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Sarett SM, Kilchrist KV, Miteva M, Duvall CL. Conjugation of palmitic acid improves potency and longevity of siRNA delivered via endosomolytic polymer nanoparticles. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:3107-16. [PMID: 25641816 PMCID: PMC4520743 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Clinical translation of siRNA therapeutics has been limited by the inability to effectively overcome the rigorous delivery barriers associated with intracellular-acting biologics. Here, to address both potency and longevity of siRNA gene silencing, pH-responsive micellar nanoparticle (NP) carriers loaded with siRNA conjugated to palmitic acid (siRNA-PA) were investigated as a combined approach to improve siRNA endosomal escape and stability. Conjugation to hydrophobic PA improved NP loading efficiency relative to unmodified siRNA, enabling complete packaging of siRNA-PA at a lower polymer:siRNA ratio. PA conjugation also increased intracellular uptake of the nucleic acid cargo by 35-fold and produced a 3.1-fold increase in intracellular half-life. The higher uptake and improved retention of siRNA-PA NPs correlated to a 2- and 11-fold decrease in gene silencing IC50 in comparison to siRNA NPs in fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells, respectively, for both the model gene luciferase and the therapeutically relevant gene prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2) . PA conjugation also significantly increased longevity of silencing activity following a single treatment in fibroblasts. Thus, conjugation of PA to siRNA paired with endosomolytic NPs is a promising approach to enhance the functional efficacy of siRNA in tissue regenerative and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martina Miteva
- Vanderbilt University Department of Biomedical Engineering
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52
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Hung BP, Hutton DL, Kozielski KL, Bishop CJ, Naved B, Green JJ, Caplan AI, Gimble JM, Dorafshar AH, Grayson WL. Platelet-Derived Growth Factor BB Enhances Osteogenesis of Adipose-Derived But Not Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2773-84. [PMID: 26013357 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) holds great promise for regenerating critically sized bone defects. While the bone marrow-derived MSC is the most widely studied stromal/stem cell type for this application, its rarity within bone marrow and painful isolation procedure have motivated investigation of alternative cell sources. Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) are more abundant and more easily procured; furthermore, they also possess robust osteogenic potency. While these two cell types are widely considered very similar, there is a growing appreciation of possible innate differences in their biology and response to growth factors. In particular, reports indicate that their osteogenic response to platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) is markedly different: MSCs responded negatively or not at all to PDGF-BB while ASCs exhibited enhanced mineralization in response to physiological concentrations of PDGF-BB. In this study, we directly tested whether a fundamental difference existed between the osteogenic responses of MSCs and ASCs to PDGF-BB. MSCs and ASCs cultured under identical osteogenic conditions responded disparately to 20 ng/ml of PDGF-BB: MSCs exhibited no difference in mineralization while ASCs produced more calcium per cell. siRNA-mediated knockdown of PDGFRβ within ASCs abolished their ability to respond to PDGF-BB. Gene expression was also different; MSCs generally downregulated and ASCs generally upregulated osteogenic genes in response to PDGF-BB. ASCs transduced to produce PDGF-BB resulted in more regenerated bone within a critically sized murine calvarial defect compared to control ASCs, indicating PDGF-BB used specifically in conjunction with ASCs might enhance tissue engineering approaches for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben P Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daphne L Hutton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristen L Kozielski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Corey J Bishop
- Department of Biomedical Engineering.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bilal Naved
- Fischell Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Jordan J Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Arnold I Caplan
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Amir H Dorafshar
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Warren L Grayson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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53
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Hong CA, Eltoukhy AA, Lee H, Langer R, Anderson DG, Nam YS. Dendrimeric siRNA for Efficient Gene Silencing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6740-4. [PMID: 25892329 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201412493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Programmable molecular self-assembly of siRNA molecules provides precisely controlled generation of dendrimeric siRNA nanostructures. The second-generation dendrimers of siRNA can be effectively complexed with a low-molecular-weight, cationic polymer (poly(β-amino ester), PBAE) to generate stable nanostructures about 160 nm in diameter via strong electrostatic interactions. Condensation and gene silencing efficiencies increase with the increased generation of siRNA dendrimers due to a high charge density and structural flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Am Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KI for NanoCentury (KINC CNiT), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701 (Republic of Korea)
| | - Ahmed A Eltoukhy
- Department of Biological Engineering, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Hyukjin Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul (Republic of Korea)
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Biological Engineering, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- Department of Biological Engineering, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA).
| | - Yoon Sung Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KI for NanoCentury (KINC CNiT), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701 (Republic of Korea).
