51
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Ho M, Lamont RJ, Chazin WJ, Chen H, Young DF, Kumar P, Xie H. Characterization and development of SAPP as a specific peptidic inhibitor that targets Porphyromonas gingivalis. Mol Oral Microbiol 2018; 33:430-439. [PMID: 30298683 PMCID: PMC6246824 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone bacterium in the oral microbial communities that elicits a dysbiosis between the microbiota and the host. Therefore, inhibition of this organism in dental plaques has been one of the strategies for preventing and treating chronic periodontitis. We previously identified a Streptococcal ArcA derived Anti-P gingivalils Peptide (SAPP) that in vitro, is capable of repressing the expression of several virulence genes in the organism. This leads to a significant reduction in P gingivalis virulence potential, including its ability to colonize on the surface of Streptococcus gordonii, to invade human oral epithelial cells, and to produce gingipains. In this study, we showed that SAPP had minimal cytotoxicity to human oral keratinocytes and gingival fibroblasts. We observed that SAPP directly bound to the cell surface of P gingivalis, and that alterations in the sequence at the N-terminus of SAPP diminished its abilities to interact with P gingivalis cells and repressed the expression of virulence genes. Most strikingly, we demonstrated using an ex-vivo assay that besides its inhibitory activity against P gingivalis colonization, SAPP could also reduce the levels of several other oral Gram-negative bacteria strongly associated with periodontitis in multispecies biofilms. Our results provide a platform for the development of SAPP-targeted therapeutics against chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ho
- Department of Oral Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - R. J. Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - W. J. Chazin
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - H. Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - D. F. Young
- General Practice Residency Program, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN. USA
| | - P. Kumar
- Department of Oral Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - H. Xie
- Department of Oral Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
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52
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Dual purpose hafnium oxide nanoparticles offer imaging Streptococcus mutans dental biofilm and fight it In vivo via a drug free approach. Biomaterials 2018; 181:252-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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53
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Miller DP, Wang Q, Weinberg A, Lamont RJ. Transcriptome analysis of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Acinetobacter baumannii in polymicrobial communities. Mol Oral Microbiol 2018; 33:364-377. [PMID: 29939498 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial, opportunistic pathogen that causes several serious conditions including meningitis, septicemia, endocarditis, and pneumonia. It can be found in the oral biofilm, which may be a reservoir for pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Subgingival colonization by A. baumannii is associated with chronic and aggressive periodontitis as well as refractory periodontal disease. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone periodontal pathogen localized to subgingival plaque, is also implicated in several chronic conditions including aspiration pneumonia. Although both bacteria are found together in subgingival plaque and can cause multiple polymicrobial infections, nothing is known about the interactions between these two important human pathogens. In this study, we used RNA sequencing to understand the transcriptional response of both species as they adapt to heterotypic communities. Among the differentially regulated genes were those encoding a number of important virulence factors for both species including adhesion, biofilm formation, and protein secretion. Additionally, the presence of A. baumannii increased the abundance of P. gingivalis in model dual-species communities. Collectively these results suggest that both P. gingivalis and A. baumannii adapt to each other and have synergistic potential for increased pathogenicity. In identifying the mechanisms that promote pathogenicity and refractory disease, novel approaches to mitigate polymicrobial synergistic interactions may be developed to treat or prevent associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Miller
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Q Wang
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - A Weinberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - R J Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky
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54
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Edmisson JS, Tian S, Armstrong CL, Vashishta A, Klaes CK, Miralda I, Jimenez-Flores E, Le J, Wang Q, Lamont RJ, Uriarte SM. Filifactor alocis modulates human neutrophil antimicrobial functional responses. Cell Microbiol 2018; 20:e12829. [PMID: 29377528 PMCID: PMC5980721 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Filifactor alocis is a newly appreciated pathogen in periodontal diseases. Neutrophils are the predominant innate immune cell in the gingival crevice. In this study, we examined modulation of human neutrophil antimicrobial functions by F. alocis. Both non-opsonised and serum-opsonised F. alocis were engulfed by neutrophils but were not efficiently eliminated. Challenge of neutrophils with either non-opsonised or serum-opsonised F. alocis induced a minimal intracellular as well as extracellular respiratory burst response compared to opsonised Staphylococcus aureus and fMLF, respectively. However, pretreatment or simultaneous challenge of neutrophils with F. alocis did not affect the subsequent oxidative response to a particulate stimulus, suggesting that the inability to trigger the respiratory response was only localised to F. alocis phagosomes. In addition, although neutrophils engulfed live or heat-killed F. alocis with the same efficiency, heat-killed F. alocis elicited a higher intracellular respiratory burst response compared to viable organisms, along with decreased surface expression of CD35, a marker of secretory vesicles. F. alocis phagosomes remained immature by delayed and reduced recruitment of specific and azurophil granules, respectively. These results suggest that F. alocis withstands neutrophil antimicrobial responses by preventing intracellular ROS production, along with specific and azurophil granule recruitment to the bacterial phagosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S. Edmisson
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shifu Tian
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Cortney L. Armstrong
