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Boers HE, Haroon M, Le Grand F, Bakker AD, Klein‐Nulend J, Jaspers RT. ---Mechanosensitivity of aged muscle stem cells. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:632-641. [PMID: 29094772 PMCID: PMC5888196 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
During aging, skeletal muscle tissue progressively declines in mass, strength, and regenerative capacity. Decreased muscle stem cell (MuSC) number and impaired function might underlie the aging-related muscle wasting and impaired regenerative capacity. As yet, the search for factors that regulate MuSC fate and function has revealed several biochemical factors within the MuSC niche that may be responsible for the decline in MuSC regenerative capacity. This decline cannot be explained by environmental factors solely, as the MuSC potential to regenerate muscle tissue is not reversed by changing the biochemical MuSC niche composition. Here we discuss the likeliness that during physical exercise, MuSCs within their niche are subjected to mechanical loads, in particular pressure and shear stress, as well as associated deformations. We postulate that these physical cues are involved in the activation and differentiation of MuSCs as these cells contain several transmembrane sensor proteins that have been shown to be mechanosensitive in other cell types, that is, endothelial cells and osteoprogenitors. We will specifically address age-related changes in mechanosensing in MuSCs and their niche. Insight in the physical cues applied to the MuSCs in vivo, and how these cues affect MuSC fate and function, helps to develop new therapeutic interventions to counterbalance age-related muscle loss. This requires an approach combining two- and three-dimensional live cell imaging of MuSCs within contracting muscle tissue, mathematical finite element modeling, and cell biology. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 36:632-641, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen E. Boers
- Laboratory for MyologyFaculty of Behavioural and Movement SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam Movement SciencesDe Boelelaan 11081081 HZ AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Mohammad Haroon
- Laboratory for MyologyFaculty of Behavioural and Movement SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam Movement SciencesDe Boelelaan 11081081 HZ AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Fabien Le Grand
- Sorbonne UniversitésUPMC Univ Paris 06INSERM UMRS974CNRS FRE3617Center for Research in Myology75013 ParisFrance
| | - Astrid D. Bakker
- Department of Oral Cell BiologyAcademic Centre for Dentistry AmsterdamUniversity of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam Movement SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jenneke Klein‐Nulend
- Department of Oral Cell BiologyAcademic Centre for Dentistry AmsterdamUniversity of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam Movement SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Richard T. Jaspers
- Laboratory for MyologyFaculty of Behavioural and Movement SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam Movement SciencesDe Boelelaan 11081081 HZ AmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Past, Present, and Future Perspective of Targeting Myostatin and Related Signaling Pathways to Counteract Muscle Atrophy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1088:153-206. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1435-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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The Role of IGF-1 Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1088:109-137. [PMID: 30390250 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1435-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a key anabolic growth factor stimulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling which is well known for regulating muscle hypertrophy. However, the role of IGF-1 in muscle atrophy is less clear. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms via which IGF-1 signaling is implicated in several conditions of muscle atrophy and via which mechanisms protein turnover is altered. IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signaling stimulates the rate of protein synthesis via p70S6Kinase and p90 ribosomal S6 kinase and negatively regulates protein degradation, predominantly by its inhibiting effect on proteasomal and lysosomal protein degradation. Caspase-dependent protein degradation is also attenuated by IGF/PI3K/Akt signaling, whereas evidence for an effect on calpain-dependent protein degradation is inconclusive. IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signaling reduces during denervation-, unloading-, and joint immobilization-induced muscle atrophy, whereas IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signaling seems unaltered during aging-associated muscle atrophy. During denervation and aging, IGF-1 overexpression or injection counteracts denervation- and aging-associated muscle atrophy, despite enhanced anabolic resistance with regard to IGF-1 signaling with aging. It remains unclear whether pharmacological stimulation of IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signaling attenuates immobilization- or unloading-induced muscle atrophy. Exploration of the possibilities to interfere with IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signaling reveals that microRNAs targeting IGF-1 signaling components are promising targets to counterbalance muscle atrophy. Overall, the findings summarized in this review show that in disuse conditions, but not with aging, IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signaling is attenuated and that in some conditions stimulation of this pathway may alleviate skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Vorobej K, Mitchell AS, Smith IC, Donath S, Russell Tupling A, Quadrilatero J. The effect of ARC ablation on skeletal muscle morphology, function, and apoptotic signaling during aging. Exp Gerontol 2017; 101:69-79. [PMID: 29056555 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Augmented apoptotic signaling can result in degradation of skeletal muscle proteins and loss of myonuclei, ultimately contributing to muscle atrophy and contractile dysfunction. Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) is an anti-apoptotic protein highly expressed in skeletal muscle. Here we examined the role of ARC on age-related skeletal muscle apoptosis and wasting by utilizing an ARC-deficient mouse model. Aged mice displayed a number of morphological, phenotypic, and contractile alterations in both soleus and plantaris muscle with aging. Although no differences were found in proteolytic enzyme activity, ARC protein decreased while several anti-apoptotic proteins (e.g., BCL2, BCLXL, HSP70, and XIAP) and the release of mitochondrial housed protein (i.e., SMAC, AIF) increased in aged muscle. Importantly, ARC KO mice had low muscle weights and fewer fibers in soleus, with 2-year-old ARC KO mice displaying lower mitochondrial BCL2 protein along with augmented release of CYTC and SMAC in red/oxidative muscle. Overall, these results indicate that aged skeletal muscle undergoes atrophy as well as contractile and fiber type composition alterations despite an increase in anti-apoptotic protein expression. Although some mitochondrial-specific apoptotic alterations occurred in skeletal muscle due to ARC ablation over the lifespan, our data suggest that ARC may not have a large influence during skeletal muscle aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Vorobej
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew S Mitchell
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian C Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefan Donath
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charite-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, HELIOS Clinics GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Russell Tupling
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joe Quadrilatero
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
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Guillory B, Chen JA, Patel S, Luo J, Splenser A, Mody A, Ding M, Baghaie S, Anderson B, Iankova B, Halder T, Hernandez Y, Garcia JM. Deletion of ghrelin prevents aging-associated obesity and muscle dysfunction without affecting longevity. Aging Cell 2017; 16:859-869. [PMID: 28585250 PMCID: PMC5506439 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During aging, decreases in energy expenditure and locomotor activity lead to body weight and fat gain. Aging is also associated with decreases in muscle strength and endurance leading to functional decline. Here, we show that lifelong deletion of ghrelin prevents development of obesity associated with aging by modulating food intake and energy expenditure. Ghrelin deletion also attenuated the decrease in phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (pAMPK) and downstream mediators in muscle, and increased the number of type IIa (fatigue resistant, oxidative) muscle fibers, preventing the decline in muscle strength and endurance seen with aging. Longevity was not affected by ghrelin deletion. Treatment of old mice with pharmacologic doses of ghrelin increased food intake, body weight, and muscle strength in both ghrelin wild‐type and knockout mice. These findings highlight the relevance of ghrelin during aging and identify a novel AMPK‐dependent mechanism for ghrelin action in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobby Guillory
