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Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Naji MT, Al-Mamorry F. Role of vinpocetine in ischemic stroke and poststroke outcomes: A critical review. Brain Circ 2020; 6:1-10. [PMID: 32166194 PMCID: PMC7045535 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_46_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vinpocetine (VPN) is a synthetic ethyl-ester derivative of the alkaloid apovincamine from Vinca minor leaves. VPN is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 1 (PDE1) that has potential neurological effects through inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channel and reduction of neuronal calcium influx. VPN has noteworthy antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects with inhibitory effect on glial and astrocyte cells during and following ischemic stroke (IS). VPN is effective as adjuvant therapy in the management of epilepsy; it reduces seizure frequency by 50% in a dose of 2 mg/kg/day. VPN improves psychomotor performances through modulation of brain monoamine pathway mainly on dopamine and serotonin, which play an integral role in attenuation of depressive symptoms. VPN recover cognitive functions and spatial memory through inhibition of hippocampal and cortical PDE1 with augmentation of cyclic adenosin monophosphate and cyclic guanosin monophosphate ratio, enhancement of cholinergic neurotransmission, and inhibition of neuronal inflammatory mediators. Therefore, VPN is an effective agent in the management of IS and plays an integral role in the prevention and attenuation of poststroke epilepsy, depression, and cognitive deficit through direct cAMP/cGMP-dependent pathway or indirectly through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M. Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Almustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I. Al-Gareeb
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Almustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Marwa Thaier Naji
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Almustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Farah Al-Mamorry
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Almustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
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cGMP signaling pathway in hepatic encephalopathy neuroinflammation and cognition. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 79:106082. [PMID: 31869775 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome that results from liver failure and is characterized by a wide range of symptoms such as alteration in the sleep-waking cycle, neuromuscular coordination, mood, and cognition. The deregulation of nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)/protein kinase G (PKG) signaling pathway is thought to play an important role in the etiology and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, and several studies pointed that the cGMP signaling is impaired in patients with HE and experimental models of chronic hyperammonemia. This review aimed to briefly present the current knowledge of the cGMP signaling pathways in neuroinflammation, neurogenesis, and memory in hepatic encephalopathy and its potential therapeutic role.
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Aksoz E, Gocmez SS, Sahin TD, Aksit D, Aksit H, Utkan T. The protective effect of metformin in scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:818-825. [PMID: 31382167 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the world. One of the most commonly prescribed oral antidiabetic drug, metformin, has been shown to have beneficial effects on restoring impaired cognitive function. In the present study, we investigated the effects of metformin on spatial memory in terms of alleviating scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairments in rats by using the Morris water maze (MWM) test and the modified elevated plus-maze (mEPM) test. Furthermore, we investigated the possible mechanisms of action of metformin in preventing cognitive dysfunction. METHODS Male Wistar rats received metformin (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day) via gavage feeding for three weeks. Scopolamine was administered intraperitoneally before the probe step of the MWM test or the acquisition session of the mEPM test. RESULTS The learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine was reversed by metformin. In addition, metformin improved the level of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase and cAMP responsive element binding protein. However, metformin pretreatment had no impact on inhibiting the scopolamine-induced changes in acetylcholine levels. Furthermore, metformin exerted its antioxidant effect by significantly reversing scopolamine-induced changes in malondialdehyde, total antioxidant status, and superoxide dismutase levels in the hippocampus. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that one of the most commonly used antidiabetic drug, metformin, has the potential to prevent the development of dementia and be a novel therapeutic drug for the amelioration of cognitive dysfunction in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Aksoz
- Balikesir University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Cagis Campus, Balikesir, Turkey.
| | - Semil Selcen Gocmez
- Kocaeli University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Umuttepe Campus, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Tugce Demirtas Sahin
- Kocaeli University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Umuttepe Campus, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Dilek Aksit
- Balikesir University, Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cagis Campus, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Hasan Aksit
- Balikesir University, Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Biochemistry, Cagis Campus, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Tijen Utkan
- Kocaeli University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Umuttepe Campus, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Eivani M, Alijanpour S, Arefian E, Rezayof A. Corticolimbic analysis of microRNAs and protein expressions in scopolamine-induced memory loss under stress. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 164:107065. [PMID: 31400468 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess thealterations of corticolimbic microRNAs and protein expressions in the effect of scopolamine with or without stress on passive-avoidance memory in male Wistar rats. The expressions of miR-1, miR-10 and miR-26 and also the levels of p-CREB, CREB, C-FOS and BDNF in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), the hippocampus and the amygdala were evaluated using RT-qPCR and Western blotting techniques. The data showed that the administration of a muscarinic receptor antagonist, scopolamine or the exposure to 30 min stress significantly induced memory loss. Interestingly, the injection of an ineffective dose of scopolamine (0.5 mg/kg) alongside with exposure to an ineffective time of stress (10 min) impaired memory formation, suggesting a potentiative effect of stress on scopolamine response. Our results showed that memory formation was associated with the down-regulated expression of miR-1, miR-10 and miR-26 in the PFC and the hippocampus, but not the amygdala. The relative expression increase of miR-1 and miR-10 in the PFC and the hippocampus was shown in memory loss induced by scopolamine administration or 30-min stress. The PFC level of miR-10 and also hippocampal level of miR-1 and miR-10 were significantly up-regulated, while amygdala miR-1 and miR-26 were down-regulated in scopolamine-induced memory loss under stress. Memory formation increased BDNF, C-FOS and p-CREB/CREB in the PFC, the hippocampus and the amygdala. In contrast, the PFC, hippocampal and amygdala protein expressions were significantly decreased in memory loss induced by scopolamine administration (2 mg/kg), stress exposure (for 30 min) or scopolamine (0.5 mg/kg) plus stress (10 min). One of the most significant findings to emerge from this study is that the stress exposure potentiated the amnesic effect of scopolamine may via affecting the expressions of miRs and proteins in the PFC, the hippocampus and the amygdala. It is possible to hypothesis that corticolimbic signaling pathways play a critical role in relationship between stress and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Eivani
- Neuroscience Lab, Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Alijanpour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Molecular Virology Lab, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Rezayof
- Neuroscience Lab, Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Bae HJ, Sowndhararajan K, Park HB, Kim SY, Kim S, Kim DH, Choi JW, Jang DS, Ryu JH, Park SJ. Danshensu attenuates scopolamine and amyloid-β-induced cognitive impairments through the activation of PKA-CREB signaling in mice. Neurochem Int 2019; 131:104537. [PMID: 31425745 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an important chronic neurodegenerative disorder and is mainly associated with cognitive dysfunction. At present, bioactive compounds from traditional medicinal plants have received much attention for the enhancement of cognitive function. Danshensu, a phenolic acid isolated from herbal medicines, has various pharmacological activities in the central nervous system, including anxiolytic-like and neuroprotective properties. The present study aimed to investigate the ameliorating effects of danshensu on scopolamine- and amyloid-β (Aβ) protein-induced cognitive impairments in mice. Danshensu (3 and 10 mg/kg, p.o.) effectively ameliorated scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice, as measured in passive avoidance and Y-maze tasks. In a mechanistic study, danshensu inhibited monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) activity but not MAO-B. Additionally, danshensu treatment increased the dopamine level and the phosphorylation levels of protein kinase A (PKA) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), in the cortex of the brain. Furthermore, the ameliorating effect of danshensu against scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment was fully blocked by H89, a PKA inhibitor. Finally, danshensu also ameliorated Aβ-induced cognitive impairments in an animal model of AD. The results revealed that danshensu treatment significantly improved scopolamine and Aβ-induced cognitive impairments in mice by facilitation of dopamine signaling cascade such as PKA and CREB due to MAO-A inhibition. Thus, danshensu could be used as a promising therapeutic agent for preventing and treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jung Bae
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kandhasamy Sowndhararajan
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Hyeon-Bae Park
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - So-Yeon Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Songmun Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences and Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Woong Choi
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Se Jin Park
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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Sohn E, Lim HS, Kim YJ, Kim BY, Jeong SJ. Annona atemoya Leaf Extract Improves Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment by Preventing Hippocampal Cholinergic Dysfunction and Neuronal Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143538. [PMID: 31331043 PMCID: PMC6679418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored the preventative effect of Annona atemoya leaf (AAL) extract on memory impairment in a scopolamine (SCO)-induced cognitive deficit mouse model. Fifty-eight mice were randomly divided into six groups and orally treated with AAL extract at (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) or tacrine (TAC) for 21 days. Memory deficits were induced by a single injection of 1 mg/kg SCO (i.p.) and memory improvement was evaluated by using behavioral tests such as the passive avoidance task and Y-maze test. The levels of cholinergic functions, neuronal cell death, reactive oxygen species, and protein expression related to hippocampal neurogenesis were examined by immunohistochemical staining and western blotting. The administration of AAL extract improved memory impairment according to increased spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze and step-through latency in passive avoidance test. AAL extract treatment increased the acetylcholine content, choline acetyltransferase, and acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampus of SCO-stimulated mice. In addition, AAL extract attenuated oxidative stress-induced neuronal cell death of hippocampal tissue. In terms of the regulatory mechanisms, AAL extract treatment reversed the SCO-induced decreases in the expression of Akt, phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Our findings demonstrate that AAL extract has the ability to alleviate memory impairment through preventative effect on cholinergic system dysfunction and oxidative stress-related neuronal cell death in a SCO-induced memory deficit animal model. Overall, AAL may be a promising plant resource for the managing memory dysfunction due to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Sohn
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Hye-Sun Lim
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Bu-Yeo Kim
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Jeong
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
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Escitalopram Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in D-Galactose-Injected Ovariectomized Rats: Modulation of JNK, GSK-3β, and ERK Signalling Pathways. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10056. [PMID: 31296935 PMCID: PMC6624366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Though selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been found to increase cognitive performance in some studies on patients and animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), other studies have reported contradictory results, and the mechanism of action has not been fully described. This study aimed to examine the effect of escitalopram, an SSRI, in an experimental model of AD and to determine the involved intracellular signalling pathways. Ovariectomized rats were administered D-galactose (150 mg/kg/day, i.p) over ten weeks to induce AD. Treatment with escitalopram (10 mg/kg/day, p.o) for four weeks, starting from the 7th week of D-galactose injection, enhanced memory performance and attenuated associated histopathological changes. Escitalopram reduced hippocampal amyloid β 42, β-secretase, and p-tau, while increasing α-secretase levels. Furthermore, it decreased tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor-kappa B p65, and NADPH oxidase, while enhancing brain-derived neurotrophic factor, phospho-cAMP response element binding protein, and synaptophysin levels. Moreover, escitalopram diminished the protein expression of the phosphorylated forms of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/c-Jun, while increasing those of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and its upstream kinases MEK and Raf-1. In conclusion, escitalopram ameliorated D-galactose/ovariectomy-induced AD-like features through modulation of PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β, Raf-1/MEK/ERK, and JNK/c-Jun pathways.