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Aruna Vashishta
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Christopher K. Klaes
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Irina Miralda
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Emeri Jimenez-Flores
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Junyi Le
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Richard J. Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Silvia M. Uriarte
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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55
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Settem RP, Honma K, Shankar M, Li M, LaMonte M, Xu D, Genco RJ, Browne RW, Sharma A. Tannerella forsythia-produced methylglyoxal causes accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts to trigger cytokine secretion in human monocytes. Mol Oral Microbiol 2018; 33:292-299. [PMID: 29573211 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia has the unique ability to produce methylglyoxal (MGO), an electrophilic compound which can covalently modify amino acid side chains and generate inflammatory adducts known as advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). In periodontitis, concentrations of MGO in gingival-crevicular fluid are increased and are correlated with the T. forsythia load. However, the source of MGO and the extent to which MGO may contribute to periodontal inflammation has not been fully explored. In this study we identified a functional homolog of the enzyme methylglyoxal synthase (MgsA) involved in the production of MGO in T. forsythia. While wild-type T.forsythia produced a significant amount of MGO in the medium, a mutant lacking this homolog produced little to no MGO. Furthermore, compared with the spent medium of the T. forsythia parental strain, the spent medium of the T. forsythia mgsA-deletion strain induced significantly lower nuclear factor-kappa B activity as well as proinflammogenic and pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines from THP-1 monocytes. The ability of T. forsythia to induce protein glycation endproducts via MGO was confirmed by an electrophoresis-based collagen chain mobility shift assay. Together these data demonstrated that T. forsythia produces MGO, which may contribute to inflammation via the generation of AGEs and thus act as a potential virulence factor of the bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Settem
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Public Health and Health Related Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - K Honma
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Public Health and Health Related Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - M Shankar
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Related Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - M Li
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Public Health and Health Related Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - M LaMonte
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Related Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - D Xu
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Public Health and Health Related Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - R J Genco
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Public Health and Health Related Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - R W Browne
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Related Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - A Sharma
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Public Health and Health Related Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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56
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Abstract
The pleiomorphic yeast Candida albicans is a significant pathogen in immunocompromised individuals. In the oral cavity, C. albicans is an inhabitant of polymicrobial communities, and interspecies interactions promote hyphal formation and biofilm formation. C. albicans colonizes the subgingival area, and the frequency of colonization increases in periodontal disease. In this study, we investigated the interactions between C. albicans and the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalisC. albicans and P. gingivalis were found to coadhere in both the planktonic and sessile phases. Loss of the internalin-family protein InlJ abrogated adhesion of P. gingivalis to C. albicans, and recombinant InlJ protein competitively inhibited interspecies binding. A mutant of C. albicans deficient in expression of major hyphal protein Als3 showed diminished binding to P. gingivalis, and InlJ interacted with Als3 heterologously expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Transcriptional profiling by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) established that 57 genes were uniquely upregulated in an InlJ-dependent manner in P. gingivalis-C. albicans communities, with overrepresentation of those corresponding to 31 gene ontology terms, including those associated with growth and division. Of potential relevance to the disease process, C. albicans induced upregulation of components of the type IX secretion apparatus. Collectively, these findings indicate that InlJ-Als3-dependent binding facilitates interdomain community development between C. albicans and P. gingivalis and that P. gingivalis has the potential for increased virulence within such communities.IMPORTANCE Many diseases involve the concerted actions of microorganisms assembled in polymicrobial communities. Inflammatory periodontal diseases are among the most common infections of humans and result in destruction of gum tissue and, ultimately, in loss of teeth. In periodontal disease, pathogenic communities can include the fungus Candida albicans; however, the contribution of C. albicans to the synergistic virulence of the community is poorly understood. Here we characterize the interactions between C. albicans and the keystone bacterial pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis and show that coadhesion mediated by specific proteins results in major changes in gene expression by P. gingivalis, which could serve to increase pathogenic potential. The work provides significant insights into interdomain interactions that can enhance our understanding of diseases involving a multiplicity of microbial pathogens.
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Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to focus on the utilisation of pre- and probiotics for oral care and the state of knowledge at this time.
Design/methodology/approach
Pre- and probiotics describe beneficial carbohydrates and microbiota, respectively, for optimal gut health. Carbohydrates provide energy selectively for the gut-friendly bacteria. The use of both carbohydrates and bacteria is, however, being expanded into other areas of the body – including the skin, vagina and oral cavity – for health-related applications.
