancer is an area of great research and clinical interest. Estrogens regulate miRNA transcription through estrogen receptors α and β in a tissue-specific and cell-dependent manner. This review focuses primarily on the regulation of miRNA expression by ligand-activated ERs and their bona fide gene targets and includes miRNA regulation by tamoxifen and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in breast cancer and cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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53
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Yu X, Li Z, Chan MTV, Wu WKK. The roles of microRNAs in Wilms' tumors. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:1445-50. [PMID: 26634744 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4514-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms' tumor is the most common renal tumor in children in which diffusely anaplastic or unfavorable histology foreshadows poor prognosis. MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Accumulating evidence shows that microRNA dysregulation takes part in the pathogenesis of many renal diseases, such as chronic kidney diseases, polycystic kidney disease, renal fibrosis, and renal cancers. In Wilms' tumor, dysregulation of some key oncogenic or tumor-suppressing microRNAs, such as miR-17~92 cluster, miR-185, miR-204, and miR-483, has been documented. In this review, we will summarize current evidence on the role of dysregulated microRNAs in the development of Wilms' tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100042, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100042, China.
| | - Matthew T V Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - William Ka Kei Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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54
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Babu KR, Muckenthaler MU. miR-20a regulates expression of the iron exporter ferroportin in lung cancer. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 94:347-59. [PMID: 26560875 PMCID: PMC4803811 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Ferroportin (FPN) exports iron from duodenal enterocytes, macrophages, and hepatocytes to maintain systemic iron homeostasis. In addition, FPN is expressed in various cancer cells. Here, we show that in lung cancer, FPN expression is regulated by miR-20a. Within the FPN-3′-untranslated region (3′UTR), we identify and experimentally validate three evolutionarily conserved target sites for the microRNA (miRNA) members of the miR-17 seed family, including miR-20a. Our analysis of RNA sequencing data from patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) revealed that FPN messenger RNA (mRNA) levels are significantly decreased in tumor compared to matched healthy tissue, while miR-20a levels are increased. A significant negative correlation of miR-20a and FPN expression was observed. Functional studies further demonstrate that FPN is post-transcriptionally regulated by miR-20a in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and that overexpression or knockdown of miR-20a or FPN affects NSCLC proliferation and colony formation. Taken together, our data suggest that increased expression of miR-20 in lung cancer may decrease iron export, leading to intracellular iron retention, which, in turn, favors cell proliferation. Key messages miR-20a controls expression of the iron exporter ferroportin (FPN) by binding to highly conserved target sites in its 3′UTR. Expression of miR-20a is inversely correlated to FPN in lung cancer. Low FPN expression stimulates proliferation and colony formation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, possibly by increasing iron availability for cancer cell proliferation.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00109-015-1362-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamesh R Babu
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina U Muckenthaler
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Zhang L, Zhang S, Yao J, Lowery FJ, Zhang Q, Huang WC, Li P, Li M, Wang X, Zhang C, Wang H, Ellis K, Cheerathodi M, McCarty JH, Palmieri D, Saunus J, Lakhani S, Huang S, Sahin AA, Aldape KD, Steeg PS, Yu D. Microenvironment-induced PTEN loss by exosomal microRNA primes brain metastasis outgrowth. Nature 2015; 527:100-104. [PMID: 26479035 PMCID: PMC4819404 DOI: 10.1038/nature15376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 893] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of life-threatening cancer metastases at distant organs requires disseminated tumour cells' adaptation to, and co-evolution with, the drastically different microenvironments of metastatic sites. Cancer cells of common origin manifest distinct gene expression patterns after metastasizing to different organs. Clearly, the dynamic interaction between metastatic tumour cells and extrinsic signals at individual metastatic organ sites critically effects the subsequent metastatic outgrowth. Yet, it is unclear when and how disseminated tumour cells acquire the essential traits from the microenvironment of metastatic organs that prime their subsequent outgrowth. Here we show that both human and mouse tumour cells with normal expression of PTEN, an important tumour suppressor, lose PTEN expression after dissemination to the brain, but not to other organs. The PTEN level in PTEN-loss brain metastatic tumour cells is restored after leaving the brain microenvironment. This brain microenvironment-dependent, reversible PTEN messenger RNA and protein downregulation is epigenetically regulated by microRNAs from brain astrocytes. Mechanistically, astrocyte-derived exosomes mediate an intercellular transfer of PTEN-targeting microRNAs to metastatic tumour cells, while astrocyte-specific depletion of PTEN-targeting microRNAs or blockade of astrocyte exosome secretion rescues the PTEN loss and suppresses brain metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, this adaptive PTEN loss in brain metastatic tumour cells leads to an increased secretion of the chemokine CCL2, which recruits IBA1-expressing myeloid cells that reciprocally enhance the outgrowth of brain metastatic tumour cells via enhanced proliferation and reduced apoptosis. Our findings demonstrate a remarkable plasticity of PTEN expression in metastatic tumour cells in response to different organ microenvironments, underpinning an essential role of co-evolution between the metastatic cells and their microenvironment during the adaptive metastatic outgrowth. Our findings signify the dynamic and reciprocal cross-talk between tumour cells and the metastatic niche; importantly, they provide new opportunities for effective anti-metastasis therapies, especially of consequence for brain metastasis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
