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Chegaev K, Cena C, Giorgis M, Rolando B, Tosco P, Bertinaria M, Fruttero R, Carrupt PA, Gasco A. Edaravone Derivatives Containing NO-Donor Functions. J Med Chem 2008; 52:574-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jm8007008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Chegaev
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy, Unité de Pharmacochimie, Section des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Genève, Université de Lausanne, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Clara Cena
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy, Unité de Pharmacochimie, Section des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Genève, Université de Lausanne, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Marta Giorgis
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy, Unité de Pharmacochimie, Section des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Genève, Université de Lausanne, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Rolando
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy, Unité de Pharmacochimie, Section des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Genève, Université de Lausanne, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Tosco
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy, Unité de Pharmacochimie, Section des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Genève, Université de Lausanne, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Bertinaria
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy, Unité de Pharmacochimie, Section des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Genève, Université de Lausanne, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Fruttero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy, Unité de Pharmacochimie, Section des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Genève, Université de Lausanne, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Alain Carrupt
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy, Unité de Pharmacochimie, Section des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Genève, Université de Lausanne, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Gasco
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy, Unité de Pharmacochimie, Section des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Genève, Université de Lausanne, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
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Chen H, Wang S, Ding JH, Hu G. Edaravone protects against MPP+ -induced cytotoxicity in rat primary cultured astrocytes via inhibition of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. J Neurochem 2008; 106:2345-52. [PMID: 18643790 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Edaravone (Eda) is a potent scavenger of hydroxyl radicals and has been demonstrated to be beneficial for patients with acute ischemic stroke. This study was set out to investigate whether Eda protect against MPP(+)-induced cytotoxicity in rat primary cultured astrocytes. The results showed that pre-treatment with Eda inhibited astrocytic apoptosis and lactate dehydrogenase release induced by MPP(+) (200 microM). Further study revealed that Eda prevented GSH depletion, down-regulated mRNA expressions of NADPH oxidase membrane subunit gp91 and membrane-translocated subunit p47, and prevented the decreases of state 3 respiration respiration and respiratory control ratio induced by MPP(+), and thereby inhibited reactive oxygen species production evoked by MPP(+). Moreover, Eda could ameliorate mitochondrial respiratory function, restrain, and prevent mitochondrial membrane potential loss induced by MPP(+). Consequently, Eda inhibited releases of cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor induced by MPP(+). Taken together, these findings reveal for the first time that Eda protects against MPP(+)-induced astrocytic apoptosis via decreasing intracellular reactive oxygen species level and subsequently inhibiting mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The antiapoptosis effects of Eda on astrocytes may provide a new perspective on neuroprotective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Tabas I, Williams KJ, Borén J. Subendothelial lipoprotein retention as the initiating process in atherosclerosis: update and therapeutic implications. Circulation 2007; 116:1832-44. [PMID: 17938300 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.106.676890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 957] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The key initiating process in atherogenesis is the subendothelial retention of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. Local biological responses to these retained lipoproteins, including a chronic and maladaptive macrophage- and T-cell-dominated inflammatory response, promote subsequent lesion development. The most effective therapy against atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease to date--low density lipoprotein-lowering drugs--is based on the principle that decreasing circulating apolipoprotein B lipoproteins decreases the probability that they will enter and be retained in the subendothelium. Ongoing improvements in this area include more aggressive lowering of low-density lipoprotein and other atherogenic lipoproteins in the plasma and initiation of low-density lipoprotein-lowering therapy at an earlier age in at-risk individuals. Potential future therapeutic approaches include attempts to block the interaction of apolipoprotein B lipoproteins with the specific subendothelial matrix molecules that mediate retention and to interfere with accessory molecules within the arterial wall that promote retention such as lipoprotein lipase, secretory sphingomyelinase, and secretory phospholipase A2. Although not the primary focus of this review, therapeutic strategies that target the proatherogenic responses to retained lipoproteins and that promote the removal of atherogenic components of retained lipoproteins also hold promise. The finding that certain human populations of individuals who maintain lifelong low plasma levels of apolipoprotein B lipoproteins have an approximately 90% decreased risk of coronary artery disease gives hope that our further understanding of the pathogenesis of this leading killer could lead to its eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Tabas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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