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Wang B, Zhang X, Wang W, Zhu Z, Tang F, Wang D, Liu X, Zhuang H, Yan X. Forkhead box K2 inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human glioma cells and predicts a favorable prognosis. Onco Targets Ther 2018. [PMID: 29520156 PMCID: PMC5833792 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s157126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Forkhead box K2 (FOXK2) is a member of the forkhead box family of transcription factors. Recently, researchers discovered that overexpression of FOXK2 inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and colorectal cancer, and is related to the clinical prognosis. However, in hepatocellular carcinoma, FOXK2 results in the opposite phenotypes. Currently, the contribution of FOXK2 to glioma pathogenesis is not clear. Patients and methods We evaluated the expression of FOXK2 in 151 glioma patients using immunohistochemistry assays. The associations among the expression of FOXK2, clinicopathological parameters, and the prognosis of glioma patients were statistically analyzed. We downregulated and upregulated the level of FOXK2 in glioma cells by transfections with small interfering RNA and plasmids. Then, we investigated the effects on tumor cell behavior in vitro by Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, colony-formation assay, transwell assay, and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarker levels. Results The clinical data showed that expression of FOXK2 gradually decreased with increasing World Health Organization (WHO) grades and a low level of FOXK2 indicates a poor prognosis. FOXK2 expression is negatively correlated with Ki67 expression and the WHO degree but is not correlated with other clinicopathological parameters, including sex, age, Karnofsky Performance Status, tumor diameter, O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, and glutathione S-transferase pi. FOXK2 knockdown enhances glioma cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT process, and, in contrast, FOXK2 overexpression inhibits glioma cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and the EMT process. Conclusion Expression of FOXK2 gradually decreases with increasing WHO grades. FOXK2 inhibits tumor proliferation, migration, and invasion. FOXK2 is a critical mediator of the EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - XueBin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - ZhiZhong Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fan Tang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University, General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin NanKai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Zhuang
- Department of Hepatic Biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - XiaoLing Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
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