- Cancer Biology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Frank J. Lowery
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
- Cancer Biology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qingling Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Wen-Chien Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Min Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Kenneth Ellis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Mujeeburahiman Cheerathodi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joseph H. McCarty
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Diane Palmieri
- Woman's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jodi Saunus
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, QLD 4029, AUS
| | - Sunil Lakhani
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, QLD 4029, AUS
| | - Suyun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aysegul A. Sahin
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kenneth D. Aldape
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Patricia S. Steeg
- Woman's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dihua Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
- Cancer Biology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
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56
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Ma Y, Zhang P, Gao Y, Fan H, Zhang M, Wu J. Evaluation of AKT phosphorylation and PTEN loss and their correlation with the resistance of rituximab in DLBCL. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:14875-14884. [PMID: 26823817 PMCID: PMC4713603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of lymphoma with quite high mortality. PTEN/PI3K/AKT signal pathway is constitutively activated and plays an oncogenic role in most tumors including non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Since rituximab used in chemotherapy has been proved to improve the survival of DLBCL patients, rituximab resistance is a common clinical challenge in the treatment of DLBCL. The aims of the present study are to determine the different levels of several important biomarkers of PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway in DLBCL patients who are resistant or sensitive to rituximab treatment, and investigate the potential clinical application of these biomarkers. METHODS 48 patients with DLBCL who were treated by rituximab-based chemotherapy were divided into 2 groups according to their reactions to rituximab. The expression of p-AKT, PTEN, and Ki-67 protein in 48 DLBCL tissues were detected using immunohistochemistry and analyzed for the clinical pathological significance and the resistance to rituximab. Meanwhile, PTEN gene deletion was detected also by FISH, and mutation of PIK3CA was performed by sequencing analysis. RESULTS Activation of p-AKT in 12 of 48 (25.0%) and loss expression of PTEN in 15 of 48 (31.3%) DLBCL species were observed. P-AKT activation (P<0.05) and loss of PTEN expression (P<0.05) were significantly associative with high Ki-67 index. P-AKT and PTEN expression showed a significant negative correlation in all 48 DLBCL patients (r=-0.450, P<0.05), and the Spearman correlation coefficient in the resistant group (r=-0.769, P<0.05) was greater than in the sensitive group (r=-0.691, P<0.05). CONCLUSION Regulation of PTEN/PI3K/AKT signal pathway participates in the progression of DLBCL, and may be involved in the development of the resistance to rituximab for some DLBCL patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/physiology
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/metabolism
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Rituximab/therapeutic use
- Signal Transduction/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Ma
- Department of Pathology, Henan Key Laboratory for Tumour Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Pengyu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Huijie Fan
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, P. R. China
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EXP CLIN TRANSPLANTExp Clin Transplant 2015; 13. [DOI: 10.6002/ect.2015.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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58
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Zhu H, Han C, Wu T. MiR-17-92 cluster promotes hepatocarcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:1213-22. [PMID: 26233958 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MiR-17-92 cluster is an oncogenic miRNA cluster that is implicated in several cancers, although its role in hepatocarcinogenesis has not been clearly defined. In this study, we show that the miR-17-92 cluster is highly expressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues compared to the non-tumorous liver tissues by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization analyses. Increased miR-17-92 cluster expression in HCC tissues was further confirmed by analysis of the RNA-sequencing data of 319 patients available from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Data Portal (https://tcga-data.nci.nih.gov/tcga/). To create an animal model that resembles enhanced miR-17-92 in the liver, we developed liver-specific miR-17-92 transgenic mice and the animals were treated with the hepatic carcinogen, diethylnitrosamine (DEN). We observed that the liver-specific miR-17-92 transgenic mice showed significantly increased hepatocellular cancer development compared to the matched wild-type control mice. Forced overexpression of the miR-17-92 cluster in cultured human hepatocellular cancer cells enhanced tumor cell proliferation, colony formation and invasiveness in vitro, whereas inhibition of the miR-17-92 cluster reduced tumor cell growth. By analyzing the miRNA and mRNA sequencing data from the 312 hepatocellular cancer patients available from the TCGA database, we observed that the expression levels of the miR-17-92 cluster members and host gene in the tumor tissues are negatively correlated with several target genes, including CREBL2, PRRG1, NTN4. Our findings demonstrate an important role of the miR-17-92 cluster in hepatocarcinogenesis and suggest the possibility of targeting this pivotal miRNA cluster for potential therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue SL-79, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Chang Han