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58
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Lee YS, Park SY, Heo HJ, Lee WS, Hong KW, Kim CD. Multitarget-directed cotreatment with cilostazol and aripiprazole for augmented neuroprotection against oxidative stress-induced toxicity in HT22 mouse hippocampal cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 857:172454. [PMID: 31202803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular dysfunction is crucially associated with cognitive impairment and a high prevalence of psychotic symptoms in the vascular dementia characterized by oxidative stress and multifactorial neurodegeneration. In this study, the significant decrease in BDNF expression in HT22 cells due to H2O2 (0.25 mM) was little affected by either aripiprazole (1 μM) or cilostazol (1 μM) alone, but significantly increased by cotreatment with both drugs. Even in the presence of H2O2, P-CK2α (Tyr 255), nuclear P-CREB (Ser 133), and nuclear P-β-catenin (Ser 675) levels were significantly increased in a synergistic manner by aripiprazole plus cilostazol cotreatment. Aripiprazole and cilostazol cotreatment synergistically increased P-GSK-3β (Ser 9) level. Nrf2/HO-1 expression was significantly elevated time- and concentration-dependently by either aripiprazole or cilostazol. In line with these, concurrent treatment with aripiprazole (1 μM) plus cilostazol (1 μM) significantly increased Nrf2 and HO-1 expression in a synergistic manner, accompanying with increased ARE luciferase activity, while each drug monotherapy showed little effects. Consequently, this cotreatment synergistically ameliorated the attenuated neurite outgrowth induced by H2O2 in the HT22 cells, and these were inhibited by K252A (inhibitor of BDNF receptor), TBCA (CK2 inhibitor), imatinib (β-catenin inhibitor) and ZnPP (inhibitor of HO-1), indicating that BDNF, P-CK2α, β-catenin and HO-1 activation are implicated in the enhanced neurite outgrowth. This study highlights that cotreatment with low concentrations of aripiprazole and cilostazol synergistically elicits neuroprotective effects by overcoming oxidative stress-evoked neurotoxicity associated with increased neurite outgrowth, providing a rationale for the use of this combinatorial treatment in vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sle Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - So Youn Park
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Heo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Suk Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Whan Hong
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Dae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea.
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Elaeagnus glabra f. oxyphylla Attenuates Scopolamine-Induced Learning and Memory Impairments in Mice by Improving Cholinergic Transmission via Activation of CREB/NGF Signaling. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061205. [PMID: 31141948 PMCID: PMC6627942 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of an Elaeagnus glabra f. oxyphylla (EGFO) ethanol extract in mice with scopolamine-induced memory dysfunction. Fifty male mice were randomly divided into a normal control group, a scopolamine-treated group, a scopolamine and EGFO extract-treated group, and a scopolamine and tacrine-treated group. EGFO (50 or 100 mg/kg/day) was received for 21 days. Step-through passive avoidance and Y-maze tests were performed to examine the effects of treatment on learning and memory impairments. Acetylcholine (Ach) levels and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity were measured via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Levels of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), nerve growth factor (NGF), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and apoptosis-related protein expression were determined via Western blot analysis. EGFO pretreatment significantly attenuated scopolamine-induced memory impairments, relative to findings observed in the scopolamine-treated group. Levels of cholinergic factors in the brain tissues were markedly attenuated in the scopolamine-treated group. EGFO treatment also attenuated neural apoptosis in scopolamine-treated mice by decreasing the expression of apoptosis-related proteins such as Bax, Bcl2, cleaved caspase-3, and TUNEL staining. These results suggest that EGFO improves memory and cognition in a mouse model of memory impairment by restoring cholinergic and anti-apoptotic activity, possibly via activation of CREB/NGF signaling.
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Lejri I, Agapouda A, Grimm A, Eckert A. Mitochondria- and Oxidative Stress-Targeting Substances in Cognitive Decline-Related Disorders: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Evidence. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9695412. [PMID: 31214285 PMCID: PMC6535827 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9695412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia affecting people mainly in their sixth decade of life and at a higher age. It is an extensively studied neurodegenerative disorder yet incurable to date. While its main postmortem brain hallmarks are the presence of amyloid-β plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau tangles, the onset of the disease seems to be largely correlated to mitochondrial dysfunction, an early event in the disease pathogenesis. AD is characterized by flawed energy metabolism in the brain and excessive oxidative stress, processes that involve less adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and more reactive oxygen species (ROS) production respectively. Mitochondria are at the center of both these processes as they are responsible for energy and ROS generation through mainly oxidative phosphorylation. Standardized Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE), resveratrol, and phytoestrogens as well as the neurosteroid allopregnanolone have shown not only some mitochondria-modulating properties but also significant antioxidant potential in in vitro and in vivo studies. According to our review of the literature, GBE, resveratrol, allopregnanolone, and phytoestrogens showed promising effects on mitochondria in a descending evidence order and, notably, this order pattern is in line with the existing clinical evidence level for each entity. In this review, the effects of these four entities are discussed with special focus on their mitochondria-modulating effects and their mitochondria-improving and antioxidant properties across the spectrum of cognitive decline-related disorders. Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies on their mechanisms of action are summarized and highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Lejri
- University of Basel, Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, Basel, Switzerland
- Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Psychiatric University Clinics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anastasia Agapouda
- University of Basel, Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, Basel, Switzerland
- Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Psychiatric University Clinics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amandine Grimm
- University of Basel, Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, Basel, Switzerland
- Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Psychiatric University Clinics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Eckert
- University of Basel, Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, Basel, Switzerland
- Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Psychiatric University Clinics, Basel, Switzerland
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Perez DR, Sklar LA, Chigaev A. Clioquinol: To harm or heal. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 199:155-163. [PMID: 30898518 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clioquinol, one of the first mass-produced drugs, was considered safe and efficacious for many years. It was used as an antifungal and an antiprotozoal drug until it was linked to an outbreak of subacute myelo-optic neuropathy (SMON), a debilitating disease almost exclusively confined to Japan. Today, new information regarding clioquinol targets and its mechanism of action, as well as genetic variation (SNPs) in efflux transporters in the Japanese population, provide a unique interpretation of the existing phenomena. Further understanding of clioquinol's role in the inhibition of cAMP efflux and promoting apoptosis might offer promise for the treatment of cancer and/or neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we highlight recent developments in the field and discuss possible connections, hypotheses and perspectives in clioquinol-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique R Perez
- University of New Mexico Center for Molecular Discovery, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Larry A Sklar
- University of New Mexico Center for Molecular Discovery, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Alexandre Chigaev
- University of New Mexico Center for Molecular Discovery, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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Inhibition of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 and cholinesterases by pterosins via a specific structure-activity relationship with a strong BBB permeability. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-18. [PMID: 30755593 PMCID: PMC6372667 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We extracted 15 pterosin derivatives from Pteridium aquilinum that inhibited β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and cholinesterases involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). (2R)-Pterosin B inhibited BACE1, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with an IC50 of 29.6, 16.2 and 48.1 µM, respectively. The Ki values and binding energies (kcal/mol) between pterosins and BACE1, AChE, and BChE corresponded to the respective IC50 values. (2R)-Pterosin B was a noncompetitive inhibitor against human BACE1 and BChE as well as a mixed-type inhibitor against AChE, binding to the active sites of the corresponding enzymes. Molecular docking simulation of mixed-type and noncompetitive inhibitors for BACE1, AChE, and BChE indicated novel binding site-directed inhibition of the enzymes by pterosins and the structure-activity relationship. (2R)-Pterosin B exhibited a strong BBB permeability with an effective permeability (Pe) of 60.3×10-6 cm/s on PAMPA-BBB. (2R)-Pterosin B and (2R,3 R)-pteroside C significantly decreased the secretion of Aβ peptides from neuroblastoma cells that overexpressed human β-amyloid precursor protein at 500 μM. Conclusively, our study suggested that several pterosins are potential scaffolds for multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) for AD therapeutics.