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54
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Hong CA, Eltoukhy AA, Lee H, Langer R, Anderson DG, Nam YS. Dendrimeric siRNA for Efficient Gene Silencing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201412493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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55
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Segovia N, Pont M, Oliva N, Ramos V, Borrós S, Artzi N. Hydrogel doped with nanoparticles for local sustained release of siRNA in breast cancer. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:271-80. [PMID: 25113263 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Of all the much hyped and pricy cancer drugs, the benefits from the promising siRNA small molecule drugs are limited. Lack of efficient delivery vehicles that would release the drug locally, protect it from degradation, and ensure high transfection efficiency, precludes it from fulfilling its full potential. This work presents a novel platform for local and sustained delivery of siRNA with high transfection efficiencies both in vitro and in vivo in a breast cancer mice model. siRNA protection and high transfection efficiency are enabled by their encapsulation in oligopeptide-terminated poly(β-aminoester) (pBAE) nanoparticles. Sustained delivery of the siRNA is achieved by the enhanced stability of the nanoparticles when embedded in a hydrogel scaffold based on polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer cross-linked with dextran aldehyde. The combination of oligopeptide-terminated pBAE polymers and biodegradable hydrogels shows improved transfection efficiency in vivo even when compared with the most potent commercially available transfection reagents. These results highlight the advantage of using composite materials for successful delivery of these highly promising small molecules to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaly Segovia
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT); Institut Quimic de Sarrià; Universidad Ramon Llul; Barcelona 08017 Spain
| | - Maria Pont
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT); Institut Quimic de Sarrià; Universidad Ramon Llul; Barcelona 08017 Spain
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Sciences; MIT; Cambridge 02139 MA USA
| | - Nuria Oliva
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Sciences; MIT; Cambridge 02139 MA USA
| | - Victor Ramos
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT); Institut Quimic de Sarrià; Universidad Ramon Llul; Barcelona 08017 Spain
| | - Salvador Borrós
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT); Institut Quimic de Sarrià; Universidad Ramon Llul; Barcelona 08017 Spain
| | - Natalie Artzi
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Sciences; MIT; Cambridge 02139 MA USA
- Department of Anesthesiology; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston 02115 MA USA
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56
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Isikgor FH, Becer CR. Lignocellulosic biomass: a sustainable platform for the production of bio-based chemicals and polymers. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00263j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1492] [Impact Index Per Article: 165.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing research activities in the field of lignocellulosic biomass for production of value-added chemicals and polymers that can be utilized to replace petroleum-based materials are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C. Remzi Becer
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
- Queen Mary University of London
- E1 4NS London
- UK
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57
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Abstract
With the recent advances in regenerative medicine, nanotechnology has created a niche for itself as a promising avenue in this field. Innumerable studies have been carried out by researchers using virus-based methodologies for the purpose of epigenetic reprogramming. Although this method is ostensibly safe, nonetheless, they are tagged with the risk of viral genome integration into the host genome or insertional mutagenesis. Transient transfection by the use of nanocarriers is the best way to overcome these problems. This review focuses on some of the significant works carried out by researchers utilizing nanocarrier systems that have shown promising results and thus created a landmark in the epigenetic reprogramming.
