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Proteomic Analysis of Extremely Low-Frequency ElectroMagnetic Field (ELF-EMF) With Different Intensities in Rats Hippocampus. ARCHIVES OF NEUROSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/archneurosci.62954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Buckner CA, Buckner AL, Koren SA, Persinger MA, Lafrenie RM. Exposure to a specific time-varying electromagnetic field inhibits cell proliferation via cAMP and ERK signaling in cancer cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2017; 39:217-230. [PMID: 29125193 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to specific electromagnetic field (EMF) patterns can affect a variety of biological systems. We have shown that exposure to Thomas-EMF, a low-intensity, frequency-modulated (25-6 Hz) EMF pattern, inhibited growth and altered cell signaling in malignant cells. Exposure to Thomas-EMF for 1 h/day inhibited the growth of malignant cells including B16-BL6 mouse melanoma cells, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, BT-20, and MCF-7 human breast cancer and HeLa cervical cancer cells but did not affect non-malignant cells. The Thomas-EMF-dependent changes in cell proliferation were mediated by adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways. Exposure of malignant cells to Thomas-EMF transiently changed the level of cellular cAMP and promoted ERK phosphorylation. Pharmacologic inhibitors (SQ22536) and activators (forskolin) of cAMP production both blocked the ability of Thomas-EMF to inhibit cell proliferation, and an inhibitor of the MAP kinase pathway (PD98059) was able to partially block Thomas-EMF-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation. Genetic modulation of protein kinase A (PKA) in B16-BL6 cells also altered the effect of Thomas-EMF on cell proliferation. Cells transfected with the constitutively active form of PKA (PKA-CA), which interfered with ERK phosphorylation, also interfered with the Thomas-EMF effect on cell proliferation. The non-malignant cells did not show any EMF-dependent changes in cAMP levels, ERK phosphorylation, or cell growth. These data indicate that exposure to the specific Thomas-EMF pattern can inhibit the growth of malignant cells in a manner dependent on contributions from the cAMP and MAP kinase pathways. Bioelectromagnetics. 39;217-230, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly A Buckner
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,Regional Cancer Program, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison L Buckner
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,Regional Cancer Program, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stan A Koren
- Department of Behavioural Neurosciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael A Persinger
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Behavioural Neurosciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert M Lafrenie
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,Regional Cancer Program, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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53
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Magnetic Fields and Reactive Oxygen Species. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102175. [PMID: 29057846 PMCID: PMC5666856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) ubiquitously exist in mammalian cells to participate in various cellular signaling pathways. The intracellular ROS levels are dependent on the dynamic balance between ROS generation and elimination. In this review, we summarize reported studies about the influences of magnetic fields (MFs) on ROS levels. Although in most cases, MFs increased ROS levels in human, mouse, rat cells, and tissues, there are also studies showing that ROS levels were decreased or not affected by MFs. Multiple factors could cause these discrepancies, including but not limited to MF type/intensity/frequency, exposure time and assay time-point, as well as different biological samples examined. It will be necessary to investigate the influences of different MFs on ROS in various biological samples systematically and mechanistically, which will be helpful for people to get a more complete understanding about MF-induced biological effects. In addition, reviewing the roles of MFs in ROS modulation may open up new scenarios of MF application, which could be further and more widely adopted into clinical applications, particularly in diseases that ROS have documented pathophysiological roles.
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Unraveling the mechanistic effects of electric field stimulation towards directing stem cell fate and function: A tissue engineering perspective. Biomaterials 2017; 150:60-86. [PMID: 29032331 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Electric field (EF) stimulation can play a vital role in eliciting appropriate stem cell response. Such an approach is recently being established to guide stem cell differentiation through osteogenesis/neurogenesis/cardiomyogenesis. Despite significant recent efforts, the biophysical mechanisms by which stem cells sense, interpret and transform electrical cues into biochemical and biological signals still remain unclear. The present review critically analyses the variety of EF stimulation approaches that can be employed to evoke appropriate stem cell response and also makes an attempt to summarize the underlying concepts of this notion, placing special emphasis on stem cell based tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This review also discusses the major signaling pathways and cellular responses that are elicited by electric stimulation, including the participation of reactive oxygen species and heat shock proteins, modulation of intracellular calcium ion concentration, ATP production and numerous other events involving the clustering or reassembling of cell surface receptors, cytoskeletal remodeling and so on. The specific advantages of using external electric stimulation in different modalities to regulate stem cell fate processes are highlighted with explicit examples, in vitro and in vivo.
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Zhang D, Zhang Y, Zhu B, Zhang H, Sun Y, Sun C. Resveratrol may reverse the effects of long-term occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields on workers of a power plant. Oncotarget 2017; 8:47497-47506. [PMID: 28537898 PMCID: PMC5564581 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High-voltage electricity lines are known to generate extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs). With the process of urbanization, increasing concerns has been focused on the potentially hazardous impacts of ELF-EMF on human health, and the conclusions are controversial. Little is known about the method of prevention against ELF-EMF induced healthy problems. A total of 186 male workers with occupational exposure to high-voltage electricity lines, and 154 male subjects with insignificant exposure as reference control were enrolled in this study. Resveratrol or placebo was given as dietary supplements (500 mg twice daily), and several inflammatory biomarkers and biomarkers of oxidative stress were assessed. Workers who had long-term exposure to high-voltage electricity lines exhibited elevated urinary levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy-guanosine (8-OHdG) and F2-isoprostane, compared to the reference group. Lower plasma nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and interleukin (IL)-6 were observed in exposed workers compared to the reference group. Resveratrol significantly reversed the adverse impacts of ELF-EMF. Stimulated cytokine production by resveratrol was found in exposed workers but not in the reference group. This study supported that occupational and long-term exposure to high-voltage electricity lines has an adverse effect on homeostasis of human body, and resveratrol supplement could be an effective protection strategy against the adverse effects induced by ELF-EMFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Electrical Power Research Institute, Jilin Electrical Power Company Limited, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Electrical Power Research Institute, Jilin Electrical Power Company Limited, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Baoyu Zhu
- Electrical Power Research Institute, Jilin Electrical Power Company Limited, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - He Zhang
- Electrical Power Research Institute, Jilin Electrical Power Company Limited, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Ye Sun
- Electrical Power Research Institute, Jilin Electrical Power Company Limited, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Chengxun Sun
- Electrical Power Research Institute, Jilin Electrical Power Company Limited, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
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Akbarnejad Z, Eskandary H, Dini L, Vergallo C, Nematollahi-Mahani SN, Farsinejad A, Abadi MFS, Ahmadi M. Cytotoxicity of temozolomide on human glioblastoma cells is enhanced by the concomitant exposure to an extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (100Hz, 100G). Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 92:254-264. [PMID: 28551545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant brain cancer that causes high mortality in humans. It responds poorly to the most common cancer treatments, such as surgery, chemo- and radiation therapy. Temozolomide (TMZ) is an alkylating agent that has been widely used to treat GBM; resistance to this drug is often found. One unexplored possibility for overcoming this resistance is a treatment based on concomitant exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) and TMZ. Indeed, many evidences show that EMF affects cancer cells and drug performance. In this study, we evaluated the potential synergistic effect of 100μM TMZ and EMF (100Hz, 100G) on two human glioma cells line, i.e., U87 and T98G above single treatments, TMZ or EMF. Co-treatment synergistically enhanced apoptosis in U87 and T98G cells, by increasing the expression of P53, Bax, and Caspase-3 and decreasing that of Bcl-2 and Cyclin-D1. We also observed an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the overexpression of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene in comparison to controls. In conclusion, since EMF enhanced the apoptotic effect of TMZ, possibly through a redox regulation mechanism, the TMZ/EMF combination may be effective for glioma cancer treating. Further studies are needed to reveal the action mechanism of this possible novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Akbarnejad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 76175-113 Kerman, Iran
| | - Hossein Eskandary
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 76175-113 Kerman, Iran; Afzal Research Institute (NGO), 76175-113 Kerman, Iran.
| | - Luciana Dini
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; CNR Nanotec, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Cristian Vergallo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Alireza Farsinejad
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Afzalipour Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 76175-113 Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Fekri Soofi Abadi
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Afzalipour Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 76175-113 Kerman, Iran
| | - Meysam Ahmadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 76175-113 Kerman, Iran.