Findings
There is increased interest in both pre- and probiotics for oral care products. The importance of oral microflora and their selective substrates is discussed against a background of contemporary oral care approaches. The issues and benefits are discussed in this review.
Originality/value
It is clear that consumption of prebiotics and probiotics may play a role as potential prophylactic or therapeutic agents for reducing the presence of organisms in the mouth associated with tooth decay. To confirm a beneficial effect of pre- and probiotics further in vivo studies involving healthy human volunteers should be considered.
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58
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Ho MH, Lamont RJ, Xie H. A novel peptidic inhibitor derived from Streptococcus cristatus ArcA attenuates virulence potential of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16217. [PMID: 29176569 PMCID: PMC5701168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16522-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a global health problem and the 6th most common infectious disease worldwide. Porphyromonas gingivalis is considered a keystone pathogen in the disease and is capable of elevating the virulence potential of the periodontal microbial community. Strategies that interfere with P. gingivalis colonization and expression of virulence factor are therefore attractive approaches for preventing and treating periodontitis. We have previously reported that an 11-mer peptide (SAPP) derived from Streptococcus cristatus arginine deiminase (ArcA) was able to repress the expression and production of several well-known P. gingivalis virulence factors including fimbrial proteins and gingipains. Herein we expand and develop these studies to ascertain the impact of this peptide on phenotypic properties of P. gingivalis related to virulence potential. We found that growth rate was not altered by exposure of P. gingivalis to SAPP, while monospecies and heterotypic biofilm formation, and invasion of oral epithelial cells were inhibited. Additionally, SAPP was able to impinge the ability of P. gingivalis to dysregulate innate immunity by repressing gingipain-associated degradation of interleukin-8 (IL8). Hence, SAPP has characteristics that could be exploited for the manipulation of P. gingivalis levels in oral communities and preventing realization of virulence potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hsuan Ho
- Department of Oral Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Richard J Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Hua Xie
- Department of Oral Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA.
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59
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Esteban-Fernández A, Zorraquín-Peña I, González de Llano D, Bartolomé B, Moreno-Arribas MV. The role of wine and food polyphenols in oral health. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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60
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The Role of High-Mobility Group Box-1 and Its Crosstalk with Microbiome in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:5230374. [PMID: 29200665 PMCID: PMC5672636 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5230374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, definitely disabling, and potentially severe autoimmune disease. Although an increasing number of patients are affected, a key treatment for all patients has not been discovered. High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein passively and actively released by almost all cell types after several stimuli. HMGB1 is involved in RA pathogenesis, but a convincing explanation about its role and possible modulation in RA is still lacking. Microbiome and its homeostasis are altered in patients with RA, and the microbiota restoration has been proposed to patients with RA. The purpose of the present review is to analyze the available evidences regarding HMGB1 and microbiome roles in RA and the possible implications of the crosstalk between the nuclear protein and microbiome in understanding and possibly treating patients affected by this harmful condition.
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61
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Miller DP, Hutcherson JA, Wang Y, Nowakowska ZM, Potempa J, Yoder-Himes DR, Scott DA, Whiteley M, Lamont RJ. Genes Contributing to Porphyromonas gingivalis Fitness in Abscess and Epithelial Cell Colonization Environments. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:378. [PMID: 28900609 PMCID: PMC5581868 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is an important cause of serious periodontal diseases, and is emerging as a pathogen in several systemic conditions including some forms of cancer. Initial colonization by P. gingivalis involves interaction with gingival epithelial cells, and the organism can also access host tissues and spread haematogenously. To better understand the mechanisms underlying these properties, we utilized a highly saturated transposon insertion library of P. gingivalis, and assessed the fitness of mutants during epithelial cell colonization and survival in a murine abscess model by high-throughput sequencing (Tn-Seq). Transposon insertions in many genes previously suspected as contributing to virulence showed significant fitness defects in both screening assays. In addition, a number of genes not previously associated with P. gingivalis virulence were identified as important for fitness. We further examined fitness defects of four such genes by generating defined mutations. Genes encoding a carbamoyl phosphate synthetase, a replication-associated recombination protein, a nitrosative stress responsive HcpR transcription regulator, and RNase Z, a zinc phosphodiesterase, showed a fitness phenotype in epithelial cell colonization and in a competitive abscess infection. This study verifies the importance of several well-characterized putative virulence factors of P. gingivalis and identifies novel fitness determinants of the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Miller
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, United States
| | - Justin A Hutcherson
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, United States
| | - Zuzanna M Nowakowska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian UniversityKrakow, Poland
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian UniversityKrakow, Poland.,Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian UniversityKrakow, Poland
| | | | - David A Scott
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, United States
| | - Marvin Whiteley
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at AustinAustin, TX, United States
| | - Richard J Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, United States