- Division of Diabetes; Endocrinology and Metabolism; MCL; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases; Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
| | - Ji-an Chen
- Division of Diabetes; Endocrinology and Metabolism; MCL; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases; Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
- Department of Health Education; College of Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Shivam Patel
- Division of Diabetes; Endocrinology and Metabolism; MCL; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases; Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
| | - Jiaohua Luo
- Division of Diabetes; Endocrinology and Metabolism; MCL; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases; Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
- Department of Environmental Hygiene; College of Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Andres Splenser
- Division of Diabetes; Endocrinology and Metabolism; MCL; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases; Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
| | - Avni Mody
- Division of Diabetes; Endocrinology and Metabolism; MCL; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases; Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
| | - Michael Ding
- Division of Diabetes; Endocrinology and Metabolism; MCL; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases; Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
- GRECC; VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington; Seattle WA USA
| | - Shiva Baghaie
- Division of Diabetes; Endocrinology and Metabolism; MCL; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases; Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
| | - Barbara Anderson
- GRECC; VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington; Seattle WA USA
| | - Blaga Iankova
- Division of Diabetes; Endocrinology and Metabolism; MCL; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases; Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
| | - Tripti Halder
- Division of Diabetes; Endocrinology and Metabolism; MCL; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases; Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
| | - Yamileth Hernandez
- Division of Diabetes; Endocrinology and Metabolism; MCL; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases; Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
| | - Jose M. Garcia
- Division of Diabetes; Endocrinology and Metabolism; MCL; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases; Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
- GRECC; VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington; Seattle WA USA
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Bondì M, Germinario E, Pirazzini M, Zanetti G, Cencetti F, Donati C, Gorza L, Betto R, Bruni P, Danieli-Betto D. Ablation of S1P3 receptor protects mouse soleus from age-related drop in muscle mass, force, and regenerative capacity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 313:C54-C67. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00027.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of S1P3 deficiency on the age-related atrophy, decline in force, and regenerative capacity of soleus muscle from 23-mo-old male (old) mice. Compared with muscle from 5-mo-old (adult) mice, soleus mass and muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) in old wild-type mice were reduced by ~26% and 24%, respectively. By contrast, the mass and fiber CSA of soleus muscle in old S1P3-null mice were comparable to those of adult muscle. Moreover, in soleus muscle of wild-type mice, twitch and tetanic tensions diminished from adulthood to old age. A slowing of contractile properties was also observed in soleus from old wild-type mice. In S1P3-null mice, neither force nor the contractile properties of soleus changed during aging. We also evaluated the regenerative capacity of soleus in old S1P3-null mice by stimulating muscle regeneration through myotoxic injury. After 10 days of regeneration, the mean fiber CSA of soleus in old wild-type mice was significantly smaller (−28%) compared with that of regenerated muscle in adult mice. On the contrary, the mean fiber CSA of regenerated soleus in old S1P3-null mice was similar to that of muscle in adult mice. We conclude that in the absence of S1P3, soleus muscle is protected from the decrease in muscle mass and force, and the attenuation of regenerative capacity, all of which are typical characteristics of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bondì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Germinario
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
| | - Marco Pirazzini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Zanetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Cencetti
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Mario Serio, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy; and
| | - Chiara Donati
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Mario Serio, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy; and
| | - Luisa Gorza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Romeo Betto
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
- National Research Council-Institute for Neuroscience, Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Bruni
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Mario Serio, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy; and
| | - Daniela Danieli-Betto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
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Bott KN, Gittings W, Fajardo VA, Baranowski BJ, Vandenboom R, LeBlanc PJ, Ward WE, Peters SJ. Musculoskeletal structure and function in response to the combined effect of an obesogenic diet and age in male C57BL/6J mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28556515 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The effects of a long-term high fat and sucrose diet (HFS) superimposed with aging on bone and muscle structure and/or function. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6J mice (20 weeks of age) were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: baseline (BSL, n = 12), or assigned to a control (AGE, n = 12) or HFS (HFS-AGE, n = 11) diet for 13 weeks. Trabecular bone structure, volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), and body composition, were measured longitudinally at 20, 24, and 32 weeks of age. In vitro contractile measures were performed on isolated soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles for each group. Both AGE and HFS-AGE had similar declines in trabecular bone structure, while HFS-AGE resulted in increased soleus cross-sectional area (CSA) compared to AGE, but this did not translate to greater twitch or tetanic peak force. The ratio of outcomes of bone to muscle declined in both AGE and HFS-AGE compared to BSL as a result of greater declines in trabecular bone structure than muscle function. CONCLUSION Consumption of a 13-week HFS diet at 20 weeks of age did not exacerbate age-related declines in bone or muscle, but these tissues do not decline in a coordinate manner with greater declines in bone than muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten N Bott
- Department of Kinesiology & Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - William Gittings
- Department of Kinesiology & Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Val Andrew Fajardo
- Department of Health Sciences & Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Bradley J Baranowski
- Department of Kinesiology & Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Rene Vandenboom
- Department of Kinesiology & Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Paul J LeBlanc
- Department of Health Sciences & Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Wendy E Ward
- Department of Kinesiology & Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Department of Health Sciences & Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra J Peters
- Department of Kinesiology & Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
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58