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58
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Williford JM, Wu J, Ren Y, Archang MM, Leong KW, Mao HQ. Recent advances in nanoparticle-mediated siRNA delivery. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2014; 16:347-70. [PMID: 24905873 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071813-105119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Inhibiting specific gene expression by short interfering RNA (siRNA) offers a new therapeutic strategy to tackle many diseases, including cancer, metabolic disorders, and viral infections, at the molecular level. The macromolecular and polar nature of siRNA hinders its cellular access to exert its effect. Nanoparticulate delivery systems can promote efficient intracellular delivery. Despite showing promise in many preclinical studies and potential in some clinical trials, siRNA has poor delivery efficiency, which continues to demand innovations, from carrier design to formulation, in order to overcome transport barriers. Previous findings for optimal plasmid DNA delivery cannot be generalized to siRNA delivery owing to significant discrepancy in size and subtle differences in chain flexibility between the two types of nucleic acids. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in improving the stability of siRNA nanoparticles, understanding their intracellular trafficking and release mechanisms, and applying judiciously the promising formulations to disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- John-Michael Williford
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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59
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Sustained localized presentation of RNA interfering molecules from in situ forming hydrogels to guide stem cell osteogenic differentiation. Biomaterials 2014; 35:6278-6286. [PMID: 24831973 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To date, RNA interfering molecules have been used to differentiate stem cells on two-dimensional (2D) substrates that do not mimic three-dimensional (3D) microenvironments in the body. Here, in situ forming poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels were engineered for controlled, localized and sustained delivery of RNA interfering molecules to differentiate stem cells encapsulated within the 3D polymer network. RNA interfering molecules were released from the hydrogels in a sustained and controlled manner over the course of 3-6 weeks, and exhibited high bioactivity. Importantly, it was demonstrated that the delivery of siRNA and/or miRNA from the hydrogel constructs enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated stem cells. Prolonged delivery of siRNA and/or miRNA from this polymeric scaffold permitted extended regulation of cell behavior, unlike traditional siRNA experiments performed in vitro. This approach presents a powerful new methodology for controlling cell fate, and is promising for multiple applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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60
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Chen DC, Chen LY, Ling QD, Wu MH, Wang CT, Suresh Kumar S, Chang Y, Munusamy MA, Alarfajj AA, Wang HC, Hsu ST, Higuchi A. Purification of human adipose-derived stem cells from fat tissues using PLGA/silk screen hybrid membranes. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4278-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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61
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Oligopeptide-terminated poly(β-amino ester)s for highly efficient gene delivery and intracellular localization. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:2147-58. [PMID: 24406199 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The main limitation of gene therapy towards clinics is the lack of robust, safe and efficient gene delivery vectors. This paper describes new polycations for gene delivery based on poly(β-amino ester)s (pBAE) containing terminal oligopeptides. The authors developed oligopeptide-modified pBAE-pDNA nanoparticles that achieve better cellular viability and higher transfection efficacy than other end-modified pBAE and commercial transfection agents. Gene expression in highly permissive cell lines was remarkably high, but transfection efficiency in less-permissive cell lines was highly dependent on oligopeptide composition and nanoparticle formulation. Moreover, the use of selected oligopeptides in the pBAE formulation led to preferential intracellular localization of the particles. Particle analysis of highly efficient pBAE formulations revealed different particle sizes and charge features, which indicates chemical pseudotyping of the particle surface, related to the oligopeptide chemical nature. In conclusion, chemical modification at the termini of pBAE with amine-rich oligopeptides is a powerful strategy for developing delivery systems for future gene therapy applications.
