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PAC-Mediated AKI Protection Is Critically Mediated but Does Not Exclusively Depend on Cell-Derived Microvesicles. Int J Nephrol 2021; 2021:8864183. [PMID: 33777453 PMCID: PMC7969116 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8864183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute kidney injury (AKI) significantly worsens the prognosis of hospitalized patients. In recent years, cell-based strategies have been established as a reliable option for improving AKI outcomes in experimental AKI. Our previous studies focused on the so-called proangiogenic cells (PACs). Mechanisms that contribute to PAC-mediated AKI protection include production/secretion of extracellular vesicles (MV, microvesicles). In addition, the cells most likely act by paracrinic processes (secretome). The current study evaluated whether AKI may be preventable by the administration of either PAC-derived MV and/or the secretome alone. Methods AKI was induced in male C57/Bl6N mice (8-12 weeks) by bilateral renal ischemia (IRI-40 minutes). Syngeneic murine PACs were stimulated with either melatonin, angiopoietin-1 or -2, or with bone morphogenetic protein-5 (BMP-5) for one hour, respectively. PAC-derived MV and the vesicle-depleted supernatant were subsequently collected and i.v.-injected after ischemia. Mice were analyzed 48 hours later. Results IRI induced significant kidney excretory dysfunction as reflected by higher serum cystatin C levels. The only measure that improved AKI was the injection of MV, collected from native PACs. The following conditions worsened after ischemic renal function even further: MV + Ang-1, MV + BMP-5, MV + melatonin, and MV + secretome + Ang-1. Conclusion Together, our data show that PAC-mediated AKI protection substantially depends on the availability of cell-derived MV. However, since previous data showed improved AKI-protection by PACs after cell preconditioning with certain mediators (Ang-1 and -2, melatonin, BMP-5), mechanisms other than exclusively vesicle-dependent mechanisms must be involved in PAC-mediated AKI protection.
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Jiang S, Tian G, Yang Z, Gao X, Wang F, Li J, Tian Z, Huang B, Wei F, Sang X, Shao L, Zhou J, Wang Z, Liu S, Sui X, Guo Q, Guo W, Li X. Enhancement of acellular cartilage matrix scaffold by Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes to promote osteochondral regeneration. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2711-2728. [PMID: 33665503 PMCID: PMC7895679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage defect repair is a problem that has long plagued clinicians. Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to regenerate articular cartilage, they also have many limitations. Recent studies have found that MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) play an important role in tissue regeneration. The purpose of this study was to verify whether MSC-Exos can enhance the reparative effect of the acellular cartilage extracellular matrix (ACECM) scaffold and to explore the underlying mechanism. The results of in vitro experiments show that human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly MSC-Exos (hWJMSC-Exos) can promote the migration and proliferation of bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) and the proliferation of chondrocytes. We also found that hWJMSC-Exos can promote the polarization of macrophages toward the M2 phenotype. The results of a rabbit knee osteochondral defect repair model confirmed that hWJMSC-Exos can enhance the effect of the ACECM scaffold and promote osteochondral regeneration. We demonstrated that hWJMSC-Exos can regulate the microenvironment of the articular cavity using a rat knee joint osteochondral defect model. This effect was mainly manifested in promoting the polarization of macrophages toward the M2 phenotype and inhibiting the inflammatory response, which may be a promoting factor for osteochondral regeneration. In addition, microRNA (miRNA) sequencing confirmed that hWJMSC-Exos contain many miRNAs that can promote the regeneration of hyaline cartilage. We further clarified the role of hWJMSC-Exos in osteochondral regeneration through target gene prediction and pathway enrichment analysis. In summary, this study confirms that hWJMSC-Exos can enhance the effect of the ACECM scaffold and promote osteochondral regeneration. hWJMSC-Exos can promote cell proliferation, migration and polarization in vitro. hWJMSC-Exos can enhance the repair effect of ACECM scaffold in vivo. hWJMSC-Exos can inhibit inflammation in the joint cavity. hWJMSC-Exos contain a variety of miRNAs that promote osteochondral regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangpeng Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.,Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Guangzhao Tian
- Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Fuxin Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Juntan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhuang Tian
- Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Fu Wei
- Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xinyu Sang
- Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Liuqi Shao
- Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhenyong Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Shuyun Liu
- Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xiang Sui
- Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Quanyi Guo
- Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Weimin Guo
- Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
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Yang RZ, Zheng HL, Xu WN, Zheng XF, Li B, Jiang LS, Jiang SD. Vascular endothelial cell-secreted exosomes facilitate osteoarthritis pathogenesis by promoting chondrocyte apoptosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:4647-4662. [PMID: 33526719 PMCID: PMC7906201 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are major mediators of cell-to-cell communication, and are involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Recently, the roles of exosomes in osteoarthritis (OA) and their therapeutic potential have received increasing attention. Exosomes derived from vascular endothelial cells have been confirmed to participate in the occurrence and development of numerous diseases; however, their effects in OA have not been reported. Here, we demonstrated the roles of exosomes secreted by vascular endothelial cells in the development of OA. Through in vivo and in vitro experiments, we demonstrated that exosomes derived from vascular endothelial cells decreased the ability of chondrocytes to resist oxidative stress by inhibiting autophagy and p21 expression, thereby increasing the cellular ROS content and inducing apoptosis. These findings indicate that exosomes derived from vascular endothelial cells promote the progression of OA, thus, providing new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Ze Yang
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Huo-Liang Zheng
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Wen-Ning Xu
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Xin-Feng Zheng
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Lei-Sheng Jiang
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Sheng-Dan Jiang
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
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Liu Y, Zhuang X, Yu S, Yang N, Zeng J, Liu X, Chen X. Exosomes derived from stem cells from apical papilla promote craniofacial soft tissue regeneration by enhancing Cdc42-mediated vascularization. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:76. [PMID: 33482924 PMCID: PMC7821694 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02151-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reconstruction of complex critical-size defects (CSD) in the craniofacial region is a major challenge, and soft tissue regeneration is crucial in determining the therapeutic outcomes of craniofacial CSD. Stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP) are neural crest-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that are homologous to cells in craniofacial tissue and represent a promising source for craniofacial tissue regeneration. Exosomes, which contain compound bioactive compounds, are the key factors in stem cell paracrine action. However, the roles of exosomes derived from SCAP (SCAP-Exo) in tissue regeneration are not fully understood. Here, we explored the effects and underlying mechanisms of SCAP-Exo on CSD in maxillofacial soft tissue. Methods SCAP-Exo were isolated and identified by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. The effects of SCAP-Exo on wound healing and vascularization were detected by measuring the wound area and performing histological and immunofluorescence analysis on the palatal gingival CSD of mice. Real-time live-cell imaging and functional assays were used to assess the effects of SCAP-Exo on the biological functions of endothelial cells (ECs). Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms of SCAP-Exo-mediated EC angiogenesis in vitro were tested by immunofluorescence staining, Western blot, and pull-down assays. Finally, in vivo experiments were carried out to verify whether SCAP-Exo could affect vascularization and wound healing through cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42). Results We found that SCAP-Exo promoted tissue regeneration of palatal gingival CSD by enhancing vascularization in the early phase in vivo and that SCAP-Exo improved the angiogenic capacity of ECs in vitro. Mechanistically, SCAP-Exo elevated cell migration by improving cytoskeletal reorganization of ECs via Cdc42 signalling. Furthermore, we revealed that SCAP-Exo transferred Cdc42 into the cytoplasm of ECs and that the Cdc42 protein could be reused directly by recipient ECs, which resulted in the activation of Cdc42-dependent filopodium formation and elevation in cell migration of ECs. Conclusion This study demonstrated that SCAP-Exo had a superior effect on angiogenesis and effectively promoted craniofacial soft tissue regeneration. These data provide a new option for SCAP-Exo to be used in a cell-free approach to optimize tissue regeneration in the clinic. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02151-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110002, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Xueying Zhuang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110002, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Si Yu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110002, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110002, China
| | - Jianhong Zeng
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110002, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110002, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110002, China. .,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China.
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Taghiyar L, Jahangir S, Khozaei Ravari M, Shamekhi MA, Eslaminejad MB. Cartilage Repair by Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: Preclinical and Clinical Trial Update and Perspectives. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1326:73-93. [PMID: 33629260 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) and other degenerative joint diseases are characterized by articular cartilage destruction, synovial inflammation, sclerosis of subchondral bone, and loss of extracellular matrix (ECM). Worldwide, these diseases are major causes of disability. Cell therapies have been considered to be the best therapeutic strategies for long-term treatment of articular cartilage diseases. It has been suggested that the mechanism of stem cell-based therapy is related to paracrine secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are recognized as the main secretion factors of stem cells. EVs, and in particular the subclass exosomes (Exos), are novel therapeutic approaches for treatment of cartilage lesions and OA. The results of recent studies have shown that EVs isolated from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could inhibit OA progression. EVs isolated from various stem cell sources, such as MSCs, may contribute to tissue regeneration of the limbs, skin, heart, and other tissues. Here, we summarize recent findings of preclinical and clinical studies on different MSC-derived EVs and their effectiveness as a treatment for damaged cartilage. The Exos isolation techniques in OA treatment are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Taghiyar
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrbano Jahangir
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Khozaei Ravari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Sex diversity in proximal tubule and endothelial gene expression in mice with ischemic acute kidney injury. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1887-1909. [PMID: 32662516 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Female sex protects against development of acute kidney injury (AKI). While sex hormones may be involved in protection, the role of differential gene expression is unknown. We conducted gene profiling in male and female mice with or without kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Mice underwent bilateral renal pedicle clamping (30 min), and tissues were collected 24 h after reperfusion. RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed on proximal tubules (PTs) and kidney endothelial cells. Female mice were resistant to ischemic injury compared with males, determined by plasma creatinine and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), histologic scores, neutrophil infiltration, and extent of apoptosis. Sham mice had sex-specific gene disparities in PT and endothelium, and male mice showed profound gene dysregulation with ischemia-reperfusion compared with females. After ischemia PTs from females exhibited smaller increases compared with males in injury-associated genes lipocalin-2 (Lcn2), hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (Havcr1), and keratin 18 (Krt18), and no up-regulation of SRY-Box transcription factor 9 (Sox9) or keratin 20 (Krt20). Endothelial up-regulation of adhesion molecules and cytokines/chemokines occurred in males, but not females. Up-regulated genes in male ischemic PTs were linked to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways, while female ischemic PTs showed up-regulated genes in pathways related to transport. The data highlight sex-specific gene expression differences in male and female PTs and endothelium before and after ischemic injury that may underlie disparities in susceptibility to AKI.