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Dogan MS, Yavas MC, Yavuz Y, Erdogan S, Yener İ, Simsek İ, Akkus Z, Eratilla V, Tanik A, Akdag MZ. Effect of electromagnetic fields and antioxidants on the trace element content of rat teeth. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:1393-1398. [PMID: 28496309 PMCID: PMC5422323 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s132308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the possible effect of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs), from a high-voltage source, on rat teeth in terms of changes in trace elements (TEs) and the effect of antioxidants (melatonin [MLT] and Ganoderma lucidum [GL]) in counteracting these effects. We used adult male Wistar albino rats with a mean weight of 250–300 g and divided the rats into eight groups. The groups were subjected to an ELF-EMF that was applied with a high-voltage line for 8 hours/day for 26 days (Groups I, II, and III) or 52 days (Groups V, VI, and VII). Groups IV and VIII were the 26- and 52-day control/sham groups, respectively. Groups II and VI were treated with GL, and Groups III and VII were treated with MLT. MLT and GL were administered daily based on the weight of the animals and appropriate standards. At the end of the study, the rats were euthanized, and their anterior teeth were extracted. The teeth were preserved in pure water before evaluating the major TEs. At the end of the study, TE concentrations (in mg/kg) were assessed in the control and test groups. Compared with Group V, statistically significant differences in the concentrations of zinc (Zn) and strontium (Sr) were found for Group VII (ELF-EMF + MLT) (P<0.05). Therefore, ELF-EMF exposure can change the content of certain TEs in teeth and, after administering MLT and GL, the values of some of the TEs return to normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Sinan Dogan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Harran University, Şanlıurfa
| | | | - Yasemin Yavuz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry
| | | | | | - İbrahim Simsek
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Harran University, Şanlıurfa
| | - Zeki Akkus
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine
| | | | - Abdulsamet Tanik
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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Alchalabi ASH, Rahim H, AbdulMalek MF, Aklilu E, Aziz AR, Ronald SH, Khan MA. Micronuclei Formation and 8-Hydroxy-2-Deoxyguanosine Enzyme Detection in Ovarian Tissues After Radiofrequency Exposure at 1800 MHz in Adult Sprague–Dawley Rats. HAYATI JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hjb.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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59
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Kim SJ, Jang YW, Hyung KE, Lee DK, Hyun KH, Jeong SH, Min KH, Kang W, Jeong JH, Park SY, Hwang KW. Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure enhances inflammatory response and inhibits effect of antioxidant in RAW 264.7 cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2017; 38:374-385. [PMID: 28370033 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in the number and variety of electronic devices that emit electromagnetic waves. Because people live and work in close proximity to these pieces of electrical equipment, there is growing concern surrounding the destruction of homeostasis by electromagnetic field exposure. In the present study, the effects of 60 Hz 0.8 mT extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) on a macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) were examined. Under defined ELF-EMF exposure conditions, the production of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, were increased in RAW 264.7 cells and the expression of those genes was also upregulated. However, cell proliferation was not altered. Translocation of NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B), molecules that act downstream of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, were increased to the nucleus under ELF-EMF exposure conditions. In addition, we found that ELF-EMF exposure elevated activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) 2, as well as positively affected the influx of calcium. Furthermore, with both the presence of a potent antioxidant (Resveratrol) and downregulation of the antioxidant-related gene Prx-1 (Peroxiredoxin-1), ELF-EMF was associated with higher inflammatory responses of macrophages. These results suggest that an ELF-EMF amplifies inflammatory responses through enhanced macrophage activation and can decrease the effectiveness of antioxidants. Bioelectromagnetics. 38:374-385, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Won Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Hyung
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Kyoung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Hyeob Hyun
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kyung Hoon Min
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonku Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Woo Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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60
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Rezaie-Tavirani M, Hasanzadeh H, Seyyedi S, Zali H. Proteomic Analysis of the Effect of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields (ELF-EMF) With Different Intensities in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cell Line. J Lasers Med Sci 2017; 8:79-83. [PMID: 28652900 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2017.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: During the last 3 decades, human is exposed to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) emitted by power lines and electronic devices. It is now well accepted that ELF-EMF are able to produce a variety of biological effects, although the molecular mechanism is unclear and controversial. Investigation of different intensities effects of 50 Hz ELF-EMF on cell morphology and protein expression is the aim of this study. Methods: SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line was exposed to 0.5 and 1 mT 50 Hz (ELF-EMF) for 3 hours. Proteomics techniques were used to determine the effects of these fields on protein expression. Bioinformatic and statistical analysis of proteomes were performed using Progensis SameSpots software. Results: Our results showed that exposure to ELF-EMF changes cell morphology and induces a dose-dependent decrease in the proliferation rate of the cells. The proteomic studies and bioinformatic analysis indicate that exposure to 50 Hz ELF-EMF leads to alteration of cell protein expression in both dose-dependent and intensity dependent manner, but the later is more pronounced. Conclusion: Our data suggests that increased intensity of ELF-EMF may be associated with more alteration in cell protein expression, as well as effect on cell morphology and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hadi Hasanzadeh
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Medical Physics, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Seyyedi
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Zali
- Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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61
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Valdivia Cuya M, Yarasca De La Vega K, Lévano Sánchez G, Vásquez Cavero J, Temoche García H, Torres Torres L, Cruz Ornetta V. Effect of Lepidium meyenii (maca) on testicular function of mice with chemically and physically induced subfertility. Andrologia 2017; 48:927-34. [PMID: 27681650 DOI: 10.1111/and.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Lepidium meyenii (maca) in chemically and physically subfertile mice. After 35 days, the following groups of mice were evaluated: control, sham, chemical subfertility, chemical subfertility-maca-supplemented, physical subfertility, physical subfertility-maca-supplemented and maca-supplemented only. Motility (32.36% ± 5.34%) and sperm count (44.4 ± 5.37 × 10(6) /ml) in the chemically and physically subfertile mice (11.81% ± 4.06%, 17.34 ± 13.07 × 10(6) /ml) decreased compared to the control (75.53% ± 2.97% and 57.4 ± 19.6 10(6) /ml) and sham (53.5% ± 7.86% and 58.4 ± 14.10 10(6) /ml). Maca was able to reverse the deleterious effect of motility (76.36 ± 1.97) as well as sperm count (53.5 ± 9.18 × 10(6) /ml) on chemical subfertility. In contrast, maca did not reverse the effects of induced physical subfertility nor motility (18.78% ± 14.41%) or sperm count (20.17 ± 11.20 × 10(6) /ml). The percentage of sperm DNA fragmentation in the physically subfertile mice increased (11.1% ± 19.29%) compared to the control (0.84% ± 0.85%). However, in the physically subfertile group, maca decreased sperm DNA fragmentation (2.29% ± 2.30%) closer to the sham (1.04% ± 0.62%) and the control (0.84% ± 0.85%). The group supplemented only with maca showed 0.54% ± 0.50% of spermatozoa with DNA fragmentation. Yet, the differences observed were statistically not significant. In conclusion, it appears that maca activates the cytochrome P450 system after chemically induced subfertility. However, it does not reverse the low mitochondrial membrane potential in spermatozoa compromised in the physical subfertility group.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Valdivia Cuya
- Animal Reproductive Physiology, Faculty of Biological Science, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
| | - K Yarasca De La Vega
- Animal Reproductive Physiology, Faculty of Biological Science, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - G Lévano Sánchez
- Animal Reproductive Physiology, Faculty of Biological Science, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - J Vásquez Cavero
- Animal Reproductive Physiology, Faculty of Biological Science, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - H Temoche García
- Animal Reproductive Physiology, Faculty of Biological Science, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - L Torres Torres
- Animal Reproductive Physiology, Faculty of Biological Science, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - V Cruz Ornetta
- Faculty of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
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62