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62
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Kozielski KL, Tzeng SY, Hurtado De Mendoza BA, Green JJ. Bioreducible cationic polymer-based nanoparticles for efficient and environmentally triggered cytoplasmic siRNA delivery to primary human brain cancer cells. ACS NANO 2014; 8:3232-41. [PMID: 24673565 PMCID: PMC4004313 DOI: 10.1021/nn500704t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
siRNA nanomedicines can potentially treat many human diseases, but safe and effective delivery remains a challenge. DNA delivery polymers such as poly(β-amino ester)s (PBAEs) generally cannot effectively deliver siRNA and require chemical modification to enable siRNA encapsulation and delivery. An optimal siRNA delivery nanomaterial needs to be able to bind and self-assemble with siRNA molecules that are shorter and stiffer than plasmid DNA in order to form stable nanoparticles, and needs to promote efficient siRNA release upon entry to the cytoplasm. To address these concerns, we designed, synthesized, and characterized an array of bioreducible PBAEs that self-assemble with siRNA in aqueous conditions to form nanoparticles of approximately 100 nm and that exhibit environmentally triggered siRNA release upon entering the reducing environment of the cytosol. By tuning polymer properties, including bioreducibility and hydrophobicity, we were able to fabricate polymeric nanoparticles capable of efficient gene knockdown (91 ± 1%) in primary human glioblastoma cells without significant cytotoxicity (6 ± 12%). We were also able to achieve significantly higher knockdown using these polymers with a low dose of 5 nM siRNA (76 ± 14%) compared to commercially available reagent Lipofectamine 2000 with a 4-fold higher dose of 20 nM siRNA (40 ± 7%). These bioreducible PBAEs also enabled 63 ± 16% gene knockdown using an extremely low 1 nM siRNA dose and showed preferential transfection of glioblastoma cells versus noncancer neural progenitor cells, highlighting their potential as efficient and tumor-specific carriers for siRNA-based nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L. Kozielski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Institute for Nanobiotechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway/Smith Building Room 5017, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Stephany Y. Tzeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Institute for Nanobiotechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway/Smith Building Room 5017, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Bolivia A. Hurtado De Mendoza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Institute for Nanobiotechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway/Smith Building Room 5017, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Jordan J. Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Institute for Nanobiotechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway/Smith Building Room 5017, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway/Smith Building Room 5017, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- Address correspondence to
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63
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Dong CL, Webb WR, Peng Q, Tang JZ, Forsyth NR, Chen GQ, El Haj AJ. Sustained PDGF-BB release from PHBHHx loaded nanoparticles in 3D hydrogel/stem cell model. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:282-8. [PMID: 24610890 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Ling Dong
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University; Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB United Kingdom
| | - William R. Webb
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University; Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB United Kingdom
| | - Qiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - James Z. Tang
- Department of Pharmacy; School of Applied Sciences, University of Wolverhampton; Wolverhampton WV1 1SB United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas R. Forsyth
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University; Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB United Kingdom
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- MOE Key Lab of Bio-Informatics; Tsinghua-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Alicia J. El Haj
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University; Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB United Kingdom
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64
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Kozielski KL, Tzeng SY, Green JJ. siRNA nanomedicine: the promise of bioreducible materials. Expert Rev Med Devices 2014; 10:7-10. [DOI: 10.1586/erd.12.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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65
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Gu J, Chen X, Xin H, Fang X, Sha X. Serum-resistant complex nanoparticles functionalized with imidazole-rich polypeptide for gene delivery to pulmonary metastatic melanoma. Int J Pharm 2013; 461:559-69. [PMID: 24370843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