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62
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Mugita N, Nambu T, Takahashi K, Wang PL, Komasa Y. Proteases, actinidin, papain and trypsin reduce oral biofilm on the tongue in elderly subjects and in vitro. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 82:233-240. [PMID: 28662376 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dental plaque is a causative factor for oral disease and a potential reservoir for respiratory infection in the elderly. Therefore, there is a critical need for the development of effective methods to remove oral biofilm. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of proteases on oral biofilm formation andremoval. DESIGN The in vivo effect of actinidin, a cysteine protease, on the removal of tongue coating was assessed after orally taking a protease tablet. Effects of the proteases trypsin, papain and actinidin on Actinomyces monospecies biofilm and multispecies biofilm that was reconstructed using a plaque sample from the tongue coating were investigated using the microtiter plate method. Antimicrobial tests and limited proteolysis of fimbrial shaft proteins were also performed to clarify underlying mechanisms of oral biofilm removal. RESULTS Tablets containing actinidin removed tongue coating in elderly subjects. Oral Actinomyces biofilm was significantly reduced by the proteases papain, actinidin and trypsin. Papain and trypsin effectively digested the major fimbrial proteins, FimP and FimA, from Actinomyces. Actinidin, papain and trypsin reduced multispecies biofilm that was reconstructed in vitro. Papain and trypsin inhibited formation of multispecies biofilm in vitro. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that proteases reduced oral biofilm in vivo in elderly subjects and in vitro, and suggests that protease digests fimbriae and inhibits biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naho Mugita
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-Hanazono, Hirakata, 573-1121 Japan.
| | - Takayuki Nambu
- Department of Bacteriology, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-Hanazono, Hirakata, 573-1121 Japan.
| | - Kazuya Takahashi
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-Hanazono, Hirakata, 573-1121 Japan
| | - Pao-Li Wang
- Department of Bacteriology, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-Hanazono, Hirakata, 573-1121 Japan
| | - Yutaka Komasa
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-Hanazono, Hirakata, 573-1121 Japan
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63
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Martiny D, Dauby N, Konopnicki D, Kampouridis S, Jissendi Tchofo P, Horoi M, Vlaes L, Retore P, Hallin M, Vandenberg O. MALDI-TOF MS contribution to the diagnosis of Campylobacter rectus multiple skull base and brain abscesses. New Microbes New Infect 2017; 19:83-86. [PMID: 28736616 PMCID: PMC5508623 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter rectus is rarely associated with invasive infection. Both the isolation and the identification requirements of C. rectus are fastidious, probably contributing to an underestimation of its burden. We report the case of a 66-year-old man who developed several skull base and intracerebral abscesses after dental intervention. Campylobacter rectus was isolated from the brain biopsy. Within 45 minutes of reading the bacterial plate, the strain was accurately identified by MALDI-TOF MS. This rapid identification avoided the extra costs and delays present with 16S rRNA gene sequencing and allowed for a rapid confirmation of the adequacy of the empirical antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Martiny
- National Reference Centre for Campylobacter, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
| | - N Dauby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Konopnicki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Kampouridis
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Jissendi Tchofo
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Horoi
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - L Vlaes
- National Reference Centre for Campylobacter, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Retore
- National Reference Centre for Campylobacter, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Hallin
- National Reference Centre for Campylobacter, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Centre for Molecular Biology, LHUB - ULB, Pôle Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - O Vandenberg
- National Reference Centre for Campylobacter, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Research Centre on Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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64
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Ho MH, Lamont RJ, Xie H. Identification of Streptococcus cristatus peptides that repress expression of virulence genes in Porphyromonas gingivalis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1413. [PMID: 28469253 PMCID: PMC5431200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01551-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental plaque is a complex multispecies biofilm, and is a direct precursor of periodontal disease. The virulence of periodontal pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, is expressed in the context of this polymicrobial community. Previously, we reported an antagonistic relationship between Streptococcus cristatus and P. gingivalis, and identified arginine deiminase (ArcA) of S. cristatus as the signaling molecule to which P. gingivalis responds by repressing the expression and production of FimA protein. Here we demonstrate that direct interaction between P. gingivalis and S. cristatus is necessary for the cell-cell communication. Two surface proteins of P. gingivalis, PGN_0294 and PGN_0806, were found to interact with S. cristatus ArcA. Using a peptide array analysis, we identified several P. gingivalis-binding sites of ArcA, which led to the discovery of an 11-mer peptide with the native sequence of ArcA that repressed expression of fimbriae and of gingipains. These data indicate that a functional motif of ArcA is sufficient to selectively alter virulence gene expression in P. gingivalis, and PGN_0294 and PGN_0806 may serve as receptors for ArcA. Our findings provide a molecular basis for future rational design of agents that interfere with the initiation and formation of a P. gingivalis-induced pathogenic community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hsuan Ho
- Department of Oral Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, United States
| | - Richard J Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, United States
| | - Hua Xie
- Department of Oral Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, United States.