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57
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Zhang Y, Wang J, Yang B, Qiao R, Li A, Guo H, Ding J, Li H, Ye H, Wu D, Cui L, Yang S. Transfer of MicroRNA-216a-5p From Exosomes Secreted by Human Urine-Derived Stem Cells Reduces Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:610587. [PMID: 33415108 PMCID: PMC7783217 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.610587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human urine-derived stem cells (USCs) protect rats against kidney ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Here we investigated the role of USCs exosomes (USCs-Exos) in protecting tubular endothelial cells and miRNA transfer in the kidney. Human USCs and USCs-Exos were isolated and verified by morphology and specific biomarkers. USC-Exos played a protective role in human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). USCs-Exos were rich in miR-216a-5p, which targeted phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and regulated cell apoptosis through the Akt pathway. In HK-2 cells exposed to H/R, incubation with USC-Exos increased miR-216-5p, decreased PTEN levels, and stimulated Akt phosphorylation. Exposure of hypoxic HK-2 cells to USCs-Exos pretreated with anti-miR-216a-5p can prevent the increase of miR-216-5p and Akt phosphorylation levels, restore PTEN expression, and promote apoptosis. The dual-luciferase reported gene assay in HK-2 cells confirmed that miR-216a-5p targeted PTEN. In rats with I/R injury, intravenous infusion of USCs-Exos can effectively induce apoptosis suppression and functional protection, which is associated with decreased PTEN. Infusion of exosomes from anti-miR-216a-5p-transfected USCs weakened the protective effect in the I/R model. Therefore, USCs-Exos can reduce renal I/R injury by transferring miR-216a-5p targeting PTEN. Potentially, USCs-Exos rich in miR-216a-5p can serve as a promising therapeutic option for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinmei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junxiong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Boxin Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Qiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Aiwei Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Han Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liyan Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Behrens F, Holle J, Kuebler WM, Simmons S. Extracellular vesicles as regulators of kidney function and disease. Intensive Care Med Exp 2020; 8:22. [PMID: 33336297 PMCID: PMC7746786 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-020-00306-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, lipid bilayer-delimited particles of cellular origin that recently gained increasing attention for their potential use as diagnostic biomarkers, and beyond that for their role in intercellular communication and as regulators of homeostatic and disease processes. In acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), the potential use of EVs as diagnostic and prognostic markers has been evaluated in a series of clinical studies and contributions to pathophysiologic pathways have been investigated in experimental models. While EV concentrations in biofluids could not distinguish renal patients from healthy subjects or determine disease progression, specific EV subpopulations have been identified that may provide useful diagnostic and prognostic tools in AKI. Specific EV subpopulations are also associated with clinical complications in sepsis-induced AKI and in CKD. Beyond their role as biomarkers, pathophysiologic involvement of EVs has been shown in hemolytic uremic syndrome- and sepsis-induced AKI as well as in cardiovascular complications of CKD. On the other hand, some endogenously formed or therapeutically applied EVs demonstrate protective effects pointing toward their usefulness as emerging treatment strategy in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Behrens
- Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Holle
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at St. Michael's, Toronto, Canada. .,Departments of Surgery and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Szandor Simmons
- Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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BMSC-derived exosomes from congenital polydactyly tissue alleviate osteoarthritis by promoting chondrocyte proliferation. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:142. [PMID: 33303743 PMCID: PMC7730395 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00374-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely used for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA), and exosomes may play a major role. Here, we acquired a special kind of MSCs from the bone marrow of surgically resected tissue from the hand of a patient with polydactyly. Experiments were focused on the role of polydactyly bone marrow-derived MSCs (pBMSCs) in osteoarthritis. The results showed that the pBMSCs had a greater ability than the BMSCs to differentiate into chondrocytes. Mechanistically, the expression of BMP4 was significantly higher in the pBMSCs than it was in the BMSCs. Furthermore, we showed that the migration and proliferation of chondrocytes were stimulated by exosomes secreted by pBMSC (pBMSC-EXOs). Notably, the downregulation of BMP4 in pBMSCs by siRNA inhibited both the chondrogenic differentiation potential of the MSCs and the function of the chondrocytes. In addition, the injection of pBMSC-EXOs and BMSC-EXOs attenuated OA in an OA mouse model, but the pBMSC-EXOs had a superior therapeutic effect compared with that of the BMSC-EXOs. Taken together, the data indicate that pBMSCs have greater ability to differentiate into chondrocytes and regulate chondrocyte formation through BMP4 signaling. Therefore, pBMSC-EXOs may represent a novel treatment for OA.
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Rasheed A, Shawky SA, Tsai R, Jung RG, Simard T, Saikali MF, Hibbert B, Rayner KJ, Cummins CL. The secretome of liver X receptor agonist-treated early outgrowth cells decreases atherosclerosis in Ldlr-/- mice. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 10:479-491. [PMID: 33231376 PMCID: PMC7900590 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) promote the maintenance of the endothelium by secreting vasoreparative factors. A population of EPCs known as early outgrowth cells (EOCs) is being investigated as novel cell‐based therapies for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. We previously demonstrated that the absence of liver X receptors (LXRs) is detrimental to the formation and function of EOCs under hypercholesterolemic conditions. Here, we investigate whether LXR activation in EOCs is beneficial for the treatment of atherosclerosis. EOCs were differentiated from the bone marrow of wild‐type (WT) and LXR‐knockout (Lxrαβ−/−) mice in the presence of vehicle or LXR agonist (GW3965). WT EOCs treated with GW3965 throughout differentiation showed reduced mRNA expression of endothelial lineage markers (Cd144, Vegfr2) compared with WT vehicle and Lxrαβ−/− EOCs. GW3965‐treated EOCs produced secreted factors that reduced monocyte adhesion to activated endothelial cells in culture. When injected into atherosclerosis‐prone Ldlr−/− mice, GW3965‐treated EOCs, or their corresponding conditioned media (CM) were both able to reduce aortic sinus plaque burden compared with controls. Furthermore, when human EOCs (obtained from patients with established CAD) were treated with GW3965 and the CM applied to endothelial cells, monocyte adhesion was decreased, indicating that our results in mice could be translated to patients. Ex vivo LXR agonist treatment of EOCs therefore produces a secretome that decreases early atherosclerosis in Ldlr−/− mice, and additionally, CM from human EOCs significantly inhibits monocyte to endothelial adhesion. Thus, active factor(s) within the GW3965‐treated EOC secretome may have the potential to be useful for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Rasheed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah A Shawky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ricky Tsai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard G Jung
- Capital Research Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor Simard
- Capital Research Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael F Saikali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin Hibbert
- Capital Research Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katey J Rayner
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carolyn L Cummins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Exosome-mediated delivery of kartogenin for chondrogenesis of synovial fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells and cartilage regeneration. Biomaterials 2020; 269:120539. [PMID: 33243424 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of synovial fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SF-MSCs) is a viable therapy for cartilage degeneration of osteoarthritis (OA). But controlling chondrogenic differentiation of the transplanted SF-MSCs in the joints remains a challenge. Kartogenin (KGN) is a small molecule that has been discovered to induce differentiation of SF-MSCs to chondrocytes both in vitro and in vivo. The clinical application of KGN however is limited by its low water solubility. KGN forms precipitates in the cell, resulting in low effective concentration and thus limiting its chondrogesis-promoting activity. Here we report that targeted delivery of KGN to SF-MSCs by engineered exosomes leads to even dispersion of KGN in the cytosol, increases its effective concentration in the cell, and strongly promotes the chondrogenesis of SF-MSCs in vitro and in vivo. Fusing an MSC-binding peptide E7 with the exosomal membrane protein Lamp 2b yields exosomes with E7 peptide displayed on the surface (E7-Exo) that has SF-MSC targeting capability. KGN delivered by E7-Exo efficiently enters SF-MSCs and induces higher degree of cartilage differentiation than KGN alone or KGN delivered by exosomes without E7. Co-administration of SF-MSCs with E7-Exo/KGN in the knee joints via intra-articular injection also shows more pronounced therapeutic effects in a rat OA model than KGN alone or KGN delivered by exosomes without E7. Altogether, transplantation of SF-MSCs with in situ chondrogenesis enabled by E7-Exo delivered KGN holds promise towards as an advanced stem cell therapy for OA.
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Wang S, Hou Y, Li X, Song Z, Sun B, Li X, Zhang H. Comparison of exosomes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells as therapeutic nanoparticles for treatment of corneal epithelial defects. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:19546-19562. [PMID: 33049719 PMCID: PMC7732275 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells are pluripotent stem cells that represent promising therapies for treating various tissue injuries and wound healing. Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles that have been identified as important mediators of therapeutic functions, which are performed via cell communication. In this study, we compared the efficacy of induced pluripotent stem cells-derived exosomes (iPSCs-Exos) and mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (MSCs-Exos) in treating corneal epithelial defects. The characteristics of the two types of exosomes were not significantly different. Compared to MSCs-Exos, iPSCs-Exos had a better in vitro effect on the proliferation, migration, cell cycle promotion and apoptosis inhibition of human corneal epithelial cells. iPSCs/MSCs-Exos promoted cell regeneration by upregulating cyclin A and CDK2 to drive HCECs to enter the S phase from the G0/G1 phase. In vivo results from a corneal epithelial defect model showed that both iPSCs-Exos and MSCs-Exos accelerated corneal epithelium defect healing while the effects of iPSCs-Exos were much stronger than those of MSCs-Exos. This study demonstrated that iPSCs-Exos had a better therapeutic effect on corneal epithelial defect healing. Thus, a novel potential nanotherapeutic strategy for treating corneal epithelial defects and even more ocular surface disease could be undertaken by using iPSCs-Exos dissolved in eye drops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yunlong Hou
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China,National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Xuran Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhen Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Baoqi Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261042, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
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Therapeutic Potential of Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells in Ischemic Disease: Strategies to Improve their Regenerative Efficacy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197406. [PMID: 33036489 PMCID: PMC7582994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) comprises a range of major clinical cardiac and circulatory diseases, which produce immense health and economic burdens worldwide. Currently, vascular regenerative surgery represents the most employed therapeutic option to treat ischemic disorders, even though not all the patients are amenable to surgical revascularization. Therefore, more efficient therapeutic approaches are urgently required to promote neovascularization. Therapeutic angiogenesis represents an emerging strategy that aims at reconstructing the damaged vascular network by stimulating local angiogenesis and/or promoting de novo blood vessel formation according to a process known as vasculogenesis. In turn, circulating endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) represent truly endothelial precursors, which display high clonogenic potential and have the documented ability to originate de novo blood vessels in vivo. Therefore, ECFCs are regarded as the most promising cellular candidate to promote therapeutic angiogenesis in patients suffering from CVD. The current briefly summarizes the available information about the origin and characterization of ECFCs and then widely illustrates the preclinical studies that assessed their regenerative efficacy in a variety of ischemic disorders, including acute myocardial infarction, peripheral artery disease, ischemic brain disease, and retinopathy. Then, we describe the most common pharmacological, genetic, and epigenetic strategies employed to enhance the vasoreparative potential of autologous ECFCs by manipulating crucial pro-angiogenic signaling pathways, e.g., extracellular-signal regulated kinase/Akt, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and Ca2+ signaling. We conclude by discussing the possibility of targeting circulating ECFCs to rescue their dysfunctional phenotype and promote neovascularization in the presence of CVD.