To enhance serum-resistance and overcome the lysosomal barrier are effective and feasible strategies to increase the transfection efficiency of non-viral gene delivery system. For the systemic delivery of therapeutic gene, we previously developed self-assemble carboxymethyl poly(l-histidine) (CM-PLH)/poly(β-amino ester) (PbAE)/pDNA ternary complex nanoparticles based on electrostatic coating as an effective pDNA carrier. Recharging cationic PbAE/pDNA polyplexes with CM-PLH was a promising method to reduce the cytotoxicity and enhance the stability in vivo of positive charged polyplexes. In the present study, the transfection activities of ternary complex nanoparticles were further evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The transfection efficiency of ternary complex nanoparticles showed significant serum-resistance (CM-PLH-containing (51.9±4.35)% in 50% FBS>CM-PLH-free (14.7±5.66)% in 50% FBS), cell line dependent (HEK293>MCF-7>COS7>B16F10>A549>Hela>SPC-A1>CHO>SKOV3) and incubation period dependent (24 h, 20 h, 16 h>12 h>8 h>4 h>2 h>1 h>0.5 h). After transfected with ternary complex nanoparticles loading pGV240-MDA-7/IL-24, the B16F10 cells exhibited significant apoptosis and proliferation inhibition due to the expression of IL-24. Moreover, in the pulmonary metastatic melanoma model, ternary complex nanoparticles loading pGV240-MDA-7/IL-24 showed significant antitumor therapeutic efficacy in vivo. These results suggested that CM-PLH/PbAE/pDNA ternary complex nanoparticles were promising and challenging gene vector for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Laboratory for Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Hongliang Xin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiaoling Fang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Xianyi Sha
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
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66
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Kim J, Sunshine JC, Green JJ. Differential polymer structure tunes mechanism of cellular uptake and transfection routes of poly(β-amino ester) polyplexes in human breast cancer cells. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 25:43-51. [PMID: 24320687 DOI: 10.1021/bc4002322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Successful gene delivery with nonviral particles has several barriers, including cellular uptake, endosomal escape, and nuclear transport. Understanding the mechanisms behind these steps is critical to enhancing the effectiveness of gene delivery. Polyplexes formed with poly(β-amino ester)s (PBAEs) have been shown to effectively transfer DNA to various cell types, but the mechanism of their cellular uptake has not been identified. This is the first study to evaluate the uptake mechanism of PBAE polyplexes and the dependence of cellular uptake on the end group and molecular weight of the polymer. We synthesized three different analogues of PBAEs with the same base polymer poly(1,4-butanediol diacrylate-co-4-amino-1-butanol) (B4S4) but with small changes in the end group or molecular weight. We quantified the uptake and transfection efficiencies of the pDNA polyplexes formulated from these polymers in hard-to-transfect triple negative human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB 231). All polymers formed positively charged (10-17 mV) nanoparticles of ∼200 nm in size. Cellular internalization of all three formulations was inhibited the most (60-90% decrease in cellular uptake) by blocking caveolae-mediated endocytosis. Greater inhibition was shown with polymers that had a 1-(3-aminopropyl)-4-methylpiperazine end group (E7) than the others with a 2-(3-aminopropylamino)-ethanol end group (E6) or higher molecular weight. However, caveolae-mediated endocytosis was generally not as efficient as clathrin-mediated endocytosis in leading to transfection. These findings indicate that PBAE polyplexes can be used to transfect triple negative human breast cancer cells and that small changes to the same base polymer can modulate their cellular uptake and transfection routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center and §Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
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67
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Bhise NS, Wahlin KJ, Zack DJ, Green JJ. Evaluating the potential of poly(beta-amino ester) nanoparticles for reprogramming human fibroblasts to become induced pluripotent stem cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:4641-58. [PMID: 24348039 PMCID: PMC3857166 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s53830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gene delivery can potentially be used as a therapeutic for treating genetic diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, as well as an enabling technology for regenerative medicine. A central challenge in many gene delivery applications is having a safe and effective delivery method. We evaluated the use of a biodegradable poly(beta-amino ester) nanoparticle-based nonviral protocol and compared this with an electroporation-based approach to deliver episomal plasmids encoding reprogramming factors for generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from human fibroblasts. Methods A polymer library was screened to identify the polymers most promising for gene delivery to human fibroblasts. Feeder-independent culturing protocols were developed for nanoparticle-based and electroporation-based reprogramming. The cells reprogrammed by both polymeric nanoparticle-based and electroporation-based nonviral methods were characterized by analysis of pluripotency markers and karyotypic stability. The hiPSC-like cells were further differentiated toward the neural lineage to test their potential for neurodegenerative retinal disease modeling. Results 1-(3-aminopropyl)-4-methylpiperazine end-terminated poly(1,4-butanediol diacry-late-co-4-amino-1-butanol) polymer (B4S4E7) self-assembled with plasmid DNA to form nanoparticles that were more effective than leading commercially available reagents, including Lipofectamine® 2000, FuGENE® HD, and 25 kDa branched polyethylenimine, for nonviral gene transfer. B4S4E7 nanoparticles showed effective gene delivery to IMR-90 human primary fibroblasts and to dermal fibroblasts derived from a patient with retinitis pigmentosa, and enabled coexpression of exogenously delivered genes, as is needed for reprogramming. The karyotypically normal hiPSC-like cells generated by conventional electroporation, but not by poly(beta-amino ester) reprogramming, could be differentiated toward the neuronal lineage, specifically pseudostratified optic cups. Conclusion This study shows that certain nonviral reprogramming methods may not necessarily be safer than viral approaches and that maximizing exogenous gene expression of reprogramming factors is not sufficient to ensure successful reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupura S Bhise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, and Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karl J Wahlin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Donald J Zack
