Disorders of sex development in the dog—Adoption of a new nomenclature and reclassification of reported cases

Ectopic endometrial tissue in mesonephric duct remnants in bitches

Common congenital embryonic remnants of the canine female genital tract are Gartner cysts originating from mesonephric duct remnants. They can increase in size and lead to adverse effects in fertility and health. In the present study, three cases of mesonephric remnants in bitches were analysed. The mesonephric remnants featured an inner lining endometrium comprising surface epithelium, glands and stroma. This ectopic endometrium was further characterized by immunohistochemistry (oestrogen and progesterone receptors, proliferation activity, cytokeratin, alpha smooth muscle actin, and vimentin) and lectin histochemistry compared with normal uterine endometrium. Furthermore, hypertrophic cells at the serosal site of the uteri were detected and analysed in the same way compared with normal serosa. The ectopic endometrium of case no. 2 mesonephric remnant was comparable with normal endometrium whereas in nos 1 and 3 uteri the ectopic endometrium was reduced in thickness. In all mesonephric remnants, surface and glandular epithelial cells of the ectopic endometrium gave positive immunoreactions for cytokeratin, oestrogen and progesterone receptors and showed lectin-binding patterns comparable with normal endometrium. Some of the stromal cells of the ectopic endometria were smooth muscle actin and vimentin positive. Mitotic activity of the ectopic endometria was comparable with normal endometria. Hypertrophic epithelial cells of the serosal side showed positive reactions to anti-oestrogen receptor and anti-cytokeratin immunohistochemistry as well as lectin binding patterns and mitotic activity comparable with the normal canine serosa. The present study is the first considerable immunohistochemical characterization of canine mesonephric remnants and discusses the appearance of ectopic endometrium in mesonephric remnants.