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Bone Tissue Engineering Using Human Cells: A Comprehensive Review on Recent Trends, Current Prospects, and Recommendations. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of proper cells for bone tissue engineering remains a major challenge worldwide. Cells play a pivotal role in the repair and regeneration of the bone tissue in vitro and in vivo. Currently, a large number of differentiated (somatic) and undifferentiated (stem) cells have been used for bone reconstruction alone or in combination with different biomaterials and constructs (e.g., scaffolds). Although the results of the cell transplantation without any supporting or adjuvant material have been very effective with regard to bone healing. Recent advances in bone scaffolding are now becoming new players affecting the osteogenic potential of cells. In the present study, we have critically reviewed all the currently used cell sources for bone reconstruction and discussed the new horizons that are opening up in the context of cell-based bone tissue engineering strategies.
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Roth SP, Schubert S, Scheibe P, Groß C, Brehm W, Burk J. Growth Factor-Mediated Tenogenic Induction of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Is Altered by the Microenvironment of Tendon Matrix. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:1434-1450. [PMID: 30251565 PMCID: PMC6180728 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718792203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related degenerative changes in tendon tissue represent a common cause for acute tendon pathologies. Although the regenerative potential of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) was reported to restore functionality in injured tendon tissue, cellular mechanisms of action remain partly unclear. Potential tenogenic differentiation of applied MSC is affected by various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The current study presents an in vitro model to evaluate the combined extrinsic effects of decellularized equine tendon matrix, transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGFβ3) and bone morphogenetic protein 12 (BMP12) on the tenogenic fate of equine adipose tissue-derived MSC. Monolayer MSC cultures supplemented with TGFβ3 and BMP12 as well as MSC cultured on tendon matrix scaffolds preloaded with the growth factors were incubated for 3 and 5 days. Histological evaluation and real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that growth factor-mediated tenogenic induction of MSC was modified by the conditions of the surrounding microenvironment. While the gene expression pattern in monolayer cultures supplemented with TGFβ3 or TGFβ3 and BMP12 revealed an upregulation for collagen 1A2, collagen 3A1, tenascin c, scleraxis and mohawk (p < 0.05), the presence of tendon matrix led to an upregulation of decorin and osteopontin as well as to a downregulation of smad8 (p < 0.05). Preloading of scaffolds with either TGFβ3, or with TGFβ3 and BMP12 promoted a tenocyte-like phenotype and improved cell alignment. Furthermore, gene expression in scaffold culture was modulated by TGFβ3 and/or BMP12, with downregulation of collagen 1A2, collagen 3A1, decorin, scleraxis, smad8 and osteopontin, whereas gene expression of tenascin c was increased. This study shows that growth factor-induced tenogenic differentiation of equine MSC is markedly altered by topographical constraints of decellularized tendon tissue in vitro. While TGFβ3 represents an effective mediator for tenogenic induction, the role of BMP12 in tenogenesis may be of modulatory character and needs further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Pauline Roth
- 1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital Department for Horses, Universität Leipzig, Germany.,2 Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation, Universität Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanna Schubert
- 2 Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation, Universität Leipzig, Germany.,3 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Universität Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick Scheibe
- 2 Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation, Universität Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Groß
- 2 Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation, Universität Leipzig, Germany
| | - Walter Brehm
- 1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital Department for Horses, Universität Leipzig, Germany
| | - Janina Burk
- 1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital Department for Horses, Universität Leipzig, Germany.,3 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Universität Leipzig, Germany
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Detection, Characterization, and Clinical Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Periodontal Ligament Tissue. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:5450768. [PMID: 30224921 PMCID: PMC6129323 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5450768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a kind of somatic stem cells that exert a potential to differentiate into multiple cell types and undergo robust clonal self-renewal; therefore, they are considered as a highly promising stem cell population for tissue engineering. MSCs are identified in various adult organs including dental tissues. Periodontal ligament (PDL) is a highly specialized connective tissue that surrounds the tooth root. PDL also contains MSC population, and many researchers have isolated them and performed their detailed characterization. Here, we review the current understanding of the features and functions of MSC population in PDL tissues and discuss their possibility for the application of PDL regeneration.
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Peng C, Zheng J, Chen D, Zhang X, Deng L, Chen Z, Wu L. Response of hPDLSCs on 3D printed PCL/PLGA composite scaffolds in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1335-1344. [PMID: 29845276 PMCID: PMC6072152 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional printed (3DP) scaffolds have become an excellent resource in alveolar bone regeneration. However, selecting suitable printable materials remains a challenge. In the present study, 3DP scaffolds were fabricated using three different ratios of poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), which were 0.1PCL/0.9PLGA, 0.5PCL/0.5PLGA and 0.9PCL/0.1PLGA. The surface characteristics and degradative properties of the scaffolds, and the response of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) on the scaffolds, were assessed to examine the preferable ratio of PCL and PLGA for alveolar bone regeneration. The results demonstrated that the increased proportion of PLGA markedly accelerated the degradation, smoothed the surface and increased the wettability of the hybrid scaffold. Furthermore, the flow cytometry and Cell Counting Kit-8 assay revealed that the adhesion and proliferation of hPDLSCs were markedlyincreased on the 0.5PCL/0.5PLGA and 0.1PCL/0.9PLGA scaffolds. Additionally, the alkaline phosphatase activity detection and reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that the hPDLSCs on the 0.5PCL/0.5PLGA scaffold exhibited the best osteogenic capacity. Consequently, PCL/PLGA composite scaffolds may represent a candidate focus for future bone regeneration studies, and the 0.5PCL/0.5PLGA scaffold demonstrated the best bio-response from the hPDLSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Peng
- Department of Orthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Jinxuan Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Dongru Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Lidi Deng
- Department of Orthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyuan Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Liping Wu
- Department of Orthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
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Schneider M, Angele P, Järvinen TA, Docheva D. Rescue plan for Achilles: Therapeutics steering the fate and functions of stem cells in tendon wound healing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:352-375. [PMID: 29278683 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increasing age of our society and a rise in engagement of young people in extreme and/or competitive sports, both tendinopathies and tendon ruptures present a clinical and financial challenge. Tendon has limited natural healing capacity and often responds poorly to treatments, hence it requires prolonged rehabilitation in most cases. Till today, none of the therapeutic options has provided successful long-term solutions, meaning that repaired tendons do not recover their complete strength and functionality. Our understanding of tendon biology and healing increases only slowly and the development of new treatment options is insufficient. In this review, following discussion on tendon structure, healing and the clinical relevance of tendon injury, we aim to elucidate the role of stem cells in tendon healing and discuss new possibilities to enhance stem cell treatment of injured tendon. To date, studies mainly apply stem cells, often in combination with scaffolds or growth factors, to surgically created tendon defects. Deeper understanding of how stem cells and vasculature in the healing tendon react to growth factors, common drugs used to treat injured tendons and promising cellular boosters could help to develop new and more efficient ways to manage tendon injuries.