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Corrêa JD, Calderaro DC, Ferreira GA, Mendonça SMS, Fernandes GR, Xiao E, Teixeira AL, Leys EJ, Graves DT, Silva TA. Subgingival microbiota dysbiosis in systemic lupus erythematosus: association with periodontal status. MICROBIOME 2017; 5:34. [PMID: 28320468 PMCID: PMC5359961 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis results from the interaction between a subgingival biofilm and host immune response. Changes in biofilm composition are thought to disrupt homeostasis between the host and subgingival bacteria resulting in periodontal damage. Chronic systemic inflammatory disorders have been shown to affect the subgingival microbiota and clinical periodontal status. However, this relationship has not been examined in subjects with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The objective of our study was to investigate the influence of SLE on the subgingival microbiota and its connection with periodontal disease and SLE activity. METHODS We evaluated 52 patients with SLE compared to 52 subjects without SLE (control group). Subjects were classified as without periodontitis and with periodontitis. Oral microbiota composition was assessed by amplifying the V4 region of 16S rRNA gene from subgingival dental plaque DNA extracts. These amplicons were examined by Illumina MiSeq sequencing. RESULTS SLE patients exhibited higher prevalence of periodontitis which occurred at a younger age compared to subjects of the control group. More severe forms of periodontitis were found in SLE subjects that had higher bacterial loads and decreased microbial diversity. Bacterial species frequently detected in periodontal disease were observed in higher proportions in SLE patients, even in periodontal healthy sites such as Fretibacterium, Prevotella nigrescens, and Selenomonas. Changes in the oral microbiota were linked to increased local inflammation, as demonstrated by higher concentrations of IL-6, IL-17, and IL-33 in SLE patients with periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS SLE is associated with differences in the composition of the microbiota, independently of periodontal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jôice Dias Corrêa
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Gabriel R. Fernandes
- René Rachou Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - E. Xiao
- Penn Dental School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Antônio Lúcio Teixeira
- University Hospital, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Eugene J. Leys
- College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Dana T. Graves
- Penn Dental School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Tarcília Aparecida Silva
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia e Cirurgia Odontológica, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31.270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
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66
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Potential relationship between periodontal diseases and eye diseases. Med Hypotheses 2016; 99:63-66. [PMID: 28110701 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are inflammatory lesions initiated by oral bacteria and lead to the destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth (gingiva, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone) in susceptible patient. Via several biological mechanisms, periodontal diseases have been associated with multiple systemic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer's disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Similarly certain eye diseases have been associated with systemic diseases of the inflammatory pathway. We hypothesized that periodontal diseases are associated with eye diseases. Thus using literature data we find that several studies have reported that eye disorders are associated with the presence of periodontal diseases. But the mechanisms of this relationship are not clear. However the innate immune response involvement, the sharing of similar risk factors in pathogenesis and the changes of eye choroid thickness may be suggested as several hypotheses to explain this potential association.