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Melchioretto EF, Zeni M, Veronez DADL, Martins EL, Fraga RD. Quantitative analysis of the renal aging in rats. Stereological study. Acta Cir Bras 2017; 31:346-52. [PMID: 27275857 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020160050000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the renal function and the renal histological alterations through the stereology and morphometrics in rats submitted to the natural process of aging. METHODS Seventy two Wistar rats, divided in six groups. Each group was sacrificed in a different age: 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months. It was performed right nephrectomy, stereological and morphometric analysis of the renal tissue (renal volume and weight, density of volume (Vv[glom]) and numerical density (Nv[glom]) of the renal glomeruli and average glomerular volume (Vol[glom])) and also it was evaluated the renal function for the dosage of serum creatinine and urea. RESULTS There was significant decrease of the renal function in the oldest rats. The renal volume presented gradual increase during the development of the rats with the biggest values registered in the group of animals at 12 months of age and significant progressive decrease in older animals. Vv[glom] presented statistically significant gradual reduction between the groups and the Nv[glom] also decreased significantly. CONCLUSIONS The renal function proved to be inferior in senile rats when compared to the young rats. The morphometric and stereological analysis evidenced renal atrophy, gradual reduction of the volume density and numerical density of the renal glomeruli associated to the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Felippe Melchioretto
- Fellow Master degree, Postgraduate Program in Surgical Clinic, Department of Urology, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Curitiba-PR, Brazil. Scientific, intellectual, conception and design of the study; acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data; technical procedures; histopathological examinations; statitics analysis; manuscript writing; critical revision., Universidade Federal do Paraná, Department of Urology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba PR , Brazil
| | - Marcelo Zeni
- MD, Volunteer, Department of Urology, UFPR, Curitiba-PR, Brazil. Scientific and intellectual content of the study, acquisition of data, technical procedures., Universidade Federal do Paraná, Department of Urology, UFPR, Curitiba PR , Brazil
| | - Djanira Aparecida da Luz Veronez
- PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, UFPR, Curitiba-PR, Brazil. Scientific, intellectual, conception and design of the study; analysis and interpretation of data; histopathological examinations; critical revision., Universidade Federal do Paraná, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, UFPR, Curitiba PR , Brazil
| | - Eduardo Lopes Martins
- Graduate student, School of Medicine, UFPR, Curitiba-PR, Brazil. Acquisition of data, technical procedures, histopathological examinations., Universidade Federal do Paraná, School of Medicine, UFPR, Curitiba PR , Brazil
| | - Rogério de Fraga
- PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, UFPR, Curitiba-PR, Brazil. Scientific, intellectual, conception and design of the study; analysis and interpretation of data; statistics analysis; critical revision., Universidade Federal do Paraná, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, UFPR, Curitiba PR , Brazil
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59
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Coelho Junior HJ, Rodrigues B, Feriani DJ, Gonçalves IDO, Asano RY, Aguiar SDS, Uchida MC. Effects of Multicomponent Exercise on Functional and Cognitive Parameters of Hypertensive Patients: A Quasi-Experimental Study. J Aging Res 2017; 2017:1978670. [PMID: 28409030 PMCID: PMC5376403 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1978670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of a 6-month multicomponent exercise program (MCEP) on physical function and cognitive parameters of normotensive (NTS) and hypertensive (HTS) older patients and verify if age can influence the adaptations in response to the exercise. Methods. A total of 218 subjects, 101 NTS and 117 HTS, were recruited and underwent functional and cognitive evaluations before and after six months of a MCEP. The program of exercise was performed twice a week, for 26 weeks. The physical exercises were thought to mimic the activities of daily living and, therefore, aggregated functional and walking exercises. Exercise sessions were performed at moderate intensity. Results. Data indicated that HTS and NST patients showed a similar increase in the performance of walking speed test and one-leg stand test after the MCEP. Regarding age, results did not show differences in the magnitude of adaptations between old and young HTS and NTS patients. Conclusions. Data of the present study indicated that a 6-month MCEP was able to increase equally balance and mobility in NTS and HTS patients. Moreover, data demonstrated that aging did not seem to impair the capacity to adapt in response to exercise in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Rodrigues
- School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo Yukio Asano
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Samuel da Silva Aguiar
- Brazil School of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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van Dijk M, Dijk FJ, Bunschoten A, van Dartel DAM, van Norren K, Walrand S, Jourdan M, Verlaan S, Luiking Y. Improved muscle function and quality after diet intervention with leucine-enriched whey and antioxidants in antioxidant deficient aged mice. Oncotarget 2017; 7:17338-55. [PMID: 26943770 PMCID: PMC4951216 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant (AOX) deficiencies are commonly observed in older adults and oxidative stress has been suggested to contribute to sarcopenia. Here we investigate if 1) low levels of dietary antioxidants had a negative impact on parameters of muscle mass, function and quality, and 2) to study if nutritional interventions with AOX and/or leucine-enriched whey protein could improve these muscle parameters in aged mice. 18-months-old mice were fed a casein-based antioxidant-deficient (lowox) diet or a casein-based control-diet (CTRL) for 7 months. During the last 3 months, lowox-mice were subjected to either: a) continued lowox, b) supplementation with vitamin A/E, Selenium and Zinc (AOX), c) substitution of casein with leucine-enriched whey protein (PROT) or d) a combination of both AOX and PROT (TOTAL). After 7 months lowox-mice displayed lower muscle strength and more muscle fatigue compared to CTRL. Compared to lowox-mice, PROT-mice showed improved muscle power, grip strength and less muscle fatigue. AOX-mice showed improved oxidative status, less muscle fatigue, improved grip strength and mitochondrial dynamics compared to lowox-mice. The TOTAL-mice showed the combined effects of both interventions compared to lowox-mice. In conclusion, nutritional intervention with AOX and/or leucine-enriched whey protein can play a role in improving muscle health in a AOX-deficient mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam van Dijk
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Francina J Dijk
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies Bunschoten
- Department of Animal Sciences, Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dorien A M van Dartel
- Department of Animal Sciences, Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaske van Norren
- Nutrition and Pharmacology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marion Jourdan
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sjors Verlaan
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yvette Luiking
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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61
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Bortolini MJS, Silva MV, Alonso FM, Medeiros LA, Carvalho FR, Costa LF, Silva NM, Penha-Silva N, Mineo TWP, Mineo JR. Strength and Aerobic Physical Exercises Are Able to Increase Survival of Toxoplasma gondii-Infected C57BL/6 Mice by Interfering in the IFN-γ Expression. Front Physiol 2016; 7:641. [PMID: 28066269 PMCID: PMC5179569 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise has been implicated in several immunophysiological improvements, particularly during the aging process, when an immunocompromised status could be established. Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that causes a widespread opportunistic infection, which may present severe consequences, mainly to the fetus and immunocompromised patients. It is estimated that one-third of the human population worldwide has been infected by this parasite, being the reactivation during immunesenescence an unexplored public health issue. The major purpose of the present study was to observe the immunophysiological differences between exercised vs. sedentary C57BL/6 male mice that have been experimentally infected by T. gondii. In the first set of experiments, the animals were infected after exercising and three groups were set up: experimental groups—infected sedentary (IS, n = 6); infected exercised (IEx, n = 6) and control group—non-infected sedentary (NIS, n = 6). When stimulated in vitro by T. gondii-soluble tachyzoite antigen, it was found that splenocytes from exercised group produced higher levels of IFN-γ, as well as of IFN-γ/IL-10 ratios in comparison with splenocytes from sedentary animals (P < 0.001). However, it was not found significant differences concerning quantification of T. gondii genomic DNA by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis in brain cysts from both group of animals (P > 0.05). In order to further investigate the consequences of these data for the host, a second set of experiments was performed, when the animals were infected before exercising and four groups of animals were established for comparison purpose, as follows: experimental groups—infected sedentary (IS, n = 7); infected exercised (IEx, n = 6) and control groups—non-infected sedentary (NIS, n = 6) and non-infected exercised (NIEx, n = 6). It was found significant differences in the survival rates of the exercised group the animals, as they survived longer than sedentary groups (P = 0.0005). In both sets of experiments, mice have been submitted to moderate exercises: aerobic (14 m/min; 3 x/week) and strength (60–80% of one maximum repetition; 2 x/week). Overall, our findings are showing that the aerobic and strength exercises are able to modulate immune response against T. gondii infection, being these immunological features beneficial to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel J S Bortolini