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O'Neill KM, Campbell DC, Edgar KS, Gill EK, Moez A, McLoughlin KJ, O'Neill CL, Dellett M, Hargey CJ, Abudalo RA, O'Hare M, Doyle P, Toh T, Khoo J, Wong J, McCrudden CM, Meloni M, Brunssen C, Morawietz H, Yoder MC, McDonald DM, Watson CJ, Stitt AW, Margariti A, Medina RJ, Grieve DJ. NOX4 is a major regulator of cord blood-derived endothelial colony-forming cells which promotes post-ischaemic revascularization. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:393-405. [PMID: 30937452 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cord blood-derived endothelial colony-forming cells (CB-ECFCs) are a defined progenitor population with established roles in vascular homeostasis and angiogenesis, which possess low immunogenicity and high potential for allogeneic therapy and are highly sensitive to regulation by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of this study was to define the precise role of the major ROS-producing enzyme, NOX4 NADPH oxidase, in CB-ECFC vasoreparative function. METHODS AND RESULTS In vitro CB-ECFC migration (scratch-wound assay) and tubulogenesis (tube length, branch number) was enhanced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced superoxide in a NOX-dependent manner. CB-ECFCs highly-expressed NOX4, which was further induced by PMA, whilst NOX4 siRNA and plasmid overexpression reduced and potentiated in vitro function, respectively. Increased ROS generation in NOX4-overexpressing CB-ECFCs (DCF fluorescence, flow cytometry) was specifically reduced by superoxide dismutase, highlighting induction of ROS-specific signalling. Laser Doppler imaging of mouse ischaemic hindlimbs at 7 days indicated that NOX4-knockdown CB-ECFCs inhibited blood flow recovery, which was enhanced by NOX4-overexpressing CB-ECFCs. Tissue analysis at 14 days revealed consistent alterations in vascular density (lectin expression) and eNOS protein despite clearance of injected CB-ECFCs, suggesting NOX4-mediated modulation of host tissue. Indeed, proteome array analysis indicated that NOX4-knockdown CB-ECFCs largely suppressed tissue angiogenesis, whilst NOX4-overexpressing CB-ECFCs up-regulated a number of pro-angiogenic factors specifically-linked with eNOS signalling, in parallel with equivalent modulation of NOX-dependent ROS generation, suggesting that CB-ECFC NOX4 signalling may promote host vascular repair. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings indicate a key role for NOX4 in CB-ECFCs, thereby highlighting its potential as a target for enhancing their reparative function through therapeutic priming to support creation of a pro-reparative microenvironment and effective post-ischaemic revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla M O'Neill
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - David C Campbell
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Kevin S Edgar
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Eleanor K Gill
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Arya Moez
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Kiran J McLoughlin
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Christina L O'Neill
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Margaret Dellett
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Ciarán J Hargey
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Rawan A Abudalo
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Michael O'Hare
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Philip Doyle
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Tinrui Toh
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Joshua Khoo
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - June Wong
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Cian M McCrudden
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | | | - Coy Brunssen
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty and University Clinics Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty and University Clinics Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mervin C Yoder
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Denise M McDonald
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Chris J Watson
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Alan W Stitt
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Andriana Margariti
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Reinhold J Medina
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - David J Grieve
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
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Tieu A, Lalu MM, Slobodian M, Gnyra C, Fergusson DA, Montroy J, Burger D, Stewart DJ, Allan DS. An Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Preclinical Use. ACS NANO 2020; 14:9728-9743. [PMID: 32697573 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) can reduce inflammation, promote healing, and improve organ function, thereby providing a potential "cell-free" therapy. Prior to clinical translation, it is critical to synthesize existing evidence on preclinical methods and efficacy. To address these issues, we used gold standard systematic review methodology to consolidate information from all published animal studies investigating MSC-EVs as an intervention. A systematic search of MEDLINE and Embase identified 206 studies. Data were extracted in duplicate for methodology, experimental design, interventional traits, modifications, and outcomes. MSC-EVs were used to treat a variety of diseases and demonstrated benefits in 97% of studies. Adverse effects were reported in only three studies, two demonstrating tumor growth. A quarter of articles modified EVs to enhance efficacy, with 72% leading to markedly improved outcomes as compared to unmodified EVs. However, several key methodological concerns were evident. Only 60% of studies used nomenclature consistent with the size definitions of EVs. Ultracentrifugation (70%) and isolation kits (23%) were the most common isolation techniques with noted differences in yield and purity. EVs were inconsistently dosed by protein (68%) or particle concentration (16%). Two-thirds of studies administered xenogeneic EVs, suggesting immunocompatibility. Less than 25% of studies assessed EV biodistribution. Approaches for determining size, protein markers, and morphology were highly heterogeneous, with only 12 and 4 studies meeting the MISEV 2014 and 2018 recommendations, respectively. Knowledge gaps identified from this systematic review highlight important opportunities to improve preclinical design and methodology in the rapidly growing field of EV therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Tieu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada, K1H 8L1
| | - Manoj M Lalu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada, K1H 8L1
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada, K1H 8L6
| | | | | | | | | | - Dylan Burger
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada, K1H 8L1
| | - Duncan J Stewart
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada, K1H 8L1
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Komici K, Faris P, Negri S, Rosti V, García-Carrasco M, Mendoza-Pinto C, Berra-Romani R, Cervera R, Guerra G, Moccia F. Systemic lupus erythematosus, endothelial progenitor cells and intracellular Ca2+ signaling: A novel approach for an old disease. J Autoimmun 2020; 112:102486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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67
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Extracellular Vesicles-Based Drug Delivery Systems: A New Challenge and the Exemplum of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155432. [PMID: 32751556 PMCID: PMC7432055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Research for the most selective drug delivery to tumors represents a fascinating key target in science. Alongside the artificial delivery systems identified in the last decades (e.g., liposomes), a family of natural extracellular vesicles (EVs) has gained increasing focus for their potential use in delivering anticancer compounds. EVs are released by all cell types to mediate cell-to-cell communication both at the paracrine and the systemic levels, suggesting a role for them as an ideal nano-delivery system. Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) stands out among currently untreatable tumors, also due to the difficulties in achieving an early diagnosis. Thus, early diagnosis and treatment of MPM are both unmet clinical needs. This review looks at indirect and direct evidence that EVs may represent both a new tool for allowing an early diagnosis of MPM and a potential new delivery system for more efficient therapeutic strategies. Since MPM is a relatively rare malignant tumor and preclinical MPM models developed to date are very few and not reliable, this review will report data obtained in other tumor types, suggesting the potential use of EVs in mesothelioma patients as well.
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68
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Zheng L, Wang Y, Qiu P, Xia C, Fang Y, Mei S, Fang C, Shi Y, Wu K, Chen Z, Fan S, He D, Lin X, Chen P. Primary chondrocyte exosomes mediate osteoarthritis progression by regulating mitochondrion and immune reactivity. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 14:3193-3212. [PMID: 31855117 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We aimed to investigate the proteomics of primary chondrocyte exosomes and the effect of exosomes in osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. Materials & methods: We isolated exosomes from primary chondrocytes cultured in normal (D0) and inflammatory environments induced by IL-1β and determined the proteomics of these exosomes. Next, we investigated what effect and mechanism D0 chondrocytes exosomes have in OA treatment. Results: There were more proteins that belonged to mitochondrion and were involved in immune system processes in D0 exosomes. Notably, intra-articular administration of D0 exosomes successfully prevented the development of OA. D0 chondrocyte exosomes could restore mitochondrial dysfunction and polarize macrophage response toward an M2 phenotype. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that primary chondrocyte exosomes are efficient in OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration & Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, 5th Affiliated Hospital, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, PR China
| | - Yiyun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration & Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Pengcheng Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration & Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Chen Xia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration & Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yifan Fang
- Hangzhou Foreign Languages School, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Sheng Mei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration & Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Chen Fang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration & Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yiling Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration & Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Kaiwei Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration & Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration & Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shunwu Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration & Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Dengwei He
- Department of Orthopedics, 5th Affiliated Hospital, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, PR China
| | - Xianfeng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration & Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Pengfei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration & Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
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Lyons CJ, O’Brien T. The Functionality of Endothelial-Colony-Forming Cells from Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071731. [PMID: 32698397 PMCID: PMC7408543 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial-colony-forming cells (ECFCs) are a population of progenitor cells which have demonstrated promising angiogenic potential both in vitro and in vivo. However, ECFCs from diabetic patients have been shown to be dysfunctional compared to ECFCs from healthy donors. Diabetes mellitus itself presents with many vascular co-morbidities and it has been hypothesized that ECFCs may be a potential cell therapy option to promote revascularisation in these disorders. While an allogeneic cell therapy approach would offer the potential of an ‘off the shelf’ therapeutic product, to date little research has been carried out on umbilical cord-ECFCs in diabetic models. Alternatively, autologous cell therapy using peripheral blood-ECFCs allows the development of a personalised therapeutic approach to medicine; however, autologous diabetic ECFCs are dysfunctional and need to be repaired so they can effectively treat diabetic co-morbidities. Many different groups have modified autologous diabetic ECFCs to improve their function using a variety of methods including pre-treatment with different factors or with genetic modification. While the in vitro and in vivo data from the literature is promising, no ECFC therapy has proceeded to clinical trials to date, indicating that more research is needed for a potential ECFC therapy in the future to treat diabetic complications.