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63
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Hu J, Huang YD, Pan T, Zhang T, Su T, Li X, Luo HB, Huang L. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Dual-Target Inhibitors of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Phosphodiesterase 9A (PDE9A) for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:537-551. [PMID: 30252439 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of dual-target AChE/PDE9A inhibitor compounds were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as anti-Alzheimer's Disease (AD) agents. Among these target compounds, 11a (AChE: IC50 = 0.048 μM; PDE9A: IC50 = 0.530 μM) and 11b (AChE: IC50 = 0.223 μM; PDE9A: IC50 = 0.285 μM) exhibited excellent and balanced dual-target AChE/PDE9A inhibitory activities. Meanwhile, those two compounds possess good blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrability and low neurotoxicity. Especially, 11a and 11b could ameliorate learning deficits induced by scopolamine (Scop). Moreover, 11a could also improve cognitive and spatial memory in Aβ25-35-induced cognitive deficit mice in the Morris water-maze test. In summary, our research developed a series of potential dual-target AChE/PDE9A inhibitors, and the data indicated that 11a was a promising candidate drug for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ya-Dan Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tingting Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tianhua Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tao Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xingshu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hai-Bin Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ling Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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64
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Sharma P, Srivastava P, Seth A, Tripathi PN, Banerjee AG, Shrivastava SK. Comprehensive review of mechanisms of pathogenesis involved in Alzheimer's disease and potential therapeutic strategies. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 174:53-89. [PMID: 30599179 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and a leading cause of dementia in an aging population worldwide. The enormous challenge which AD possesses to global healthcare makes it as urgent as ever for the researchers to develop innovative treatment strategies to fight this disease. An in-depth analysis of the extensive available data associated with the AD is needed for a more comprehensive understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological pathways associated with the onset and progression of the AD. The currently understood pathological and biochemical manifestations include cholinergic, Aβ, tau, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, ApoE, CREB signaling pathways, insulin resistance, etc. However, these hypotheses have been criticized with several conflicting reports for their involvement in the disease progression. Several issues need to be addressed such as benefits to cost ratio with cholinesterase therapy, the dilemma of AChE selectivity over BChE, BBB permeability of peptidic BACE-1 inhibitors, hurdles related to the implementation of vaccination and immunization therapy, and clinical failure of candidates related to newly available targets. The present review provides an insight to the different molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of the AD and potential therapeutic strategies, enlightening perceptions into structural information of conventional and novel targets along with the successful applications of computational approaches for the design of target-specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyoosh Sharma
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Pavan Srivastava
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Ankit Seth
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Prabhash Nath Tripathi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Anupam G Banerjee
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Sushant K Shrivastava
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India.
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ArunSundar M, Shanmugarajan TS, Ravichandiran V. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethanol Assuages Cognitive Impulsivity in Alzheimer's Disease by Attuning HPA-Axis via Differential Crosstalk of α7 nAChR with MicroRNA-124 and HDAC6. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2904-2916. [PMID: 29901389 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impulsivity, a form of suboptimal cost-benefit decision making, is an illustrious attribute of an array of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, a delay discounting paradigm was used to assess the effect of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol (DOPET) on cognitive impulsivity, in an oA42i (oligomeric amyloid β1-42 plus ibotenic acid) induced AD mouse model, using a nonspatial T-maze task. The results depicted that oA42i administration elevated cognitive impulsivity, whereas DOPET treatment attenuated the impulsive behavior and matched the choice of the sham-operated controls. In addition, DOPET treatment has ameliorated the anxiety-like behavior in the oA42i-challenged mice. Probing the molecular signaling cascades underpinning these functional ramifications in the oA42i-challenged mice revealed reduced cholinergic (α7 nAChR; alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor) function, dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis (manifested by amplified glucocorticoid receptor expression and plasma corticosterone levels), and also aberrations in the neuroepigenetic (microRNA-124, HDAC6 (histone deacetylase 6), and HSP90 (heat-shock protein 90) expressions) as well as nucleocytoplasmic (importin-α1 expression and nuclear ultra-architecture) continuum. Nonetheless, DOPET administration ameliorated these perturbations and the observations were in line with that of the sham-operated mice. Further validation of the results with organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs) confirmed the in vivo findings. We opine that HPA-axis attunement by DOPET might be orchestrated through the α7 nAChR-mediated pathway. Based on these outcomes, we posit that 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol might be a potential multimodal agent for the management of cognitive impulsivity and neuromolecular quagmire in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanasundaram ArunSundar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels University (VISTAS), Pallavaram, Chennai-600117, India
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66
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Melatonin Rescue Oxidative Stress-Mediated Neuroinflammation/ Neurodegeneration and Memory Impairment in Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia Mice Model. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2018; 14:278-294. [DOI: 10.1007/s11481-018-9824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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67
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Ko YH, Kwon SH, Ma SX, Seo JY, Lee BR, Kim K, Kim SY, Lee SY, Jang CG. The memory-enhancing effects of 7,8,4’-trihydroxyisoflavone, a major metabolite of daidzein, are associated with activation of the cholinergic system and BDNF signaling pathway in mice. Brain Res Bull 2018; 142:197-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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68
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Zhang L, Seo JH, Li H, Nam G, Yang HO. The phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, KJH-1002, reverses a mouse model of amnesia by activating a cGMP/cAMP response element binding protein pathway and decreasing oxidative damage. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:3347-3360. [PMID: 29847860 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Inhibition of PDE5 improves synaptic plasticity and memory via enhancing cGMP expression, thus activating the cGMP/cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) signalling pathway. This study investigated the effects of a PDE5 inhibitor on scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction, using memory-related behavioural tests and biochemical assays. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In mice were pretreated with PDE5 inhibitor, amnesia was induced by scopolamine. The learning and memory abilities of mice were tested using the Morris water maze test, the Y-maze test, the passive avoidance test and the novel object recognition test in sequence. Expression of memory-related bio-molecules and oxidative stress parameters in brain tissue were measured using Western blot and spectrophotometry respectively. KEY RESULTS KJH-1002, a novel and potent inhibitor of PDE5 (IC50 0.059 ± 0.04 nmol·L-1 ), was synthesized. In the behavioural tests, it markedly improved the memory performance impaired by scopolamine, indicating a restoration of cognitive function in the mice. Moreover, KJH-1002 increased cGMP levels in the cortex and the scopolamine-reduced expression of phosphorylated CREB, Levels of ERK 1/2, Akt and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the cortex and hippocampus were restored by KJH-1002 treatment. In addition, KJH-1002 administration increased the activities of SOD, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, and decreased the level of malondialdehyde. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS KJH-1002 restored cognitive function in scopolamine-induced amnesia mice by activating the cGMP/CREB signalling pathway and attenuating oxidative stress. The beneficial effects of KJH-1002 on cognition indicate its potential as a therapeutic candidate for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhang
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea.,Division of Bio-medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong Seo
- Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Huan Li
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea.,Division of Bio-medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ghilsoo Nam
- Division of Bio-medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Center for Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ok Yang
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea.,Division of Bio-medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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69
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Presymptomatic change in microRNAs modulates Tau pathology. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9251. [PMID: 29915328 PMCID: PMC6006352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27527-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are 18~23 nucleotides long non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. To explore whether miR alterations in tauopathy contribute to pathological conditions, we first determined which hippocampal miRs are altered at the presymptomatic and symptomatic stages of tauopathy using rTg4510 mice (Tau mice), a well-characterized tauopathy model. miR-RNA pairing analysis using QIAGEN Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) revealed 401 genes that can be regulated by 71 miRs altered in Tau hippocampi at the presymptomatic stage. Among several miRs confirmed with real-time qPCR, miR142 (−3p and −5p) in Tau hippocampi were significantly upregulated by two-weeks of age and onward. Transcriptome studies by RNAseq and IPA revealed several overlapping biological and disease associated pathways affected by either Tau or miR142 overexpression, including Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (Stat3) and Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 2 (Tnfr2) signaling pathways. Similar to what was observed in Tau brains, overexpressing miR142 in wildtype cortical neurons augments mRNA levels of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (Gfap) and Colony Stimulating Factor 1 (Csf1), accompanied by a significant increase in microglia and reactive astrocyte numbers. Taken together, our study suggests that miR alterations by Tau overexpression may contribute to the neuroinflammation observed in Tau brains.