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de UberlândiaUberlândia, Brazil; Laboratório de Exercícios Físicos Resistidos e Aeróbicos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do AcreRio Branco, Brazil
| | - Murilo V Silva
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Fábio M Alonso
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Luciana A Medeiros
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Fernando R Carvalho
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Lourenço F Costa
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Neide M Silva
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Nilson Penha-Silva
- Laboratório de Biofisicoquímica, Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Tiago W P Mineo
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - José R Mineo
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia, Brazil
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van Dijk M, Nagel J, Dijk FJ, Salles J, Verlaan S, Walrand S, van Norren K, Luiking Y. Sarcopenia in older mice is characterized by a decreased anabolic response to a protein meal. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2016; 69:134-143. [PMID: 27918964 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is associated with sarcopenia, a progressive decline of skeletal muscle mass, muscle quality and muscle function. Reduced sensitivity of older muscles to respond to anabolic stimuli, i.e. anabolic resistance, is part of the underlying mechanisms. Although, muscle parameters have been studied in mice of various ages/strains; the aim was to study if mice display similar deteriorating processes as human ageing. Therefore, 10,16,21 and 25 months-old C57BL6/6J male mice were studied to measure parameters of sarcopenia and factors contributing to its pathophysiology, with the aim of characterizing sarcopenia in old mice. Muscle mass of the hind limb was lower in 25 as compared to 10 month-old mice. A significant decrease in physical daily activity, muscle grip strength and ex vivo muscle maximal force production was observed in 25 compared to 10 month-old mice. The muscle anabolic response to a single protein meal showed increased muscle protein synthesis in young, but not in old mice, indicative to anabolic resistance. However, by increasing the protein content in meals, anabolic resistance could be overcome, similar as in human elderly. Additionally, aged mice showed higher fasted insulin and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (=marker oxidative stress). This study shows clear characteristics of sarcopenia that coincide with anabolic resistance, insulin resistance and oxidative stress in 25 month-old C57/BL6 male mice, similar to human ageing. Furthermore, similar decline in muscle mass, strength and function was observed in this aged-mice-model. These observations offer potential for the future to explore in old mice the effects of interventions targeting sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam van Dijk
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jolanda Nagel
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Francina J Dijk
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jerôme Salles
- Unite de Nutrition Humaine, INRA-UdA, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Sjors Verlaan
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | - Yvette Luiking
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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63
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Jaspers RT, Zillikens MC, Friesema ECH, Paoli G, Bloch W, Uitterlinden AG, Goglia F, Lanni A, Lange P. Exercise, fasting, and mimetics: toward beneficial combinations? FASEB J 2016; 31:14-28. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600652r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard T. Jaspers
- Laboratory for MyologyMove Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - Edith C. H. Friesema
- Division of PharmacologyVascular and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Paoli
- Department of EnvironmentalBiological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples Caserta Italy
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport MedicineGerman Sport University Cologne Cologne Germany
| | | | - Fernando Goglia
- Department of Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of Sannio Benevento Italy
| | - Antonia Lanni
- Department of EnvironmentalBiological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples Caserta Italy
| | - Pieter Lange
- Department of EnvironmentalBiological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples Caserta Italy
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64
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Danos N, Holt NC, Sawicki GS, Azizi E. Modeling age-related changes in muscle-tendon dynamics during cyclical contractions in the rat gastrocnemius. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 121:1004-1012. [PMID: 27493196 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00396.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient muscle-tendon performance during cyclical tasks is dependent on both active and passive mechanical tissue properties. Here we examine whether age-related changes in the properties of muscle-tendon units (MTUs) compromise their ability to do work and utilize elastic energy storage. We empirically quantified passive and active properties of the medial gastrocnemius muscle and material properties of the Achilles tendon in young (∼6 mo) and old (∼32 mo) rats. We then used these properties in computer simulations of a Hill-type muscle model operating in series with a Hookean spring. The modeled MTU was driven through sinusoidal length changes and activated at a phase that optimized muscle-tendon tuning to assess the relative contributions of active and passive elements to the force and work in each cycle. In physiologically realistic simulations where young and old MTUs started at similar passive forces and developed similar active forces, the capacity of old MTUs to store elastic energy and produce positive work was compromised. These results suggest that the observed increase in the metabolic cost of locomotion with aging may be in part due to the recruitment of additional muscles to compensate for the reduced work at the primary MTU. Furthermore, the age-related increases in passive stiffness coupled with a reduced active force capacity in the muscle can lead to shifts in the force-length and force-velocity operating range that may significantly impact mechanical and metabolic performance. Our study emphasizes the importance of the interplay between muscle and tendon mechanical properties in shaping MTU performance during cyclical contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Danos
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California; and
| | - Natalie C Holt
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California; and
| | - Gregory S Sawicki
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Emanuel Azizi
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California; and
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65
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Yamada S, Tsuruya K, Yoshida H, Tokumoto M, Ueki K, Ooboshi H, Kitazono T. Factors Associated with the Serum Myostatin Level in Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis: Potential Effects of Skeletal Muscle Mass and Vitamin D Receptor Activator Use. Calcif Tissue Int 2016; 99:13-22. [PMID: 26895008 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0118-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Myostatin is a member of the transforming growth factor-β family, which regulates synthesis and degradation of skeletal muscle proteins and is associated with the development of sarcopenia. It is up-regulated in the skeletal muscle of chronic kidney disease patients and is considered to be involved in the development of uremic sarcopenia. However, serum myostatin levels have rarely been determined, and the relationship between serum myostatin levels with clinical and metabolic factors remains unknown. This cross-sectional study investigated the association between serum myostatin level and clinical factors in 69 outpatients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Serum myostatin level was determined by commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Univariable and multivariable analysis were conducted to determine factors associated with serum myostatin levels. The factors included age, sex, diabetes mellitus, dialysis history, body mass index, residual kidney function, peritoneal dialysate volume, serum biochemistries, and the use of vitamin D receptor activators (VDRAs). Mean serum myostatin level was 7.59 ± 3.37 ng/mL. There was no association between serum myostatin level and residual kidney function. Serum myostatin levels were significantly and positively associated with lean body mass measured by the creatinine kinetic method and negatively associated with the use of VDRAs after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Our study indicated that serum myostatin levels are associated with skeletal muscle mass and are lower in patients treated with VDRAs. Further studies are necessary to determine the significance of measuring serum myostatin level in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Yamada