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA ; Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, and Institute of Genetic Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA ; Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Jordan J Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, and Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Baltimore, MD, USA ; Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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68
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Kozielski KL, Tzeng SY, Green JJ. A bioreducible linear poly(β-amino ester) for siRNA delivery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:5319-21. [PMID: 23646347 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc40718g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Described here is the synthesis and characterization of a novel, bioreducible linear poly(β-amino ester) designed to condense siRNA into nanoparticles and efficiently release it upon entering the cytoplasm. Delivery of siRNA using this polymer achieved near-complete knockdown of a fluorescent marker gene in primary human glioblastoma cells with no cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Kozielski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Institute for Nanobiotechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway/Smith Building Room 5017, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
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69
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Park HJ, Shin J, Kim J, Cho SW. Nonviral delivery for reprogramming to pluripotency and differentiation. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 37:107-19. [PMID: 24222505 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0287-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nonviral delivery is a promising strategy for cellular reprogramming to produce desired cell types from undifferentiated stem cells or terminally differentiated somatic cells. Nonviral delivery of genes (DNA, RNA), proteins, or peptides has the potential to reprogram somatic cells to pluripotent stem cells or other lineage cells, and to promote the differentiation of stem cells to specific lineages. Various delivery carriers (cationic polymers, lipids, scaffolds, transposons, cell-penetrating peptides), cargos (episomal plasmids, minicircle DNA, small interfering RNAs, microRNAs, proteins, peptides), and method (electroporation) have been reported. In this article, we review recent advances in nonviral delivery approaches for reprogramming cells to pluripotency or lineage specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ji Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea
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70
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Functionalization of biomaterials with small osteoinductive moieties. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:8773-89. [PMID: 23933486 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently recognized as a powerful cell source for regenerative medicine, notably for their capacity to differentiate into multiple cell types. The combination of MSCs with biomaterials functionalized with instructive cues can be used as a strategy to direct specific lineage commitment, and can thus improve the therapeutic efficacy of these cells. In terms of biomaterial design, one common approach is the functionalization of materials with ligands capable of directly binding to cell receptors and trigger specific differentiation signaling pathways. Other strategies focus on the use of moieties that have an indirect effect, acting, for example, as sequesters of bioactive ligands present in the extracellular milieu that, in turn, will interact with cells. Compared with complex biomolecules, the use of simple compounds, such as chemical moieties and peptides, and other small molecules can be advantageous by leading to less expensive and easily tunable biomaterial formulations. This review describes different strategies that have been used to promote substrate-mediated guidance of osteogenic differentiation of immature osteoblasts, osteoprogenitors and MSCs, through chemically conjugated small moieties, both in two- and three-dimensional set-ups. In each case, the selected moiety, the coupling strategy and the main findings of the study were highlighted. The latest advances and future perspectives in the field are also discussed.
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71
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Abstract
Osteoporosis is a skeletal system pathology characterized by low bone mineral density and tissue structural deterioration. This malady is associated with high fracture risk that severely compromises quality of life. Osteoporosis incidence is becoming more significant with increasing lifespan worldwide. However, current approaches for treating osteoporosis cannot and do not treat the disease in the most ideal manner for diverse reasons. Substantial research has sought both the discovery of new targets and new therapies. In this review, emerging possible RNAi-mediated therapeutic opportunities for osteoporosis are identified and associated challenges discussed. Targeted delivery strategies capable of more reliable and efficient delivery to skeletal tissue are described, as well as possibilities to treat bone-forming cells with siRNA to produce cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - David W Grainger