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70
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Liao G, Zheng K, Shorr R, Allan DS. Human endothelial colony-forming cells in regenerative therapy: A systematic review of controlled preclinical animal studies. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1344-1352. [PMID: 32681814 PMCID: PMC7581447 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial colony‐forming cells (ECFCs) hold significant promise as candidates for regenerative therapy of vascular injury. Existing studies remain largely preclinical and exhibit marked design heterogeneity. A systematic review of controlled preclinical trials of human ECFCs is needed to guide future study design and to accelerate clinical translation. A systematic search of Medline and EMBASE on 1 April 2019 returned 3131 unique entries of which 66 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Most studies used ECFCs derived from umbilical cord or adult peripheral blood. Studies used genetically modified immunodeficient mice (n = 52) and/or rats (n = 16). ECFC phenotypes were inconsistently characterized. While >90% of studies used CD31+ and CD45−, CD14− was demonstrated in 73% of studies, CD146+ in 42%, and CD10+ in 35%. Most disease models invoked ischemia. Peripheral vascular ischemia (n = 29), central nervous system ischemia (n = 14), connective tissue injury (n = 10), and cardiovascular ischemia and reperfusion injury (n = 7) were studied most commonly. Studies showed predominantly positive results; only 13 studies reported ≥1 outcome with null results, three reported only null results, and one reported harm. Quality assessment with SYRCLE revealed potential sources of bias in most studies. Preclinical ECFC studies are associated with benefit across several ischemic conditions in animal models, although combining results is limited by marked heterogeneity in study design. In particular, characterization of ECFCs varied and aspects of reporting introduced risk of bias in most studies. More studies with greater focus on standardized cell characterization and consistency of the disease model are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Liao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Regenerative Medicine Programs, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katina Zheng
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Risa Shorr
- Information Services, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David S Allan
- Clinical Epidemiology and Regenerative Medicine Programs, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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71
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AKI: an increasingly recognized risk factor for CKD development and progression. J Nephrol 2020; 33:1171-1187. [PMID: 32651850 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-020-00793-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an increasing health burden with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. AKI is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) development and progression to end stage renal disease (ESRD). Rapid action is required to find treatment options for AKI, plus to anticipate the development of CKD and other complications. Therefore, it is essential to understand the pathophysiology of AKI to CKD transition. Over the last several years, research has revealed maladaptive repair to be an interplay of cell death, endothelial dysfunction, tubular epithelial cell senescence, inflammatory processes and more-terminating in fibrosis. Various pathological mechanisms have been discovered and reveal targets for potential interventions. Furthermore, there have been clinical efforts measures for AKI prevention and progression including the development of novel biomarkers and prediction models. In this review, we provide an overview of pathophysiological mechanisms involved in kidney fibrosis. Furthermore, we discuss research gaps and promising therapeutic approaches for AKI to CKD progression.
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72
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He L, He T, Xing J, Zhou Q, Fan L, Liu C, Chen Y, Wu D, Tian Z, Liu B, Rong L. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes protect cartilage damage and relieve knee osteoarthritis pain in a rat model of osteoarthritis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:276. [PMID: 32650828 PMCID: PMC7350730 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01781-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived exosome injection on cartilage damage and pain relief in both in vitro and in vivo models of osteoarthritis (OA). Methods The BMSCs were extracted from rat bone marrow of the femur and tibia. Chondrocytes were treated with IL-1β to establish the in vitro model of OA. Chondrocyte proliferation and migration were assessed by CCK-8 and transwell assay, respectively. A rat model of OA was established by injection of sodium iodoacetate. At 6 weeks after the model was established, the knee joint specimens and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of rats were collected for histologic analyses. For pain assessment, paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) were evaluated before model establishment and at 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks after model establishment. Results Exosomes can be endocytosed with the chondrocytes in vitro. Exosome treatment significantly attenuated the inhibitory effect of IL-1β on the proliferation and migration of chondrocytes. Exosome pre-treatment significantly attenuated IL-1β-induced downregulation of COL2A1 and ACAN and upregulation of MMP13 and ADAMTS5. In the animal study, exosome treatment significantly upregulated COL2A1 protein and downregulated MMP13 protein in the cartilage tissue of the OA rat. At weeks 2, 4, and 6, the PWL value was significantly improved in the exosome-treated OA rats as compared with the untreated OA animals. Moreover, exosome treatment significantly alleviated the upregulation of CGRP and iNOS in the DRG tissue of OA rats. Conclusion BMSC-derived exosomes can effectively promote cartilage repair and extracellular matrix synthesis, as well as alleviate knee pain in the OA rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Tianwei He
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jianghao Xing
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Nursing Department, Lingnan Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Lei Fan
- College of Materials Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Can Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yuyong Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Depeng Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Zhenming Tian
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Limin Rong
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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73
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Asare-Werehene M, Communal L, Carmona E, Han Y, Song YS, Burger D, Mes-Masson AM, Tsang BK. Plasma Gelsolin Inhibits CD8 + T-cell Function and Regulates Glutathione Production to Confer Chemoresistance in Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3959-3971. [PMID: 32641415 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although initial treatment of ovarian cancer is successful, tumors typically relapse and become resistant to treatment. Because of poor infiltration of effector T cells, patients are mostly unresponsive to immunotherapy. Plasma gelsolin (pGSN) is transported by exosomes (small extracellular vesicle, sEV) and plays a key role in ovarian cancer chemoresistance, yet little is known about its role in immunosurveillance. Here, we report the immunomodulatory roles of sEV-pGSN in ovarian cancer chemoresistance. In chemosensitive conditions, secretion of sEV-pGSN was low, allowing for optimal CD8+ T-cell function. This resulted in increased T-cell secretion of IFNγ, which reduced intracellular glutathione (GSH) production and sensitized chemosensitive cells to cis-diaminedichloroplatinum (CDDP)-induced apoptosis. In chemoresistant conditions, increased secretion of sEV-pGSN by ovarian cancer cells induced apoptosis in CD8+ T cells. IFNγ secretion was therefore reduced, resulting in high GSH production and resistance to CDDP-induced death in ovarian cancer cells. These findings support our hypothesis that sEV-pGSN attenuates immunosurveillance and regulates GSH biosynthesis, a phenomenon that contributes to chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings provide new insight into pGSN-mediated immune cell dysfunction in ovarian cancer chemoresistance and demonstrate how this dysfunction can be exploited to enhance immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meshach Asare-Werehene
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laudine Communal
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Euridice Carmona
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Youngjin Han
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Sang Song
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dylan Burger
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du CHUM et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Benjamin K Tsang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. .,Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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74
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Sun H, Zhao X, Tai Q, Xu G, Ju Y, Gao W. Endothelial colony-forming cells reduced the lung injury induced by cardiopulmonary bypass in rats. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:246. [PMID: 32586365 PMCID: PMC7318475 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01722-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) results in severe lung injury via inflammation and endothelial injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) on lung injury in rats subjected to CPB. Methods Thirty-two rats were randomized into the sham, CPB, CPB/ECFC and CPB/ECFC/L-NIO groups. The rats in the sham group received anaesthesia, and the rats in the other groups received CPB. The rats also received PBS, ECFCs and L-NIO-pre-treated ECFCs. After 24 h of CPB, pulmonary capillary permeability, including the PaO2/FiO2 ratio, protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue wet/dry weight were evaluated. The cell numbers and cytokines in BALF and peripheral blood were tested. Endothelial injury, lung histological injury and apoptosis were assessed. The oxidative stress response and apoptosis-related proteins were analysed. Results After CPB, all the data deteriorated compared with those obtained in the S group (sham vs CPB vs CPB/ECFC vs CPB/ECFC/L-NIO: histological score 1.62 ± 0.51 vs 5.37 ± 0.91 vs 3.37 ± 0.89 vs 4.37 ± 0.74; PaO2/FiO2 389 ± 12 vs 233 ± 36 vs 338 ± 28 vs 287 ± 30; wet/dry weight 3.11 ± 0.32 vs 6.71 ± 0.73 vs 4.66 ± 0.55 vs 5.52 ± 0.57; protein levels in BALF: 134 ± 22 vs 442 ± 99 vs 225 ± 41 vs 337 ± 53, all P < 0.05). Compared to the CPB treatment, ECFCs significantly improved pulmonary capillary permeability and PaO2/FiO2. Similarly, ECFCs also decreased the inflammatory cell number and pro-inflammatory factors in BALF and peripheral blood, as well as the oxidative stress response in the lung tissue. ECFCs reduced the lung histological injury score and apoptosis and regulated apoptosis-related proteins in the lung tissue. Compared with the CPB/ECFC group, all the indicators were partly reversed by the L-NIO. Conclusions ECFCs significantly reduced lung injury induced by inflammation after CPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qihang Tai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangxiao Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yingnan Ju
- Department of ICU, Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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75
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Tu C, He J, Chen R, Li Z. The Emerging Role of Exosomal Non-coding RNAs in Musculoskeletal Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:4523-4535. [PMID: 31724510 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191113104946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are phospholipid bilayer-enclosed membrane vesicles derived and constitutively secreted by various metabolically active cells. They are capable of mediating hetero- and homotypic intercellular communication by transferring multiple cargos from donor cells to recipient cells. Nowadays, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as novel potential biomarkers or disease-targeting agents in a variety of diseases. However, the lack of effective delivery systems may impair their clinical application. Recently, accumulating evidence demonstrated that ncRNAs could be efficiently delivered to recipient cells using exosomes as a carrier, and therefore can exert a critical role in musculoskeletal diseases including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, muscular dystrophies, osteosarcoma and other diseases. Herein, we present an extensive review of biogenesis, physiological relevance and clinical implication of exosome-derived ncRNAs in musculoskeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jieyu He
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ruiqi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
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76