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Tsuruya
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
- Department of Integrated Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Hisako Yoshida
- Department of Integrated Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masanori Tokumoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Ueki
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ooboshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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66
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Carter HN, Chen CCW, Hood DA. Mitochondria, muscle health, and exercise with advancing age. Physiology (Bethesda) 2016; 30:208-23. [PMID: 25933821 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00039.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle health is dependent on the optimal function of its mitochondria. With advancing age, decrements in numerous mitochondrial variables are evident in muscle. Part of this decline is due to reduced physical activity, whereas the remainder appears to be attributed to age-related alterations in mitochondrial synthesis and degradation. Exercise is an important strategy to stimulate mitochondrial adaptations in older individuals to foster improvements in muscle function and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather N Carter
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris C W Chen
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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67
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Ballak SB, Busé-Pot T, Harding PJ, Yap MH, Deldicque L, de Haan A, Jaspers RT, Degens H. Blunted angiogenesis and hypertrophy are associated with increased fatigue resistance and unchanged aerobic capacity in old overloaded mouse muscle. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:39. [PMID: 26970774 PMCID: PMC5006008 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9894-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesize that the attenuated hypertrophic response in old mouse muscle is (1) partly due to a reduced capillarization and angiogenesis, which is (2) accompanied by a reduced oxidative capacity and fatigue resistance in old control and overloaded muscles, that (3) can be rescued by the antioxidant resveratrol. To investigate this, the hypertrophic response, capillarization, oxidative capacity, and fatigue resistance of m. plantaris were compared in 9- and 25-month-old non-treated and 25-month-old resveratrol-treated mice. Overload increased the local capillary-to-fiber ratio less in old (15 %) than in adult (59 %) muscle (P < 0.05). Although muscles of old mice had a higher succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity (P < 0.05) and a slower fiber type profile (P < 0.05), the isometric fatigue resistance was similar in 9- and 25-month-old mice. In both age groups, the fatigue resistance was increased to the same extent after overload (P < 0.01), without a significant change in SDH activity, but an increased capillary density (P < 0.05). Attenuated angiogenesis during overload may contribute to the attenuated hypertrophic response in old age. Neither was rescued by resveratrol supplementation. Changes in fatigue resistance with overload and aging were dissociated from changes in SDH activity, but paralleled those in capillarization. This suggests that capillarization plays a more important role in fatigue resistance than oxidative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam B Ballak
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, John Dalton Building, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
- Laboratory for Myology, Move Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tinelies Busé-Pot
- Laboratory for Myology, Move Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Harding
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, John Dalton Building, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Moi H Yap
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, John Dalton Building, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Louise Deldicque
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, FaBeR, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arnold de Haan
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, John Dalton Building, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
- Laboratory for Myology, Move Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard T Jaspers
- Laboratory for Myology, Move Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Degens
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, John Dalton Building, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.
- Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
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68
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Pannérec A, Springer M, Migliavacca E, Ireland A, Piasecki M, Karaz S, Jacot G, Métairon S, Danenberg E, Raymond F, Descombes P, McPhee JS, Feige JN. A robust neuromuscular system protects rat and human skeletal muscle from sarcopenia. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 8:712-29. [PMID: 27019136 PMCID: PMC4925824 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Declining muscle mass and function is one of the main drivers of loss of independence in the elderly. Sarcopenia is associated with numerous cellular and endocrine perturbations, and it remains challenging to identify those changes that play a causal role and could serve as targets for therapeutic intervention. In this study, we uncovered a remarkable differential susceptibility of certain muscles to age-related decline. Aging rats specifically lose muscle mass and function in the hindlimbs, but not in the forelimbs. By performing a comprehensive comparative analysis of these muscles, we demonstrate that regional susceptibility to sarcopenia is dependent on neuromuscular junction fragmentation, loss of motoneuron innervation, and reduced excitability. Remarkably, muscle loss in elderly humans also differs in vastus lateralis and tibialis anterior muscles in direct relation to neuromuscular dysfunction. By comparing gene expression in susceptible and non-susceptible muscles, we identified a specific transcriptomic signature of neuromuscular impairment. Importantly, differential molecular profiling of the associated peripheral nerves revealed fundamental changes in cholesterol biosynthetic pathways. Altogether our results provide compelling evidence that susceptibility to sarcopenia is tightly linked to neuromuscular decline in rats and humans, and identify dysregulation of sterol metabolism in the peripheral nervous system as an early event in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Pannérec
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Margherita Springer
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eugenia Migliavacca
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alex Ireland
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Mathew Piasecki
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Sonia Karaz
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Jacot
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylviane Métairon
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Esther Danenberg
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Raymond
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Descombes
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jamie S. McPhee
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Jerome N. Feige
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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69