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70
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Braidy N, Essa MM, Poljak A, Selvaraju S, Al-Adawi S, Manivasagm T, Thenmozhi AJ, Ooi L, Sachdev P, Guillemin GJ. Consumption of pomegranates improves synaptic function in a transgenic mice model of Alzheimer's disease. Oncotarget 2018; 7:64589-64604. [PMID: 27486879 PMCID: PMC5323101 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by extracellular plaques containing abnormal Amyloid Beta (Aβ) aggregates, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles containing hyperphosphorylated tau protein, microglia-dominated neuroinflammation, and impairments in synaptic plasticity underlying cognitive deficits. Therapeutic strategies for the treatment of AD are currently limited. In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of 4% pomegranate extract to a standard chow diet on neuroinflammation, and synaptic plasticity in APPsw/Tg2576 mice brain. Treatment with a custom mixed diet (pellets) containing 4% pomegranate for 15 months ameliorated the loss of synaptic structure proteins, namely PSD-95, Munc18-1, and SNAP25, synaptophysin, phosphorylation of Calcium/Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase IIα (p-CaMKIIα/ CaMKIIα), and phosphorylation of Cyclic AMP-Response Element Binding Protein (pCREB/CREB), inhibited neuroinflammatory activity, and enhanced autophagy, and activation of the phophoinositide-3-kinase-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. These neuroprotective effects were associated with reduced β-site cleavage of Amyloid Precursor Protein in APPsw/Tg2576 mice. Therefore, long-term supplementation with pomegranates can attenuate AD pathology by reducing inflammation, and altering APP-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Oman.,Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Oman
| | - Anne Poljak
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Oman
| | - Subash Selvaraju
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Oman.,Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Oman
| | - Samir Al-Adawi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Oman.,College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Oman
| | | | | | - Lezanne Ooi
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, MND and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Centre, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
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71
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Beneficial Effects of Gagam-Palmultang on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Deficits in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:3479083. [PMID: 29670659 PMCID: PMC5835292 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3479083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
From text mining of Dongeuibogam, the 7 herbs in Palmultang can be considered effective candidates for memory enhancement. We sought to determine whether Gagam-Palmultang, comprising these 7 herbs, ameliorates scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice, by focusing on the central cholinergic system and memory-related signaling molecules. Behavioral tests were performed after inducing memory impairment by scopolamine administration. The cholinergic system activity and memory-related molecules were examined in the hippocampus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent, western blot, and immunofluorescence assays. Gagam-Palmultang ameliorated scopolamine-induced memory impairment in the Morris water maze test, producing a significant improvement in the mean time required to find the hidden platform. Treatment with Gagam-Palmultang reduced acetylcholinesterase activity and expression in the hippocampus induced by scopolamine. The diminished phosphorylated phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF) expressions caused by scopolamine administration were attenuated by treatment with Gagam-Palmultang. This treatment also promoted neuronal cell proliferation in the hippocampus. Gagam-Palmultang has beneficial effects against scopolamine-induced memory impairments, which are exerted via modulation of the cholinergic system as well as the PI3K and ERK/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway. Therefore, this multiherb formula may be a useful therapeutic agent for diseases associated with memory impairments.
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72
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Heckman PRA, Blokland A, Bollen EPP, Prickaerts J. Phosphodiesterase inhibition and modulation of corticostriatal and hippocampal circuits: Clinical overview and translational considerations. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 87:233-254. [PMID: 29454746 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The corticostriatal and hippocampal circuits contribute to the neurobiological underpinnings of several neuropsychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Based on biological function, these circuits can be clustered into motor circuits, associative/cognitive circuits and limbic circuits. Together, dysfunctions in these circuits produce the wide range of symptoms observed in related neuropsychiatric disorders. Intracellular signaling in these circuits is largely mediated through the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway with an additional role for the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)/ protein kinase G (PKG) pathway, both of which can be regulated by phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE inhibitors). Through their effects on cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and Dopamine- and cAMP-Regulated PhosphoProtein MR 32 kDa (DARPP-32), cyclic nucleotide pathways are involved in synaptic transmission, neuron excitability, neuroplasticity and neuroprotection. In this clinical review, we provide an overview of the current clinical status, discuss the general mechanism of action of PDE inhibitors in relation to the corticostriatal and hippocampal circuits and consider several translational challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R A Heckman
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - A Blokland
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E P P Bollen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J Prickaerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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73
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Wu Y, Li Z, Huang YY, Wu D, Luo HB. Novel Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors for Cognitive Improvement in Alzheimer's Disease. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5467-5483. [PMID: 29363967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the greatest public health challenges. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a superenzyme family responsible for the hydrolysis of two second messengers: cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Since several PDE subfamilies are highly expressed in the human brain, the inhibition of PDEs is involved in neurodegenerative processes by regulating the concentration of cAMP and/or cGMP. Currently, PDEs are considered as promising targets for the treatment of AD since many PDE inhibitors have exhibited remarkable cognitive improvement effects in preclinical studies and over 15 of them have been subjected to clinical trials. The aim of this review is to summarize the outstanding progress that has been made by PDE inhibitors as anti-AD agents with encouraging results in preclinical studies and clinical trials. The binding affinity, pharmacokinetics, underlying mechanisms, and limitations of these PDE inhibitors in the treatment of AD are also reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Yi-You Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Deyan Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bin Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
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74
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Huang Y, Huang X, Zhang L, Han F, Pang KL, Li X, Shen JY. Magnesium boosts the memory restorative effect of environmental enrichment in Alzheimer's disease mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2017; 24:70-79. [PMID: 29125684 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental enrichment (EE) has been shown to enhance cognitive function in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Magnesium-L-threonate (MgT) is a compound with a newly discovered effect to rescue learning and memory function in aging and AD mice. AIM To study the additive therapeutic effect of EE combined with MgT (EM) and the potential mechanism underlying the effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS APP/PS1 mice were treated with EE, MgT, or combination of EE and MgT (EM) and compared for restored memory function. RESULTS EM was more effective in improving cognition and spatial memory than either treatment alone in either long-term (12 months, started at 3 months old, which was before disease manifestation) or short-term (3 months, started at 6 months old, which was after disease manifestation) treatment. The behavioral improvement has coincided with rescue of synaptic contacts in the hippocampal region of the AD mouse brain. Immunoblots also showed that EM but neither single treatment rescued the activity reduction in CaMKII and CREB, two important downstream molecules in the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) pathway. CONCLUSION Environmental enrichment and MgT may synergistically improve recognition and spatial memory by reducing synaptic loss and restoring the NMDAR signaling pathway in AD mice, which suggests that combination of EE and MgT may be a novel therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Huang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke-Liang Pang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Ying Shen
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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75
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Ding S, Zhu T, Tian Y, Xu P, Chen Z, Huang X, Zhang X. Role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Endometriosis Pain. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:1045-1057. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719117732161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Ding
- Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianhong Zhu
- Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Tian
- Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Xu
- Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengyun Chen
- Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiufeng Huang
- Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinmei Zhang
- Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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Inhibition of PDE2 reverses beta amyloid induced memory impairment through regulation of PKA/PKG-dependent neuro-inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12044. [PMID: 28935920 PMCID: PMC5608906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta amyloid peptides (Aβ) are known risk factors involved in cognitive impairment, neuroinflammatory and apoptotic processes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Phosphodiesterase 2 (PDE2) inhibitors increase the intracellular cAMP and/or cGMP activities, which may ameliorate cognitive deficits associated with AD. However, it remains unclear whether PDE2 mediated neuroapoptotic and neuroinflammatory events, as well as cognitive performance in AD are related to cAMP/cGMP-dependent pathways. The present study investigated how the selective PDE2 inhibitor BAY60-7550 (BAY) affected Aβ-induced learning and memory impairment in two classic rodent models. IL-22 and IL-17, Bax and Bcl-2, PKA/PKG and the brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) levels in hippocampus and cortex were detected with immunoblotting assay. The results showed that BAY reversed Aβ-induced cognitive impairment as shown in the water maze test and step-down test. Moreover, BAY treatment reversed the Aβ-induced changes in IL-22 and IL-17 and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. Changes in cAMP/cGMP levels, PKA/PKG and BDNF expression were also prevented by BAY. These effects of BAY on memory performance and related neurochemical changes were partially blocked by the PKG inhibitor KT 5823. These findings indicated that the protective effects of BAY against Aβ-induced memory deficits might involve the regulation of neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptotic events.