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Healthy and Diseased Human Gingiva Support Osteogenesis on Electrospun Polycaprolactone Scaffolds. Bioengineering (Basel) 2018; 5:bioengineering5010008. [PMID: 29360752 PMCID: PMC5874874 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting almost half of the adult US population. Gingiva is an integral part of the periodontium and has recently been identified as a source of adult gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs). Given the prevalence of periodontitis, the purpose of this study is to evaluate differences between GMSCs derived from healthy and diseased gingival tissues and explore their potential in bone engineering. Primary clonal cell lines were established from harvested healthy and diseased gingival and characterized for expression of known stem-cell markers and multi-lineage differentiation potential. Finally, they were cultured on electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds and evaluated for attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. Flow cytometry demonstrated cells isolated from healthy and diseased gingiva met the criteria defining mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, GMSCs from diseased tissue showed decreased colony-forming unit efficiency, decreased alkaline phosphatase activity, weaker osteoblast mineralization, and greater propensity to differentiate into adipocytes than their healthy counterparts. When cultured on electrospun PCL scaffolds, GMSCs from both sources showed robust attachment and proliferation over a 7-day period; they exhibited high mineralization as well as strong expression of alkaline phosphatase. Our results show preservation of ‘stemness’ and osteogenic potential of GMSC even in the presence of disease, opening up the possibility of using routinely discarded, diseased gingival tissue as an alternate source of adult MSCs.
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DNA methylation profile is associated with the osteogenic potential of three distinct human odontogenic stem cells. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2018. [PMID: 29527327 PMCID: PMC5837092 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-017-0001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the various sources of human autologous stem cells, stem cells isolated from dental tissues exhibit excellent properties in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the distinct potential of these odontogenic cell lines remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed DNA methylation patterns to determine whether specific differences existed among three different odontogenic cell types. Using the HumanMethylation450 Beadchip, the whole genomes of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), and dental follicle progenitor cells (DFPCs) were compared. Then, the osteogenic potential of these cells was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo, and the methylation levels of certain genes related to bone formation differed among the three cell lines. P values less than 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. The three cell types showed highly similar DNA methylation patterns, although specific differences were identified. Gene ontology analysis revealed that one of the most significantly different gene categories was related to bone formation. Thus, expression of cell surface epitopes and osteogenic-related transcription factors as well as the bone formation capacity were compared. The results showed that compared with DFPCs and DPSCs, PDLSCs had higher transcription levels of osteogenic-related factors, a higher in vitro osteogenic potential, and an increased new bone formation capacity in vivo. In conclusion, the results of this study suggested that the differential DNA methylation profiles could be related to the osteogenic potential of these human odontogenic cell populations. Additionally, the increased osteogenic potential of PDLSCs might aid researchers or clinicians in making better choices regarding tissue regeneration and clinical therapies.
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58
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Wu G, Deng X, Song J, Chen F. Enhanced biological properties of biomimetic apatite fabricated polycaprolactone/chitosan nanofibrous bio-composite for tendon and ligament regeneration. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 178:27-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Alginate Utilization in Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy. SPRINGER SERIES IN BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6910-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ansari S, Sarrion P, Hasani-Sadrabdi MM, Aghaloo T, Wu BM, Moshaverinia A. Regulation of the fate of dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells using engineered alginate-GelMA hydrogels. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:2957-2967. [PMID: 28639378 PMCID: PMC5623163 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from dental and orofacial tissues provide an alternative therapeutic option for craniofacial bone tissue regeneration. However, there is still a need to improve stem cell delivery vehicles to regulate the fate of the encapsulated MSCs for high quality tissue regeneration. Matrix elasticity plays a vital role in MSC fate determination. Here, we have prepared various hydrogel formulations based on alginate and gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and have encapsulated gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) and human bone marrow MSCs (hBMMSCs) within these fabricated hydrogels. We demonstrate that addition of the GelMA to alginate hydrogel reduces the elasticity of the hydrogel mixture. While presence of GelMA in an alginate-based scaffold significantly increased the viability of encapsulated MSCs, increasing the concentration of GelMA downregulated the osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated MSCs in vitro due to decrease in the stiffness of the hydrogel matrix. The osteogenic suppression was rescued by addition of a potent osteogenic growth factor such as rh-BMP-2. In contrast, MSCs encapsulated in alginate hydrogel without GelMA were successfully osteo-differentiated without the aid of additional growth factors, as confirmed by expression of osteogenic markers (Runx2 and OCN), as well as positive staining using Xylenol orange. Interestingly, after two weeks of osteo-differentiation, hBMMSCs and GMSCs encapsulated in alginate/GelMA hydrogels still expressed CD146, an MSC surface marker, while MSCs encapsulated in alginate hydrogel failed to express any positive staining. Altogether, our findings suggest that it is possible to control the fate of encapsulated MSCs within hydrogels by tuning the mechanical properties of the matrix. We also reconfirmed the important role of the presence of inductive signals in guiding MSC differentiation. These findings may enable the design of new multifunctional scaffolds for spatial and temporal control over the fate and function of stem cells even post-transplantation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2957-2967, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Ansari
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Patricia Sarrion
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Hasani-Sadrabdi
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tara Aghaloo
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Benjamin M Wu
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Alireza Moshaverinia
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
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Sankar S, Sharma CS, Rath SN, Ramakrishna S. Electrospun Fibers for Recruitment and Differentiation of Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [PMID: 28980771 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Electrospinning is a popular technique used to mimic the natural sub-micron features of the native tissue. The ultra-fine fibers provide a favorable extracellular matrix-like environment for regulation of cellular functions. This article summarizes and reviews the current advances in electrospun fiber application and focuses on the novel strategies applied for tissue regeneration and repair. It explores the different factors affecting the attachment and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the electrospun substrates. The influence of different features of electrospun fibers in the differentiation of MSCs into specific lineages (bone, cartilage, tendon/ligament, and nerves) has been elaborated. In addition, the different techniques to mimic the hierarchical features of tissues and its effect on cellular functions are reviewed. Additionally, the new developments like three-dimensional (3D) electrospinning, 3D spheroid double strategy and the comparative analysis of dynamic and static culture on electrospun scaffolds are discussed. With the intricate understanding of the interaction between the cells and the electrospun fiber matrix we can aim to combine the newer strategies to overcome the existing challenges and improve the potential application of electrospun fibers in the field of tissue regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharanya Sankar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Telangana-502285, Hyderabad, India
| | - Chandra S Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Telangana-502285, Hyderabad, India
| | - Subha N Rath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Telangana-502285, Hyderabad, India
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, 110077, Singapore
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Wu S, Wang Y, Streubel PN, Duan B. Living nanofiber yarn-based woven biotextiles for tendon tissue engineering using cell tri-culture and mechanical stimulation. Acta Biomater 2017; 62:102-115. [PMID: 28864251 PMCID: PMC5623069 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Non-woven nanofibrous scaffolds have been developed for tendon graft application by using electrospinning strategies. However, electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds face some obstacles and limitations, including suboptimal scaffold structure, weak tensile and suture-retention strengths, and compact structure for cell infiltration. In this work, a novel nanofibrous, woven biotextile, fabricated based on electrospun nanofiber yarns, was implemented as a tissue engineered tendon scaffold. Based on our modified electrospinning setup, polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofiber yarns were fabricated with reproducible quality, and were further processed into plain-weaving fabrics interlaced with polylactic acid (PLA) multifilaments. Nonwoven nanofibrous PCL meshes with random or aligned fiber structures were generated using typical electrospinning as comparative counterparts. The woven fabrics contained 3D aligned microstructures with significantly larger pore size and obviously enhanced tensile mechanical properties than their nonwoven counterparts. The biological results revealed that cell proliferation and infiltration, along with the expression of tendon-specific genes by human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (HADMSC) and human tenocytes (HT), were significantly enhanced on the woven fabrics compared with those on randomly-oriented or aligned nanofiber meshes. Co-cultures of HADMSC with HT or human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) on woven fabrics significantly upregulated the functional expression of most tenogenic markers. HADMSC/HT/HUVEC tri-culture on woven fabrics showed the highest upregulation of most tendon-associated markers than all the other mono- and co-culture groups. Furthermore, we conditioned the tri-cultured constructs with dynamic conditioning and demonstrated that dynamic stretch promoted total collagen secretion and tenogenic differentiation. Our nanofiber yarn-based biotextiles have significant potential to be used as engineered scaffolds to synergize the multiple cell interaction and mechanical stimulation for promoting tendon regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Tendon grafts are essential for the treatment of various tendon-related conditions due to the inherently poor healing capacity of native tendon tissues. In this study, we combined electrospun nanofiber yarns with textile manufacturing strategies to fabricate nanofibrous woven biotextiles with hierarchical features, aligned fibrous topography, and sufficient mechanical properties as tendon tissue engineered scaffolds. Comparing to traditional electrospun random or aligned meshes, our novel nanofibrous woven fabrics possess strong tensile and suture-retention strengths and larger pore size. We also demonstrated that the incorporation of tendon cells and vascular cells promoted the tenogenic differentiation of the engineered tendon constructs, especially under dynamic stretch. This study not only presents a novel tissue engineered tendon scaffold fabrication technique but also provides a useful strategy to promote tendon differentiation and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Wu