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Park EJ, Appiah MG, Myint PK, Gaowa A, Kawamoto E, Shimaoka M. Exosomes in Sepsis and Inflammatory Tissue Injury. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:4486-4495. [PMID: 31738129 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191116125525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is the leading cause of death in medical intensive care units, and thus represents a serious healthcare problem worldwide. Sepsis is often caused by the aberrant host responses to infection, which induce dysregulated inflammation that leads to life-threatening multiple organ failures. Mediators such as proinflammatory cytokines that drive the sepsis pathogenesis have been extensively studied. Exosomes, biological lipid bilayer nanoparticles secreted via the endosomal pathway of cells, have recently emerged as important cargos that carry multiple mediators critical for the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated organ dysfunctions. Here we will review current knowledge on the exosomes in sepsis and relevant inflammatory tissue injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun J Park
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514- 8507, Japan
| | - Michael G Appiah
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514- 8507, Japan
| | - Phyoe K Myint
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514- 8507, Japan
| | - Arong Gaowa
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514- 8507, Japan
| | - Eiji Kawamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514- 8507, Japan.,Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Motomu Shimaoka
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514- 8507, Japan
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77
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Xing Z, Zhao C, Liu H, Fan Y. Endothelial Progenitor Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Candidate for Regenerative Medicine and Disease Treatment. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000255. [PMID: 32378361 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of membranous structures, which can be secreted by most cell types. As a product of paracrine secretion, EVs are considered to be a regulatory mediator for intercellular communication. There are many bioactive cargos in EVs, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. As the precursor cell of vascular endothelial cells (ECs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are first discovered in peripheral blood. With the development of studies about the functions of EPCs, an increasing number of researchers focus on EPC-derived EVs (EPC-EVs). EPC-EVs exert key functions for promoting angiogenesis in regenerative medicine and show significant therapeutic effects on a variety of diseases such as circulatory diseases, kidney diseases, diabetes, bone diseases, and tissue/organ damages. This article reviews the current knowledge on the role of EPC-EVs in regenerative medicine and disease treatment, discussing the main challenges and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xing
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringBeihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringBeihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical EngineeringBeihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringBeihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical EngineeringBeihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
- National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids Beijing 100176 P. R. China
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78
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Negri S, Faris P, Rosti V, Antognazza MR, Lodola F, Moccia F. Endothelial TRPV1 as an Emerging Molecular Target to Promote Therapeutic Angiogenesis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061341. [PMID: 32471282 PMCID: PMC7349285 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic angiogenesis represents an emerging strategy to treat ischemic diseases by stimulating blood vessel growth to rescue local blood perfusion. Therefore, injured microvasculature may be repaired by stimulating resident endothelial cells or circulating endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) or by autologous cell-based therapy. Endothelial Ca2+ signals represent a crucial player in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis; indeed, several angiogenic stimuli induce neovessel formation through an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Several members of the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channel superfamily are expressed and mediate Ca2+-dependent functions in vascular endothelial cells and in ECFCs, the only known truly endothelial precursor. TRP Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a polymodal cation channel, is emerging as an important player in endothelial cell migration, proliferation, and tubulogenesis, through the integration of several chemical stimuli. Herein, we first summarize TRPV1 structure and gating mechanisms. Next, we illustrate the physiological roles of TRPV1 in vascular endothelium, focusing our attention on how endothelial TRPV1 promotes angiogenesis. In particular, we describe a recent strategy to stimulate TRPV1-mediated pro-angiogenic activity in ECFCs, in the presence of a photosensitive conjugated polymer. Taken together, these observations suggest that TRPV1 represents a useful target in the treatment of ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Negri
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.N.); (P.F.)
| | - Pawan Faris
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.N.); (P.F.)
| | - Vittorio Rosti
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Advanced Diagnosis, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Maria Rosa Antognazza
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.R.A.); (F.L.)
| | - Francesco Lodola
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.R.A.); (F.L.)
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.N.); (P.F.)
- Correspondence:
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79
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Li B, Zhao H, Wu Y, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Yang G, Yan Q, Li J, Li T, Liu L. Mitochondrial-Derived Vesicles Protect Cardiomyocytes Against Hypoxic Damage. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:214. [PMID: 32426351 PMCID: PMC7212461 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia is a condition with insufficient oxygen supporting the heart tissues, which may result from myocardial infarction or trauma-induced hemorrhagic shock. In order to develop better preventive and therapeutic strategies for myocardial ischemic damage, it is important that we understand the mechanisms underlying this type of injury. Mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) have been proposed as a novel player in maintaining mitochondrial quality control. This study aimed to investigate the role and possible mechanisms of MDVs in ischemia/hypoxia-induced myocardial apoptosis. H9C2 cardiomyocytes were used for the cellular experiments. A 40% fixed blood volume hemorrhagic shock rat model was used to construct the acute general ischemic models. MDVs were detected using immunofluorescence staining with PDH and TOM20. Exogenous MDVs were reconstituted in vitro from isolated mitochondria under different hypoxic conditions. The results demonstrate that MDV production was negatively correlated with cardiomyocyte apoptosis under hypoxic conditions; exogenous MDVs inhibited hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis; and MDV-mediated protection against hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis was accomplished via Bcl-2 interactions in the mitochondrial pathway. This study provides evidence that MDVs protect cardiomyocytes against hypoxic damage by inhibiting mitochondrial apoptosis. Our study used a novel approach that expands our understanding of MDVs and highlights that MDVs may be part of the endogenous response to hypoxia designed to mitigate damage. Strategies that stimulate cardiomyocytes to produce cargo-specific MDVs, including Bcl-2 containing MDVs, could theoretically be helpful in treating ischemic/hypoxic myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department 2, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department 2, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department 2, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department 2, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department 2, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department 2, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingguang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department 2, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department 2, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department 2, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liangming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department 2, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Bertelli PM, Pedrini E, Guduric-Fuchs J, Peixoto E, Pathak V, Stitt AW, Medina RJ. Vascular Regeneration for Ischemic Retinopathies: Hope from Cell Therapies. Curr Eye Res 2020; 45:372-384. [PMID: 31609636 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1681004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Retinal vascular diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, retinal vein occlusion, ocular ischemic syndrome and ischemic optic neuropathy, are leading causes of vision impairment and blindness. Whilst drug, laser or surgery-based treatments for the late stage complications of many of these diseases are available, interventions that target the early vasodegenerative stages are lacking. Progressive vasculopathy and ensuing ischemia is an underpinning pathology in many of these diseases, leading to hypoperfusion, hypoxia, and ultimately pathological neovascularization and/or edema in the retina and other ocular tissues, such as the optic nerve and iris. Therefore, repairing the retinal vasculature may prevent progression of ischemic retinopathies into late stage vascular complications. Various cell types have been explored for their vascular repair potential. Endothelial progenitor cells, mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells are studied for their potential to integrate with the damaged retinal vasculature and limit ischemic injury. Clinical trials for some of these cell types have confirmed safety and feasibility in the treatment of ischemic diseases, including some retinopathies. Another promising avenue is mobilization of endogenous endothelial progenitors, whereby reparative cells are moved from their niche to circulating blood to target and home into ischemic tissues. Several aspects and properties of these cell types have yet to be elucidated. Nevertheless, we foresee that cell therapy, whether through delivery of exogenous or enhancement of endogenous reparative cells, will become a valuable and beneficial treatment for ischemic retinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Maria Bertelli
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Edoardo Pedrini
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jasenka Guduric-Fuchs
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Elisa Peixoto
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Varun Pathak
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Alan W Stitt
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Reinhold J Medina
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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81
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Gao K, He S, Kumar P, Farmer D, Zhou J, Wang A. Clonal isolation of endothelial colony-forming cells from early gestation chorionic villi of human placenta for fetal tissue regeneration. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:123-138. [PMID: 32184937 PMCID: PMC7062038 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i2.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) have been implicated in the process of vascularization, which includes vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Vasculogenesis is a de novo formation of blood vessels, and is an essential physiological process that occurs during embryonic development and tissue regeneration. Angiogenesis is the growth of new capillaries from pre-existing blood vessels, which is observed both prenatally and postnatally. The placenta is an organ composed of a variety of fetal-derived cells, including ECFCs, and therefore has significant potential as a source of fetal ECFCs for tissue engineering.
AIM To investigate the possibility of isolating clonal ECFCs from human early gestation chorionic villi (CV-ECFCs) of the placenta, and assess their potential for tissue engineering.
METHODS The early gestation chorionic villus tissue was dissociated by enzyme digestion. Cells expressing CD31 were selected using magnetic-activated cell sorting, and plated in endothelial-specific growth medium. After 2-3 wks in culture, colonies displaying cobblestone-like morphology were manually picked using cloning cylinders. We characterized CV-ECFCs by flow cytometry, immunophenotyping, tube formation assay, and Dil-Ac-LDL uptake assay. Viral transduction of CV-ECFCs was performed using a Luciferase/tdTomato-containing lentiviral vector, and transduction efficiency was tested by fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. Compatibility of CV-ECFCs with a delivery vehicle was determined using an FDA approved, small intestinal submucosa extracellular matrix scaffold.
RESULTS After four passages in 6-8 wks of culture, we obtained a total number of 1.8 × 107 CV-ECFCs using 100 mg of early gestational chorionic villus tissue. Immunophenotypic analyses by flow cytometry demonstrated that CV-ECFCs highly expressed the endothelial markers CD31, CD144, CD146, CD105, CD309, only partially expressed CD34, and did not express CD45 and CD90. CV-ECFCs were capable of acetylated low-density lipoprotein uptake and tube formation, similar to cord blood-derived ECFCs (CB-ECFCs). CV-ECFCs can be transduced with a Luciferase/tdTomato-containing lentiviral vector at a transduction efficiency of 85.1%. Seeding CV-ECFCs on a small intestinal submucosa extracellular matrix scaffold confirmed that CV-ECFCs were compatible with the biomaterial scaffold.
