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Kodoth AK, Ghate VM, Lewis SA, Badalamoole V. Application of pectin‑zinc oxide hybrid nanocomposite in the delivery of a hydrophilic drug and a study of its isotherm, kinetics and release mechanism. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:418-430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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52
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Liposome-based immunity-inducing systems for cancer immunotherapy. Mol Immunol 2018; 98:8-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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53
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Wang D, Ding W, Zhou K, Guo S, Zhang Q, Haddleton DM. Coating Titania Nanoparticles with Epoxy-Containing Catechol Polymers via Cu(0)-Living Radical Polymerization as Intelligent Enzyme Carriers. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:2979-2990. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donghao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P.R. China
- Institute of Polymer Ecomaterials, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P.R. China
| | - Wenyi Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P.R. China
- Institute of Polymer Ecomaterials, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P.R. China
| | - Kaiyue Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P.R. China
- Institute of Polymer Ecomaterials, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P.R. China
| | - Shutong Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P.R. China
- Institute of Polymer Ecomaterials, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P.R. China
- Institute of Polymer Ecomaterials, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P.R. China
| | - David M. Haddleton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Li C, Zhang X, Chen Q, Zhang J, Li W, Hu H, Zhao X, Qiao M, Chen D. Synthetic Polymeric Mixed Micelles Targeting Lymph Nodes Trigger Enhanced Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:2874-2889. [PMID: 29285934 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been widely accepted that lymph nodes (LNs) are critical targets of cancer vaccines because antigen presentation and initiation of T-cell-mediated immune responses occur primarily at these locations. In this study, amphiphilic diblock copolymer poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-poly(d,l-lactide) (PEOz-PLA) combined with carboxylterminated-Pluronic F127 was used to construct mixed micelles [carboxylated-nanoparticles (NPs)] for codelivery of antigen ovalbumin (OVA) and Toll-like receptor-7 agonist CL264 (carboxylated-NPs/OVA/CL264) to the LN-resident dendritic cells (DCs). The results showed that the small, sub-60 nm size of the self-assembled mixed micelles enables them to rapidly penetrate into lymphatic vessels and reach draining lymph nodes after subcutaneous injection. Furthermore, the surface modification with carboxylic groups imparted the carboxylated-NPs with endocytic receptor-targeting ability, allowing for DC internalization of carboxylated-NPs/OVA/CL264 via the scavenger receptor-mediated pathway. Because stimulation of CL264 in early endosomes will lead to a more effective immune response than that in late endo/lysosomes, the mass ratio of PEOz-PLA to carboxylated-Pluronic F127 in the mixed micelles was adjusted to release the encapsulated CL264 to the early endosome, resulting in increased expression of costimulatory molecules and secretion of stimulated cytokines by DCs. Moreover, the incorporation of PEOz outside the micellar shell effectively augmented MHC I antigen presentation through facilitating endosome escape and cytosolic release of antigens. This in turn evoked potent immune responses in vivo, including activation of antigen-specific T-cell responses, production of antigen-specific IgG antibodies, and generation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses. Finally, immunization with the codelivery system in E.G7-OVA tumor-bearing mice could not only significantly inhibit tumor growth but also markedly prolong the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Taken together, carboxylated-NPs/OVA/CL264 have demonstrated great potential for clinical applications as an effective antitumor vaccine for further immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Jiulong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Wenpan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Haiyang Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Xiuli Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Mingxi Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Dawei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, PR China
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55
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Yuba E, Osaki T, Ono M, Park S, Harada A, Yamashita M, Azuma K, Tsuka T, Ito N, Imagawa T, Okamoto Y. Bleomycin-Loaded pH-Sensitive Polymer⁻Lipid-Incorporated Liposomes for Cancer Chemotherapy. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10010074. [PMID: 30966109 PMCID: PMC6415073 DOI: 10.3390/polym10010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapeutic systems with high antitumor effects and less adverse effects are eagerly desired. Here, a pH-sensitive delivery system for bleomycin (BLM) was developed using egg yolk phosphatidylcholine liposomes modified with poly(ethylene glycol)-lipid (PEG-PE) for long circulation in the bloodstream and 2-carboxycyclohexane-1-carboxylated polyglycidol-having distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (CHexPG-PE) for pH sensitization. The PEG-PE/CHexPG-PE-introduced liposomes showed content release responding to pH decrease and were taken up by tumor cells at a rate 2.5 times higher than that of liposomes without CHexPG-PE. BLM-loaded PEG-PE/CHexPG-PE-introduced liposomes exhibited comparable cytotoxicity with that of the free drug. Intravenous administration of these liposomes suppressed tumor growth more effectively in tumor-bearing mice than did the free drug and liposomes without CHexPG-PE. However, at a high dosage of BLM, these liposomes showed severe toxicity to the spleen, liver, and lungs, indicating the trapping of liposomes by mononuclear phagocyte systems, probably because of recognition of the carboxylates on the liposomes. An increase in PEG molecular weight on the liposome surface significantly decreased toxicity to the liver and spleen, although toxicity to the lungs remained. Further improvements such as the optimization of PEG density and lipid composition and the introduction of targeting ligands to the liposomes are required to increase therapeutic effects and to reduce adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Yuba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Osaki