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Das MM, Avalos P, Suezaki P, Godoy M, Garcia L, Chang CD, Vit JP, Shelley B, Gowing G, Svendsen CN. Human neural progenitors differentiate into astrocytes and protect motor neurons in aging rats. Exp Neurol 2016; 280:41-9. [PMID: 27032721 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Age-associated health decline presents a significant challenge to healthcare, although there are few animal models that can be used to test potential treatments. Here, we show that there is a significant reduction in both spinal cord motor neurons and motor function over time in the aging rat. One explanation for this motor neuron loss could be reduced support from surrounding aging astrocytes. Indeed, we have previously shown using in vitro models that aging rat astrocytes are less supportive to rat motor neuron function and survival over time. Here, we test whether rejuvenating the astrocyte niche can improve the survival of motor neurons in an aging spinal cord. We transplanted fetal-derived human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) into the aging rat spinal cord and found that the cells survive and differentiate into astrocytes with a much higher efficiency than when transplanted into younger animals, suggesting that the aging environment stimulates astrocyte maturation. Importantly, the engrafted astrocytes were able to protect against motor neuron loss associated with aging, although this did not result in an increase in motor function based on behavioral assays. We also transplanted hNPCs genetically modified to secrete glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) into the aging rat spinal cord, as this combination of cell and protein delivery can protect motor neurons in animal models of ALS. During aging, GDNF-expressing hNPCs protected motor neurons, though to the same extent as hNPCs alone, and again had no effect on motor function. We conclude that hNPCs can survive well in the aging spinal cord, protect motor neurons and mature faster into astrocytes when compared to transplantation into the young spinal cord. While there was no functional improvement, there were no functional deficits either, further supporting a good safety profile of hNPC transplantation even into the older patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie M Das
- The Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Pablo Avalos
- The Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Patrick Suezaki
- The Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Marlesa Godoy
- The Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Leslie Garcia
- The Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christine D Chang
- The Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jean-Philippe Vit
- Biobehavioral Research Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Brandon Shelley
- The Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Genevieve Gowing
- The Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Clive N Svendsen
- The Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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70
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Varian BJ, Goureshetti S, Poutahidis T, Lakritz JR, Levkovich T, Kwok C, Teliousis K, Ibrahim YM, Mirabal S, Erdman SE. Beneficial bacteria inhibit cachexia. Oncotarget 2016; 7:11803-16. [PMID: 26933816 PMCID: PMC4914249 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle wasting, known as cachexia, is a debilitating condition associated with chronic inflammation such as during cancer. Beneficial microbes have been shown to optimize systemic inflammatory tone during good health; however, interactions between microbes and host immunity in the context of cachexia are incompletely understood. Here we use mouse models to test roles for bacteria in muscle wasting syndromes. We find that feeding of a human commensal microbe, Lactobacillus reuteri, to mice is sufficient to lower systemic indices of inflammation and inhibit cachexia. Further, the microbial muscle-building phenomenon extends to normal aging as wild type animals exhibited increased growth hormone levels and up-regulation of transcription factor Forkhead Box N1 [FoxN1] associated with thymus gland retention and longevity. Interestingly, mice with a defective FoxN1 gene (athymic nude) fail to inhibit sarcopenia after L. reuteri therapy, indicating a FoxN1-mediated mechanism. In conclusion, symbiotic bacteria may serve to stimulate FoxN1 and thymic functions that regulate inflammation, offering possible alternatives for cachexia prevention and novel insights into roles for microbiota in mammalian ontogeny and phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard J. Varian
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sravya Goureshetti
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Theofilos Poutahidis
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jessica R. Lakritz
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tatiana Levkovich
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Caitlin Kwok
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Konstantinos Teliousis
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Yassin M. Ibrahim
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sheyla Mirabal
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Susan E. Erdman
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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71
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Wyckelsma VL, McKenna MJ, Levinger I, Petersen AC, Lamboley CR, Murphy RM. Cell specific differences in the protein abundances of GAPDH and Na(+),K(+)-ATPase in skeletal muscle from aged individuals. Exp Gerontol 2015; 75:8-15. [PMID: 26747222 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Na(+), K(+)-ATPase (NKA) isoforms (α1,α2,α3,β1,β2,β3) are involved in the maintenance of membrane potential and hence are important regulators of cellular homeostasis. Given the age-related decline in skeletal muscle function, we investigated whether the natural physiological process of aging is associated with altered abundance of NKA isoforms (α1,α2,α3,β1,β2,β3) or of the commonly used control protein, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Importantly, measurements were made in both whole muscle or specific fiber types obtained from skeletal muscle biopsies. Seventeen healthy older (AGED, 69.4 ± 3.5 years, mean ± SD) and 14 younger (YOUNG, 25.5 ± 2.8 years) adults underwent a muscle biopsy for biochemical analyses. Comparing homogenates from AGED and YOUNG individuals revealed higher β3 isoform (p<0.05) and lower GAPDH (p<0.05). Analysis of individual fibers in muscle from YOUNG individuals, showed greater α3 and β2 isoforms, and more GAPDH in Type II compared with Type I fibers (p<0.05). In the AGED, GAPDH was higher in Type II compared with Type I fibers (p<0.05), there were no fiber type differences in the NKA isoforms (p>0.05). Compared with the same fiber type in YOUNG, α1 was greater (Type I) and α3 lower (Type II), while in both fiber types, β2 was lower, β3 greater and GAPDH lower, in muscle from AGED individuals (all p<0.05). Overall, we demonstrate that (i) GAPDH is an inappropriate choice of protein for normalization in all skeletal muscle research and (ii) full understanding of the role of NKA isoforms in human skeletal muscle requires consideration of age and muscle fiber type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Wyckelsma
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael J McKenna
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aaron C Petersen
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cedric R Lamboley
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn M Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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72
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Lamboley CR, Wyckelsma VL, McKenna MJ, Murphy RM, Lamb GD. Ca(2+) leakage out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum is increased in type I skeletal muscle fibres in aged humans. J Physiol 2015; 594:469-81. [PMID: 26574292 DOI: 10.1113/jp271382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The amount of Ca(2+) stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of muscle fibres is decreased in aged individuals, and an important question is whether this results from increased Ca(2+) leakage out through the Ca(2+) release channels (ryanodine receptors; RyRs). The present study examined the effects of blocking the RyRs with Mg(2+), or applying a strong reducing treatment, on net Ca(2+) accumulation by the SR in skinned muscle fibres from Old (∼70 years) and Young (∼24 years) adults. Raising cytoplasmic [Mg(2+)] and reducing treatment increased net SR Ca(2+) accumulation in type I fibres of Old subjects relative to that in Young. The densities of RyRs and dihydropyridine receptors were not significantly changed in the muscle of Old subjects. These findings indicate that oxidative modification of the RyRs causes increased Ca(2+) leakage from the SR in muscle fibres in Old subjects, which probably deleteriously affects normal muscle function both directly and indirectly. ABSTRACT The present study examined whether the lower Ca(2+) storage levels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in vastus lateralis muscle fibres in Old (70 ± 4 years) relative to Young (24 ± 4 years) human subjects is the result of increased leakage of Ca(2+) out of the SR through the Ca(2+) release channels/ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and due to oxidative modification of the RyRs. SR Ca(2+) accumulation in mechanically skinned muscle fibres was examined in the presence of 1, 3 or 10 mm cytoplasmic Mg(2+) because raising [Mg(2+)] strongly inhibits Ca(2+) efflux through the RyRs. In type I fibres of Old subjects, SR Ca(2+) accumulation in the presence of 1 mm Mg(2+) approached saturation at shorter loading times than in Young subjects, consistent with Ca(2+) leakage limiting net uptake, and raising [Mg(2+)] to 10 mm in such fibres increased maximal SR Ca(2+) accumulation. No significant differences were seen in type II fibres. Treatment with dithiothreitol (10 mm for 5 min), a strong reducing agent, also increased maximal SR Ca(2+) accumulation at 1 mm Mg(2+) in type I fibres of Old subjects but not in other fibres. The densities of dihydropyridine receptors and RyRs were not significantly different in muscles of Old relative to Young subjects. These findings indicate that Ca(2+) leakage from the SR is increased in type I fibres in Old subjects by reversible oxidative modification of the RyRs; this increased SR Ca(2+) leak is expected to have both direct and indirect deleterious effects on Ca(2+) movements and muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Lamboley