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67
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Tartaglia GM, Kumar S, Fornari CD, Corti E, Connelly ST. Mouthwashes in the 21 st century: a narrative review about active molecules and effectiveness on the periodontal outcomes. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:973-982. [PMID: 27835926 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1260118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Poor oral hygiene is a major risk factor for oral diseases. Regular home-based care is essential to maintain good oral hygiene. In particular, mouthrinses can support conventional tooth brushing in reducing accumulation of oral plaque. Areas covered: The most common molecules contained in mouthrinses (chlorhexidine, essential oils, cetyl pyridinium chloride, triclosan, octeneidine, delmopinol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, hyaluronic acid, natural compounds) are discussed, together with relevant clinical and in vitro studies, focusing on their effects on periodontal health. Currently, chlorhexidine is the most efficacious compound, with both antiplaque and antibacterial activities. Similar results are reported for essential oils and cetyl pyridinium chloride, although with a somewhat reduced efficacy. Considering the adverse effects of chlorhexidine and its time-related characteristics, this molecule may best be indicated for acute/short-term use, while essential oils and cetyl pyridinium chloride may be appropriate for long-term, maintenance treatment. Expert opinion: The literature has not clearly demonstrated which compound is the best for mouthrinses that combine good efficacy and acceptable side effects. Research should focus on substances with progressive antibacterial activity, prompting a gradual change in the composition of oral biofilm and mouthrinses that combine two or more molecules acting synergistically in the mouth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca M Tartaglia
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Functional Anatomy Research Center (FARC) , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy.,b SST Dental Clinic , Segrate , Italy
| | - Santhosh Kumar
- c Population and Social Health Research Programme, Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University , Gold Coast , Australia
| | | | - Eleonora Corti
- d Department of Regulatory Affairs , Biokosmes srl , Bosisio Parini , Italy
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68
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Filifactor alocis Promotes Neutrophil Degranulation and Chemotactic Activity. Infect Immun 2016; 84:3423-3433. [PMID: 27647870 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00496-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Filifactor alocis is a recently recognized periodontal pathogen; however, little is known regarding its interactions with the immune system. As the first-responder phagocytic cells, neutrophils are recruited in large numbers to the periodontal pocket, where they play a crucial role in the innate defense of the periodontium. Thus, in order to colonize, successful periodontal pathogens must devise means to interfere with neutrophil chemotaxis and activation. In this study, we assessed major neutrophil functions, including degranulation and cell migration, associated with the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway upon challenge with F. alocis. Under conditions lacking a chemotactic gradient, F. alocis-challenged neutrophils had increased migration compared to uninfected cells, indicating that F. alocis increases chemokinesis in human neutrophils. In addition, neutrophil chemotaxis induced by interleukin-8 was significantly enhanced when cells were challenged with F. alocis, compared to noninfected cells. Similar to live bacteria, heat-killed F. alocis induced both random and directed migration of human neutrophils. The interaction of F. alocis with Toll-like receptor 2 induced granule exocytosis along with a transient ERK1/2 and sustained p38 MAPK activation. Moreover, F. alocis-induced secretory vesicle and specific granule exocytosis were p38 MAPK dependent. Blocking neutrophil degranulation with TAT-SNAP23 fusion protein significantly reduced the chemotactic and random migration induced by F. alocis Therefore, we propose that induction of random migration by F. alocis will prolong neutrophil traffic time in the gingival tissue, and subsequent degranulation will contribute to tissue damage.
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69
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Kinnby B, Chávez de Paz LE. Plasminogen coating increases initial adhesion of oral bacteria in vitro. Microb Pathog 2016; 100:10-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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70
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Sato M, Yoshida Y, Nagano K, Hasegawa Y, Takebe J, Yoshimura F. Three CoA Transferases Involved in the Production of Short Chain Fatty Acids in Porphyromonas gingivalis. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1146. [PMID: 27486457 PMCID: PMC4949257 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA transferase, which produces butyrate and acetyl-CoA from butyryl-CoA and acetate, is responsible for the final step of butyrate production in bacteria. This study demonstrates that in the periodontopathogenic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis this reaction is not catalyzed by PGN_1171, previously annotated as butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA transferase, but by three distinct CoA transferases, PGN_0725, PGN_1341, and PGN_1888. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and spectrophotometric analyses were performed using crude enzyme extracts from deletion mutant strains and purified recombinant proteins. The experiments revealed that, in the presence of acetate, PGN_0725 preferentially utilized butyryl-CoA rather than propionyl-CoA. By contrast, this preference was reversed in PGN_1888. The only butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA transferase activity was observed in PGN_1341. Double reciprocal plots revealed that all the reactions catalyzed by these enzymes follow a ternary-complex mechanism, in contrast to previously characterized CoA transferases. GC-MS analysis to determine the concentrations of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in culture supernatants of P. gingivalis wild type and mutant strains revealed that PGN_0725 and PGN_1888 play a major role in the production of butyrate and propionate, respectively. Interestingly, a triple deletion mutant lacking PGN_0725, PGN_1341, and PGN_1888 produced low levels of SCFAs, suggesting that the microorganism contains CoA transferase(s) in addition to these three enzymes. Growth rates of the mutant strains were mostly slower than that of the wild type, indicating that many carbon compounds produced in the SCFA synthesis appear to be important for the biological activity of this microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsunari Sato