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Buckner CA, Buckner AL, Koren SA, Persinger MA, Lafrenie RM. The effects of electromagnetic fields on B16-BL6 cells are dependent on their spatial and temporal character. Bioelectromagnetics 2016; 38:165-174. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.22031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carly A. Buckner
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; Laurentian University; Sudbury Ontario Canada
- Regional Cancer Program; Sudbury Regional Hospital; Sudbury Ontario Canada
| | - Alison L. Buckner
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; Laurentian University; Sudbury Ontario Canada
- Regional Cancer Program; Sudbury Regional Hospital; Sudbury Ontario Canada
| | - Stan A. Koren
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience; Laurentian University; Sudbury Ontario Canada
| | - Michael A. Persinger
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; Laurentian University; Sudbury Ontario Canada
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience; Laurentian University; Sudbury Ontario Canada
| | - Robert M. Lafrenie
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; Laurentian University; Sudbury Ontario Canada
- Regional Cancer Program; Sudbury Regional Hospital; Sudbury Ontario Canada
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine; Sudbury Ontario Canada
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Storch K, Dickreuter E, Artati A, Adamski J, Cordes N. BEMER Electromagnetic Field Therapy Reduces Cancer Cell Radioresistance by Enhanced ROS Formation and Induced DNA Damage. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167931. [PMID: 27959944 PMCID: PMC5154536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Each year more than 450,000 Germans are expected to be diagnosed with cancer subsequently receiving standard multimodal therapies including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. On top, molecular-targeted agents are increasingly administered. Owing to intrinsic and acquired resistance to these therapeutic approaches, both the better molecular understanding of tumor biology and the consideration of alternative and complementary therapeutic support are warranted and open up broader and novel possibilities for therapy personalization. Particularly the latter is underpinned by the increasing utilization of non-invasive complementary and alternative medicine by the population. One investigated approach is the application of low-dose electromagnetic fields (EMF) to modulate cellular processes. A particular system is the BEMER therapy as a Physical Vascular Therapy for which a normalization of the microcirculation has been demonstrated by a low-frequency, pulsed EMF pattern. Open remains whether this EMF pattern impacts on cancer cell survival upon treatment with radiotherapy, chemotherapy and the molecular-targeted agent Cetuximab inhibiting the epidermal growth factor receptor. Using more physiological, three-dimensional, matrix-based cell culture models and cancer cell lines originating from lung, head and neck, colorectal and pancreas, we show significant changes in distinct intermediates of the glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways and enhanced cancer cell radiosensitization associated with increased DNA double strand break numbers and higher levels of reactive oxygen species upon BEMER treatment relative to controls. Intriguingly, exposure of cells to the BEMER EMF pattern failed to result in sensitization to chemotherapy and Cetuximab. Further studies are necessary to better understand the mechanisms underlying the cellular alterations induced by the BEMER EMF pattern and to clarify the application areas for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Storch
- OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ellen Dickreuter
- OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Artati
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nils Cordes
- OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Kesari KK, Juutilainen J, Luukkonen J, Naarala J. Induction of micronuclei and superoxide production in neuroblastoma and glioma cell lines exposed to weak 50 Hz magnetic fields. J R Soc Interface 2016; 13:20150995. [PMID: 26791000 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2015.0995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Extremely low-frequency (ELF) magnetic fields (MF) have been associated with adverse health effects in epidemiological studies. However, there is no known mechanism for biological effects of weak environmental MFs. Previous studies indicate MF effects on DNA integrity and reactive oxygen species, but such evidence is limited to MFs higher (greater than or equal to 100 µT) than those generally found in the environment. Effects of 10 and 30 µT fields were studied in SH-SY5Y and C6 cells exposed to 50-Hz MFs for 24 h. Based on earlier findings, menadione (MQ) was used as a cofactor. Responses to MF were observed in both cell lines, but the effects differed between the cell lines. Micronuclei were significantly increased in SH-SY5Y cells at 30 µT. This effect was largest at the highest MQ dose used. Increased cytosolic and mitochondrial superoxide levels were observed in C6 cells. The effects on superoxide levels were independent of MQ, enabling further mechanistic studies without co-exposure to MQ. The micronucleus and mitochondrial superoxide data were consistent with a conventional rising exposure-response relationship. For cytosolic superoxide, the effect size was unexpectedly large at 10 µT. The results indicate that the threshold for biological effects of ELF MFs is 10 µT or less.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Juutilainen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Luukkonen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jonne Naarala
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Zhang H, Cheng Y, Luo X, Duan Y. Protective effect of procyanidins extracted from the lotus seedpod on immune function injury induced by extremely low frequency electromagnetic field. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:364-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Nakayama M, Nakamura A, Hondou T, Miyata H. Evaluation of cell viability, DNA single-strand breaks, and nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW264 exposed to a 50-Hz magnetic field. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:583-9. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2016.1206224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maresuke Nakayama
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku Aramaki, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Aya Nakamura
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku Aramaki, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hondou
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku Aramaki, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hidetake Miyata
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku Aramaki, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Kumar S, Dey S, Jain S. Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields: A possible non-invasive therapeutic tool for spinal cord injury rehabilitation. Electromagn Biol Med 2016; 36:88-101. [PMID: 27399648 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2016.1194290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic insults to the spinal cord induce both immediate mechanical damage and subsequent tissue degeneration. The latter involves a range of events namely cellular disturbance, homeostatic imbalance, ionic and neurotransmitters derangement that ultimately result in loss of sensorimotor functions. The targets for improving function after spinal cord injury (SCI) are mainly directed toward limiting these secondary injury events. Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) is a possible non-invasive therapeutic intervention for SCI rehabilitation which has the potential to constrain the secondary injury-induced events. In the present review, we discuss the effects of ELF-EMF on experimental and clinical SCI as well as on biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneel Kumar
- a Department of Physiology , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India.,b W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway , NJ , USA
| | - Soumil Dey
- a Department of Physiology , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
| | - Suman Jain
- a Department of Physiology , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
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Guney M, Ozguner F, Oral B, Karahan N, Mungan T. 900 MHz radiofrequency-induced histopathologic changes and oxidative stress in rat endometrium: protection by vitamins E and C. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 23:411-20. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233707080906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
There are numerous reports on the effects of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) in various cellular systems. Mechanisms of adverse effects of EMR indicate that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play a role in the biological effects of this radiation. The aims of this study were to examine 900 MHz mobile phone-induced oxidative stress that promotes production of ROS and to investigate the role of vitamins E and C, which have antioxidant properties, on endometrial tissue against possible 900MHz mobile phone-induced endometrial impairment in rats. The animals were randomly grouped (eight each) as follows: 1) Control group (without stress and EMR, Group I), 2) sham-operated rats stayed without exposure to EMR (exposure device off, Group II), 3) rats exposed to 900MHz EMR (EMR group, Group III) and 4) a 900MHz EMR exposed + vitamin-treated group (EMR + Vit group, Group IV). A 900 MHz EMR was applied to EMR and EMR + Vit group 30min/day, for 30 days using an experimental exposure device. Endometrial levels of nitric oxide (NO, an oxidant product) and malondialdehyde (MDA, an index of lipid peroxidation), increased in EMR exposed rats while the combined vitamins E and C caused a significant reduction in the levels of NO and MDA. Likewise, endometrial superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities decreased in EMR exposed animals while vitamins E and C caused a significant increase in the activities of these antioxidant enzymes. In the EMR group histopathologic changes in endometrium, diffuse and severe apoptosis was present in the endometrial surface epithelial and glandular cells and the stromal cells. Diffuse eosinophilic leucocyte and lymphocyte infiltration were observed in the endometrial stroma whereas the combination of vitamins E and C caused a significant decrease in these effects of EMR. It is concluded that oxidative endometrial damage plays an important role in the 900 MHz mobile phone-induced endometrial impairment and the modulation of oxidative stress with vitamins E and C reduces the 900MHz mobile phone-induced endometrial damage both at biochemical and histological levels. Toxicology and Industrial Health 2007; 23: 411—420.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Guney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey, mguney@ med.sdu.edu.tr