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Effects of Crocin on Spatial Memory Impairment Induced by Hyoscine and Its Effects on BDNF, CREB, and p-CREB Protein and mRNA Levels in Rat Hippocampus. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.64315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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78
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Grizzell JA, Patel S, Barreto GE, Echeverria V. Cotinine improves visual recognition memory and decreases cortical Tau phosphorylation in the Tg6799 mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 78:75-81. [PMID: 28536070 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with the progressive aggregation of hyperphosphorylated forms of the microtubule associated protein Tau in the central nervous system. Cotinine, the main metabolite of nicotine, reduced working memory deficits, synaptic loss, and amyloid β peptide aggregation into oligomers and plaques as well as inhibited the cerebral Tau kinase, glycogen synthase 3β (GSK3β) in the transgenic (Tg)6799 (5XFAD) mice. In this study, the effect of cotinine on visual recognition memory and cortical Tau phosphorylation at the GSK3β sites Serine (Ser)-396/Ser-404 and phospho-CREB were investigated in the Tg6799 and non-transgenic (NT) littermate mice. Tg mice showed short-term visual recognition memory impairment in the novel object recognition test, and higher levels of Tau phosphorylation when compared to NT mice. Cotinine significantly improved visual recognition memory performance increased CREB phosphorylation and reduced cortical Tau phosphorylation. Potential mechanisms underlying theses beneficial effects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alex Grizzell
- Research & Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL 33744, USA
| | - Sagar Patel
- Department of Psychology, NeuroNET Research Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia; Center for Biomedical Research, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Carlos Antúnez 1920, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Research & Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL 33744, USA; Fac. Cs de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción 4080871, Chile.
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Dyck B, Branstetter B, Gharbaoui T, Hudson AR, Breitenbucher JG, Gomez L, Botrous I, Marrone T, Barido R, Allerston CK, Cedervall EP, Xu R, Sridhar V, Barker R, Aertgeerts K, Schmelzer K, Neul D, Lee D, Massari ME, Andersen CB, Sebring K, Zhou X, Petroski R, Limberis J, Augustin M, Chun LE, Edwards TE, Peters M, Tabatabaei A. Discovery of Selective Phosphodiesterase 1 Inhibitors with Memory Enhancing Properties. J Med Chem 2017; 60:3472-3483. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Dyck
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Bryan Branstetter
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Tawfik Gharbaoui
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Andrew R. Hudson
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - J. Guy Breitenbucher
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Laurent Gomez
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Iriny Botrous
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Tami Marrone
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Richard Barido
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Charles K. Allerston
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - E. Peder Cedervall
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Rui Xu
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Vandana Sridhar
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Ryan Barker
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Kathleen Aertgeerts
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Kara Schmelzer
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - David Neul
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Dong Lee
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Mark Eben Massari
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Carsten B. Andersen
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Kristen Sebring
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Xianbo Zhou
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Robert Petroski
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - James Limberis
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Martin Augustin
- Proteros Biostructures GmbH, Bunsenstraße 7a, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lawrence E. Chun
- Berylllium, 7869 NE Day Road West, Bainbridge
Island, Washington 98110, United States
| | - Thomas E. Edwards
- Berylllium, 7869 NE Day Road West, Bainbridge
Island, Washington 98110, United States
| | - Marco Peters
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Ali Tabatabaei
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
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80
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Zhao H, Alam A, San CY, Eguchi S, Chen Q, Lian Q, Ma D. Molecular mechanisms of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in neuro-protection: Recent developments. Brain Res 2017; 1665:1-21. [PMID: 28396009 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal cell injury, as a consequence of acute or chronic neurological trauma, is a significant cause of mortality around the world. On a molecular level, the condition is characterized by widespread cell death and poor regeneration, which can result in severe morbidity in survivors. Potential therapeutics are of major interest, with a promising candidate being brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a ubiquitous agent in the brain which has been associated with neural development and may facilitate protective and regenerative effects following injury. This review summarizes the available information on the potential benefits of BDNF and the molecular mechanisms involved in several pathological conditions, including hypoxic brain injury, stroke, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. It further explores the methods in which BDNF can be applied in clinical and therapeutic settings, and the potential challenges to overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Zhao
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Azeem Alam
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Chun-Yin San
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Shiori Eguchi
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Qian Chen
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK; Department of Anaesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingquan Lian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Daqing Ma
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
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81
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Lu C, Shi Z, Sun X, Pan R, Chen S, Li Y, Qu L, Sun L, Dang H, Bu L, Chen L, Liu X. Kai Xin San aqueous extract improves Aβ 1-40-induced cognitive deficits on adaptive behavior learning by enhancing memory-related molecules expression in the hippocampus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 201:73-81. [PMID: 27751826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kai Xin San (KXS), a traditional formula of Chinese medicine, has been used to treat dementia. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to investigate its ameliorating effects on Aβ1-40-induced cognitive impairment in rats using a series of novel reward-directed instrumental learning tasks, and to determine its possible mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were pretreated with KXS aqueous extract (0.72 and 1.44g/kg, p.o.) for 10 days, and were trained to gain reward reinforcement by lever pressing at the meantime. Thereafter, rats received a bilateral microinjection of Aβ1-40 in CA1 regions of the hippocampus. Cognitive performance was evaluated with the goal directed (higher response ratio) and habit (visual signal discrimination and extinction) learning tasks, as well as on the levels of memory-related biochemical parameters and molecules. RESULTS Our findings first demonstrated that KXS can improve Aβ1-40-induced amnesia in RDIL via enhancing the comprehension of action-outcome association and the utilization of cue information to guide behavior. Then, its ameliorating effects should be attributed to the modulation of memory-related molecules in the hippocampus. CONCLUSION In conclusion, KXS has the potential to prevent and/or delay the deterioration of cognitive impairment in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Lu
- Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhe Shi
- Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuping Sun
- Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruile Pan
- Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shanguang Chen
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Qu
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Sun
- Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Dang
- Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lanlan Bu
- Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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82
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Hesse R, Lausser L, Gummert P, Schmid F, Wahler A, Schnack C, Kroker KS, Otto M, Tumani H, Kestler HA, Rosenbrock H, von Arnim CAF. Reduced cGMP levels in CSF of AD patients correlate with severity of dementia and current depression. Alzheimers Res Ther 2017; 9:17. [PMID: 28274265 PMCID: PMC5343324 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-017-0245-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, primarily affecting memory. That disorder is thought to be a consequence of neuronal network disturbances and synapse loss. Decline in cognitive function is associated with a high burden of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) such as depression. The cyclic nucleotides cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) are essential second messengers that play a crucial role in memory processing as well as synaptic plasticity and are potential therapeutic targets. Biomarkers that are able to monitor potential treatment effects and that reflect the underlying pathology are of crucial interest. METHODS In this study, we measured cGMP and cAMP in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a cohort of 133 subjects including 68 AD patients and 65 control subjects. To address the association with disease progression we correlated cognitive status with cyclic nucleotide levels. Because a high burden of NPSs is associated with decrease in cognitive function, we performed an exhaustive evaluation of AD-relevant marker combinations in a depressive subgroup. RESULTS We show that cGMP, but not cAMP, levels in the CSF of AD patients are significantly reduced compared with the control group. Reduced cGMP levels in AD patients correlate with memory impairment based on Mini-Mental State Examination score (r = 0.17, p = 0.048) and tau as a marker of neurodegeneration (r = -0.28, p = 0.001). Moreover, we were able to show that AD patients suffering from current depression show reduced cGMP levels (p = 0.07) and exhibit a higher degree of cognitive impairment than non-depressed AD patients. CONCLUSION These results provide further evidence for an involvement of cGMP in AD pathogenesis and accompanying co-morbidities, and may contribute to elucidating synaptic plasticity alterations during disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Hesse
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ludwig Lausser
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pauline Gummert
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Florian Schmid
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anke Wahler
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Cathrin Schnack
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Katja S. Kroker
- Department of Drug Discovery Support, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hayrettin Tumani
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans A. Kestler
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Holger Rosenbrock
- Department of CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
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83