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin UniversityNagoya, Japan; Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin UniversityNagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yoshida
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiji Nagano
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Hasegawa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun Takebe
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fuminobu Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University Nagoya, Japan
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Botero JE, Rodríguez C, Agudelo-Suarez AA. Periodontal treatment and glycaemic control in patients with diabetes and periodontitis: an umbrella review. Aust Dent J 2016; 61:134-48. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JE Botero
- Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Antioquia; Medellín Colombia
| | - C Rodríguez
- Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Antioquia; Medellín Colombia
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72
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H. Kasper S, Hart R, Bergkvist M, A. Musah R, C. Cady N. Zein nanocapsules as a tool for surface passivation, drug delivery and biofilm prevention. AIMS Microbiol 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2016.4.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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73
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - N A Bhowmick
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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74
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Hutcherson JA, Gogeneni H, Yoder-Himes D, Hendrickson EL, Hackett M, Whiteley M, Lamont RJ, Scott DA. Comparison of inherently essential genes of Porphyromonas gingivalis identified in two transposon-sequencing libraries. Mol Oral Microbiol 2015; 31:354-64. [PMID: 26358096 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative anaerobe and keystone periodontal pathogen. A mariner transposon insertion mutant library has recently been used to define 463 genes as putatively essential for the in vitro growth of P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 in planktonic culture (Library 1). We have independently generated a transposon insertion mutant library (Library 2) for the same P. gingivalis strain and herein compare genes that are putatively essential for in vitro growth in complex media, as defined by both libraries. In all, 281 genes (61%) identified by Library 1 were common to Library 2. Many of these common genes are involved in fundamentally important metabolic pathways, notably pyrimidine cycling as well as lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis, and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Also in common are genes encoding heat-shock protein homologues, sigma factors, enzymes with proteolytic activity, and the majority of sec-related protein export genes. In addition to facilitating a better understanding of critical physiological processes, transposon-sequencing technology has the potential to identify novel strategies for the control of P. gingivalis infections. Those genes defined as essential by two independently generated TnSeq mutant libraries are likely to represent particularly attractive therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hutcherson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - H Gogeneni
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - D Yoder-Himes
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - E L Hendrickson
- Center for Microbial Proteomics and Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M Hackett
- Center for Microbial Proteomics and Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M Whiteley
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - R J Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - D A Scott
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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75
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Relationship between Periodontitis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Review of the Literature. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:259074. [PMID: 26347200 PMCID: PMC4539505 DOI: 10.1155/2015/259074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis (PD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are immunoinflammatory diseases where leukocyte infiltration and inflammatory mediators induce alveolar bone loss, synovitis, and joint destruction, respectively. Thus, we reviewed the relationship between both diseases considering epidemiological aspects, mechanical periodontal treatment, inflammatory mediators, oral microbiota, and antibodies, using the keywords “periodontitis” and “rheumatoid arthritis” in PubMed database between January 2012 and March 2015, resulting in 162 articles. After critical reading based on titles and abstracts and following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 26 articles were included. In the articles, women over 40 years old, smokers and nonsmokers, mainly constituted the analyzed groups. Eight studies broached the epidemiological relationship with PD and RA. Four trials demonstrated that the periodontal treatment influenced the severity of RA and periodontal clinical parameters. Nine studies were related with bacteria influence in the pathogenesis of RA and the presence of citrullinated proteins, autoantibodies, or rheumatoid factor in patients with PD and RA. Five studies investigated the presence of mediators of inflammation in PD and RA. In summary, the majority of the articles have confirmed that there is a correlation between PD and RA, since both disorders have characteristics in common and result from an imbalance in the immunoinflammatory response.
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76
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Wang Q, Sztukowska M, Ojo A, Scott DA, Wang H, Lamont RJ. FOXO responses to Porphyromonas gingivalis in epithelial cells. Cell Microbiol 2015; 17:1605-17. [PMID: 25958948 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a prominent periodontal, and emerging systemic, pathogen that redirects host cell signalling pathways and modulates innate immune responses. In this study, we show that P. gingivalis infection induces the dephosphorylation and activation of forkhead box-O (FOXO)1, 3 and 4 in gingival epithelial cells. In addition, immunofluorescence showed that FOXO1 accumulated in the nucleus of P. gingivalis-infected cells. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR demonstrated that transcription of genes involved in protection against oxidative stress (Cat, Sod2, Prdx3), inflammatory responses (IL1β) and anti-apoptosis (Bcl-6) was induced by P. gingivalis, while small-interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of FOXO1 suppressed the transcriptional activation of these genes. P. gingivalis-induced secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and inhibition of apoptosis were also impeded by FOXO1 knockdown. Neutralization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by N-acetyl-l-cysteine blocked the activation of FOXO1 by P. gingivalis and concomitantly suppressed the activation of oxidative stress responses, anti-apoptosis programmes and IL-β production. Inhibition of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) either pharmacologically or by siRNA, reduced FOXO1 activation and downstream FOXO1-dependent gene regulation in response to P. gingivalis. The results indicate that P. gingivalis-induced ROS activate FOXO transcription factors through JNK signalling, and that FOXO1 controls oxidative stress responses, inflammatory cytokine production and cell survival. These data position FOXO as an important signalling node in the epithelial cell-P. gingivalis interaction, with particular relevance to cell fate and dysbiotic host responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Maryta Sztukowska