| | - Fehmi Ozguner
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Baha Oral
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Nermin Karahan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Tamer Mungan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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Pasi F, Sanna S, Paolini A, Alquati M, Lascialfari A, Corti ME, Liberto RD, Cialdai F, Monici M, Nano R. Effects of extremely low-frequency magnetotherapy on proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts. Electromagn Biol Med 2016; 35:343-52. [PMID: 27254779 DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2016.1138123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) applied in magnetotherapy have frequency lower than 100 Hz and magnetic field intensity ranging from 0.1 to 20 mT. For many years, the use of magnetotherapy in clinics has been increasing because of its beneficial effects in many processes, e.g., skin diseases, inflammation and bone disorders. However, the understanding of the microscopic mechanisms governing such processes is still lacking and the results of the studies on the effects of ELF-EMFs are controversial because effects derive from different conditions and from intrinsic responsiveness of different cell types.In the present study, we studied the biological effects of 1.5 h exposure of human dermal fibroblasts to EMFs with frequencies of 5 and 50 Hz and intensity between 0.25 and 1.6 mT. Our data showed that the magnetic treatment did not produce changes in cell viability, but gave evidence of a sizeable decrease in proliferation at 24 h after treatment. In addition, immunofluorescence experiments displayed an increase in tubulin expression that could foreshadow changes in cell motility or morphology. The decrease in proliferation with unchanged viability and increase in tubulin expression could be consistent with the triggering of a transdifferentiation process after the exposure to ELF-EMFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pasi
- a Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "L. Spallanzani" , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy.,b Department of Radiation Oncology , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation , Pavia , Italy
| | - Samuele Sanna
- c Department of Physics , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Alessandro Paolini
- a Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "L. Spallanzani" , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy.,d Department of Medical Physics , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation , Pavia , Italy
| | - Marco Alquati
- c Department of Physics , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Alessandro Lascialfari
- c Department of Physics , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy.,e Department of Physics , University of Milano , Milano , Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Di Liberto
- d Department of Medical Physics , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation , Pavia , Italy
| | - Francesca Cialdai
- f ASA Research Division, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Monica Monici
- f ASA Research Division, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Rosanna Nano
- a Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "L. Spallanzani" , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
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Shen Y, Xia R, Jiang H, Chen Y, Hong L, Yu Y, Xu Z, Zeng Q. Exposure to 50Hz-sinusoidal electromagnetic field induces DNA damage-independent autophagy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 77:72-79. [PMID: 27177844 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
As electromagnetic field (EMF) is commonly encountered within our daily lives, the biological effects of EMF are of great concern. Autophagy is a key process for maintaining cellular homeostasis, and it can also reveal cellular responses to environmental stimuli. In this study, we aim to investigate the biological effects of a 50Hz-sinusoidal electromagnetic field on autophagy and we identified its mechanism of action in Chinese Hamster Lung (CHL) cells. CHL cells were exposed to a 50Hz sinusoidal EMF at 0.4mT for 30min or 24h. In this study, we found that a 0.4mT EMF resulted in: (i) an increase in LC3-II expression and increased autophagosome formation; (ii) no significant difference in the incidence of γH2AX foci between the sham and exposure groups; (iii) reorganized actin filaments and increased pseudopodial extensions without promoting cell migration; and (iv) enhanced cell apoptosis when autophagy was blocked by Bafilomycin A1. These results implied that DNA damage was not directly involved in the autophagy induced by a 0.4mT 50Hz EMF. In addition, an EMF induced autophagy balanced the cellular homeostasis to protect the cells from severe adverse biological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Shen
- Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Ruohong Xia
- Physics Department, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Hengjun Jiang
- Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Chen
- Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Ling Hong
- Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yunxian Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Zhengping Xu
- Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Qunli Zeng
- Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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Martínez MA, Úbeda A, Moreno J, Trillo MÁ. Power Frequency Magnetic Fields Affect the p38 MAPK-Mediated Regulation of NB69 Cell Proliferation Implication of Free Radicals. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:510. [PMID: 27058530 PMCID: PMC4848966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferative response of the neuroblastoma line NB69 to a 100 µT, 50 Hz magnetic field (MF) has been shown mediated by activation of the MAPK-ERK1/2 pathway. This work investigates the MF effect on the cell cycle of NB69, the participation of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal (JNK) kinases in the field-induced proliferative response and the potential involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the activation of the MAPK-ERK1/2 and -p38 signaling pathways. NB69 cultures were exposed to the 100 µT MF, either intermittently for 24, 42 or 63 h, or continuously for periods of 15 to 120 min, in the presence or absence of p38 or JNK inhibitors: SB203580 and SP600125, respectively. Antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was used as ROS scavenger. Field exposure induced transient activation of p38, JNK and ERK1/2. The MF proliferative effect, which was mediated by changes in the cell cycle, was blocked by the p38 inhibitor, but not by the JNK inhibitor. NAC blocked the field effects on cell proliferation and p38 activation, but not those on ERK1/2 activation. The MF-induced proliferative effects are exerted through sequential upregulation of MAPK-p38 and -ERK1/2 activation, and they are likely mediated by a ROS-dependent activation of p38.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Antonia Martínez
- Servicio de Investigación-BEM, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal-IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Úbeda
- Servicio de Investigación-BEM, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal-IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jorge Moreno
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Automatización y Física Aplicada, Technical School of Engineering and Industrial Design (ETSID), UPM, 28012 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Ángeles Trillo
- Servicio de Investigación-BEM, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal-IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
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Gulati S, Yadav A, Kumar N, Aggarwal NK, Kumar R, Gupta R. Effect of GSTM1 and GSTT1 Polymorphisms on Genetic Damage in Humans Populations Exposed to Radiation From Mobile Towers. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 70:615-625. [PMID: 26238667 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-015-0195-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
All over the world, people have been debating about associated health risks due to radiation from mobile phones and mobile towers. The carcinogenicity of this nonionizing radiation has been the greatest health concern associated with mobile towers exposure until recently. The objective of our study was to evaluate the genetic damage caused by radiation from mobile towers and to find an association between genetic polymorphism of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes and DNA damage. In our study, 116 persons exposed to radiation from mobile towers and 106 control subjects were genotyped for polymorphisms in the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes by multiplex polymerase chain reaction method. DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes was determined using alkaline comet assay in terms of tail moment (TM) value and micronucleus assay in buccal cells (BMN). There was a significant increase in BMN frequency and TM value in exposed subjects (3.65 ± 2.44 and 6.63 ± 2.32) compared with control subjects (1.23 ± 0.97 and 0.26 ± 0.27). However, there was no association of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms with the level of DNA damage in both exposed and control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Gulati
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Anita Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India.