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Philipp N Streubel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Bin Duan
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Ansari S, Diniz IM, Chen C, Aghaloo T, Wu BM, Shi S, Moshaverinia A. Alginate/hyaluronic acid hydrogel delivery system characteristics regulate the differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells toward chondrogenic lineage. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2017; 28:162. [PMID: 28914392 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-5974-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage tissue regeneration often presents a challenging clinical situation. Recently, it has been shown that Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells (PDLSCs) possess high chondrogenic differentiation capacity. In this study, we developed a stem cell delivery system based on alginate/hyaluronic acid (HA) loaded with TGF-β1 ligand, encapsulating PDLSCs; and investigated the chondrogenic differentiation of encapsulated cells in alginate/HA hydrogel microspheres in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that PDLSCs, as well as human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs), as the positive control, were stained positive for both toluidine blue and alcian blue staining, while exhibiting high levels of gene expression related to chondrogenesis (Col II, Aggrecan and Sox-9), as assessed via qPCR. The quantitative PCR analyses exhibited that the chondrogenic differentiation of encapsulated MSCs can be regulated by the modulus of elasticity of hydrogel delivery system, confirming the vital role of the microenvironment, and the presence of inductive signals for viability and differentiation of MSCs. In vivo, histological and immunofluorescence staining for chondrogenic specific protein markers confirmed ectopic cartilage-like tissue regeneration inside transplanted hydrogels. PDLSCs presented significantly greater capability for chondrogenic differentiation than hBMMSCs (P < 0.05). Altogether, our findings confirmed that alginate/HA hydrogels encapsulating PDLSCs are a promising candidate for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Ansari
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ivana M Diniz
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia da UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Chider Chen
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tara Aghaloo
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin M Wu
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Songtao Shi
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alireza Moshaverinia
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Bone regeneration in minipigs by intrafibrillarly-mineralized collagen loaded with autologous periodontal ligament stem cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10519. [PMID: 28874877 PMCID: PMC5585269 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic intrafibrillarly-mineralized collagen (IMC) is a promising scaffold for bone regeneration because of its structural and functional similarity to natural bone. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bone regeneration potential of IMC loaded with autologous periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in large bone defects in minipigs. A macroporous IMC with a bone-like subfibrillar nanostructure was fabricated using a biomimetic bottom-up approach. Non-healing full thickness defects were established on the cranial bone in minipigs, and IMC and hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds seeded with autologous PDLSCs were implanted into these defects. Computed tomographic imaging, histology staining, and atomic force microscopy were applied to evaluate to the quantity, micro/nano structures, and mechanical performance of the neo-bone after 12 weeks of implantation. Compared with HA, IMC showed superior regeneration properties characterized by the profuse deposition of new bony structures with a normal architecture and vascularization. Immunohistochemistry showed that the runt-related transcription factor 2 and transcription factor Osterix were highly expressed in the neo-bone formed by IMC. Furthermore, the nanostructure and nanomechanics of the neo-bone formed by IMC were similar to that of natural bone. This study provides strong evidence for the future clinical applications of the IMC-based bone grafts.
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Arpornmaeklong P, Sutthitrairong C, Jantaramanant P, Pripatnanont P. Allogenic human serum, a clinical grade serum supplement for promoting human periodontal ligament stem cell expansion. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:142-152. [PMID: 27957806 DOI: 10.1002/term.2379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Exposing human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) to animal proteins during cell expansion would compromise quality and safety of the hPDLSCs for clinical applications. The current study aimed to evaluate the replacement of animal-based serum by human serum for the expansion of hPDLSCs. hPDLSCs were cultured in culture media supplemented with four types of serums: Group A: fetal bovine serum (FBS); Group B: allogeneic human male AB serum (HS); Group C: in-house autologous (Auto-HS); and Group D: in-house allogeneic human serums (Allo-HS). Exhibitions of mesenchymal stem cell characteristics of hPDLSCs were examined. Then, growth and osteogenic (OS) differentiation potential of hPDLSCs in FBS and HS at passages 5 and 15 were compared to investigate the effects of serum supplements on growth and expansion stability of the expanded hPDLSCs. After that, growth and OS differentiation of hPDLSCs in Auto- and Allo-HS were investigated. Flow cytometrical analyses, functional differentiations, cell growth kinetic, cytogenetic analysis, alkaline phosphatase and calcium content assays, and oil red O and von Kossa staining were performed. Results showed that at passage 5, HS promoted growth and OS differentiation of hPDLSCs and extensive cell expansion, decreased growth and differentiation potential of the expanded hPDLSCs, particularly in HS. Growth and OS differentiation of hPDLSCs in Auto-HS and Allo-HS were not different. In summary, allogeneic human serum could be a replacement to FBS for hPDLSC expansion. In vitro cell expansion of hPDLSCs should be minimal to ensure optimal cell quality. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premjit Arpornmaeklong
- Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.,CranioMaxillofacial Hard Tissue Engineering Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Chotika Sutthitrairong
- CranioMaxillofacial Hard Tissue Engineering Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Piyathida Jantaramanant
- CranioMaxillofacial Hard Tissue Engineering Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Prisana Pripatnanont
- CranioMaxillofacial Hard Tissue Engineering Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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66
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Yang B, Qiu Y, Zhou N, Ouyang H, Ding J, Cheng B, Sun J. Application of Stem Cells in Oral Disease Therapy: Progresses and Perspectives. Front Physiol 2017; 8:197. [PMID: 28421002 PMCID: PMC5376595 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are undifferentiated and pluripotent cells that can differentiate into specialized cells with a more specific function. Stem cell therapies become preferred methods for the treatment of multiple diseases. Oral and maxillofacial defect is one kind of the diseases that could be most possibly cured by stem cell therapies. Here we discussed oral diseases, oral adult stem cells, iPS cells, and the progresses/challenges/perspectives of application of stem cells for oral disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Yi Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Niu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Hong Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Junjun Ding
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
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67
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Ansari S, Seagroves JT, Chen C, Shah K, Aghaloo T, Wu BM, Bencharit S, Moshaverinia A. Dental and orofacial mesenchymal stem cells in craniofacial regeneration: The prosthodontist's point of view. J Prosthet Dent 2017; 118:455-461. [PMID: 28385446 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Of the available regenerative treatment options, craniofacial tissue regeneration using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) shows promise. The ability of stem cells to produce multiple specialized cell types along with their extensive distribution in many adult tissues have made them an attractive target for applications in tissue engineering. MSCs reside in a wide spectrum of postnatal tissue types and have been successfully isolated from orofacial tissues. These dental- or orofacial-derived MSCs possess self-renewal and multilineage differentiation capacities. The craniofacial system is composed of complex hard and soft tissues derived from sophisticated processes starting with embryonic development. Because of the complexity of the craniofacial tissues, the application of stem cells presents challenges in terms of the size, shape, and form of the engineered structures, the specialized final developed cells, and the modulation of timely blood supply while limiting inflammatory and immunological responses. The cell delivery vehicle has an important role in the in vivo performance of stem cells and could dictate the success of the regenerative therapy. Among the available hydrogel biomaterials for cell encapsulation, alginate-based hydrogels have shown promising results in biomedical applications. Alginate scaffolds encapsulating MSCs can provide a suitable microenvironment for cell viability and differentiation for tissue regeneration applications. This review aims to summarize current applications of dental-derived stem cell therapy and highlight the use of alginate-based hydrogels for applications in craniofacial tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Ansari
- Lecturer, Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Jackson T Seagroves
- Student, Department of Dental Research, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Chider Chen
- Postdoctoral research fellow, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Kumar Shah
- Associate Professor and Program Director, Graduate Program in Prosthodontics, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Tara Aghaloo
- Professor, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics and Director, Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Benjamin M Wu
- Professor and Chair, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics and Director, Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Sompop Bencharit
- Associate Professor and Director, Digital Dentistry Technologies, Department of General Practice and Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Alireza Moshaverinia
- Assistant Professor, Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Calif.