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Gomez L, Massari ME, Vickers T, Freestone G, Vernier W, Ly K, Xu R, McCarrick M, Marrone T, Metz M, Yan YG, Yoder ZW, Lemus R, Broadbent NJ, Barido R, Warren N, Schmelzer K, Neul D, Lee D, Andersen CB, Sebring K, Aertgeerts K, Zhou X, Tabatabaei A, Peters M, Breitenbucher JG. Design and Synthesis of Novel and Selective Phosphodiesterase 2 (PDE2a) Inhibitors for the Treatment of Memory Disorders. J Med Chem 2017; 60:2037-2051. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Gomez
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Mark Eben Massari
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Troy Vickers
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Graeme Freestone
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - William Vernier
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Kiev Ly
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Rui Xu
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Margaret McCarrick
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Tami Marrone
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Markus Metz
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Yingzhou G. Yan
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Zachary W. Yoder
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Robert Lemus
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Nicola J. Broadbent
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Richard Barido
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Noelle Warren
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Kara Schmelzer
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - David Neul
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Dong Lee
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Carsten B. Andersen
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Kristen Sebring
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Kathleen Aertgeerts
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Xianbo Zhou
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Ali Tabatabaei
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - Marco Peters
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
| | - J. Guy Breitenbucher
- Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, California 92131, United States
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84
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Zhao WX, Zhang JH, Cao JB, Wang W, Wang DX, Zhang XY, Yu J, Zhang YY, Zhang YZ, Mi WD. Acetaminophen attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive impairment through antioxidant activity. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:17. [PMID: 28109286 PMCID: PMC5251335 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0781-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Considerable evidence has shown that neuroinflammation and oxidative stress play an important role in the pathophysiology of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and other progressive neurodegenerative disorders. Increasing evidence suggests that acetaminophen (APAP) has unappreciated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the impact of APAP on the cognitive sequelae of inflammatory and oxidative stress is unknown. The objective of this study is to explore whether APAP could have neuroprotective effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive impairment in mice. Methods A mouse model of LPS-induced cognitive impairment was established to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of APAP against LPS-induced cognitive impairment. Adult C57BL/6 mice were treated with APAP half an hour prior to intracerebroventricular microinjection of LPS and every day thereafter, until the end of the study period. The Morris water maze was used to assess cognitive function from postinjection days 1 to 3. Animal behavioural tests as well as pathological and biochemical assays were performed to evaluate LPS-induced hippocampal damage and the neuroprotective effect of APAP. Results Mice treated with LPS exhibited impaired performance in the Morris water maze without changing spontaneous locomotor activity, which was ameliorated by treatment with APAP. APAP suppressed the accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and microglial activation induced by LPS in the hippocampus. In addition, APAP increased SOD activity, reduced MDA levels, modulated glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) activity and elevated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the hippocampus. Moreover, APAP significantly decreased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and neuron apoptosis in the hippocampus of LPS-treated mice. Conclusions Our results suggest that APAP may possess a neuroprotective effect against LPS-induced cognitive impairment and inflammatory and oxidative stress via mechanisms involving its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as its ability to inhibit the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore and the subsequent apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Xing Zhao
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28th Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jun-Han Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jiang-Bei Cao
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28th Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28th Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Dong-Xin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Zhang
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28th Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28th Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yong-Yi Zhang
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28th Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - You-Zhi Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Key laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, 27th Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wei-Dong Mi
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28th Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
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85
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Mehan S, Parveen S, Kalra S. Adenyl cyclase activator forskolin protects against Huntington's disease-like neurodegenerative disorders. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:290-300. [PMID: 28400813 PMCID: PMC5361515 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.200812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Long term suppression of succinate dehydrogenase by selective inhibitor 3-nitropropionic acid has been used in rodents to model Huntington's disease where mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damages are primary pathological hallmarks for neuronal damage. Improvements in learning and memory abilities, recovery of energy levels, and reduction of excitotoxicity damage can be achieved through activation of Adenyl cyclase enzyme by a specific phytochemical forskolin. In this study, intraperitoneal administration of 10 mg/kg 3-nitropropionic acid for 15 days in rats notably reduced body weight, worsened motor cocordination (grip strength, beam crossing task, locomotor activity), resulted in learning and memory deficits, greatly increased acetylcholinesterase, lactate dehydrogenase, nitrite, and malondialdehyde levels, obviously decreased adenosine triphosphate, succinate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione levels in the striatum, cortex and hippocampus. Intragastric administration of forskolin at 10, 20, 30 mg/kg dose-dependently reversed these behavioral, biochemical and pathological changes caused by 3-nitropropionic acid. These results suggest that forskolin exhibits neuroprotective effects on 3-nitropropionic acid-induced Huntington's disease-like neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidharth Mehan
- Department of Pharamcology, Rajendra Institute of Technology & Sciences, Sirsa, Haryana, India
| | - Shaba Parveen
- Department of Pharamcology, Rajendra Institute of Technology & Sciences, Sirsa, Haryana, India
| | - Sanjeev Kalra
- Department of Pharamcology, Rajendra Institute of Technology & Sciences, Sirsa, Haryana, India
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86
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Heckman PRA, Blokland A, Prickaerts J. From Age-Related Cognitive Decline to Alzheimer's Disease: A Translational Overview of the Potential Role for Phosphodiesterases. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 17:135-168. [PMID: 28956332 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58811-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE-Is) are pharmacological compounds enhancing cAMP and/or cGMP signaling. Both these substrates affect neural communication by influencing presynaptic neurotransmitter release and postsynaptic intracellular pathways after neurotransmitter binding to its receptor. Both cAMP and cGMP play an important role in a variety of cellular functions including neuroplasticity and neuroprotection. This chapter provides a translational overview of the effects of different classes of PDE-Is on cognition enhancement in age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The most effective PDE-Is in preclinical models of aging and AD appear to be PDE2-Is, PDE4-Is and PDE5-Is. Clinical studies are relatively sparse and so far PDE1-Is and PDE4-Is showed some promising results. In the future, the demonstration of clinical proof of concept and the generation of isoform selective PDE-Is are the hurdles to overcome in developing safe and efficacious novel PDE-Is for the treatment of age-related cognitive decline and cognitive dysfunction in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim R A Heckman
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Blokland
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Prickaerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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87
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Park JM, Seong HH, Jin HB, Kim YJ. The Effect of Long-Term Environmental Enrichment in Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion-Induced Memory Impairment in Rats. Biol Res Nurs 2016; 19:278-286. [PMID: 28032515 DOI: 10.1177/1099800416686179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common cause of dementia. It occurs when the cerebral blood supply is reduced by disarrangement of the circulatory system. Environmental enrichment (EE) has been associated with cognitive improvement, motor function recovery, and anxiety relief with respect to various neurodegenerative diseases and emotional stress models. The purpose of this study was to determine whether long-term EE influenced cognitive impairment in a rat model of chronic hypoperfusion induced by permanent occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries (BCCAo). The Y-maze and Morris water maze tests were performed to evaluate the rats' cognitive functions. Also, the protein expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), phosphorylated cAMP-calcium response element binding protein (pCREB), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were confirmed by Western blot. The microvessels and angiogenesis-associated proteins in the hippocampal region were investigated using immunohistochemistry. The VaD + EE group showed significantly better cognitive functions than the VaD group in both the Y-maze and MWM tests. In addition, the VaD + EE group showed significantly increased expression of BDNF, pCREB, and VEGF in the hippocampus compared to the VaD group. Rats in the VaD + EE group also had increased length of microvessels and VEGF expression in the hippocampus. These results suggest that long-term EE exerts neuroprotective effects against cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion through the enhancement of BDNF, pCREB, and VEGF expression and indicate that EE may be a good nursing intervention in vascular dementia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Min Park
- 1 Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Youn-Jung Kim
- 4 East West Nursing Institute, College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
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88
