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Santoro A, Ostan R, Candela M, Biagi E, Brigidi P, Capri M, Franceschi C. Gut microbiota changes in the extreme decades of human life: a focus on centenarians. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:129-148. [PMID: 29032502 PMCID: PMC5752746 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2674-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) is a complex, evolutionarily molded ecological system, which contributes to a variety of physiological functions. The GM is highly dynamic, being sensitive to environmental stimuli, and its composition changes over the host's entire lifespan. However, the basic question of how much these changes may be ascribed to variables such as population, diet, genetics and gender, and/or to the aging process per se is still largely unanswered. We argue that comparison among studies on centenarians-the best model of healthy aging and longevity-recruited from different geographical areas/populations (different genetics and dietary habits) can help to disentangle the contribution of aging and non-aging-related variables to GM remodeling with age. The current review focuses on the role of population, gender and host genetics as possible drivers of GM modification along the human aging process. The feedback impact of age-associated GM variation on the GM-brain axis and GM metabolomics is also discussed. We likewise address the role of GM in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, and its possible therapeutic use, taking advantage of the fact that centenarians are characterized by an extreme (healthy) phenotype versus patients suffering from age-related pathologies. Finally, it is argued that longitudinal studies combining metagenomics sequencing and in-depth phylogenetic analysis with a comprehensive phenotypic characterization of centenarians and patients using up-to-date omics (metabolomics, transcriptomics and meta-transcriptomics) are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" (CIG) Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Rita Ostan
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" (CIG) Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Biagi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Miriam Capri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" (CIG) Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Institute of Neurological Sciences (IRCCS), Via Altura 3, 40139, Bologna, Italy
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Lamming DW, Baar EL, Arriola Apelo SI, Tosti V, Fontana L. Short-term consumption of a plant protein diet does not improve glucose homeostasis of young C57BL/6J mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 4:239-245. [PMID: 29276793 PMCID: PMC5734132 DOI: 10.3233/nha-170025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recently, it has become apparent that dietary macronutrient composition has a profound impact on metabolism, health and even lifespan. Work from many laboratories now suggest that dietary protein quality - the precise amino acid composition of the diet, as well as possibly the source of dietary protein - may also be critical in regulating the impact of diet on health. Perhaps in part due to the naturally low methionine content of plants, vegan diets are associated with a decreased risk of diabetes and improved insulin sensitivity, but this association is confounded by the lower overall protein intake of vegans. Here, we test the effect of consuming isocaloric rodent diets with similar amino acid profiles derived from either plant protein or dairy protein. We find that male C57BL/6J mice consuming either diet have similar glycemic control, as assessed by glucose, insulin, and pyruvate tolerance tests, and have similar overall body composition. We conclude that short-term feeding of plant protein has no positive or negative effect on the metabolic health of young male C57BL/6J mice, and suggest that dietary interventions that alter either dietary protein levels or the levels of specific essential amino acids are more likely to improve metabolic health than alterations in dietary protein source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dudley W Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Emma L Baar
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sebastian I Arriola Apelo
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Valeria Tosti
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Luigi Fontana
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, Brescia University, Brescia, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy
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CAN1 Arginine Permease Deficiency Extends Yeast Replicative Lifespan via Translational Activation of Stress Response Genes. Cell Rep 2017; 18:1884-1892. [PMID: 28228255 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation plays an important role in the control of gene expression during aging. However, translation efficiency likely plays an equally important role in determining protein abundance, but it has been relatively understudied in this context. Here, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and ribosome profiling to investigate the role of translational regulation in lifespan extension by CAN1 gene deletion in yeast. Through comparison of the transcriptional and translational changes in cells lacking CAN1 with other long-lived mutants, we were able to identify critical regulatory factors, including transcription factors and mRNA-binding proteins, that coordinate transcriptional and translational responses. Together, our data support a model in which deletion of CAN1 extends replicative lifespan through increased translation of proteins that facilitate cellular response to stress. This study extends our understanding of the importance of translational control in regulating stress resistance and longevity.
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Wahl D, Coogan SCP, Solon-Biet SM, de Cabo R, Haran JB, Raubenheimer D, Cogger VC, Mattson MP, Simpson SJ, Le Couteur DG. Cognitive and behavioral evaluation of nutritional interventions in rodent models of brain aging and dementia. Clin Interv Aging 2017; 12:1419-1428. [PMID: 28932108 PMCID: PMC5598548 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s145247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of behavior and cognition in rodent models underpins mechanistic and interventional studies of brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases, especially dementia. Commonly used tests include Morris water maze, Barnes maze, object recognition, fear conditioning, radial arm water maze, and Y maze. Each of these tests reflects some aspects of human memory including episodic memory, recognition memory, semantic memory, spatial memory, and emotional memory. Although most interventional studies in rodent models of dementia have focused on pharmacological agents, there are an increasing number of studies that have evaluated nutritional interventions including caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, and manipulation of macronutrients. Dietary interventions have been shown to influence various cognitive and behavioral tests in rodents indicating that nutrition can influence brain aging and possibly neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin Wahl
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney
- Aging and Alzheimers Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Sean CP Coogan
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Samantha M Solon-Biet
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney
- Aging and Alzheimers Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James B Haran
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney
- Faculty of Veterinary Science
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Victoria C Cogger
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney
- Aging and Alzheimers Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging’s Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney
- Aging and Alzheimers Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord, NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney
- Aging and Alzheimers Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord, NSW, Australia
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Lagunas-Rangel FA, Chávez-Valencia V. Learning of nature: The curious case of the naked mole rat. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 164:76-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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