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Early progression as a predictor of survival in marginal zone lymphomas: an analysis from the FIL-NF10 study. Blood 2019; 134:798-801. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019001088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Marginal zone lymphomas (MZLs) are indolent nonfollicular B-cell lymphomas (INFLs) and have heterogeneous clinical behavior. Recently, time to progression of disease at 24 months (POD24) was identified to stratify overall survival (OS) in follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma and in INFL. Here, we examined the ability of POD24 to predict subsequent OS in a large, international cohort of MZL as part of the NF10 prospective international registry headed by Fondazione Italiana Linfomi (FIL). POD24 was only calculated for MZL patients requiring immediate therapy and was defined as experiencing lymphoma progression within 24 months from diagnosis. Among the 1325 patients enrolled in the NF10 study, we identified 321 patients with MZL for whom immediate therapy was planned right after lymphoma diagnosis. Overall, POD24 was confirmed in 59 patients (18%). Three-year OS for patients with POD24 was 53% with a hazard ratio of 19.5 (95% confidence interval, 8.4-45) compared with patients without POD24 (3-year OS, 95%). Association of POD24 with OS was confirmed for the subgroup of splenic and extranodal MZLs. Assessment of POD24 stratifies subsequent outcome in MZL and identifies a high-risk population. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02904577.
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Tan TD, Chiou LW, Wu MC, Wu JS, Lee MY, Huang YY, Chen SS. The Impact of First Complete Remission by PET-CT and Time to Next Treatment on Survival of Follicular Lymphoma Patients. Clin Hematol Int 2019; 1:168-172. [PMID: 34595427 PMCID: PMC8432364 DOI: 10.2991/chi.d.190528.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We retrospectively analyzed the impact of initial positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET-CT) complete remission (CR) and time to next treatment (TTNT) on patient outcome in follicular lymphoma. Between 2002 and 2014, 150 patients could be evaluated for treatment response and long-term outcome. The CR after first line treatment with either rituximab-cyclophosphamide, oncovin, and prednisolone (R-COP) or rituximab-cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, oncovin, and prednisolone (R-CHOP) was 89% and partial response (PR) was 7%. The 5- and 10-year survival rates were 86.0% and 62.6%, respectively. In five years, 11% of patients had died of lymphoma and 3% from other causes. Forty-seven patients (31%) underwent a second line of treatment comprising 19 (40%) with a TTNT shorter than 24 months and 28 (60%) longer than 24 months. There was no difference in overall survival (OS) between R-COP (86%) and R-CHOP (77%) at 5 years, but there were more next treatment events in the R-COP compared with the R-CHOP group on longer follow-up (60% versus 35% at 8 years). For PET-CT response, there was a significant OS difference between initial CR and PR patients (88% versus 70%, p < 0.01), and a longer TTNT was seen in initial CR patients. Patients with a TTNT longer than 24 months had better OS compared with patients with a shorter TTNT (93% versus 54% at 5 years, p < 0.01). In conclusion, patients with initial PET-CT CR and TTNT longer than 24 months had better OS compared with those achieving only PR and shorter TTNT. PET-CT CR should be considered the treatment goal during initial treatment, and more aggressive treatment should be considered for patients with a TTNT of less than 24 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran-Der Tan
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Koo Foundtion Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, No 125, Li-Teh Road, Bei-Tou district, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lun-Wei Chiou
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Koo Foundtion Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, No 125, Li-Teh Road, Bei-Tou district, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mau-Ching Wu
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Koo Foundtion Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, No 125, Li-Teh Road, Bei-Tou district, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jia-Shing Wu
- Radiation Oncology, Koo Foundtion Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, No 125, Li-Teh Road, Bei-Tou district, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Yuan Lee
- Pathology, Koo Foundtion Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, No 125, Li-Teh Road, Bei-Tou district, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Yi Huang
- Nuclear Medicine, Koo Foundtion Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, No 125, Li-Teh Road, Bei-Tou district, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shing-Su Chen
- Radiology, Koo Foundtion Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, No 125, Li-Teh Road, Bei-Tou district, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Morschhauser F, Le Gouill S, Feugier P, Bailly S, Nicolas-Virelizier E, Bijou F, Salles GA, Tilly H, Fruchart C, Van Eygen K, Snauwaert S, Bonnet C, Haioun C, Thieblemont C, Bouabdallah R, Wu KL, Canioni D, Meignin V, Cartron G, Houot R. Obinutuzumab combined with lenalidomide for relapsed or refractory follicular B-cell lymphoma (GALEN): a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 study. LANCET HAEMATOLOGY 2019; 6:e429-e437. [PMID: 31296423 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(19)30089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lenalidomide plus rituximab is approved to treat patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma. Obinutuzumab has been shown to enhance antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, phagocytosis, and direct B-cell killing better than rituximab. Our aim was to determine the activity and safety of lenalidomide plus obinutuzumab in previously treated patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma. METHODS In this multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 study, patients were enrolled from 24 Lymphoma Academic Research Organisation centres in France. Eligible patients (age ≥18 years) had histologically confirmed CD20-positive relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma of WHO grade 1, 2, or 3a; an ECOG performance status of 0-2; and received at least one previous rituximab-containing therapy. Patients received oral lenalidomide (20 mg) plus intravenously infused obinutuzumab as induction therapy (1000 mg; six 28-day cycles), 1-year maintenance with lenalidomide (10 mg; 12 28-day cycles; days 2-22) plus obinutuzumab (1000 mg; alternate cycles), and 1-year maintenance with obinutuzumab (1000 mg; six 56-day cycles; day 1). The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who achieved an overall response at induction end as per investigator assessment using the 1999 international working group criteria. The secondary endpoints were event-free survival, progression-free survival, overall survival, and safety. Analyses were per-protocol; the efficacy population included all patients who received at least one dose of both obinutuzumab and lenalidomide, and the safety population included all patients who received one dose of either investigational drug. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01582776, and is ongoing but closed to accrual. FINDINGS Between June 11, 2014, and Dec 18, 2015, 89 patients were recruited and 86 patients were evaluable for efficacy and 88 for safety. Median follow-up was 2·6 years (IQR 2·2-2·8). 68 (79%) of 86 evaluable patients (95% CI 69-87) achieved an overall response at induction end, meeting the prespecified primary endpoint. At 2 years, event-free survival was 62% (95% CI 51-72), progression-free survival 65% (95% CI 54-74), duration of response 70% (95% CI 57-79), and overall survival 87% (95% CI 78-93). Complete response was achieved by 33 (38%, 95% CI 28-50) of 86 patients at induction end, and the proportion of patients achieving a best overall response was 70 (81%, 95% CI 72-89) and 72 (84%, 74-91) of 86 patients during induction and treatment, respectively. The most common adverse events were asthenia (n=54, 61%), neutropenia (n=38, 43%), bronchitis (n=36, 41%), diarrhoea (n=35, 40%), and muscle spasms (n=34, 39%). Neutropenia was the most common toxicity of grade 3 or more; four (5%) patients had febrile neutropenia. 57 serious adverse events were reported in 30 (34%) of 88 patients. The most common serious adverse events were basal cell carcinoma (n=5, 6%), febrile neutropenia (n=4, 5%), and infusion-related reaction (n=3, 3%). One patient died due to treatment-related febrile neutropenia. INTERPRETATION Our data shows that lenalidomide plus obinutuzumab is active in previously treated patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma, including those with early relapse, and has a manageable safety profile. Randomised trials of new immunomodulatory regimens, such as GALEN or using GALEN as a backbone, versus lenalidomide plus rituximab, are warranted. FUNDING Lymphoma Academic Research Organisation, and Celgene and Roche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Morschhauser
- Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, EA 7365, Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, Lille, France.
| | - Steven Le Gouill
- Department of Haematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre Feugier
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Sarah Bailly
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgique
| | | | | | - Gilles A Salles
- Department of Haematology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Hervé Tilly
- Department of Haematology and INSERM 1245, Centre Henri Becquerel, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Christophe Fruchart
- Institut d'Hématologie de Basse Normandie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, France
| | | | | | - Christophe Bonnet
- Clinical Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Corinne Haioun
- Lymphoid Malignancies Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Catherine Thieblemont
- Hemato-Oncology, Hospital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM U 728, Institut Universitaire d'Hematologie, Paris, France
| | - Reda Bouabdallah
- Department of Hematology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Ka Lung Wu
- Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen Stuivenberg, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Danielle Canioni
- Pathology Department, Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France et Paris V Descartes University, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Meignin
- Pathology Department, Saint Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris et Paris Cité Sorbonne Diderot 7 University, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Cartron
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, UMR 5235, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Roch Houot
- Haematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
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How I treat early-relapsing follicular lymphoma. Blood 2019; 133:1540-1547. [PMID: 30700421 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-08-822148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most frequently occurring indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma, with generally favorable outcomes but a variable clinical course. Recent studies have elucidated the consistent and reproducible frequency of early disease progression in FL, occurring in ∼20% of patients. Relapse of FL within 24 months of chemoimmunotherapy (POD24) is now established as a robust marker of poor survival, leading to increased risk of death. Currently, there is no established method of identifying patients at risk for early disease progression at the time of their FL diagnosis. However, numerous studies worldwide are investigating clinical, pathologic, and radiographic biomarkers to help predict POD24, thereby improving subsequent outcomes and adapting therapy based on individual risk. There is also a paucity of standardized treatments for patients with POD24, but investigations are ongoing testing novel targeted therapies and autologous stem cell transplantation strategies. This review provides an overview of early-relapsing FL and our approach to patient management based on recent available data.
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Hübel K, Salles G, Marcus R, Zinzani PL, Dreyling M. New Treatment Options in Advanced Stage Follicular Lymphoma. Hemasphere 2018; 2:e156. [PMID: 31723794 PMCID: PMC6745966 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma is one of the most common non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with an expected survival of more than 20 years for the majority of patients. This impressive outcome has been achieved with the introduction of immunochemotherapy, as first line treatment with remissions lasting over 8 years, followed by other treatment options at first or subsequent relapse. However, certain groups of patients still have a poor prognosis. In recent years the efficacy of chemotherapy regimens has been augmented by new compounds selectively targeting the cell surface, intracellular pathways, and/or the microenvironment. Some of these are beginning to change the therapeutic landscape. This review summarizes prognostic factors in follicular lymphoma in order to identify patients with greatest medical need for these new treatment options and reviews recent data from prospective clinical studies testing new agents in first-line and relapsed follicular lymphoma. Finally, we assess the current role of immunochemotherapy and discuss the requirements for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hübel
- University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gilles Salles
- Hématologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, Lyon, France
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