CONCLUSION In summary, we established a magnetic sorting-assisted clonal isolation approach to derive CV-ECFCs. A substantial number of CV-ECFCs can be obtained within a short time frame, representing a promising novel source of ECFCs for fetal treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewa Gao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Siqi He
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Priyadarsini Kumar
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Diana Farmer
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Jianda Zhou
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Aijun Wang
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95817, United States
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82
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Yang S, Zhu B, Yin P, Zhao L, Wang Y, Fu Z, Dang R, Xu J, Zhang J, Wen N. Integration of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes with Hydroxyapatite-Embedded Hyaluronic Acid-Alginate Hydrogel for Bone Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1590-1602. [PMID: 33455380 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of bone defects has plagued clinicians. Exosomes, the naturally secreted nanovesicles by cells, exhibit great potential in bone defect regeneration to realize cell-free therapy. In this work, we successfully revealed that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes could effectively promote the proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of a murine calvariae preosteoblast cell line in vitro. Considering the long period of bone regeneration, to effectively exert the reparative effect of exosomes, we synthesized an injectable hydroxyapatite (HAP)-embedded in situ cross-linked hyaluronic acid-alginate (HA-ALG) hydrogel system to durably retain exosomes at the defect sites. Then, we combined the exosomes with the HAP-embedded in situ cross-linked HA-ALG hydrogel system to repair bone defects in rats in vivo. The results showed that the combination of exosomes and composite hydrogel could significantly enhance bone regeneration. Our experiment provides a new strategy for exosome-based therapy, which shows great potential in future tissue and organ repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Biao Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Peng Yin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lisheng Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yizhu Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhiguang Fu
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ruijie Dang
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ning Wen
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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The Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Paracrine Effectors in Stem Cell-Based Therapies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1201:175-193. [PMID: 31898787 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31206-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells act in a paracrine manner through the secretion of biologically active cargo that acts on cells locally and systemically. These active molecules include not only soluble factors but also extracellular vesicles (EVs) that have recently emerged as a mechanism of cell-to-cell communication. EVs act as vehicles that transfer molecules between originator and recipient cells, thereby modifying the phenotype and function of the latter. As EVs released from stem cells may successfully activate regenerative processes in injured cells, their application as a form of therapy can be envisaged. EVs exert these proregenerative effects through the modulation of relevant cellular processes including proliferation, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and immunotolerance, among others. In this chapter, we review the preclinical studies that report the effect of stem cell-derived EVs in various pathological models of human disease.
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84
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Jia J, Ma B, Wang S, Feng L. Therapeutic Potential of Endothelial Colony Forming Cells Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Blood. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 14:460-465. [PMID: 30767752 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x14666190214162453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are implicated in multiple biologic processes such as vascular homeostasis, neovascularization and tissue regeneration, and tumor angiogenesis. A subtype of EPCs is referred to as endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs), which display robust clonal proliferative potential and can form durable and functional blood vessels in animal models. In this review, we provide a brief overview of EPCs' characteristics, classification and origins, a summary of the progress in preclinical studies with regard to the therapeutic potential of human umbilical cord blood derived ECFCs (CB-ECFCs) for ischemia repair, tissue engineering and tumor, and highlight the necessity to select high proliferative CB-ECFCs and to optimize their recovery and expansion conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R., China
| | - Baitao Ma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R., China
| | - Shaoshuai Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R., China
| | - Ling Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R., China
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85
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Allan DS. Using umbilical cord blood for regenerative therapy: Proof or promise? Stem Cells 2020; 38:590-595. [PMID: 31995251 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The identification of nonhematopoietic progenitor cells in cord blood has spawned great interest in using cord blood cells for new indications in regenerative therapy. Many preclinical studies demonstrated improvement in reperfusion and markers of organ recovery using cord blood-derived cells in a range of animal models. Initial results heralded increasing clinical interest regarding the use of cord blood for regenerative therapy. Initial clinical studies were largely uncontrolled feasibility studies that were case series and reported on small numbers of patients. The emergence of controlled studies has been slower, although multiple controlled studies have been conducted in patients with cerebral palsy and type I diabetes. Heterogeneity in the cellular product, patients, study design, and the timing of outcome measurements remains barriers to meta-analysis and a clearer understanding of efficacy. Controlled studies of modest size have been reported for a range of additional conditions. The conduct of controlled clinical trials to evaluate potential new uses of cord blood for regenerative therapy remains essential. None of the indications studied to date can be regarded as proven. Moreover, consistency in outcome reporting in terms of the instruments used and the time points for assessment after therapy are needed, including longer follow-up of study participants. Frequent and careful evaluation of the evidence will allow cord blood banks, health care providers, and patients to assess potential new options in the use of cord blood for regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Allan
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa and Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Canada
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86
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Liu C, Wang J, Hu J, Fu B, Mao Z, Zhang H, Cai G, Chen X, Sun X. Extracellular vesicles for acute kidney injury in preclinical rodent models: a meta-analysis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:11. [PMID: 31900218 PMCID: PMC6942291 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially stem cell-derived EVs, have emerged as a potential novel therapy for acute kidney injury (AKI). However, their effects remain incompletely understood. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to systematically review the efficacy of EVs on AKI in preclinical rodent models. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Web of Science up to March 2019 to identify studies that reported the treatment effects of EVs in a rodent AKI model. The primary outcome was serum creatinine (Scr) levels. The secondary outcomes were the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, renal injury score, percentage of apoptotic cells, and interleukin (IL)-10 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels. Two authors independently screened articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 and R software. Results Thirty-one studies (n = 552) satisfied the inclusion criteria. Pooled analyses demonstrated that the levels of Scr (SMD = − 3.71; 95% CI = − 4.32, − 3.10; P < 0.01), BUN (SMD = − 3.68; 95% CI = − 4.42, − 2.94; P < 0.01), and TNF-α (SMD = − 2.65; 95% CI = − 4.98, − 0.32; P < 0.01); the percentage of apoptotic cells (SMD = − 6.25; 95% CI = − 8.10, − 4.39; P < 0.01); and the injury score (SMD = − 3.90; 95% CI = − 5.26, − 2.53; P < 0.01) were significantly decreased in the EV group, and the level of IL-10 (SMD = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.18, 3.02; P < 0.01) was significantly increased. Meanwhile, no significant difference was found between stem cell-derived EVs and stem cells. Conclusion The present meta-analysis confirmed that EV therapy could improve renal function and the inflammatory response status and reduce cell apoptosis in a preclinical rodent AKI model. This provides important clues for human clinical trials on EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, China.,Master Program of Medical Science in Clinical Investigation, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bo Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Mao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, China
| | - Hengda Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, China.
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87
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Quaglia M, Dellepiane S, Guglielmetti G, Merlotti G, Castellano G, Cantaluppi V. Extracellular Vesicles as Mediators of Cellular Crosstalk Between Immune System and Kidney Graft. Front Immunol 2020; 11:74. [PMID: 32180768 PMCID: PMC7057849 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known immune-modulators exerting a critical role in kidney transplantation (KT). EV bioactive cargo includes graft antigens, costimulatory/inhibitory molecules, cytokines, growth factors, and functional microRNAs (miRNAs) that may modulate expression of recipient cell genes. As paracrine factors, neutrophil- and macrophage-derived EVs exert immunosuppressive and immune-stimulating effects on dendritic cells, respectively. Dendritic cell-derived EVs mediate alloantigen spreading and modulate antigen presentation to T lymphocytes. At systemic level, EVs exert pleiotropic effects on complement and coagulation. Depending on their biogenesis, they can amplify complement activation or shed complement inhibitors and prevent cell lysis. Likewise, endothelial- and platelet-derived EVs can exert procoagulant/prothrombotic effects and also promote endothelial survival and angiogenesis after ischemic injury. Kidney endothelial- and tubular-derived EVs play a key role in ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and during the healing process; additionally, they can trigger rejection by inducing both alloimmune and autoimmune responses. Endothelial EVs have procoagulant/pro-inflammatory effects and can release sequestered self-antigens, generating a tissue-specific autoimmunity. Renal tubule-derived EVs shuttle pro-fibrotic mediators (TGF-β and miR-21) to interstitial fibroblasts and modulate neutrophil and T-lymphocyte influx. These processes can lead to peritubular capillary rarefaction and interstitial fibrosis-tubular atrophy. Different EVs, including those from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), have been employed as a therapeutic tool in experimental models of rejection and IRI. These particles protect tubular and endothelial cells (by inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation-fibrogenesis or by inducing autophagy) and stimulate tissue regeneration (by triggering angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and migration). Finally, urinary and serum EVs represent potential biomarkers for delayed graft function (DGF) and acute rejection. In conclusion, EVs sustain an intricate crosstalk between graft tissue and innate/adaptive immune systems. EVs play a major role in allorecognition, IRI, autoimmunity, and alloimmunity and are promising as biomarkers and therapeutic tools in KT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Quaglia
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
- Center for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Sergio Dellepiane
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
- Center for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, The Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gabriele Guglielmetti
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
- Center for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Guido Merlotti
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
- Center for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cantaluppi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
- Center for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
- *Correspondence: Vincenzo Cantaluppi
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Liu X, Wang L, Ma C, Wang G, Zhang Y, Sun S. Exosomes derived from platelet-rich plasma present a novel potential in alleviating knee osteoarthritis by promoting proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis of chondrocyte via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. J Orthop Surg Res 2019; 14:470. [PMID: 31888697 PMCID: PMC6936129 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-019-1529-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) provides a nonsurgical approach for treating osteoarthritis (OA). Exosomes that play vital roles in intercellular communication have been studied extensively. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential and molecular mechanism of exosomes derived from PRP (PRP-Exos) in alleviating OA. Methods Exosomes derived from PRP(PRP-Exos) were isolated and purified using the exoEasy Maxi Kit and then identified and analyzed. Primary rabbit chondrocytes were isolated and treated with interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) to establish the OA model in vitro. Proliferation, migration, and apoptosis assays were measured and compared between PRP-Exos and activated PRP (PRP-As) to evaluate the therapeutic effects on OA. The mechanism involving the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was investigated by Western blot analysis. In vivo, we established animal knee OA model by surgery to compare the therapeutic effect of PRP-Exos and PRP-As. Results We successfully isolated and purified exosomes from PRP using the exoEasy Maxi Kit. We also isolated and identified chondrocytes from the New Zealand white rabbit and established the IL-1β-induced OA model; meanwhile, PRP-Exos and PRP-As both inhibited the release of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and there was no statistically significant difference between the two. In proliferation, migration, scratch assay, the promoting effect of PRP-Exos was significantly more better than PRP-As. Furthermore, PRP-Exos could significantly decreased apoptotic rate of OA chondrocyte compared with PRP-As. In Western blot analysis, the expression of β-catenin, and RUNX2, Wnt5a were increased in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes, but PRP-Exos and PRP-As could both reverse these changes, and the reversal effect of the former was better than the latter. In vivo, we found that both PRP-Exos and PRP-As displayed the progression of OA, and the effect of PRP-Exos was obviously better than PRP-As by chondrocyte count and Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scoring system. Conclusion The therapeutic effects of PRP-Exos on OA were similar or better compared with those of PRP-As in vitro or in vivo. PRP-Exos acting as carriers containing growth factors derived from PRP present a novel therapy for OA by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchang Liu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwuweiqi Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Lubo Wang
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwuweiqi Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Chengshan Ma
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwuweiqi Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Guozong Wang
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanji Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shui Sun