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - V L Wyckelsma
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - M J McKenna
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - R M Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - G D Lamb
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
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73
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Chalil S, Pierre N, Bakker AD, Manders RJ, Pletsers A, Francaux M, Klein-Nulend J, Jaspers RT, Deldicque L. Aging related ER stress is not responsible for anabolic resistance in mouse skeletal muscle. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 468:702-7. [PMID: 26551463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Anabolic resistance reflects the inability of skeletal muscle to maintain protein mass by appropriate stimulation of protein synthesis. We hypothesized that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contributes to anabolic resistance in skeletal muscle with aging. Muscles were isolated from adult (8 mo) and old (26 mo) mice and weighed. ER stress markers in each muscle were quantified, and the anabolic response to leucine was assessed by measuring the phosphorylation state of S6K1 in soleus and EDL using an ex vivo muscle model. Aging reduced the muscle-to-body weight ratio in soleus, gastrocnemius, and plantaris, but not in EDL and tibialis anterior. Compared to adult mice, the expression of ER stress markers BiP and IRE1α was higher in EDL, and phospho-eIF2α was higher in soleus and EDL of old mice. S6K1 response to leucine was impaired in soleus, but not in EDL, suggesting that anabolic resistance contributes to soleus weight loss in old mice. Pre-incubation with ER stress inducer tunicamycin before leucine stimulation increased S6K1 phosphorylation beyond the level reached by leucine alone. Since tunicamycin did not impair leucine-induced S6K1 response, and based on the different ER stress marker regulation patterns, ER stress is probably not involved in anabolic resistance in skeletal muscle with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeda Chalil
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, Box 1500, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Pierre
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Pierre de Coubertin 1, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Astrid D Bakker
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ralph J Manders
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, the Leggett Building, Guildford, GU2 7WG, Surrey, UK
| | - Annelies Pletsers
- Laboratory for Myology, Move Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Francaux
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Pierre de Coubertin 1, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jenneke Klein-Nulend
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard T Jaspers
- Laboratory for Myology, Move Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louise Deldicque
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, Box 1500, 3001, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Pierre de Coubertin 1, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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74
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Abstract
Frailty is highly prevalent in the elderly, increasing the risk of poor outcomes that include falls, incident disability, hospitalization, and mortality. Thus, a great need exists to characterize the underlying mechanisms and ultimately identify strategies that prevent, delay, and even reverse frailty. Mouse models can provide insight into molecular mechanisms of frailty by reducing variability in lifestyle and genetic factors that can complicate interpretation of human clinical data. Frailty, generally recognized as a syndrome involving reduced homeostatic reserve in response to physiologic challenges and increasing susceptibility to poor health outcomes, is predominantly assessed using two independent strategies, integrated phenotype and deficit accumulation. The integrated phenotype defines frailty by the presentation of factors affecting functional capacity such as weight loss, exhaustion, low activity levels, slow gait, and grip strength. The deficit accumulation paradigm draws parameters from a greater range of physiological systems, such as the ability to perform daily activities, coordination and gait, mental components, physiological problems, and history and presence of medical morbidities. This strategic division also applies within the emerging field of mouse frailty models, with both methodologies showing usefulness in providing insight into physiologic mechanisms and testing interventions. Our review will explore the strategies used, caveats in methodology, and future directions in the application of animal models for the study of the frailty syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Seldeen
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, University at Buffalo - SUNY, Research Service, Western New York Veterans Affairs Healthcare Service, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
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75
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Gillon A, Sheard P. Elderly mouse skeletal muscle fibres have a diminished capacity to upregulate NCAM production in response to denervation. Biogerontology 2015; 16:811-23. [PMID: 26385499 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9608-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a major contributor to the loss of independence and deteriorating quality of life in elderly individuals, it manifests as a decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength beyond the age of 65. Muscle fibre atrophy is a major contributor to sarcopenia and the most severely atrophic fibres are commonly found in elderly muscles to have permanently lost their motor nerve input. By contrast with elderly fibres, when fibres in young animals lose their motor input they normally mount a response to induce restoration of nerve contact, and this is mediated in part by upregulated expression of the nerve cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). Therefore, skeletal muscles appear to progressively lose their ability to become reinnervated, and here we have investigated whether this decline occurs via loss of the muscle's ability to upregulate NCAM in response to denervation. We performed partial denervation (by peripheral nerve crush) of the extensor digitorum longus muscle of the lower limb in both young and elderly mice. We used immunohistochemistry to compare relative NCAM levels at denervated and control innervated muscle fibres, focused on measurements at neuromuscular junctional, extra-junctional and cytoplasmic locations. Muscle fibres in young animals responded to denervation with significant (32.9%) increases in unpolysialylated NCAM at extra-junctional locations, but with no change in polysialylated NCAM. The same partial denervation protocol applied to elderly animals resulted in no significant change in either polysialylated or unpolysialylated NCAM at junctional, extra-junctional or cytoplasmic locations, therefore muscle fibres in young mice upregulated NCAM in response to denervation but fibres in elderly mice failed to do so. Elevation of NCAM levels is likely to be an important component of the muscle fibre's ability to attract or reattract a neural input, so we conclude that the presence of increasing numbers of long-term denervated fibres in elderly muscles is due, at least in part, to the fibre's declining ability to mount a normal response to loss of motor input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Gillon
- Department of Physiology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Philip Sheard