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Neeraj K Aggarwal
- Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Forensic Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ranjan Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
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Rostami A, Shahani M, Zarrindast MR, Semnanian S, Rahmati Roudsari M, Rezaei Tavirani M, Hasanzadeh H. Effects of 3 Hz and 60 Hz Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Anxiety-Like Behaviors, Memory Retention of Passive Avoidance and Electrophysiological Properties of Male Rats. J Lasers Med Sci 2016; 7:120-5. [PMID: 27330708 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2016.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effects of electromagnetic fields on biological organisms have been a controversial and also interesting debate over the past few decades, despite the wide range of investigations, many aspects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF/EMFs) effects including mechanism of their interaction with live organisms and also their possible biological applications still remain ambiguous. In the present study, we investigated whether the exposures of ELF/EMF with frequencies of 3 Hz and 60 Hz can affect the memory, anxiety like behaviors, electrophysiological properties and brain's proteome in rats. METHODS Male rats were exposed to 3 Hz and 60 Hz ELF/EMFs in a protocol consisting of 2 cycles of 2 h/day exposure for 4 days separated with a 2-day interval. Short term memory and anxiety like behaviors were assessed immediately, 1 and 2 weeks after the exposures. Effects of short term exposure were also assessed using electrophysiological approach immediately after 2 hours exposure. RESULTS Behavioral test revealed that immediately after the end of exposures, locomotor activity of both 3 Hz and 60 Hz exposed groups significantly decreased compared to sham group. This exposure protocol had no effect on anxiety like behavior during the 2 weeks after the treatment and also on short term memory. A significant reduction in firing rate of locus coeruleus (LC) was found after 2 hours of both 3 Hz and 60 Hz exposures. Proteome analysis also revealed global changes in whole brain proteome after treatment. CONCLUSION Here, some evidence regarding the fact that such exposures can alter locomotor activity and neurons firing rate in male rats were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Rostami
- Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Shahani
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Semnanian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Hadi Hasanzadeh
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Medical Physics, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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75
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Zhu K, Lv Y, Cheng Q, Hua J, Zeng Q. Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields Do Not Induce DNA Damage in Human Lens Epithelial Cells In Vitro. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2016; 299:688-97. [PMID: 27079842 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Non-ionizing radiations, e.g., radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, could induce DNA damage and oxidative stress in human lens epithelial cells (LECs) which can be early events in cataractogenesis. Extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF MF) as another common form of man-made electromagnetic fields has been considered as suspected human carcinogen by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and become a focus that people play more and more attentions to. This study aimed to determine whether ELF MF can induce DNA damage in cultured human LECs at a relatively low intensity. Human LECs were exposed or sham-exposed to a 50 Hz ELF MF which produced by a well-designed exposure system at the intensity of 0.4 mT. DNA damage in human LECs was examined by the phosphorylated form of histone variant H2AX (γH2AX) foci formation assay and further explored with western blot, flow cytometry, and alkaline comet assay. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that 0.4 mT ELF MF did not significantly increase γH2AX foci formation in human LECs after 2, 6, 12, 24, or 48 hr exposure. No significant differences had been detected in γH2AX expression level between the ELF MF- and sham-exposure groups, while no obvious chromosomal DNA fragmentation was detected by alkaline comet assay after ELF MF exposure. The results indicate an absence of genotoxicity in ELF MF-exposed human epithelial cells and do not support the hypothesis that environmental ELF MF might be causally led to genomic instability via chromosomal damage response processes. Neither short nor long term continuous exposure to 50 Hz ELF MF at 0.4 mT could induce DNA damage in human lens epithelial cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Zhu
- Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye Lv
- Department of environmental and occupational health, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of health monitoring, Haining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haining, China
| | - Jianing Hua
- Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qunli Zeng
- Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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76
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Ma Q, Chen C, Deng P, Zhu G, Lin M, Zhang L, Xu S, He M, Lu Y, Duan W, Pi H, Cao Z, Pei L, Li M, Liu C, Zhang Y, Zhong M, Zhou Z, Yu Z. Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Promote In Vitro Neuronal Differentiation and Neurite Outgrowth of Embryonic Neural Stem Cells via Up-Regulating TRPC1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150923. [PMID: 26950212 PMCID: PMC4780708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) can enhance hippocampal neurogenesis in adult mice. However, little is focused on the effects of ELF-EMFs on embryonic neurogenesis. Here, we studied the potential effects of ELF-EMFs on embryonic neural stem cells (eNSCs). We exposed eNSCs to ELF-EMF (50 Hz, 1 mT) for 1, 2, and 3 days with 4 hours per day. We found that eNSC proliferation and maintenance were significantly enhanced after ELF-EMF exposure in proliferation medium. ELF-EMF exposure increased the ratio of differentiated neurons and promoted the neurite outgrowth of eNSC-derived neurons without influencing astrocyes differentiation and the cell apoptosis. In addition, the expression of the proneural genes, NeuroD and Ngn1, which are crucial for neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth, was increased after ELF-EMF exposure. Moreover, the expression of transient receptor potential canonical 1 (TRPC1) was significantly up-regulated accompanied by increased the peak amplitude of intracellular calcium level induced by ELF-EMF. Furthermore, silencing TRPC1 expression eliminated the up-regulation of the proneural genes and the promotion of neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth induced by ELF-EMF. These results suggest that ELF-EMF exposure promotes the neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth of eNSCs via up-regulation the expression of TRPC1 and proneural genes (NeuroD and Ngn1). These findings also provide new insights in understanding the effects of ELF-EMF exposure on embryonic brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinlong Ma
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunhai Chen
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Deng
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Zhu
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Lin
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shangcheng Xu
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mindi He
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yonghui Lu
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weixia Duan
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huifeng Pi
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengwang Cao
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liping Pei
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanwen Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Zhong
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (ZY); (ZZ)
| | - Zhengping Yu
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (ZY); (ZZ)
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Kesari KK, Luukkonen J, Juutilainen J, Naarala J. Genomic instability induced by 50Hz magnetic fields is a dynamically evolving process not blocked by antioxidant treatment. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 794:46-51. [PMID: 26653983 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Increased level of micronuclei was observed in SH-SY5Y cells in a previous study at 8 and 15 days after exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields (MF), indicating possible induction of genomic instability in the progeny of the exposed cells. The aim of this study was to further explore the induction of genomic instability by ELF MFs by increasing the follow-up time up to 45 days after exposure. Human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were exposed to a 50Hz, 100μT MF for 24h with or without co-exposure to menadione (MQ), a chemical agent that increases cellular superoxide production. Micronuclei, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were measured at 15, 30 and 45 days after exposure. To study the possible causal role of ROS in the delayed effects of MF, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was administered before MF exposure. Consistently with the previous study, the level of micronuclei was statistically significantly elevated 15 days after exposure. A similar effect was observed at 30 days, but not at 45 days after exposure. The level of LPO was statically significantly decreased 30 and 45 days after exposure. Consistently with our previous findings, the MF effect did not depend on co-exposure to MQ. Treatment with NAC effectively decreased cellular ROS level and suppressed the effect of MQ on ROS, but it did not block the MF effect, indicating that increase in ROS is not needed as a causal link between MF exposure and induction of delayed effects. The results presented here are consistent with genomic instability that persists in the progeny of MF-exposed cells up to at least 30 days after exposure. Changes in LPO observed at 30 and 45 days after exposure indicates that the MF-initiated process may continue up to at least 45 days after exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Jukka Luukkonen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Juutilainen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jonne Naarala
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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78
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Expression of Heat Shock Proteins in Human Fibroblast Cells under Magnetic Resonant Coupling Wireless Power Transfer. ENERGIES 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/en81012020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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79
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mTOR Activation by PI3K/Akt and ERK Signaling in Short ELF-EMF Exposed Human Keratinocytes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139644. [PMID: 26431550 PMCID: PMC4592237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Several reports suggest that ELF-EMF exposures interact with biological processes including promotion of cell proliferation. However, the molecular mechanisms by which ELF-EMF controls cell growth are not completely understood. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of ELF-EMF on keratinocytes proliferation and molecular mechanisms involved. Effect of ELF-EMF (50 Hz, 1 mT) on HaCaT cell cycle and cells growth and viability was monitored by FACS analysis and BrdU assay. Gene expression profile by microarray and qRT-PCR validation was performed in HaCaT cells exposed or not to ELF-EMF. mTOR, Akt and MAPKs expressions were evaluated by Western blot analysis. In HaCaT cells, short ELF-EMF exposure modulates distinct patterns of gene expression involved in cell proliferation and in the cell cycle. mTOR activation resulted the main molecular target of ELF-EMF on HaCaT cells. Our data showed the increase of the canonical pathway of mTOR regulation (PI3K/Akt) and activation of ERK signaling pathways. Our results indicate that ELF-EMF selectively modulated the expression of multiple genes related to pivotal biological processes and functions that play a key role in physio-pathological mechanisms such as wound healing.