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Coria-Lucero CD, Golini RS, Ponce IT, Deyurka N, Anzulovich AC, Delgado SM, Navigatore-Fonzo LS. Rhythmic Bdnf and TrkB expression patterns in the prefrontal cortex are lost in aged rats. Brain Res 2016; 1653:51-58. [PMID: 27771283 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aging brain undergoes several changes leading to a decline in cognitive functions. Memory and learning-related genes such as Creb, Bdnf and its receptor TrkB, are expressed in different brain regions including prefrontal cortex. Those genes' proteins regulate a wide range of functions such as synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation. In this work, our objectives were: 1) to investigate whether Creb1, Bdnf and TrkB genes display endogenous circadian expression rhythms, in the prefrontal cortex of rats maintained under constant darkness conditions; 2) to study the synchronization of those temporal patterns to the local cellular clock and 3) to evaluate the aging consequences on both cognition-related genes and activating clock transcription factor, BMAL1, rhythms. A bioinformatics analysis revealed clock-responsive (E-box) sites in regulatory regions of Creb1, Bdnf and TrkB genes. Additionally, cAMP response elements (CRE) were found in Bdnf and TrkB promoters. We observed those key cognition-related factors expression oscillates in the rat prefrontal cortex. Creb1 and TrkB mRNAs display a circadian rhythm with their highest levels occurring at the second half of the 24h period. Interestingly, the cosinor analysis revealed a 12-h rhythm of Bdnf transcript levels, with peaks occurring at the second half of the subjective day and night, respectively. As expected, the BMAL1 rhythm's acrophase precedes Creb1 and first Bdnf expression peaks. Noteworthy, Creb1, Bdnf and TrkB expression rhythms are lost in the prefrontal cortex of aged rats, probably, as consequence of the loss of BMAL1 protein circadian rhythm and altered function of the local cellular clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia D Coria-Lucero
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Biological Research-San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), National University of San Luis (UNSL)., Av Ejército de los Andes N° 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Rebeca S Golini
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Biological Research-San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), National University of San Luis (UNSL)., Av Ejército de los Andes N° 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Ivana T Ponce
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Biological Research-San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), National University of San Luis (UNSL)., Av Ejército de los Andes N° 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Nicolas Deyurka
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Biological Research-San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), National University of San Luis (UNSL)., Av Ejército de los Andes N° 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Ana C Anzulovich
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Biological Research-San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), National University of San Luis (UNSL)., Av Ejército de los Andes N° 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Silvia M Delgado
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Biological Research-San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), National University of San Luis (UNSL)., Av Ejército de los Andes N° 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina; Laboratory of Biology Reproduction, Multidisciplinary Institute of Biological Research-San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), National University of San Luis (UNSL)., Av Ejército de los Andes N° 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Lorena S Navigatore-Fonzo
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Biological Research-San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), National University of San Luis (UNSL)., Av Ejército de los Andes N° 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina.
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89
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Riddy DM, Cook AE, Diepenhorst NA, Bosnyak S, Brady R, Mannoury la Cour C, Mocaer E, Summers RJ, Charman WN, Sexton PM, Christopoulos A, Langmead CJ. Isoform-Specific Biased Agonism of Histamine H3 Receptor Agonists. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 91:87-99. [PMID: 27864425 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.106153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human histamine H3 receptor (hH3R) is subject to extensive gene splicing that gives rise to a large number of functional and nonfunctional isoforms. Despite the general acceptance that G protein-coupled receptors can adopt different ligand-induced conformations that give rise to biased signaling, this has not been studied for the H3R; further, it is unknown whether splice variants of the same receptor engender the same or differential biased signaling. Herein, we profiled the pharmacology of histamine receptor agonists at the two most abundant hH3R splice variants (hH3R445 and hH3R365) across seven signaling endpoints. Both isoforms engender biased signaling, notably for 4-[3-(benzyloxy)propyl]-1H-imidazole (proxyfan) [e.g., strong bias toward phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) via the full-length receptor] and its congener 3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propyl-(4-iodophenyl)-methyl ether (iodoproxyfan), which are strongly consistent with the former's designation as a "protean" agonist. The 80 amino acid IL3 deleted isoform hH3R365 is more permissive in its signaling than hH3R445: 2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl imidothiocarbamate (imetit), proxyfan, and iodoproxyfan were all markedly biased away from calcium signaling, and principal component analysis of the full data set revealed divergent profiles for all five agonists. However, most interesting was the identification of differential biased signaling between the two isoforms. Strikingly, hH3R365 was completely unable to stimulate GSK3β phosphorylation, an endpoint robustly activated by the full-length receptor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first quantitative example of differential biased signaling via isoforms of the same G protein-coupled receptor that are simultaneously expressed in vivo and gives rise to the possibility of selective pharmacological targeting of individual receptor splice variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren M Riddy
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
| | - Anna E Cook
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
| | - Natalie A Diepenhorst
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
| | - Sanja Bosnyak
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
| | - Ryan Brady
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
| | - Clotilde Mannoury la Cour
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
| | - Elisabeth Mocaer
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
| | - Roger J Summers
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
| | - William N Charman
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
| | - Christopher J Langmead
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
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90
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Wang J, Zhang S, Ma H, Yang S, Liu Z, Wu X, Wang S, Zhang Y, Liu Y. Chronic Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia Pretreatment Ameliorates Ischemia-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction Through Activation of ERK1/2-CREB-BDNF Pathway in Anesthetized Mice. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:501-512. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2097-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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91
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Tseng YT, Chen CS, Jong YJ, Chang FR, Lo YC. Loganin possesses neuroprotective properties, restores SMN protein and activates protein synthesis positive regulator Akt/mTOR in experimental models of spinal muscular atrophy. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:58-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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92
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Zhuo Y, Guo H, Cheng Y, Wang C, Wang C, Wu J, Zou Z, Gan D, Li Y, Xu J. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase-4 reverses the cognitive dysfunction and oxidative stress induced by Aβ25-35 in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:779-91. [PMID: 26920899 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9814-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitors prevent the breakdown of the second messenger cAMP and have been demonstrated to improve learning in several animal models of cognition. In this study, we explored the antioxidative effects of rolipram in Alzheimer's disease (AD) by using bilateral Aβ25-35 injection into the hippocampus of rats, which were used as an AD model. Rats received 3 intraperitoneal (i.p.) doses of rolipram (0.1, 0.5 and 1.25 mg/kg) daily after the injection of Aβ25-35 for 25 days. Chronic administration of rolipram prevented the memory impairments induced by Aβ25-35, as assessed using the passive avoidance test and the Morris water maze test. Furthermore, rolipram significantly reduced the oxidative stress induced by Aβ25-35, as evidenced by the decrease in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and restored the reduced GSH levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Moreover, western blotting and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed that rolipram remarkably upregulated thioredoxin (Trx) and inhibited the inducible nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide (iNOS/NO) pathway in the hippocampus. These results demonstrated that rolipram improved the learning and memory abilities in an Aβ25-35-induced AD rat model. The mechanism underlying these effects may be due to the noticeable antioxidative effects of rolipram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeye Zhuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
- The first affiliated hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Haibiao Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yufang Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Canmao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Jingang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zhengqiang Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Danna Gan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jiangping Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
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93
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Wang D, Li S, Chen J, Liu L, Zhu X. The Effects of Astilbin on Cognitive Impairments in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:695-706. [PMID: 27435287 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bioflavonoids are being utilised as neuroprotectants in the treatment of various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Astilbin, a bioflavanoid, has been reported to have potent neuroprotective effects, but its preventive effects on amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced, Alzheimer's disease-related, cognitive impairment, and the underlying mechanisms of these effects have not been well characterised. Five-month-old APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice were randomly assigned to a vehicle group and two astilbin (either 20 or 40 mg/kg per day, intraperitoneally) groups. After 8 weeks of treatment, we observed beneficial effects of astilbin (40 mg/kg per day), including lessening learning and memory deficits and reducing plaque burden and Aβ levels. Furthermore, the expressions of both the cAMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were significantly increased and the disturbance of AKT/GSK-3β signalling pathway was markedly ameliorated in the hippocampus of astilbin-treated (40 mg/kg per day) group. Our data suggest that astilbin might be a potential therapeutic agent against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Building 6, Anhui, Jianxi District, Luoyang, 471003, China.