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
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72
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Shmueli RB, Ohnaka M, Miki A, Pandey NB, Lima e Silva R, Koskimaki JE, Kim J, Popel AS, Campochiaro PA, Green JJ. Long-term suppression of ocular neovascularization by intraocular injection of biodegradable polymeric particles containing a serpin-derived peptide. Biomaterials 2013; 34:7544-51. [PMID: 23849876 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant angiogenesis can cause or contribute to a number of diseases such as neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NVAMD). While current NVAMD treatments target angiogenesis, these treatments are not effective for all patients and also require frequent intravitreal injections. New agents and delivery systems to treat NVAMD could be beneficial to many patients. We have recently developed a serpin-derived peptide as an anti-angiogenic agent. Here, this peptide is investigated for activity in human retinal endothelial cells in vitro and for reducing angiogenesis in a laser-induced choroidal neovascularization mouse model of NVAMD in vivo. While frequent intravitreal injections can be tolerated clinically, reducing the number of injections can improve patient compliance, safety, and outcomes. To achieve this goal, and to maximize the in vivo activity of injected peptide, we have developed biodegradable polymers and controlled release particle formulations to extend anti-angiogenic therapy. To create these devices, the anionic peptides are first self-assembled into nanoparticles using a biodegradable cationic polymer and then as a second step, these nanoparticles are encapsulated into biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles. In situ, these particles show approximately zero-order, linear release of the anionic peptide over 200 days. These particles are made of safe, hydrolytically degradable polymers and have low endotoxin. Long-term in vivo experiments in the laser-induced neovascularization model for NVAMD show that these peptide-releasing particles decrease angiogenesis for at least fourteen weeks in vivo following a single particle dose and therefore are a promising treatment strategy for NVAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron B Shmueli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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73
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Li C, Tzeng SY, Tellier LE, Green JJ. (3-aminopropyl)-4-methylpiperazine end-capped poly(1,4-butanediol diacrylate-co-4-amino-1-butanol)-based multilayer films for gene delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:5947-5953. [PMID: 23755861 PMCID: PMC3838882 DOI: 10.1021/am402115v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable polyelectrolyte surfaces for gene delivery were created through electrospinning of biodegradable polycations combined with iterative solution-based multilayer coating. Poly(β-amino ester) (PBAE) poly(1,4-butanediol diacrylate-co-4-amino-1-butanol) end-capped with 1-(3-aminopropyl)-4-methylpiperazine was utilized because of its ability to electrostatically interact with anionic molecules like DNA, its biodegradability, and its low cytotoxicity. A new DNA release system was developed for sustained release of DNA over 24 h, accompanied by high exogenous gene expression in primary human glioblastoma (GB) cells. Electrospinning a different PBAE, poly(1,4-butanediol diacrylate-co-4,4'-trimethylenedipiperidine), and its combination with polyelectrolyte 1-(3-aminopropyl)-4-methylpiperazine end-capped poly(1,4-butanediol diacrylate-co-4-amino-1-butanol)-based multilayers are promising for DNA release and intracellular delivery from a surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Wilmer Eye Institute, the Institute for Nanobiotechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of System Life Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Stephany Y Tzeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Wilmer Eye Institute, the Institute for Nanobiotechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Liane E. Tellier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Wilmer Eye Institute, the Institute for Nanobiotechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Jordan J Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Wilmer Eye Institute, the Institute for Nanobiotechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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74
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Kozielski KL, Tzeng SY, Green JJ. Bioengineered nanoparticles for siRNA delivery. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 5:449-68. [PMID: 23821336 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Short interfering RNA (siRNA) has been an important laboratory tool in the last two decades and has allowed researchers to better understand the functions of nonprotein-coding genes through RNA interference (RNAi). Although RNAi holds great promise for this purpose as well as for treatment of many diseases, efforts at using siRNA have been hampered by the difficulty of safely and effectively introducing it into cells of interest, both in vitro and in vivo. To overcome this challenge, many biomaterials and nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed and optimized for siRNA delivery, often taking cues from the DNA delivery field, although different barriers exist for these two types of molecules. In this review, we discuss general properties of biomaterials and nanoparticles that are necessary for effective nucleic acid delivery. We also discuss specific examples of bioengineered materials, including lipid-based NPs, polymeric NPs, inorganic NPs, and RNA-based NPs, which clearly illustrate the problems and successes in siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Kozielski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Tzeng SY, Higgins LJ, Pomper MG, Green JJ. Student award winner in the Ph.D. category for the 2013 society for biomaterials annual meeting and exposition, april 10-13, 2013, Boston, Massachusetts : biomaterial-mediated cancer-specific DNA delivery to liver cell cultures using synthetic poly(beta-amino ester)s. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:1837-45. [PMID: 23559534 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is a leading cause of cancer death. Most patients are treated by arterial injection of chemoembolizing agents, providing a convenient avenue for local treatment by novel therapies, including gene therapy. Poly(beta-amino ester)s (PBAEs) were synthesized and used to form nanoparticles for non-viral transfection of buffalo rat hepatoma (MCA-RH7777) and hepatocyte (BRL-3A) lines with eGFP and luciferase DNA. Hepatoma cells were transfected with up to (98 ± 0.4)% efficacy with no measurable cytotoxicity. Hepatocytes were transfected with as high as (73 ± 0.4)% efficacy with (10 ± 4)% non-specific cytotoxicity. In contrast, positive controls (branched polyethylenimine, Lipofectamine™ 2000, and X-tremeGENE(®) DNA HP) caused 30-90% toxicity in BRL-3A cells at doses required for >50% transfection. Of the 21 optimized PBAE-DNA formulations tested, 12 showed significant specificity for hepatoma cells over hepatocytes in monoculture (p < 0.05 for both percentage transfected and eGFP expression intensity). Top polymers from eGFP studies also delivered luciferase DNA with 220 ± 30-fold and 470 ± 30-fold greater specificity for hepatoma cells than hepatocytes. Transfections of co-cultures of hepatoma and hepatocytes with eGFP DNA also showed high specificity (1.9 ± 0.1- to 5.8± 1.4-fold more transfected hepatoma cells than hepatocytes, measured by percentage transfected and flow cytometry). By eGFP intensity, up to 530 ±60-fold higher average expression per cell was measured in hepatoma cells. One top formulation caused (95 ± 0.2)% transfection in hepatoma cells and (27 ± 0.2)% in hepatocytes [(96 ± 9)% relative hepatocyte viability]. PBAE-based nanoparticles are a viable strategy for liver cancer treatment, delivering genes to nearly 100% of cancer cells while maintaining high biomaterial-mediated specificity to prevent toxic side-effects on healthy hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephany Y Tzeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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76
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Vehicles for Small Interfering RNA transfection: Exosomes versus Synthetic Nanocarriers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.2478/rnan-2013-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTherapies based on RNA interference (RNAi) hold a great potential for targeted interference of the expression of specific genes. Small-interfering RNAs (siRNA) and micro-RNAs interrupt protein synthesis by inducing the degradation of messenger RNAs or by blocking their translation. RNAibased therapies can modulate the expression of otherwise undruggable target proteins. Full exploitation of RNAi for medical purposes depends on efficient and safe methods for delivery of small RNAs to the target cells. Tremendous effort has gone into the development of synthetic carriers to meet all requirements for efficient delivery of nucleic acids into particular tissues. Recently, exosomes unveiled their function as a natural communication system which can be utilized for the transport of small RNAs into target cells. In this review, the capabilities of exosomes as delivery vehicles for small RNAs are compared to synthetic carrier systems. The step by step requirements for efficient transfection are considered: production of the vehicle, RNA loading, protection against degradation, lack of immunogenicity, targeting possibilities, cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, RNA release into the cytoplasm and gene silencing efficiency. An exosomebased siRNA delivery system shows many advantages over conventional transfection agents, however, some crucial issues need further optimization before broad clinical application can be realized.
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77
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Kamat CD, Shmueli RB, Connis N, Rudin CM, Green JJ, Hann CL. Poly(β-amino ester) nanoparticle delivery of TP53 has activity against small cell lung cancer in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:405-15. [PMID: 23364678 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease with one of the highest case-fatality rates among cancer. The recommended therapy for SCLCs has not changed significantly over the past 30 years; new therapeutic approaches are a critical need. TP53 is mutated in the majority of SCLC cases and its loss is required in transgenic mouse models of the disease. We synthesized an array of biodegradable poly(β-amino ester) (PBAE) polymers that self-assemble with DNA and assayed for transfection efficiency in the p53-mutant H446 SCLC cell line using high-throughput methodologies. Two of the top candidates were selected for further characterization and TP53 delivery in vitro and in vivo. Nanoparticle delivery of TP53 resulted in expression of exogenous p53, induction of p21, induction of apoptosis, and accumulation of cells in sub-G1 consistent with functional p53 activity. Intratumoral injection of subcutaneous H446 xenografts with polymers carrying TP53 caused marked tumor growth inhibition. This is the first demonstration of TP53 gene therapy in SCLC using nonviral polymeric nanoparticles. This technology may have general applicability as a novel anticancer strategy based on restoration of tumor suppressor gene function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekhar D Kamat
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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