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80
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Mascotte-Cruz JU, Ríos A, Escalante B. Combined effects of flow-induced shear stress and electromagnetic field on neural differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Electromagn Biol Med 2015; 35:161-6. [PMID: 26325339 DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2015.1036068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into neural phenotype has been induced by either flow-induced shear stress (FSS) or electromagnetic fields (EMF). However, procedures are still expensive and time consuming. In the present work, induction for 1 h with the combination of both forces showed the presence of the neural precursor nestin as early as 9 h in culture after treatment and this result lasted for the following 6 d. In conclusion, the use of a combination of FSS and EMF for a short-time renders in neurite-like cells, although further investigation is required to analyze cell functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Uriel Mascotte-Cruz
- a Cinvestav Monterrey, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav) , Monterrey , México
| | - Amelia Ríos
- a Cinvestav Monterrey, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav) , Monterrey , México
| | - Bruno Escalante
- a Cinvestav Monterrey, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav) , Monterrey , México
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81
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Lee HC, Hong MN, Jung SH, Kim BC, Suh YJ, Ko YG, Lee YS, Lee BY, Cho YG, Myung SH, Lee JS. Effect of extremely low frequency magnetic fields on cell proliferation and gene expression. Bioelectromagnetics 2015; 36:506-16. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.21932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Chul Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon; Korea
| | - Mi-Na Hong
- Research Center for Radio-Senescence; Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences; Seoul Korea
| | - Seung Hee Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon; Korea
- Research Center for Radio-Senescence; Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences; Seoul Korea
| | - Bong Cho Kim
- Research Center for Radio-Senescence; Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences; Seoul Korea
| | - Young Ju Suh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon; Korea
| | - Young-Gyu Ko
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; Korea University; Seoul Korea
| | - Yun-Sil Lee
- College of Pharmacy & Division of Life Science and Pharmaceuticals; Ewha Womans University; Seoul Korea
| | - Byeong-Yoon Lee
- Smart Grid Research Division; Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute; Changwon-si Korea
| | - Yeun-Gyu Cho
- Smart Grid Research Division; Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute; Changwon-si Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Myung
- Smart Grid Research Division; Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute; Changwon-si Korea
| | - Jae-Seon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon; Korea
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82
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Leone L, Podda MV, Grassi C. Impact of electromagnetic fields on stem cells: common mechanisms at the crossroad between adult neurogenesis and osteogenesis. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:228. [PMID: 26124705 PMCID: PMC4466452 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the recent years adult neural and mesenchymal stem cells have been intensively investigated as effective resources for repair therapies. In vivo and in vitro studies have provided insights on the molecular mechanisms underlying the neurogenic and osteogenic processes in adulthood. This knowledge appears fundamental for the development of targeted strategies to manipulate stem cells. Here we review recent literature dealing with the effects of electromagnetic fields on stem cell biology that lends support to their use as a promising tool to positively influence the different steps of neurogenic and osteogenic processes. We will focus on recent studies revealing that extremely-low frequency electromagnetic fields enhance adult hippocampal neurogenesis by inducing epigenetic modifications on the regulatory sequences of genes responsible for neural stem cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation. In light of the emerging critical role played by chromatin modifications in maintaining the stemness as well as in regulating stem cell differentiation, we will also attempt to exploit epigenetic changes that can represent common targets for electromagnetic field effects on neurogenic and osteogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Leone
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Podda
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Italy
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83
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Golbach LA, Philippi JG, Cuppen JJ, Savelkoul HF, Verburg-van Kemenade BL. Calcium signalling in human neutrophil cell lines is not affected by low-frequency electromagnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 2015; 36:430-43. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.21924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lieke A. Golbach
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group; Wageningen University; The Netherlands
| | - John G.M. Philippi
- Lab of Biophysics and Wageningen NMR Centre; Wageningen University; The Netherlands
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84
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Buckner CA, Buckner AL, Koren SA, Persinger MA, Lafrenie RM. Inhibition of cancer cell growth by exposure to a specific time-varying electromagnetic field involves T-type calcium channels. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124136. [PMID: 25875081 PMCID: PMC4397079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic field (EMF) exposures affect many biological systems. The reproducibility of these effects is related to the intensity, duration, frequency, and pattern of the EMF. We have shown that exposure to a specific time-varying EMF can inhibit the growth of malignant cells. Thomas-EMF is a low-intensity, frequency-modulated (25-6 Hz) EMF pattern. Daily, 1 h, exposures to Thomas-EMF inhibited the growth of malignant cell lines including B16-BL6, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and HeLa cells but did not affect the growth of non-malignant cells. Thomas-EMF also inhibited B16-BL6 cell proliferation in vivo. B16-BL6 cells implanted in syngeneic C57b mice and exposed daily to Thomas-EMF produced smaller tumours than in sham-treated controls. In vitro studies showed that exposure of malignant cells to Thomas-EMF for > 15 min promoted Ca(2+) influx which could be blocked by inhibitors of voltage-gated T-type Ca(2+) channels. Blocking Ca(2+) uptake also blocked Thomas-EMF-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation. Exposure to Thomas-EMF delayed cell cycle progression and altered cyclin expression consistent with the decrease in cell proliferation. Non-malignant cells did not show any EMF-dependent changes in Ca(2+) influx or cell growth. These data confirm that exposure to a specific EMF pattern can affect cellular processes and that exposure to Thomas-EMF may provide a potential anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly A. Buckner
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Regional Cancer Program, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison L. Buckner
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Regional Cancer Program, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stan A. Koren
- Behavioural Neurosciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael A. Persinger
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Behavioural Neurosciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert M. Lafrenie
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Regional Cancer Program, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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85
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Golbach LA, Scheer MH, Cuppen JJM, Savelkoul H, Verburg-van Kemenade BML. Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure Enhances Extracellular Trap Formation by Human Neutrophils through the NADPH Pathway. J Innate Immun 2015; 7:459-65. [PMID: 25871408 DOI: 10.1159/000380764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-frequency (LF) electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are abundantly present in modern society, and the potential biological consequences of exposure to these fields are under intense debate. Immune cells are suggested as possible target cells, though a clear mechanism is lacking. Considering their crucial role in innate immune activation, we selected an ex vivo exposure set-up with human neutrophils to investigate a possible correlation between neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and LF EMF exposure. Our study shows that formation of NETs is enhanced by LF EMF exposure. Enhanced NET formation leads to increased antimicrobial properties as well as damage to surrounding cells. We found that LF-EMF-induced NET formation is dependent on the NADPH oxidase pathway and production of reactive oxygen species. Additionally, LF EMF exposure does not influence autophagy and PAD4 activity. Our study provides a mechanism by which exposure to LF EMFs could influence the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke A Golbach
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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86
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Ulubay M, Yahyazadeh A, Deniz ÖG, Kıvrak EG, Altunkaynak BZ, Erdem G, Kaplan S. Effects of prenatal 900 MHz electromagnetic field exposures on the histology of rat kidney. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:35-41. [PMID: 25084839 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.950436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To research the harmful effects of prenatal exposure of 900 megahertz (MHz) electromagnetic field (EMF) on kidneys of four-week-old male rats and to determine protective effects of melatonin (MEL) and omega-3 (ω-3). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-one Wistar albino rats were randomly placed into seven groups as follows: Control (Cont), Sham, MEL, ω-3, EMF, EMF+ MEL and EMF+ω-3. After mating, three groups (EMF, EMF+ MEL, EMF+ ω-3) were exposed to an EMF. In the fourth week subsequent to parturition, six rats were randomly chosen from each group. Mean volume of kidneys and renal cortices, the total number of glomeruli and basic histological structure of kidney were evaluated by stereological and light microscopical methods, respectively. RESULTS Stereological results determined the mean volume of the kidneys and cortices were significantly increased in EMF-exposed groups compared to the Cont group. However, EMF-unexposed groups were not significantly modified compared to the Cont group. Additionally, the total number of glomeruli was significantly higher in EMF-unexposed groups compared to the Cont group. Alternatively, the number of glomeruli in EMF-exposed groups was decreased compared to the Cont group. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure of rat kidneys to 900 MHz EMF resulted in increased total kidney volume and decreased the numbers of glomeruli. Moreover, MEL and ω-3 prevented adverse effects of EMF on the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Ulubay