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68
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Liu Y, Suen CW, Zhang JF, Li G. Current concepts on tenogenic differentiation and clinical applications. J Orthop Translat 2017; 9:28-42. [PMID: 29662797 PMCID: PMC5822963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon is a tissue that transmits force from muscle to bone. Chronic or acute tendon injuries are very common, and are always accompanied by pain and a limited range of motion in patients. In clinical settings, management of tendon injuries still remains a big challenge. Cell therapies, such as the application of stem cells for tenogenic differentiation, were suggested to be an ideal strategy for clinical translation. However, there is still a lack of specific methods for tenogenic differentiation due to the limited understanding of tendon biology currently. This review focuses on the summary of current published strategies for tenogenic differentiation, such as the application of growth factors, mechanical stimulation, biomaterials, coculture, or induced pluripotent stem cells. Current clinical applications of stem cells for treatment of tendon injuries and their limitations have also been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Wai Suen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin-fang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesPrince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong Kong30-32 Ngan Shing StreetShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong, China
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69
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Chen YY, He ST, Yan FH, Zhou PF, Luo K, Zhang YD, Xiao Y, Lin MK. Dental pulp stem cells express tendon markers under mechanical loading and are a potential cell source for tissue engineering of tendon-like tissue. Int J Oral Sci 2016; 8:213-222. [PMID: 27811845 PMCID: PMC5168414 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2016.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatal mesenchymal stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into multiple cell lineages. This study explored the possibility of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) for potential application in tendon tissue engineering. The expression of tendon-related markers such as scleraxis, tenascin-C, tenomodulin, eye absent homologue 2, collagens I and VI was detected in dental pulp tissue. Interestingly, under mechanical stimulation, these tendon-related markers were significantly enhanced when DPSCs were seeded in aligned polyglycolic acid (PGA) fibre scaffolds. Furthermore, mature tendon-like tissue was formed after transplantation of DPSC-PGA constructs under mechanical loading conditions in a mouse model. This study demonstrates that DPSCs could be a potential stem cell source for tissue engineering of tendon-like tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Teng He
- Department of Stomatology, Hainan Province Nongken Sanya Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Fu-Hua Yan
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peng-Fei Zhou
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kai Luo
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ding Zhang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yin Xiao
- Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Min-Kui Lin
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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70
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Milan PB, Lotfibakhshaiesh N, Joghataie M, Ai J, Pazouki A, Kaplan D, Kargozar S, Amini N, Hamblin M, Mozafari M, Samadikuchaksaraei A. Accelerated wound healing in a diabetic rat model using decellularized dermal matrix and human umbilical cord perivascular cells. Acta Biomater 2016; 45:234-246. [PMID: 27591919 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is an unmet clinical need for novel wound healing strategies to treat full thickness skin defects, especially in diabetic patients. We hypothesized that a scaffold could perform dual roles of a biomechanical support and a favorable biochemical environment for stem cells. Human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVCs) have been recently reported as a type of mesenchymal stem cell that can accelerate early wound healing in skin defects. However, there are only a limited number of studies that have incorporated these cells into natural scaffolds for dermal tissue engineering. The aim of the present study was to promote angiogenesis and accelerate wound healing by using HUCPVCs and decellularized dermal matrix (DDM) in a rat model of diabetic wounds. The DDM scaffolds were prepared from harvested human skin samples and histological, ultrastructural, molecular and mechanical assessments were carried out. In comparison with the control (without any treatment) and DDM alone group, full thickness excisional wounds treated with HUCPVCs-loaded DDM scaffolds demonstrated an accelerated wound closure rate, faster re-epithelization, more granulation tissue formation and decreased collagen deposition. Furthermore, immunofluorescence analysis showed that the VEGFR-2 expression and vascular density in the HUCPVCs-loaded DDM scaffold treated group were also significantly higher than the other groups at 7days post implantation. Since the rates of angiogenesis, re-epithelization and formation of granulation tissue are directly correlated with full thickness wound healing in patients, the proposed HUCPVCs-loaded DDM scaffolds may fulfil a role neglected by current treatment strategies. This pre-clinical proof-of-concept study warrants further clinical evaluation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The aim of the present study was to design a novel tissue-engineered system to promote angiogenesis, re-epithelization and granulation of skin tissue using human umbilical cord perivascular stem cells and decellularized dermal matrix natural scaffolds in rat diabetic wound models. The authors of this research article have been working on stem cells and tissue engineering scaffolds for years. According to our knowledge, there is a lack of an efficient system for the treatment of skin defects using tissue engineering strategy. Since the rates of angiogenesis, re-epithelization and granulation tissue are directly correlated with full thickness wound healing, the proposed HUCPVCs-loaded DDM scaffolds perfectly fills the niche neglected by current treatment strategies. This pre-clinical study demonstrates the proof-of-concept that necessitates clinical evaluations.