- Department of Physiology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Wang H, Sharma N, Arias EB, Cartee GD. Insulin Signaling and Glucose Uptake in the Soleus Muscle of 30-Month-Old Rats After Calorie Restriction With or Without Acute Exercise. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 71:323-32. [PMID: 26341783 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise and calorie restriction (CR) can each improve insulin sensitivity in older individuals, but benefits of combining these treatments on skeletal muscle insulin signaling and glucose uptake are poorly understood, especially in predominantly slow-twitch muscles (eg, soleus). Accordingly, our purpose was to determine independent and combined effects of prior acute exercise and CR (beginning at 14 weeks old) on insulin signaling and glucose uptake in insulin-stimulated soleus muscles of 30-month-old rats. CR alone (but not exercise alone) versus ad libitum sedentary controls induced greater insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. There was a main effect of diet (CR > ad libitum) for insulin-stimulated Akt(Ser473) and Akt(Thr308) phosphorylation. CR alone versus ad libitum sedentary increased Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) Ser(588) phosphorylation and TBC1D1 Thr(596), but not AS160 Thr(642) phosphorylation or abundance of GLUT4, GLUT1, or hexokinase II proteins. Combined CR and exercise versus CR alone did not further increase insulin-stimulated glucose uptake although phosphorylation of Akt(Ser473), Akt(Thr308), TBC1D1(Thr596), and AMPK(Thr172) for the combined group exceeded values for CR and/or exercise alone. These results revealed that although the soleus was highly responsive to a CR-induced enhancement of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, the exercise protocol did not elevate insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, either alone or when combined with CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Naveen Sharma
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. School of Health Sciences, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant
| | - Edward B Arias
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Gregory D Cartee
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
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77
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Collins-Hooper H, Sartori R, Giallourou N, Matsakas A, Mitchell R, Mararenkova H, Flasskamp H, Macharia R, Ray S, Swann JR, Sandri M, Patel K. Symmorphosis through dietary regulation: a combinatorial role for proteolysis, autophagy and protein synthesis in normalising muscle metabolism and function of hypertrophic mice after acute starvation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120524. [PMID: 25807490 PMCID: PMC4373938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals are imbued with adaptive mechanisms spanning from the tissue/organ to the cellular scale which insure that processes of homeostasis are preserved in the landscape of size change. However we and others have postulated that the degree of adaptation is limited and that once outside the normal levels of size fluctuations, cells and tissues function in an aberant manner. In this study we examine the function of muscle in the myostatin null mouse which is an excellent model for hypertrophy beyond levels of normal growth and consequeces of acute starvation to restore mass. We show that muscle growth is sustained through protein synthesis driven by Serum/Glucocorticoid Kinase 1 (SGK1) rather than Akt1. Furthermore our metabonomic profiling of hypertrophic muscle shows that carbon from nutrient sources is being channelled for the production of biomass rather than ATP production. However the muscle displays elevated levels of autophagy and decreased levels of muscle tension. We demonstrate the myostatin null muscle is acutely sensitive to changes in diet and activates both the proteolytic and autophagy programmes and shutting down protein synthesis more extensively than is the case for wild-types. Poignantly we show that acute starvation which is detrimental to wild-type animals is beneficial in terms of metabolism and muscle function in the myostatin null mice by normalising tension production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Collins-Hooper
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights campus, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Roberta Sartori
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Natasa Giallourou
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights campus, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Antonios Matsakas
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, Hull/York, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights campus, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Mararenkova
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Hannah Flasskamp
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights campus, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Raymond Macharia
- Veterinary Basic Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Ray
- Natural Biosciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights campus, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R. Swann
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights campus, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Sandri
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights campus, Reading, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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78
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Lal N, Sheard P. Dying myofibers in elderly mouse skeletal muscles are characterized by the appearance of dystrophin-encircled vacuoles. Biogerontology 2015; 16:443-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9565-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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79
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Volumetric and Functional Evaluation of the Gluteus Maximus Muscle after Augmentation Gluteoplasty Using Silicone Implants. Plast Reconstr Surg 2015; 135:533e-541e. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000000970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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80
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Ballak SB, Jaspers RT, Deldicque L, Chalil S, Peters EL, de Haan A, Degens H. Blunted hypertrophic response in old mouse muscle is associated with a lower satellite cell density and is not alleviated by resveratrol. Exp Gerontol 2015; 62:23-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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81
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Ballak SB, Degens H, Busé-Pot T, de Haan A, Jaspers RT. Plantaris muscle weakness in old mice: relative contributions of changes in specific force, muscle mass, myofiber cross-sectional area, and number. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9726. [PMID: 25414077 PMCID: PMC4239237 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9726-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The age-related decline in muscle function contributes to the movement limitations in daily life in old age. The age-related loss in muscle force is attributable to loss of myofibers, myofiber atrophy, and a reduction in specific force. The contribution of each of these determinants to muscle weakness in old age is, however, largely unknown. The objective of this study is to determine whether a loss in myofiber number, myofiber atrophy, and a reduction in specific muscle force contribute to the age-related loss of muscle force in 25-month-old mouse. Maximal isometric force of in situ m. plantaris of C57BL/6J male adult (9 months) and old (25 months) mice was determined and related to myofiber number, myofiber size, intramuscular connective tissue content, and proportion of denervated myofibers. Isometric maximal plantaris muscle force was 13 % lower in old than adult mice (0.97 ± 0.05 N vs. 0.84 ± 0.03 N; P < 0.05). M. plantaris mass of old mice was not significantly smaller than that of adult mice. There was also no significant myofiber atrophy or myofiber loss. Specific muscle force of old mice was 25 % lower than that of adult mice (0.55 ± 0.05 vs. 0.41 ± 0.03 N·mm(-2), P < 0.01). In addition, with age, the proportion of type IIB myofibers decreased (43.6 vs. 38.4 %, respectively), while the connective tissue content increased (11.6 vs. 16.4 %, respectively). The age-related reduction in maximal isometric plantaris muscle force in 25-month-old male C57BL/6J mice is mainly attributable to a reduction in specific force, which is for 5 % explicable by an age-related increase in connective tissue, rather than myofiber atrophy and myofiber loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam B. Ballak
- />School of Healthcare Science, Cognitive Motor Function Research Group, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- />Laboratory for Myology, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorstraat 9, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Degens
- />School of Healthcare Science, Cognitive Motor Function Research Group, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Tinelies Busé-Pot
- />Laboratory for Myology, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorstraat 9, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arnold de Haan
- />School of Healthcare Science, Cognitive Motor Function Research Group, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- />Laboratory for Myology, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorstraat 9, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard T. Jaspers
- />Laboratory for Myology, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorstraat 9, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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