- Department of Urology, Medical Park Hospital , Samsun , Turkey
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87
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Todorović D, Perić-Mataruga V, Mirčić D, Ristić-Djurović J, Prolić Z, Petković B, Savić T. Estimation of changes in fitness components and antioxidant defense of Drosophila subobscura (Insecta, Diptera) after exposure to 2.4 T strong static magnetic field. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:5305-5314. [PMID: 25475617 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3910-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
As an ecological factor, a magnetic field can affect insects causing a wide range of responses. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the fitness components (postembryonic development and viability of individuals) and the antioxidant defense (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and total glutathione) in laboratory strains of Drosophila subobscura, originating from oak and beech forests after exposure to the strong static magnet (2.4 T, VINCY Cyclotron magnet). The first instar larvae were placed near the north pole (N group) or the south pole (S group) of the magnet for 2 h. Oak and beech populations of D. subobscura had longer development time and lower viability in N and S groups compared to controls. These differences were significant only in S group of oak population and in N group of beech population. Total glutathione content was significantly decreased in both exposed groups of oak population, while catalase activity was significantly increased in both exposed groups of beech population. Being significantly decreased in both exposed groups of oak population and significantly increased in S group of beech population in comparison to controls, superoxide dismutase activity was observed in different values. According to the results, it can be stated that applied static magnetic field could be considered a potential stressor influencing the fitness components and antioxidant defense in Drosophila flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajana Todorović
- Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, 142 Despota Stefana Blvd., Belgrade, 11060, Serbia,
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88
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Manzella N, Bracci M, Ciarapica V, Staffolani S, Strafella E, Rapisarda V, Valentino M, Amati M, Copertaro A, Santarelli L. Circadian gene expression and extremely low-frequency magnetic fields: an in vitro study. Bioelectromagnetics 2015; 36:294-301. [PMID: 25808738 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that circadian clocks are mainly regulated by light targeting signaling pathways in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus. However, an entrainment mediated by non-photic sensory stimuli was also suggested for peripheral clocks. Exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields might affect circadian rhythmicity. The goal of this research was to investigate effects of ELF magnetic fields (ELF-MF) on circadian clock genes in a human fibroblast cell line. We found that an ELF-MF (0.1 mT, 50 Hz) exposure was capable of entraining expression of clock genes BMAL1, PER2, PER3, CRY1, and CRY2. Moreover, ELF-MF treatment induced an alteration in circadian clock gene expression previously entrained by serum shock stimulation. These results support the hypothesis that ELF-MF may be able to drive circadian physiologic processes by modulating peripheral clock gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Manzella
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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89
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Contreras MF, Sougrat R, Zaher A, Ravasi T, Kosel J. Non-chemotoxic induction of cancer cell death using magnetic nanowires. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:2141-53. [PMID: 25834430 PMCID: PMC4370947 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s77081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we show that magnetic nanowires with weak magnetic fields and low frequencies can induce cell death via a mechanism that does not involve heat production. We incubated colon cancer cells with two concentrations (2.4 and 12 μg/mL) of nickel nanowires that were 35 nm in diameter and exposed the cells and nanowires to an alternating magnetic field (0.5 mT and 1 Hz or 1 kHz) for 10 or 30 minutes. This low-power field exerted a force on the magnetic nanowires, causing a mechanical disturbance to the cells. Transmission electron microscopy images showed that the nanostructures were internalized into the cells within 1 hour of incubation. Cell viability studies showed that the magnetic field and the nanowires separately had minor deleterious effects on the cells; however, when combined, the magnetic field and nanowires caused the cell viability values to drop by up to 39%, depending on the strength of the magnetic field and the concentration of the nanowires. Cell membrane leakage experiments indicated membrane leakage of 20%, suggesting that cell death mechanisms induced by the nanowires and magnetic field involve some cell membrane rupture. Results suggest that magnetic nanowires can kill cancer cells. The proposed process requires simple and low-cost equipment with exposure to only very weak magnetic fields for short time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Contreras
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rachid Sougrat
- Advanced Nanofabrication Imaging and Characterization, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Zaher
- Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Timothy Ravasi
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ; Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jürgen Kosel
- Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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90
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Duan W, Liu C, Zhang L, He M, Xu S, Chen C, Pi H, Gao P, Zhang Y, Zhong M, Yu Z, Zhou Z. Comparison of the genotoxic effects induced by 50 Hz extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields and 1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in GC-2 cells. Radiat Res 2015; 183:305-14. [PMID: 25688995 DOI: 10.1667/rr13851.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) and radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) have been considered to be possibly carcinogenic to humans. However, their genotoxic effects remain controversial. To make experiments controllable and results comparable, we standardized exposure conditions and explored the potential genotoxicity of 50 Hz ELF-EMF and 1800 MHz RF-EMF. A mouse spermatocyte-derived GC-2 cell line was intermittently (5 min on and 10 min off) exposed to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at an intensity of 1, 2 or 3 mT or to RF-EMF in GSM-Talk mode at the specific absorption rates (SAR) of 1, 2 or 4 W/kg. After exposure for 24 h, we found that neither ELF-EMF nor RF-EMF affected cell viability using Cell Counting Kit-8. Through the use of an alkaline comet assay and immunofluorescence against γ-H2AX foci, we found that ELF-EMF exposure resulted in a significant increase of DNA strand breaks at 3 mT, whereas RF-EMF exposure had insufficient energy to induce such effects. Using a formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (FPG)-modified alkaline comet assay, we observed that RF-EMF exposure significantly induced oxidative DNA base damage at a SAR value of 4 W/kg, whereas ELF-EMF exposure did not. Our results suggest that both ELF-EMF and RF-EMF under the same experimental conditions may produce genotoxicity at relative high intensities, but they create different patterns of DNA damage. Therefore, the potential mechanisms underlying the genotoxicity of different frequency electromagnetic fields may be different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Duan
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
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91
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Li L, Xiong DF, Liu JW, Li ZX, Zeng GC, Li HL. A cross-sectional study on oxidative stress in workers exposed to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:420-5. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2015.1012304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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92
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Mattsson MO, Simkó M. Grouping of Experimental Conditions as an Approach to Evaluate Effects of Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields on Oxidative Response in in vitro Studies. Front Public Health 2014; 2:132. [PMID: 25229055 PMCID: PMC4151017 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of literature deals with biological effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF MFs) studied in vitro. Despite the multitude of studies, no coherent picture has evolved regarding the plausibility of effects at low-flux densities or regarding the interaction mechanisms. Here, we propose that ELF MF exposure in vitro causes changes in oxidative status as an early response. We tested this hypothesis by scrutinizing the literature and applying a grouping approach for analyzing relevant biological properties and exposure conditions. A total of 41 scientific original publications were analyzed for this purpose. The conclusion from the work is that ELF MF (modulated or unmodulated) consistently can influence the oxidative status, at or above 1 mT, in a broad range of cell types and independent of exposure duration. A response at lower flux densities is seen in certain studies, although not consistently. Further studies with stringent protocols for sham exposure, blinding, and statistical analysis as well as appropriate positive controls are needed to establish if true dose-relationships for effects on oxidative status exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats-Olof Mattsson