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71
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Veronesi F, Salamanna F, Tschon M, Maglio M, Nicoli Aldini N, Fini M. Mesenchymal stem cells for tendon healing: what is on the horizon? J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:3202-3219. [PMID: 27597421 DOI: 10.1002/term.2209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tendon injuries are a noteworthy morbidity but at present there are few effective scientifically proven treatments. In recent decades, a number of new strategies including tissue engineering with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proposed to enhance tendon healing. Although MSCs are an interesting and promising approach, many questions regarding their use in tendon repair remain unanswered. This descriptive overview of the literature of the last decade explores the in vivo studies on tendon healing, in small and large animal models, which used MSCs harvested from different tissues, and the state of the art in clinical applications. It was observed that there are still doubts about the optimum amount of MSCs to use and their source and the type of scaffolds to deliver the cells. Thus, further studies are needed to determine the best protocol for MSC use in tendon healing. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Veronesi
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Salamanna
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Tschon
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Melania Maglio
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicolo Nicoli Aldini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
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72
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Werle SB, Chagastelles P, Pranke P, Casagrande L. The effects of hypoxia on in vitro culture of dental-derived stem cells. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 68:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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73
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Fu Y, Liu S, Cui SJ, Kou XX, Wang XD, Liu XM, Sun Y, Wang GN, Liu Y, Zhou YH. Surface Chemistry of Nanoscale Mineralized Collagen Regulates Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell Fate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:15958-15966. [PMID: 27280804 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b04951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between stem cells and their extracellular microenvironment is of critical importance to the stem cell-based therapeutics in regenerative medicine. Mineralized collagen is the main component of bone extracellular matrix, but the effect of interfacial properties of mineralized collagen on subsequent cellular behaviors is unclear. This study examined the role of surface chemistry of nanoscale mineralized collagen on human periodontal ligament stem cell (hPDLSC) fate decisions. The intrafibrillarly mineralized collagen (IMC), fabricated by a biomimetic bottom-up approach, showed a bonelike hierarchy with nanohydroxyapatites (HAs) periodically embedded within fibrils. The infrared spectrum of the IMC showed the presence of phosphate, carbonate, amide I and II bands; and infrared mapping displayed uniform and higher spatial distribution of mineralization in the IMC. However, the distribution of the phosphate group differed far from that of the amide I group in the extrafibrillarly mineralized collagen (EMC), in which flowerlike HA clusters randomly depositing around the surface of the fibrils. Moreover, a large quantity of extrafibrillar HAs covered up the C═O stretch and N-H in-plane bend, resulting in substantial reduction of amide I and II bands. Cell experiments demonstrated that the hPDLSCs seeded on the IMC exhibited a highly branched, osteoblast-like polygonal shape with extended pseudopodia and thick stress fiber formation; while cells on the EMC displayed a spindle shape with less branch points and thin actin fibril formation. Furthermore, the biocompatibility of EMC was much lower than that of IMC. Interestingly, even without osteogenic induction, mRNA levels of major osteogenic differentiation genes were highly expressed in the IMC during cultivation time. These data suggest that the IMC with a similar nanotopography and surface chemistry to natural mineralized collagen directs hPDLSCs toward osteoblast differentiation, providing a promising scaffold in bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology , Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology , Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Jie Cui
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology , Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Xing Kou
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology , Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Dong Wang
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology , Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Mo Liu
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology , Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology , Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Gao-Nan Wang
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology , Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology , Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Heng Zhou
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology , Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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74
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Gingival Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells: A Unique Tissue Engineering Gem. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:7154327. [PMID: 27313628 PMCID: PMC4903147 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7154327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gingiva, characterized by its outstanding scarless wound healing properties, is a unique tissue and a pivotal component of the periodontal apparatus, investing and surrounding the teeth in their sockets in the alveolar bone. In the last years gingival mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (G-MSCs), with promising regenerative and immunomodulatory properties, have been isolated and characterized from the gingival lamina propria. These cells, in contrast to other mesenchymal stem/progenitor cell sources, are abundant, readily accessible, and easily obtainable via minimally invasive cell isolation techniques. The present review summarizes the current scientific evidence on G-MSCs' isolation, their characterization, the investigated subpopulations, the generated induced pluripotent stem cells- (iPSC-) like G-MSCs, their regenerative properties, and current approaches for G-MSCs' delivery. The review further demonstrates their immunomodulatory properties, the transplantation preconditioning attempts via multiple biomolecules to enhance their attributes, and the experimental therapeutic applications conducted to treat multiple diseases in experimental animal models in vivo. G-MSCs show remarkable tissue reparative/regenerative potential, noteworthy immunomodulatory properties, and primary experimental therapeutic applications of G-MSCs are very promising, pointing at future biologically based therapeutic techniques, being potentially superior to conventional clinical treatment modalities.
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75
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Fabrication of Core-Shell PEI/pBMP2-PLGA Electrospun Scaffold for Gene Delivery to Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:5385137. [PMID: 27313626 PMCID: PMC4899599 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5385137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering is the most promising technology for enhancing bone regeneration. Scaffolds loaded with osteogenic factors improve the therapeutic effect. In this study, the bioactive PEI (polyethylenimine)/pBMP2- (bone morphogenetic protein-2 plasmid-) PLGA (poly(D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)) core-shell scaffolds were prepared using coaxial electrospinning for a controlled gene delivery to hPDLSCs (human periodontal ligament stem cells). The pBMP2 was encapsulated in the PEI phase as a core and PLGA was employed to control pBMP2 release as a shell. First, the scaffold characterization and mechanical properties were evaluated. Then the gene release behavior was analyzed. Our results showed that pBMP2 was released at high levels in the first few days, with a continuous release behavior in the next 28 days. At the same time, PEI/pBMP2 showed high transfection efficiency. Moreover, the core-shell electrospun scaffold showed BMP2 expression for a much longer time (more than 28 days) compared with the single axial electrospun scaffold, as evaluated by qRT-PCR and western blot after culturing with hPDLSCs. These results suggested that the core-shell PEI/pBMP2-PLGA scaffold fabricated by coaxial electrospinning had a good gene release behavior and showed a prolonged expression time with a high transfection efficiency.