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwuweiqi Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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Mianehsaz E, Mirzaei HR, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Rezaee A, Sahebnasagh R, Pourhanifeh MH, Mirzaei H, Hamblin MR. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: a new therapeutic approach to osteoarthritis? Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:340. [PMID: 31753036 PMCID: PMC6873475 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1445-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Degenerative disorders of joints, especially osteoarthritis (OA), result in persistent pain and disability and high costs to society. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms of OA have not yet been fully explained. OA is characterized by destruction of cartilage and loss of extracellular matrix (ECM). It is generally agreed that there is an association between pro-inflammatory cytokines and the development of OA. There is increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and “a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs” (ADAMTS). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been explored as a new treatment for OA during the last decade. It has been suggested that paracrine secretion of trophic factors, in which exosomes have a crucial role, contributes to the mechanism of MSC-based treatment of OA. The paracrine secretion of exosomes may play a role in the repair of joint tissue as well as MSC-based treatments for other disorders. Exosomes isolated from various stem cells may contribute to tissue regeneration in the heart, limbs, skin, and other tissues. Recent studies have indicated that exosomes (or similar particles) derived from MSCs may suppress OA development. Herein, for first time, we summarize the recent findings of studies on various exosomes derived from MSCs and their effectiveness in the treatment of OA. Moreover, we highlight the likely mechanisms of actions of exosomes in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Mianehsaz
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Rezaee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Roxana Sahebnasagh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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90
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The exosome-mediated autocrine and paracrine actions of plasma gelsolin in ovarian cancer chemoresistance. Oncogene 2019; 39:1600-1616. [PMID: 31700155 PMCID: PMC7018662 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OVCA) is the most lethal gynecological cancer, due predominantly to late presentation, high recurrence rate and common chemoresistance development. The expression of the actin-associated protein cytosolic gelsolin (GSN) regulates the gynecological cancer cell fate resulting in dysregulation in chemosensitivity. In this study, we report that elevated expression of plasma gelsolin (pGSN), a secreted isoform of GSN and expressed from the same GSN gene, correlates with poorer overall survival and relapse-free survival in patients with OVCA. In addition, it is highly expressed and secreted in chemoresistant OVCA cells than its chemosensitive counterparts. pGSN, secreted and transported via exosomes (Ex-pGSN), upregulates HIF1α–mediated pGSN expression in chemoresistant OVCA cells in an autocrine manner as well as confers cisplatin resistance in otherwise chemosensitive OVCA cells. These findings support our hypothesis that exosomal pGSN promotes OVCA cell survival through both autocrine and paracrine mechanisms that transform chemosensitive cells to resistant counterparts. Specifically, pGSN transported via exosomes is a determinant of chemoresistance in OVCA.
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91
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Zankar S, Rodriguez RA, Vinas JL, Burns KD. The therapeutic effects of microRNAs in preclinical studies of acute kidney injury: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2019; 8:235. [PMID: 31601257 PMCID: PMC6788089 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-1150-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes significant morbidity and mortality in humans, and there are currently no effective treatments to enhance renal recovery. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short chain nucleotides that regulate protein expression and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of AKI. Recently, preclinical studies in vivo have uncovered a therapeutic role for administration of specific miRNAs in AKI. However, the overall benefits of this strategy in preclinical studies have not been systematically reviewed, and the potential for translation to human studies is unclear. AIM The primary aim is to conduct a systematic review of the therapeutic properties of miRNAs in preclinical studies of AKI. The secondary aim is to determine potential adverse effects of miRNA administration in these studies. METHODS A comprehensive search strategy will identify relevant studies in AKI in vivo models, using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, OVID, PUBMED, and Web of Science databases. The search strategy will include terms for mammalian (non-human) AKI models, including injury related to ischemia/reperfusion, nephrotoxicity, sepsis, contrast agents, cardio-pulmonary bypass, and hemorrhagic shock. Interventions will be defined as direct administration of exogenous miRNAs or antagonists of miRNAs, as well as maneuvers that alter expression of miRNAs that are mechanistically linked to AKI outcomes. The primary outcomes will be indices of kidney function and structure, and there will be no restriction on comparator interventions. Two independent investigators will initially screen abstracts, and selected articles that meet eligibility criteria will be reviewed for data abstraction and analysis. The SYRCLE RoB tool for animal studies will determine risk of bias, and meta-analysis will be performed as appropriate. The GRADE methodology will assess the quality of evidence. DISCUSSION The administration of selective miRNA mimics or antagonists exerts beneficial effects in mammalian models of AKI, although multiple obstacles must be addressed prior to translation to human clinical trials. The proposed systematic review will document key miRNA candidates, and determine effect size estimates and sources of outcome bias. The review will also identify gaps in knowledge and guide future directions in AKI research. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42019128854.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Zankar
- Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6 Canada
| | - Rosendo A. Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6 Canada
| | - Jose Luis Vinas
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 1967 Riverside Drive, Rm. 535, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 7W9 Canada
| | - Kevin D. Burns
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 1967 Riverside Drive, Rm. 535, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 7W9 Canada
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92
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Mol EA, Lei Z, Roefs MT, Bakker MH, Goumans M, Doevendans PA, Dankers PYW, Vader P, Sluijter JPG. Injectable Supramolecular Ureidopyrimidinone Hydrogels Provide Sustained Release of Extracellular Vesicle Therapeutics. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900847. [PMID: 31559704 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles secreted by cells and have gained increasing interest as both drug delivery vehicles or as cell-free therapeutics for regenerative medicine. To achieve optimal therapeutic effects, strategies are being developed to prolong EV exposure to target organs. One promising approach to achieve this is through EV-loaded injectable hydrogels. In this study, the use of a hydrogel based on ureido-pyrimidinone (UPy) units coupled to poly(ethylene glycol) chains (UPy-hydrogel) is examined as potential delivery platform for EVs. The UPy-hydrogel undergoes a solution-to-gel transition upon switching from a high to neutral pH, allowing immediate gelation upon administration into physiological systems. Here, sustained EV release from the UPy-hydrogel measured over a period of 4 d is shown. Importantly, EVs retain their functional capacity after release. Upon local administration of fluorescently labeled EVs incorporated in a UPy-hydrogel in vivo, EVs are still detected in the UPy-hydrogel after 3 d, whereas in the absence of a hydrogel, EVs are internalized by fat and skin tissue near the injection site. Together, these data demonstrate that UPy-hydrogels provide sustained EV release over time and enhance local EV retention in vivo, which could contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy upon local delivery and translation toward new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma A. Mol
- Department of CardiologyLaboratory of Experimental CardiologyUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht 3584 The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Cell BiologyDepartment of Cell and Chemical BiologyLeiden University Medical Center Leiden 2333ZA The Netherlands
| | - Zhiyong Lei
- Department of CardiologyLaboratory of Experimental CardiologyUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht 3584 The Netherlands
| | - Marieke T. Roefs
- Department of CardiologyLaboratory of Experimental CardiologyUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht 3584 The Netherlands
| | - Maarten H. Bakker
- Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringLaboratory of Chemical BiologyEindhoven University of Technology 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Marie‐José Goumans
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Cell BiologyDepartment of Cell and Chemical BiologyLeiden University Medical Center Leiden 2333ZA The Netherlands
| | - Pieter A. Doevendans
- Department of CardiologyLaboratory of Experimental CardiologyUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht 3584 The Netherlands
- UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine CenterUniversity Medical Center Utrecht 3584CT The Netherlands
- CMH NL‐HI Utrecht 3584CX The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Y. W. Dankers
- Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringLaboratory of Chemical BiologyEindhoven University of Technology 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Vader
- Department of CardiologyLaboratory of Experimental CardiologyUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht 3584 The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and HaematologyUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht 3584 The Netherlands
| | - Joost P. G. Sluijter
- Department of CardiologyLaboratory of Experimental CardiologyUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht 3584 The Netherlands
- UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine CenterUniversity Medical Center Utrecht 3584CT The Netherlands
- University Utrecht Utrecht 3508TC The Netherlands
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93
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Wang SY, Hong Q, Zhang CY, Yang YJ, Cai GY, Chen XM. miRNAs in stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for acute kidney injury treatment: comprehensive review of preclinical studies. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:281. [PMID: 31481100 PMCID: PMC6724288 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1371-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has been applied in many fields. Basic and clinical studies on stem cell therapy for acute kidney injury (AKI) have been conducted. Stem cells have been found to exert renal protection through a variety of mechanisms, such as regulating the immune system and secreting growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Among them, EVs are considered to be important mediators for stem cell protection because they contain various biological components, including microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are a class of small RNAs that function in posttranscriptional gene regulation. A number of studies have confirmed that miRNAs in stem cell-derived EVs can protect from AKI. miRNAs can enter the injured renal tissue through EVs released from stem cells, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic, and pro-angiogenesis effects on AKI. However, the stem cell sources and AKI models used in these studies have differed. This article will summarize the miRNAs that play a role in kidney protection in stem cell EVs and clarifies the treatment characteristics and mechanisms of different miRNAs. This may provide a reference for clinical practice for acute and chronic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Quan Hong
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Chao-Yang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yuan-Jun Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Guang-Yan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Xiang-Mei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
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94
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Allan D, Tieu A, Lalu M, Burger D. Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles for regenerative therapy and immune modulation: Progress and challenges toward clinical application. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 9:39-46. [PMID: 31411820 PMCID: PMC6954691 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising form of regenerative therapy and immune modulation. Fundamental advances in our understanding of MSCs and EVs have allowed these fields to merge and create potential cell-free therapy options that are cell-based. EVs contain active cargo including proteins, microRNA, and mRNA species that can impact signaling responses in target cells to modify inflammatory and repair responses. Increasing numbers of preclinical studies in animals with various types of injury models have been published that demonstrate the potential impact of MSC-EV therapy. Although the emergence of registered clinical protocols suggests translation to clinical application has already begun, several barriers to more widespread clinical adoption remain. In this review, we highlight the progress made in MSC-derived small EV-based therapy by summarizing aspects pertaining to the starting material for MSC expansion, EV production, and isolation methods, studies from preclinical models that have established a foundation of knowledge to support translation into the patient setting, and potential barriers to overcome on the path to clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Allan
- Hematology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Regenerative Medicine Programs, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alvin Tieu
- Regenerative Medicine Programs, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manoj Lalu
- Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dylan Burger
- Regenerative Medicine Programs, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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95
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PBI-4050 via GPR40 activation improves adenine-induced kidney injury in mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:1587-1602. [PMID: 31308217 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PBI-4050 (3-pentylbenzenacetic acid sodium salt), a novel first-in-class orally active compound that has completed clinical Phases Ib and II in subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and metabolic syndrome respectively, exerts antifibrotic effects in several organs via a novel mechanism of action, partly through activation of the G protein receptor 40 (GPR40) receptor. Here we evaluate the effects of PBI-4050 in both WT and Gpr40-/- mice on adenine-induced tubulointerstitial injury, anemia and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. Adenine-induced CKD was achieved in 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice fed a diet supplemented with 0.25% adenine. After 1 week, PBI-4050 or vehicle was administered daily by oral-gavage for 3 weeks. Gpr40-/- mice were also subjected to adenine-feeding, with or without PBI-4050 treatment. PBI-4050 improved renal function and urine concentrating ability. Anemia was present in adenine-fed mice, while PBI-4050 blunted these effects and led to significantly higher plasma erythropoietin (EPO) levels. Adenine-induced renal fibrosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis were significantly decreased by PBI-4050. In parallel, Gpr40-/- mice were more susceptible to adenine-induced fibrosis, renal function impairment, anemia and ER stress compared with WT mice. Importantly, PBI-4050 treatment in Gpr40-/- mice failed to reduce renal injury in this model. Taken together, PBI-4050 prevented adenine-induced renal injury while these beneficial effects were lost upon Gpr40 deletion. These data reinforce PBI-4050's use as a renoprotective therapy and identify GPR40 as a crucial mediator of its beneficial effects.