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Akintunde Ojo
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - David A Scott
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Huizhi Wang
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Richard J Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
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Olsen I. From the Acta Prize Lecture 2014: the periodontal-systemic connection seen from a microbiological standpoint. Acta Odontol Scand 2015; 73:563-8. [PMID: 25891035 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2015.1007480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To give an overview of the periodontal-systemic connection seen from a microbiologist. METHODS Original research papers, review articles and workshop proceedings were consulted. RESULTS Periodontal bacteria can cross epithelial cells, enter the circulation, invade endothelial cells, induce endothelial cell dysfunction and activate inflammatory and immune responses. Several studies support the association between periodontitis (PD) and cardiovascular disease. Severe PD involves a risk for development of type 2 diabetes. Maternal PD is moderately associated with adverse pregnancy outcome and pre-eclampsia. Dental plaque can contain respiratory pathogens able to promote chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumonia. Periodontal bacterial DNA has been detected in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Minor evidence exists for associations between PD and chronic kidney disease, obesity, cancer, metabolic syndrome and cognitive impairment. Concerns can be raised as to the interpretation of some study results due to heterogeneity in definitions used for PD, too much weight upon in vitro studies with a few selected organisms and failing recognition that the majority of the periodontal microbiota is not yet cultivated. CONCLUSION Periodontal bacteria may participate in extra-oral infections such as CVD, diabetes, APO, pre-eclampsia, COPD, pneumonia, RA, CKD, obesity, cancer, MetS and cognitive impairment. Most knowledge is based on associations which do not necessarily imply causality. Future studies should reach consensus on the definition of PD and systemic disease outcomes, recognize the full spectrum of the microbiota in PD and bacteremia, including not-yet-cultivated organisms and delineate the clinical significance of genetic strain variations and the role of periodontopathogenic vs gut organisms within atheromatous lesions. For demonstration of causality, large, long-term clinical studies should use well-defined criteria for PD and robust disease outcomes to elucidate the importance of PD intervention and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingar Olsen
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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78
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Ozkan B, Topuk SN, Taser N, Filik L. Oral microbiota change, tooth decay and hemorrhoidal disease. Anaerobe 2015; 33:137. [PMID: 25817607 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bugra Ozkan
- Ankara Research Hospital, Gastroenterology Clinic, Turkey
| | - Sinem N Topuk
- Ankara Research Hospital, Gastroenterology Clinic, Turkey
| | - Nesibe Taser
- Ankara Research Hospital, Gastroenterology Clinic, Turkey
| | - Levent Filik
- Ankara Research Hospital, Gastroenterology Clinic, Turkey.
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Abstract
Oral health is integrally linked to overall well-being. This article describes a research program focused on the contribution of poor oral health to systemic illness. Initial investigations examined factors related to streptococcal virulence that were important in dental caries and endocarditis and led to development of immunization strategies in animal models to reduce risk of endocarditis. Clinical investigations related to critically ill adults began with descriptive and observational studies that established the importance of dental plaque in development of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and examined existing nursing practices in oral care. Subsequent intervention studies sponsored by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to test oral care protocols in critically ill adults have built on that foundation. The group's first NIH-funded randomized clinical trial tested the effects of toothbrushing and use of chlorhexidine in reducing risk of VAP in critically ill adults and showed that VAP was reduced by topical application of chlorhexidine initiated after intubation, although toothbrushing did not reduce VAP. The study had a rapid and dramatic effect on clinical practice. Results of the study were published in September 2009 in the American Journal of Critical Care, and in May 2010, the Institute for Health-care Improvement updated the recommendations for the care of patients receiving mechanical ventilation (the ventilator bundle) to include daily oral care with chlorhexidine, referencing the results of that study as evidence for the change. Chlorhexidine is now the standard of care for adults receiving mechanical ventilation. Because the effects of chlorhexidine after intubation were so beneficial, a second recently completed NIH-funded randomized clinical trial investigated the impact of chlorhexidine applied before intubation compared with after intubation. Currently a large randomized clinical trial is being launched to determine the optimal frequency of toothbrushing for critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation in an effort to maximize oral health benefits while minimizing systemic risks. The importance of collaboration and mentoring in building nursing science is discussed. Future directions for research also are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy L. Munro
- Cindy L. Munro is coeditor in chief of the American Journal of Critical Care and associate dean for research and innovation at University of South Florida College of Nursing in Tampa
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80
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Association of periodontal disease with oral cancer: a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:7073-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1951-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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