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76
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Dex S, Lin D, Shukunami C, Docheva D. Tenogenic modulating insider factor: Systematic assessment on the functions of tenomodulin gene. Gene 2016; 587:1-17. [PMID: 27129941 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tenomodulin (TNMD, Tnmd) is a gene highly expressed in tendon known to be important for tendon maturation with key implications for the residing tendon stem/progenitor cells as well as for the regulation of endothelial cell migration in chordae tendineae cordis in the heart and in experimental tumour models. This review aims at providing an encompassing overview of this gene and its protein. In addition, its known expression pattern as well as putative signalling pathways will be described. A chronological overview of the discovered functions of this gene in tendon and other tissues and cells is provided as well as its use as a tendon and ligament lineage marker is assessed in detail and discussed. Last, information about the possible connections between TNMD genomic mutations and mRNA expression to various diseases is delivered. Taken together this review offers a solid synopsis on the up-to-date information available about TNMD and aids at directing and focusing the future research to fully uncover the roles and implications of this interesting gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dex
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Dasheng Lin
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Chisa Shukunami
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Denitsa Docheva
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany; Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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77
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Ansari S, Chen C, Xu X, Annabi N, Zadeh HH, Wu BM, Khademhosseini A, Shi S, Moshaverinia A. Muscle Tissue Engineering Using Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells Encapsulated in Alginate Hydrogels Containing Multiple Growth Factors. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 44:1908-20. [PMID: 27009085 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1594-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Repair and regeneration of muscle tissue following traumatic injuries or muscle diseases often presents a challenging clinical situation. If a significant amount of tissue is lost the native regenerative potential of skeletal muscle will not be able to grow to fill the defect site completely. Dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in combination with appropriate scaffold material, present an advantageous alternative therapeutic option for muscle tissue engineering in comparison to current treatment modalities available. To date, there has been no report on application of gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) in three-dimensional scaffolds for muscle tissue engineering. The objectives of the current study were to develop an injectable 3D RGD-coupled alginate scaffold with multiple growth factor delivery capacity for encapsulating GMSCs, and to evaluate the capacity of encapsulated GMSCs to differentiate into myogenic tissue in vitro and in vivo where encapsulated GMSCs were transplanted subcutaneously into immunocompromised mice. The results demonstrate that after 4 weeks of differentiation in vitro, GMSCs as well as the positive control human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs) exhibited muscle cell-like morphology with high levels of mRNA expression for gene markers related to muscle regeneration (MyoD, Myf5, and MyoG) via qPCR measurement. Our quantitative PCR analyzes revealed that the stiffness of the RGD-coupled alginate regulates the myogenic differentiation of encapsulated GMSCs. Histological and immunohistochemical/fluorescence staining for protein markers specific for myogenic tissue confirmed muscle regeneration in subcutaneous transplantation in our in vivo animal model. GMSCs showed significantly greater capacity for myogenic regeneration in comparison to hBMMSCs (p < 0.05). Altogether, our findings confirmed that GMSCs encapsulated in RGD-modified alginate hydrogel with multiple growth factor delivery capacity is a promising candidate for muscle tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Ansari
- Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chider Chen
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xingtian Xu
- Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.,Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Homayoun H Zadeh
- Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin M Wu
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prothodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Songtao Shi
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alireza Moshaverinia
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prothodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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78
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Lichtman MK, Otero-Vinas M, Falanga V. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) isoforms in wound healing and fibrosis. Wound Repair Regen 2016; 24:215-22. [PMID: 26704519 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Scar formation, with persistent alteration of the normal tissue structure, is an undesirable and significant result of both wound healing and fibrosing disorders. There are few strategies to prevent or to treat scarring. The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily is an important mediator of tissue repair. Each TGF-β isoform may exert a different effect on wound healing, which may be context-dependent. In particular, TGF-β1 may mediate fibrosis in adults' wounds, while TGF-β3 may promote scarless healing in the fetus and reduced scarring in adults. Thus, TGF-β3 may offer a scar-reducing therapy for acute and chronic wounds and fibrosing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Lichtman
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Veterans' Administration, Boston Healthcare System, Division of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marta Otero-Vinas
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Systems Biology, The Tissue Repair and Regeneration Laboratory, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain
| | - Vincent Falanga
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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79
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Diniz IMA, Chen C, Ansari S, Zadeh HH, Moshaverinia M, Chee D, Marques MM, Shi S, Moshaverinia A. Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cell (GMSC) Delivery System Based on RGD-Coupled Alginate Hydrogel with Antimicrobial Properties: A Novel Treatment Modality for Peri-Implantitis. J Prosthodont 2016; 25:105-15. [PMID: 26216081 PMCID: PMC4729657 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Peri-implantitis is one of the most common inflammatory complications in dental implantology. Similar to periodontitis, in peri-implantitis, destructive inflammatory changes take place in the tissues surrounding a dental implant. Bacterial flora at the failing implant sites resemble the pathogens in periodontal disease and consist of Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). Here we demonstrate the effectiveness of a silver lactate (SL)-containing RGD-coupled alginate hydrogel scaffold as a promising stem cell delivery vehicle with antimicrobial properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) or human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs) were encapsulated in SL-loaded alginate hydrogel microspheres. Stem cell viability, proliferation, and osteo-differentiation capacity were analyzed. RESULTS Our results showed that SL exhibited antimicrobial properties against Aa in a dose-dependent manner, with 0.50 mg/ml showing the greatest antimicrobial properties while still maintaining cell viability. At this concentration, SL-containing alginate hydrogel was able to inhibit Aa growth on the surface of Ti discs and significantly reduce the bacterial load in Aa suspensions. Silver ions were effectively released from the SL-loaded alginate microspheres for up to 2 weeks. Osteogenic differentiation of GMSCs and hBMMSCs encapsulated in the SL-loaded alginate microspheres were confirmed by the intense mineral matrix deposition and high expression of osteogenesis-related genes. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings confirm that GMSCs encapsulated in RGD-modified alginate hydrogel containing SL show promise for bone tissue engineering with antimicrobial properties against Aa bacteria in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana M. A. Diniz
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Restorative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chider Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Sahar Ansari
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Laboratory for Immunoregulation and Tissue Engineering (LITE), Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Homayoun H. Zadeh
- Laboratory for Immunoregulation and Tissue Engineering (LITE), Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Maryam Moshaverinia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Daniel Chee
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Márcia M. Marques
- Restorative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Songtao Shi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Alireza Moshaverinia
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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80
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Huang L, Liu B, Cha J, Yuan G, Kelly M, Singh G, Hyman S, Brunski J, Li J, Helms J. Mechanoresponsive Properties of the Periodontal Ligament. J Dent Res 2016; 95:467-75. [PMID: 26767771 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515626102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The periodontal ligament (PDL) functions as an enthesis, a connective tissue attachment that dissipates strains created by mechanical loading. Entheses are mechanoresponsive structures that rapidly adapt to changes in their mechanical loading; here we asked which features of the PDL are sensitive to such in vivo loading. We evaluated the PDL in 4 physiologically relevant mechanical environments, focusing on mitotic activity, cell density, collagen content, osteogenic protein expression, and organization of the tissue. In addition to examining PDLs that supported teeth under masticatory loading and eruptive forces, 2 additional mechanical conditions were created and analyzed: hypoloading and experimental tooth movement. Collectively, these data revealed that the adult PDL is a remarkably quiescent tissue and that only when it is subjected to increased loads—such as those associated with mastication, eruption, and orthodontic tooth movement—does the tissue increase its rate of cell proliferation and collagen production. These data have relevance in clinical scenarios where PDL acclimatization can be exploited to optimize tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Huang
- Orthodontic Department, Stomatology Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory, Chongqing, China
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - B. Liu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J.Y. Cha
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - G. Yuan
- Department of Orthodontics, Dalian Stomatological Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - M. Kelly
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - G. Singh
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - S. Hyman
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J.B. Brunski
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J. Li
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - J.A. Helms
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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81
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Zhang Y, Mao H, Qian M, Hu F, Cao L, Xu K, Shuai Q, Gao C, Lang R, Akaike T, Yang J. Surface modification with E-cadherin fusion protein for mesenchymal stem cell culture. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:4267-4277. [PMID: 32263408 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00765a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
To effectively expand human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro without affecting their innate biological properties, a fusion protein (hE-cad-Fc) was fabricated and used as a biomimetic matrix for MSC culture surface modification.