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue SL-79, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue SL-79, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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59
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Teoh JP, Park KM, Broskova Z, Jimenez FR, Bayoumi AS, Archer K, Su H, Johnson J, Weintraub NL, Tang Y, Kim IM. Identification of gene signatures regulated by carvedilol in mouse heart. Physiol Genomics 2015; 47:376-85. [PMID: 26152686 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00028.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic treatment with the β-blocker carvedilol has been shown to reduce established maladaptive left ventricle (LV) hypertrophy and to improve LV function in experimental heart failure. However, the detailed mechanisms by which carvedilol improves LV failure are incompletely understood. We previously showed that carvedilol is a β-arrestin-biased β1-adrenergic receptor ligand, which activates cellular pathways in the heart independent of G protein-mediated second messenger signaling. More recently, we have demonstrated by microRNA (miR) microarray analysis that carvedilol upregulates a subset of mature and pre-mature miRs, but not their primary miR transcripts in mouse hearts. Here, we next sought to identify the effects of carvedilol on LV gene expression on a genome-wide basis. Adult mice were treated with carvedilol or vehicle for 1 wk. RNA was isolated from LV tissue and hybridized for microarray analysis. Gene expression profiling analysis revealed a small group of genes differentially expressed after carvedilol treatment. Further analysis categorized these genes into pathways involved in tight junction, malaria, viral myocarditis, glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Genes encoding proteins in the tight junction, malaria, and viral myocarditis pathways were upregulated in the LV by carvedilol, while genes encoding proteins in the glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy pathways were downregulated by carvedilol. These gene expression changes may reflect the molecular mechanisms that underlie the functional benefits of carvedilol therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Peng Teoh
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Kyoung-Mi Park
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Zuzana Broskova
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Felix R Jimenez
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Ahmed S Bayoumi
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Krystal Archer
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia; and
| | - Huabo Su
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - John Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Neal L Weintraub
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia; and
| | - Yaoliang Tang
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia; and
| | - Il-Man Kim
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
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60
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Chiang NJ, Shan YS, Hung WC, Chen LT. Epigenetic regulation in the carcinogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 67:110-4. [PMID: 26100596 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignancy arising from the epithelial cells lining the biliary tract. Despite the existence of variation in incidence and etiology worldwide, its incidence is increasing globally in the past few decades. Surgery is the only curative treatment option for a minority of patients presented with early disease; while moderate effective chemotherapy remains the standard care for patients with locally advanced or metastatic diseases. In this article, we briefly review the molecular alterations that have been described in CCAs focusing on the role of epigenetic modification, including promoter methylation inactivation, histone modification and microRNA, in the carcinogenesis and progression of CCAs. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Epigenetics dynamics in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Jung Chiang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chun Hung
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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61
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The High Expression of the microRNA 17-92 Cluster and its Paralogs, and the Downregulation of the Target Gene PTEN, Is Associated with Primary Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma Progression. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:1659-1667. [PMID: 25634356 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The oncogenic microRNA (miR) 17-92 cluster has a causative role in the lymphomagenesis of nodal B-cell lymphomas, by activating proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. Here we analyzed primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas for the miR-17-92 cluster and its paralogs miR-106a-363 and miR-106b-25. In 22 primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, leg type (PCLBCL-LT) compared with 22 primary cutaneous follicle center lymphomas (PCFCLs), we found that miR-20a and miR-106a were overexpressed. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that higher miR-20a and miR-20b expression levels were associated with shorter disease-free and overall survival, independently from histological type. Gene expression profiling also showed a downregulation of 8 candidate target genes of miR-20a, miR-20b, and miR-106a in PCLBCL-LT compared with PCFCL. Among the candidate target genes, PTEN, NCOA3, and CAPRIN2 were confirmed to be underexpressed in PCLBCL-LT using quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR on CD20-positive laser-microdissected tumor cells. In multivariate Cox analysis, lower PTEN mRNA expression level was associated with shorter disease-free survival (DFS), independently from the histological type. Altogether, this molecular and bioinformatic study of 44 patient skin biopsy samples showed that the oncogenic miR-17-92 cluster and its paralogs were involved in cutaneous B-cell lymphoma progression, and that the downregulation of the target gene PTEN was associated with shorter DFS.
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