- Environmental Resources and Technologies, Department Health and Environment, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Tulln, Austria
| | - Myrtill Simkó
- Environmental Resources and Technologies, Department Health and Environment, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Tulln, Austria
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93
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Zhu H, Wang J, Cui J, Fan X. Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on human fetal scleral fibroblasts. Toxicol Ind Health 2014; 32:1042-51. [PMID: 25147305 DOI: 10.1177/0748233714545837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) on human fetal scleral fibroblasts (HFSFs). HFSFs were subjected to 50 Hz artificial ELF-EMFs generated by Helmholtz coils with 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 mT field intensities for 6 to 48 h. The viability and factors involved in scleral structuring of HFSFs were determined. The growth rate of HFSFs significantly decreased after only 24 h of exposure to ELF-EMFs (0.2 mT). The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of collagen type I (COL1A1) decreased and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) increased significantly. There was a decrease in tissue inhibitor of MMP-2 mRNA levels between treated and control cells only at the 1.0 mT intensity level. Transforming growth factor beta-2 mRNA increased in exposed cells, and, simultaneously, fibroblast growth factor-2 mRNA levels decreased. The protein expressions of COL1A1 and MMP-2 were also significantly altered subsequent to exposure (p < 0.05). This study shows that ELF-EMFs had biological effects on HFSFs and could cause abnormality in scleral collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiefeng Cui
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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94
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Zhang K, Chen W, Bu T, Qi H, Sun R, He X. Decreased P-glycoprotein is associated with the inhibitory effects of static magnetic fields and cisplatin on K562 cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2014; 35:437-43. [PMID: 25099308 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we explored the mechanism of the killing effects of a moderate-intensity static magnetic field (SMF) and cisplatin (DDP) on K562 cells. We analyzed the metabolic activity of cells, the extracellular DDP content, and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression after K562 cells were exposed continuously to a uniform 8.8 mT SMF for 8 h, with or without DDP. We found that SMF combined with DDP (10 µg/ml) significantly inhibited the metabolic activity of K562 cells (P < 0.05), while neither DDP nor SMF alone affected the metabolic activity of these cells. In the SMF + DDP group, extracellular DDP content was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). DDP also induced the expression of P-gp (P < 0.05). By contrast, in the SMF + DDP group, P-gp expression decreased compared with the DDP group (P < 0.05). Taken together, our results showed that 8.8 mT SMF enhanced the killing potency of DDP on K562 cells by decreasing the expression of P-gp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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95
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Brisdelli F, Bennato F, Bozzi A, Cinque B, Mancini F, Iorio R. ELF-MF attenuates quercetin-induced apoptosis in K562 cells through modulating the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 397:33-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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96
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Chen H, Fu D, Yang H, Liu Y, Huang Y, Huang C. Optimization of direct currents to enhance dentine bonding of simplified one-step adhesive. Eur J Oral Sci 2014; 122:286-92. [PMID: 24965668 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different direct current intensities on dentine bonding effectiveness of Clearfil S(3) Bond and on cell viability of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). Thirty-five-third molars were sectioned and ground to provide flat surfaces. Clearfil S(3) Bond was applied under different current conditions for 30 s and then resin composite was built up. Specimens were processed for microtensile bond strength (µTBS) testing and for nanoleakage investigation using scanning electron microscopy. Primary HDPCs isolated from premolars were stimulated with different intensities of electric current for 30 s. Then, cell viability was tested using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Specimens bonded with application of electrical current intensities of 50, 60, 70, and 90 µA exhibited a significant increase in immediate µTBS compared with all other groups. Bonded interfaces prepared using electrically assisted current application showed reduced interfacial nanoleakage upon scanning electron microscopy. Electric current application, from 20 to 70 µA, had no effect on the viability of HDPCs. This study provides further evidence for its future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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97
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Lee SK, Park S, Gimm YM, Kim YW. Extremely low frequency magnetic fields induce spermatogenic germ cell apoptosis: possible mechanism. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:567183. [PMID: 25025060 PMCID: PMC4082851 DOI: 10.1155/2014/567183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The energy generated by an extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) is too weak to directly induce genotoxicity. However, it is reported that an extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) is related to DNA strand breakage and apoptosis. The testes that conduct spermatogenesis through a dynamic cellular process involving meiosis and mitosis seem vulnerable to external stress such as heat, MF exposure, and chemical or physical agents. Nevertheless the results regarding adverse effects of ELF-EMF on human or animal reproductive functions are inconclusive. According to the guideline of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP; 2010) for limiting exposure to time-varying MF (1 Hz to 100 kHz), overall conclusion of epidemiologic studies has not consistently shown an association between human adverse reproductive outcomes and maternal or paternal exposure to low frequency fields. In animal studies there is no compelling evidence of causal relationship between prenatal development and ELF-MF exposure. However there is increasing evidence that EL-EMF exposure is involved with germ cell apoptosis in testes. Biophysical mechanism by which ELF-MF induces germ cell apoptosis has not been established. This review proposes the possible mechanism of germ cell apoptosis in testes induced by ELF-MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Kon Lee
- Department of Urology, Sacred Heart Hospital, School of Medicine, Hallym University, 153 Kyo-dong, Gangwon, Chuncheon 200-704, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungman Park
- Institute of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Hallym University, Gangwon, Chuncheon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Myoung Gimm
- School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dankook University, 152 Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Gyeonggi, Yongin 448-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Won Kim
- Institute of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Hallym University, Gangwon, Chuncheon 200-702, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hallym University, Gangwon, Chuncheon 200-702, Republic of Korea
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98
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Effects of exposure to an extremely low frequency electromagnetic field on hippocampal long-term potentiation in rat. Brain Res 2014; 1564:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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99
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Leone L, Fusco S, Mastrodonato A, Piacentini R, Barbati SA, Zaffina S, Pani G, Podda MV, Grassi C. Epigenetic Modulation of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis by Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 49:1472-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8650-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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100
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Mihai CT, Rotinberg P, Brinza F, Vochita G. Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields cause DNA strand breaks in normal cells. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2014; 12:15. [PMID: 24401758 PMCID: PMC3897901 DOI: 10.1186/2052-336x-12-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields aren't considered as a real carcinogenic agent despite the fact that some studies have showed impairment of the DNA integrity in different cells lines. The aim of this study was evaluation of the late effects of a 100 Hz and 5.6 mT electromagnetic field, applied continuously or discontinuously, on the DNA integrity of Vero cells assessed by alkaline Comet assay and by cell cycle analysis. Normal Vero cells were exposed to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (100 Hz, 5.6 mT) for 45 minutes. The Comet assay and cell cycle analysis were performed 48 hours after the treatment. RESULTS Exposed samples presented an increase of the number of cells with high damaged DNA as compared with non-exposed cells. Quantitative evaluation of the comet assay showed a significantly (<0.001) increase of the tail lengths, of the quantity of DNA in tail and of Olive tail moments, respectively. Cell cycle analysis showed an increase of the frequency of the cells in S phase, proving the occurrence of single strand breaks. The most probable mechanism of induction of the registered effects is the production of different types of reactive oxygen species. CONCLUSIONS The analysis of the registered comet indices and of cell cycle showed that extremely low frequency electromagnetic field of 100 Hz and 5.6 mT had a genotoxic impact on Vero cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmin Teodor Mihai
- Department of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Pincu Rotinberg
- National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, branch Institute of Biological Research Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Florin Brinza
- Faculty of Physics, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriela Vochita
- National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, branch Institute of Biological Research Iasi, Iasi, Romania
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