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82
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M. Carballosa C, M. Greenberg J, S. Cheung H. Expression and function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in stem cells. AIMS BIOENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/bioeng.2016.3.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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83
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Li J, Li H, Tian Y, Yang Y, Chen G, Guo W, Tian W. Cytoskeletal binding proteins distinguish cultured dental follicle cells and periodontal ligament cells. Exp Cell Res 2015; 345:6-16. [PMID: 26708290 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Human dental follicle cells (DFCs) and periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) derived from the ectomesenchymal tissue, have been shown to exhibit stem/progenitor cell properties and the ability to induce tissue regeneration. Stem cells in dental follicle differentiate into cementoblasts, periodontal ligament fibroblasts and osteoblasts, these cells form cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, respectively. While stem cells in dental follicle are a precursor to periodontal ligament fibroblasts, the molecular changes that distinguish cultured DFCs from PDLCs are still unknown. In this study, we have compared the immunophenotypic features and cell cycle status of the two cell lines. The results suggest that DFCs and PDLCs displayed similar features related to immunophenotype and cell cycle. Then we employed an isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) proteomics strategy to reveal the molecular differences between the two cell types. A total of 2138 proteins were identified and 39 of these proteins were consistently differentially expressed between DFCs and PDLCs. Gene ontology analyses revealed that the protein subsets expressed higher in PDLCs were related to actin binding, cytoskeletal protein binding, and structural constituent of muscle. Upon validation by real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. Tropomyosin 1 (TPM1) and caldesmon 1 (CALD1) were expressed higher in PDLCs than in DFCs. Our results suggested that PDLCs display enhanced actin cytoskeletal dynamics relative to DFCs while DFCs may exhibit a more robust antioxidant defense ability relative to PDLCs. This study expands our knowledge of the cultured DFCs and PDLCs proteome and provides new insights into possible mechanisms responsible for the different biological features observed in each cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaling Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihua Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pedodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Weidong Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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84
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Wang W, Li J, Wang K, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Zhou G, Cao Y, Ye M, Zou H, Liu W. Induction of predominant tenogenic phenotype in human dermal fibroblasts via synergistic effect of TGF-β and elongated cell shape. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 310:C357-72. [PMID: 26632599 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00300.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Micropattern topography is widely investigated for its role in mediating stem cell differentiation, but remains unexplored for phenotype switch between mature cell types. This study investigated the potential of inducing tenogenic phenotype in human dermal fibroblasts (hDFs) by artificial elongation of cultured cells. Our results showed that a parallel microgrooved topography could convert spread hDFs into an elongated shape and induce a predominant tenogenic phenotype as the expression of biomarkers was significantly enhanced, such as scleraxis, tenomodulin, collagens I, III, VI, and decorin. It also enhanced the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, but not α-smooth muscle actin. Elongated hDFs failed to induce other phenotypes, such as adiopogenic, chondrogenic, neurogenic, and myogenic lineages. By contrast, no tenogenic phenotype could be induced in elongated human chondrocytes, although chondrogenic phenotype was inhibited. Exogenous TGF-β1 could enhance the tenogenic phenotype in elongated hDFs at low dose (2 ng/ml), but promoted myofibroblast transdifferentiation of hDFs at high dose (10 ng/ml), regardless of cell shape. Elongated shape also resulted in decreased RhoA activity and increased Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) activity. Antagonizing TGF-β or inhibiting ROCK activity with Y27632 or depolymerizing actin with cytochalasin D could all significantly inhibit tenogenic phenotype induction, particularly in elongated hDFs. In conclusion, elongation of cultured dermal fibroblasts can induce a predominant tenogenic phenotype likely via synergistic effect of TGF-β and cytoskeletal signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Keyun Wang
- National Chromatography R&A Centre, CAS Key Lab of Separation for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian, China; and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangdong Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilin Cao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- National Chromatography R&A Centre, CAS Key Lab of Separation for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian, China; and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanfa Zou
- National Chromatography R&A Centre, CAS Key Lab of Separation for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian, China; and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China;
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85
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Dalheim MØ, Vanacker J, Najmi MA, Aachmann FL, Strand BL, Christensen BE. Efficient functionalization of alginate biomaterials. Biomaterials 2015; 80:146-156. [PMID: 26708091 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Peptide coupled alginates obtained by chemical functionalization of alginates are commonly used as scaffold materials for cells in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. We here present an alternative to the commonly used carbodiimide chemistry, using partial periodate oxidation followed by reductive amination. High and precise degrees of substitution were obtained with high reproducibility, and without formation of by-products. A protocol was established using l-Tyrosine methyl ester as a model compound and the non-toxic pic-BH3 as the reducing agent. DOSY was used to indirectly verify covalent binding and the structure of the product was further elucidated using NMR spectroscopy. The coupling efficiency was to some extent dependent on alginate composition, being most efficient on mannuronan. Three different bioactive peptide sequences (GRGDYP, GRGDSP and KHIFSDDSSE) were coupled to 8% periodate oxidized alginate resulting in degrees of substitution between 3.9 and 6.9%. Cell adhesion studies of mouse myoblasts (C2C12) and human dental stem cells (RP89) to gels containing various amounts of GRGDSP coupled alginate demonstrated the bioactivity of the material where RP89 cells needed higher peptide concentrations to adhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Ø Dalheim
- NOBIPOL, Department of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Julie Vanacker
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels B-1200, Belgium
| | - Maryam A Najmi
- NOBIPOL, Department of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Finn L Aachmann
- NOBIPOL, Department of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Berit L Strand
- NOBIPOL, Department of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Bjørn E Christensen
- NOBIPOL, Department of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim N-7491, Norway.
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86
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Maxim MA, Soritau O, Baciut M, Bran S, Baciut G. The role of dental stem cells in regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 88:479-82. [PMID: 26733745 PMCID: PMC4689240 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that have the capacity of rising multiple cell types. A rich source of mesenchymal stem cells is represented by the dental tissues: the periodontal ligament, the dental pulp, the apical papilla, the dental follicle and the deciduous teeth. The aim of this review is to characterize the main dental- derived mesenchymal stem cell population, and to show their important role in tissue regeneration based on their properties : the multi-potency, the high proliferation rate, the differentiation in multiple cell lineages, the high cell viability and the positive expression for mesenchymal cell markers. Tissue regeneration or de novo’ formation of craniofacial structures is the future of regenerative medicine, offering a solution for congenital malformations, traumas and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga Soritau
- Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta Institute of Oncology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Baciut
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery and Dental Emergencies, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simion Bran
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery and Dental Emergencies, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Grigore Baciut
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery and Dental Emergencies, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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87
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Incorporation of aligned PCL-PEG nanofibers into porous chitosan scaffolds improved the orientation of collagen fibers in regenerated periodontium. Acta Biomater 2015; 25:240-52. [PMID: 26188325 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The periodontal ligament (PDL) is a group of highly aligned and organized connective tissue fibers that intervenes between the root surface and the alveolar bone. The unique architecture is essential for the specific physiological functionalities of periodontium. The regeneration of periodontium has been extensively studied by researchers, but very few of them pay attention to the alignment of PDL fibers as well as its functionalities. In this study, we fabricated a three-dimensional multilayered scaffold by embedding highly aligned biodegradable poly (ε-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PCE) copolymer electrospun nanofibrous mats into porous chitosan (CHI) to provide topographic cues and guide the oriented regeneration of periodontal tissue. In vitro, compared with random group and porous control, aligned nanofibers embedded scaffold could guide oriented arrangement and elongation of cells with promoted infiltration, viability and increased periodontal ligament-related genes expression. In vivo, aligned nanofibers embedded scaffold showed more organized arrangement of regenerated PDL nearly perpendicular against the root surface with more extensive formation of mature collagen fibers than random group and porous control. Moreover, higher expression level of periostin and more significant formation of tooth-supporting mineralized tissue were presented in the regenerated periodontium of aligned scaffold group. Incorporation of aligned PCE nanofibers into porous CHI proved to be applicable for oriented regeneration of periodontium, which might be further utilized in regeneration of a wide variety of human tissues with a specialized direction. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The regeneration of periodontium has been extensively studied by researchers, but very few of them give attention to the alignment of periodontal ligament (PDL) fibers as well as its functionalities. The key issue is to provide guidance to the orientation of cells with aligned arrangement of collagen fibers perpendicular against the root surface. This study aimed to promote oriented regeneration of periodontium by structural mimicking of scaffolds. The in vitro and in vivo performances of the scaffolds were further evaluated to test the topographic-guiding and periodontium healing potentials. We also think our research may provide ideas in regeneration of a wide variety of human tissues with a specialized direction.