| | - Sanqiang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jingba Road 2, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Building 6, Anhui, Jianxi District, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Building 6, Anhui, Jianxi District, Luoyang, 471003, China
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Li J, Liu CN, Wei N, Li XD, Liu YY, Yang R, Jia YJ. Protective effects of BAY 73-6691, a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 9, on amyloid-β peptides-induced oxidative stress in in-vivo and in-vitro models of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2016; 1642:327-335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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95
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Wang DD, Li J, Yu LP, Wu MN, Sun LN, Qi JS. Desipramine improves depression-like behavior and working memory by up-regulating p-CREB in Alzheimer’s disease associated mice. J Integr Neurosci 2016; 15:247-60. [DOI: 10.1142/s021963521650014x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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96
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Hollands C, Bartolotti N, Lazarov O. Alzheimer's Disease and Hippocampal Adult Neurogenesis; Exploring Shared Mechanisms. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:178. [PMID: 27199641 PMCID: PMC4853383 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
New neurons incorporate into the granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus throughout life. Neurogenesis is modulated by behavior and plays a major role in hippocampal plasticity. Along with older mature neurons, new neurons structure the dentate gyrus, and determine its function. Recent data suggest that the level of hippocampal neurogenesis is substantial in the human brain, suggesting that neurogenesis may have important implications for human cognition. In support of that, impaired neurogenesis compromises hippocampal function and plays a role in cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease mouse models. We review current work suggesting that neuronal differentiation is defective in Alzheimer's disease, leading to dysfunction of the dentate gyrus. Additionally, alterations in critical signals regulating neurogenesis, such as presenilin-1, Notch 1, soluble amyloid precursor protein, CREB, and β-catenin underlie dysfunctional neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease. Lastly, we discuss the detectability of neurogenesis in the live mouse and human brain, as well as the therapeutic implications of enhancing neurogenesis for the treatment of cognitive deficits and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Hollands
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nancy Bartolotti
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Orly Lazarov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
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Heckman PRA, van Duinen MA, Bollen EPP, Nishi A, Wennogle LP, Blokland A, Prickaerts J. Phosphodiesterase Inhibition and Regulation of Dopaminergic Frontal and Striatal Functioning: Clinical Implications. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 19:pyw030. [PMID: 27037577 PMCID: PMC5091819 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fronto-striatal circuits are the common neurobiological basis for neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and Tourette's syndrome. Fronto-striatal circuits consist of motor circuits, associative circuits, and limbic circuits. All circuits share 2 common features. First, all fronto-striatal circuits consist of hyper direct, direct, and indirect pathways. Second, all fronto-striatal circuits are modulated by dopamine. Intracellularly, the effect of dopamine is largely mediated through the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A signaling cascade with an additional role for the cyclic guanosine monophosphate/protein kinase G pathway, both of which can be regulated by phosphodiesterases. Phosphodiesterases are thus a potential target for pharmacological intervention in neuropsychiatric disorders related to dopaminergic regulation of fronto-striatal circuits. METHODS Clinical studies of the effects of different phosphodiesterase inhibitors on cognition, affect, and motor function in relation to the fronto-striatal circuits are reviewed. RESULTS Several selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors have positive effects on cognition, affect, and motor function in relation to the fronto-striatal circuits. CONCLUSION Increased understanding of the subcellular localization and unraveling of the signalosome concept of phosphodiesterases including its function and dysfunction in the fronto-striatal circuits will contribute to the design of new specific inhibitors and enhance the potential of phosphodiesterase inhibitors as therapeutics in fronto-striatal circuits.
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98
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Zhen JL, Chang YN, Qu ZZ, Fu T, Liu JQ, Wang WP. Luteolin rescues pentylenetetrazole-induced cognitive impairment in epileptic rats by reducing oxidative stress and activating PKA/CREB/BDNF signaling. Epilepsy Behav 2016; 57:177-184. [PMID: 26967006 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Most antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) interfere with cognitive function, and there is therefore an urgent need for AEDs that are effective but do not have this side effect. Various studies have reported the antiinflammatory and cytoprotective properties of the natural flavonoid luteolin (LU); however, none has examined systematically its antiseizure potential. The current study investigated the effects of LU on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced cognitive impairment in rats and the underlying mechanisms. Seizures were induced in rats by daily injection of PTZ for 36 days. Two other groups were pretreated with LU (50 or 100 mg/kg/day by oral administration) 30 min prior to PTZ administration. Seizure severity was scored, and cognitive function was tested in the Morris water maze. Neuronal damage, mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, phosphoactivation of the protein kinase A (PKA)-cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) pathway, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression were measured in the hippocampus. Pretreatment with LU suppressed seizure induction, duration, and severity following PTZ injection, reversed cognitive impairment, reduced neuronal and oxidative stress damage, and increased phosphoactivation of PKA and CREB as well as BDNF expression. These results indicate that LU should be further investigated as a treatment for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Li Zhen
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Ying-Na Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The 54th Institute of CETC Worker's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050081, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Qu
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Tao Fu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The 54th Institute of CETC Worker's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050081, China
| | - Jian-Qun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Qianan People's Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 064400, China
| | - Wei-Ping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China.
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Pak ME, Kim YR, Kim HN, Ahn SM, Shin HK, Baek JU, Choi BT. Studies on medicinal herbs for cognitive enhancement based on the text mining of Dongeuibogam and preliminary evaluation of its effects. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 179:383-390. [PMID: 26773844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In literature on Korean medicine, Dongeuibogam (Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine), published in 1613, represents the overall results of the traditional medicines of North-East Asia based on prior medicinal literature of this region. We utilized this medicinal literature by text mining to establish a list of candidate herbs for cognitive enhancement in the elderly and then performed an evaluation of their effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Text mining was performed for selection of candidate herbs. Cell viability was determined in HT22 hippocampal cells and immunohistochemistry and behavioral analysis was performed in a kainic acid (KA) mice model in order to observe alterations of hippocampal cells and cognition. RESULTS Twenty four herbs for cognitive enhancement in the elderly were selected by text mining of Dongeuibogam. In HT22 cells, pretreatment with 3 candidate herbs resulted in significantly reduced glutamate-induced cell death. Panax ginseng was the most neuroprotective herb against glutamate-induced cell death. In the hippocampus of a KA mice model, pretreatment with 11 candidate herbs resulted in suppression of caspase-3 expression. Treatment with 7 candidate herbs resulted in significantly enhanced expression levels of phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein. Number of proliferated cells indicated by BrdU labeling was increased by treatment with 10 candidate herbs. Schisandra chinensis was the most effective herb against cell death and proliferation of progenitor cells and Rehmannia glutinosa in neuroprotection in the hippocampus of a KA mice model. In a KA mice model, we confirmed improved spatial and short memory by treatment with the 3 most effective candidate herbs and these recovered functions were involved in a higher number of newly formed neurons from progenitor cells in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS These established herbs and their combinations identified by text-mining technique and evaluation for effectiveness may have value in further experimental and clinical applications for cognitive enhancement in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malk Eun Pak
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Ri Kim
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Neui Kim
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea; Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Ahn
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea; Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea; Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ung Baek
- Division of Humanities and Social Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung Tae Choi
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea; Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea; Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea.
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100
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EPPS rescues hippocampus-dependent cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice by disaggregation of amyloid-β oligomers and plaques. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8997. [PMID: 26646366 PMCID: PMC4686862 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the transition of amyloid-β (Aβ) monomers into toxic oligomers and plaques. Given that Aβ abnormality typically precedes the development of clinical symptoms, an agent capable of disaggregating existing Aβ aggregates may be advantageous. Here we report that a small molecule, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinepropanesulphonic acid (EPPS), binds to Aβ aggregates and converts them into monomers. The oral administration of EPPS substantially reduces hippocampus-dependent behavioural deficits, brain Aβ oligomer and plaque deposits, glial γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release and brain inflammation in an Aβ-overexpressing, APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model when initiated after the development of severe AD-like phenotypes. The ability of EPPS to rescue Aβ aggregation and behavioural deficits provides strong support for the view that the accumulation of Aβ is an important mechanism underlying AD. Amyloid-beta deposits are a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, and have previously been targeted in immunisation therapies. Here, the authors show that oral administration of the small molecule EPPS reduces Aß plaque and oligomer load in APP/PS1 mice and improves learning and memory performance.
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