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96
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Sluijter JPG, Davidson SM, Boulanger CM, Buzás EI, de Kleijn DPV, Engel FB, Giricz Z, Hausenloy DJ, Kishore R, Lecour S, Leor J, Madonna R, Perrino C, Prunier F, Sahoo S, Schiffelers RM, Schulz R, Van Laake LW, Ytrehus K, Ferdinandy P. Extracellular vesicles in diagnostics and therapy of the ischaemic heart: Position Paper from the Working Group on Cellular Biology of the Heart of the European Society of Cardiology. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:19-34. [PMID: 29106545 PMCID: PMC5852624 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs)—particularly exosomes and microvesicles (MVs)—are attracting considerable interest in the cardiovascular field as the wide range of their functions is recognized. These capabilities include transporting regulatory molecules including different RNA species, lipids, and proteins through the extracellular space including blood and delivering these cargos to recipient cells to modify cellular activity. EVs powerfully stimulate angiogenesis, and can protect the heart against myocardial infarction. They also appear to mediate some of the paracrine effects of cells, and have therefore been proposed as a potential alternative to cell-based regenerative therapies. Moreover, EVs of different sources may be useful biomarkers of cardiovascular disease identities. However, the methods used for the detection and isolation of EVs have several limitations and vary widely between studies, leading to uncertainties regarding the exact population of EVs studied and how to interpret the data. The number of publications in the exosome and MV field has been increasing exponentially in recent years and, therefore, in this ESC Working Group Position Paper, the overall objective is to provide a set of recommendations for the analysis and translational application of EVs focussing on the diagnosis and therapy of the ischaemic heart. This should help to ensure that the data from emerging studies are robust and repeatable, and optimize the pathway towards the diagnostic and therapeutic use of EVs in clinical studies for patient benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Petrus Gerardus Sluijter
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, 3508GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Edit Iren Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Immunoproteogenomics Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dominique Paschalis Victor de Kleijn
- Department of Vascular Surgery, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Felix Benedikt Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169609.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228.,The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK.,The National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Research & Development, Maple House 1st floor, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7DN, UK.,Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, W Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Raj Kishore
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and Lionel Opie Preclinical Imaging Core Facility, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Leor
- Neufeld Cardiac Research Institute, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Tamman Cardiovascular Research Institute, Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Center of Aging Science and Regenerative Medicine, CESI-Met and Institute of Cardiology, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School in Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrice Prunier
- Institut Mitovasc, CHU d'Angers, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Susmita Sahoo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ray Michel Schiffelers
- Laboratory Clinical Chemistry and Hematology Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Linda Wilhelmina Van Laake
- Division Heart and Lungs, and Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsti Ytrehus
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest 1089, Hungary and.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
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97
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Bruno S, Chiabotto G, Favaro E, Deregibus MC, Camussi G. Role of extracellular vesicles in stem cell biology. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C303-C313. [PMID: 31091143 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00129.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles carrying proteins, nucleic acids, and bioactive lipids of the cell of origin. These vesicles released within the extracellular space and entering into the circulation may transfer their cargo to neighboring or distant cells and induce phenotypical and functional changes that may be relevant in several physiopathological conditions. In an attempt to define the biological properties of EVs, several investigations have focused on their cargo and on the effects elicited in recipient cells. EVs have been involved in modulation of tumor microenvironment and behavior, as well as in the immune and inflammatory response. In the present review, we address the paracrine action of EVs released by stem cells and their potential involvement in the activation of regenerative programs in injured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Bruno
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Chiabotto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrica Favaro
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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98
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Xu N, Shao Y, Ye K, Qu Y, Memet O, He D, Shen J. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes attenuate phosgene-induced acute lung injury in rats. Inhal Toxicol 2019; 31:52-60. [PMID: 31068039 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2019.1597220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Center of Emergency & Intensive Care Unit, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Research Center of Chemical Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Center of Radiation Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiru Shao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Center of Emergency & Intensive Care Unit, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Research Center of Chemical Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Center of Radiation Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaili Ye
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Center of Emergency & Intensive Care Unit, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Research Center of Chemical Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Center of Radiation Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubei Qu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Center of Emergency & Intensive Care Unit, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Research Center of Chemical Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Center of Radiation Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Obulkasim Memet
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Center of Emergency & Intensive Care Unit, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Research Center of Chemical Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Center of Radiation Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daikun He
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Center of Emergency & Intensive Care Unit, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Research Center of Chemical Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Center of Radiation Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Center of Emergency & Intensive Care Unit, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Research Center of Chemical Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Medical Center of Radiation Injury, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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99
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Ramazzotti G, Ratti S, Fiume R, Follo MY, Billi AM, Rusciano I, Owusu Obeng E, Manzoli L, Cocco L, Faenza I. Phosphoinositide 3 Kinase Signaling in Human Stem Cells from Reprogramming to Differentiation: A Tale in Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Compartments. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20082026. [PMID: 31022972 PMCID: PMC6514809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20082026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can give rise to several different cell types and can self-renew. Given their ability to differentiate into different lineages, stem cells retain huge therapeutic potential for regenerative medicine. Therefore, the understanding of the signaling pathways involved in stem cell pluripotency maintenance and differentiation has a paramount importance in order to understand these biological processes and to develop therapeutic strategies. In this review, we focus on phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) since its signaling pathway regulates many cellular processes, such as cell growth, proliferation, survival, and cellular transformation. Precisely, in human stem cells, the PI3K cascade is involved in different processes from pluripotency and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) reprogramming to mesenchymal and oral mesenchymal differentiation, through different and interconnected mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ramazzotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Roberta Fiume
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Matilde Yung Follo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Billi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Isabella Rusciano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Eric Owusu Obeng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Irene Faenza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Chen P, Zheng L, Wang Y, Tao M, Xie Z, Xia C, Gu C, Chen J, Qiu P, Mei S, Ning L, Shi Y, Fang C, Fan S, Lin X. Desktop-stereolithography 3D printing of a radially oriented extracellular matrix/mesenchymal stem cell exosome bioink for osteochondral defect regeneration. Theranostics 2019; 9:2439-2459. [PMID: 31131046 PMCID: PMC6525998 DOI: 10.7150/thno.31017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress damage are hallmarks of osteoarthritis (OA). Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes are important in intercellular mitochondria communication. However, the use of MSC exosomes for regulating mitochondrial function in OA has not been reported. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect of MSC exosomes in a three dimensional (3D) printed scaffold for early OA therapeutics. Methods: We first examined the mitochondria-related proteins in normal and OA human cartilage samples and investigated whether MSC exosomes could enhance mitochondrial biogenesis in vitro. We subsequently designed a bio-scaffold for MSC exosomes delivery and fabricated a 3D printed cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM)/gelatin methacrylate (GelMA)/exosome scaffold with radially oriented channels using desktop-stereolithography technology. Finally, the osteochondral defect repair capacity of the 3D printed scaffold was assessed using a rabbit model. Results: The ECM/GelMA/exosome scaffold effectively restored chondrocyte mitochondrial dysfunction, enhanced chondrocyte migration, and polarized the synovial macrophage response toward an M2 phenotype. The 3D printed scaffold significantly facilitated the cartilage regeneration in the animal model. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the 3D printed, radially oriented ECM/GelMA/exosome scaffold could be a promising strategy for early OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province
| | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province
- Department of Orthopedics, 5th Affiliated Hospital, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Yiyun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province
| | - Ziang Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province
| | - Chen Xia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province
| | - Chenhui Gu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province
| | - Pengcheng Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province
| | - Sheng Mei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province
| | - Lei Ning
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province
| | - Yiling Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province
| | - Chen Fang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province
| | - Shunwu Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province
| | - Xianfeng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province
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