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88
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89
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Chen X, Wu G, Feng Z, Dong Y, Zhou W, Li B, Bai S, Zhao Y. Advanced biomaterials and their potential applications in the treatment of periodontal disease. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 36:760-75. [PMID: 26004052 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2015.1035693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is considered as a widespread infectious disease and the most common cause of tooth loss in adults. Attempts for developing periodontal disease treatment strategies, including drug delivery and regeneration approaches, provide a useful experimental model for the evaluation of future periodontal therapies. Recently, emerging advanced biomaterials including hydrogels, films, micro/nanofibers and particles, hold great potential to be utilized as cell/drug carriers for local drug delivery and biomimetic scaffolds for future regeneration therapies. In this review, first, we describe the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, including plaque formation, immune response and inflammatory reactions caused by bacteria. Second, periodontal therapy and an overview of current biomaterials in periodontal regenerative medicine have been discussed. Third, the roles of state-of-the-art biomaterials, including hydrogels, films, micro/nanofibers and micro/nanoparticles, developed for periodontal disease treatment and periodontal tissue regeneration, and their fabrication methods, have been presented. Finally, biological properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability and immunogenicity of the biomaterials, together with their current applications strategies are given. Conclusive remarks and future perspectives for such advanced biomaterials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthetics , School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , P.R. China .,b Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Xi'an , Shaanxi , P.R. China , and
| | - Guofeng Wu
- a State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthetics , School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , P.R. China .,b Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Xi'an , Shaanxi , P.R. China , and
| | - Zhihong Feng
- a State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthetics , School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , P.R. China .,b Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Xi'an , Shaanxi , P.R. China , and
| | - Yan Dong
- a State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthetics , School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , P.R. China .,b Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Xi'an , Shaanxi , P.R. China , and
| | - Wei Zhou
- a State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthetics , School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , P.R. China .,b Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Xi'an , Shaanxi , P.R. China , and
| | - Bei Li
- b Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Xi'an , Shaanxi , P.R. China , and.,c State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Center for Tissue Engineering , School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , P.R. China
| | - Shizhu Bai
- a State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthetics , School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , P.R. China .,b Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Xi'an , Shaanxi , P.R. China , and
| | - Yimin Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthetics , School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , P.R. China .,b Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Xi'an , Shaanxi , P.R. China , and
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Diniz IMA, Chen C, Xu X, Ansari S, Zadeh HH, Marques MM, Shi S, Moshaverinia A. Pluronic F-127 hydrogel as a promising scaffold for encapsulation of dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:153. [PMID: 25773231 PMCID: PMC4477746 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5493-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provide an advantageous therapeutic option for tissue engineering due to their high accessibility and bioavailability. However, delivering MSCs to defect sites while maintaining a high MSC survival rate is still a critical challenge in MSC-mediated tissue regeneration. Here, we tested the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capacity of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in a thermoreversible Pluronic F127 hydrogel scaffold encapsulation system in vitro. DPSCs were encapsulated in Pluronic (®) F-127 hydrogel and stem cell viability, proliferation and differentiation into adipogenic and osteogenic tissues were evaluated. The degradation profile and swelling kinetics of the hydrogel were also analyzed. Our results confirmed that Pluronic F-127 is a promising and non-toxic scaffold for encapsulation of DPSCs as well as control human bone marrow MSCs (hBMMSCs), yielding high stem cell viability and proliferation. Moreover, after 2 weeks of differentiation in vitro, DPSCs as well as hBMMSCs exhibited high levels of mRNA expression for osteogenic and adipogenic gene markers via PCR analysis. Our histochemical staining further confirmed the ability of Pluronic F-127 to direct the differentiation of these stem cells into osteogenic and adipogenic tissues. Furthermore, our results revealed that Pluronic F-127 has a dense tubular and reticular network morphology, which contributes to its high permeability and solubility, consistent with its high degradability in the tested conditions. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that Pluronic F-127 is a promising scaffold for encapsulation of DPSCs and can be considered for cell delivery purposes in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana M. A. Diniz
- />Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street - CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
- />Restorative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Chider Chen
- />Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street - CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Xingtian Xu
- />Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street - CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Sahar Ansari
- />Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street - CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
- />Laboratory for Immunoregulation and Tissue Engineering (LITE), Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Homayoun H. Zadeh
- />Laboratory for Immunoregulation and Tissue Engineering (LITE), Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Márcia M. Marques
- />Restorative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Songtao Shi
- />Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street - CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Alireza Moshaverinia
- />Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street - CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
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Xiao L, Nasu M. From regenerative dentistry to regenerative medicine: progress, challenges, and potential applications of oral stem cells. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2014; 7:89-99. [PMID: 25506228 PMCID: PMC4260683 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s51009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and epithelial stem cells play essential roles in tissue repair and self-healing. Oral MSCs and epithelial stem cells can be isolated from adult human oral tissues, for example, teeth, periodontal ligament, and gingiva. Cocultivated adult oral epithelial stem cells and MSCs could represent some developmental events, such as epithelial invagination and tubular structure formation, signifying their potentials for tissue regeneration. Oral epithelial stem cells have been used in regenerative medicine over 1 decade. They are able to form a stratified cell sheet under three-dimensional culture conditions. Both experimental and clinical data indicate that the cell sheets can not only safely and effectively reconstruct the damaged cornea in humans, but also repair esophageal ulcer in animal models. Oral MSCs include dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), and mesenchymal stem cells from gingiva (GMSCs). They are widely applied in both regenerative dentistry and medicine. DPSCs, SHED, and SCAP are able to form dentin–pulp complex when being transplanted into immunodeficient animals. They have been experimentally used for the regeneration of dental pulp, neuron, bone muscle and blood vessels in animal models and have shown promising results. PDLSCs and GMSCs are demonstrated to be ideal cell sources for repairing the damaged tissues of periodontal, muscle, and tendon. Despite the abovementioned applications of oral stem cells, only a few human clinical trials are now underway to use them for the treatment of certain diseases. Since clinical use is the end goal, their true regenerative power and safety need to be further examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Nasu
- Research Center, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Isolation and multiple differentiation potential assessment of human gingival mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:20982-96. [PMID: 25405732 PMCID: PMC4264207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151120982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to isolate human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the gingiva (GMSCs) and confirm their multiple differentiation potentials, including the odontogenic lineage. GMSCs, periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and dermal stem cells (DSCs) cultures were analyzed for cell shape, cell cycle, colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) and stem cell markers. Cells were then induced for osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation and analyzed for differentiation markers (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization nodule formation and Runx2, ALP, osteocalcin (OCN) and collagen I expressions for the osteogenic differentiation, and lipid vacuole formation and PPARγ-2 expression for the adipogenic differentiation). Besides, the odontogenic differentiation potential of GMSCs induced with embryonic tooth germ cell-conditioned medium (ETGC-CM) was observed. GMSCs, PDLSCs and DSCs were all stromal origin. PDLSCs showed much higher osteogenic differentiation ability but lower adipogenic differentiation potential than DSCs. GMSCs showed the medial osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potentials between those of PDLSCs and DSCs. GMSCs were capable of expressing the odontogenic genes after ETGC-CM induction. This study provides evidence that GMSCs can be used in tissue engineering/regeneration protocols as an approachable stem cell source.
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