- Joint Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
| | - Misato Ono
- Joint Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
| | - Shinjae Park
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Harada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Masamichi Yamashita
- Joint Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Azuma
- Joint Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Tsuka
- Joint Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
| | - Norihiko Ito
- Joint Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Imagawa
- Joint Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
| | - Yoshiharu Okamoto
- Joint Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
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56
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Miyazaki M, Yuba E, Hayashi H, Harada A, Kono K. Hyaluronic Acid-Based pH-Sensitive Polymer-Modified Liposomes for Cell-Specific Intracellular Drug Delivery Systems. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 29:44-55. [PMID: 29183110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For the enhancement of therapeutic effects and reduction of side effects derived from anticancer drugs in cancer chemotherapy, it is imperative to develop drug delivery systems with cancer-specificity and controlled release function inside cancer cells. pH-sensitive liposomes are useful as an intracellular drug delivery system because of their abilities to transfer their contents into the cell interior through fusion or destabilization of endosome, which has weakly acidic environment. We earlier reported liposomes modified with various types of pH-sensitive polymers based on synthetic polymers and biopolymers as vehicles for intracellular drug delivery systems. In this study, hyaluronic acid (HA)-based pH-sensitive polymers were designed as multifunctional polymers having not only pH-sensitivity but also targeting properties to cells expressing CD44, which is known as a cancer cell surface marker. Carboxyl group-introduced HA derivatives of two types, MGlu-HA and CHex-HA, which have a more hydrophobic side chain structure than that of MGlu-HA, were synthesized by reaction with various dicarboxylic anhydrides. These polymer-modified liposomes were stable at neutral pH, but showed content release under weakly acidic conditions. CHex-HA-modified liposomes delivered their contents into CD44-expressing cells more efficiently than HA-modified or MGlu-HA-modified liposomes or unmodified liposomes, whereas the same liposomes were taken up only slightly by cells expressing CD44 proteins less. Competition assay using free HA or other polymers revealed that HA derivative-modified liposomes might be recognized by CD44. Therefore, HA-derivative-modified liposomes are useful as cell-specific intracellular drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Miyazaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University , 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Eiji Yuba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University , 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hayashi
- Science Lin Co., Ltd. , 1-1-35 Nishiawaji, Higashiyodogawa-Ku, Osaka, Osaka 533-0031, Japan
| | - Atsushi Harada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University , 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kenji Kono
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University , 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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57
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Yuba E, Sakaguchi N, Kanda Y, Miyazaki M, Koiwai K. pH-Responsive Micelle-Based Cytoplasmic Delivery System for Induction of Cellular Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2017; 5:vaccines5040041. [PMID: 29113042 PMCID: PMC5748608 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines5040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Cytoplasmic delivery of antigens is crucial for the induction of cellular immunity, which is an important immune response for the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. To date, fusogenic protein-incorporated liposomes and pH-responsive polymer-modified liposomes have been used to achieve cytoplasmic delivery of antigen via membrane rupture or fusion with endosomes. However, a more versatile cytoplasmic delivery system is desired for practical use. For this study, we developed pH-responsive micelles composed of dilauroyl phosphatidylcholine (DLPC) and deoxycholic acid and investigated their cytoplasmic delivery performance and immunity-inducing capability. (2) Methods: Interaction of micelles with fluorescence dye-loaded liposomes, intracellular distribution of micelles, and antigenic proteins were observed. Finally, antigen-specific cellular immune response was evaluated in vivo using ELIspot assay. (3) Results: Micelles induced leakage of contents from liposomes via lipid mixing at low pH. Micelles were taken up by dendritic cells mainly via macropinocytosis and delivered ovalbumin (OVA) into the cytosol. After intradermal injection of micelles and OVA, OVA-specific cellular immunity was induced in the spleen. (4) Conclusions: pH-responsive micelles composed of DLPC and deoxycholic acid are promising as enhancers of cytosol delivery of antigens and the induction capability of cellular immunity for the treatment of cancer immunotherapy and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Yuba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan.
| | | | - Yuhei Kanda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan.
| | - Maiko Miyazaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan.
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58
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Development of pH-sensitive Dextran Derivatives with Strong Adjuvant Function and Their Application to Antigen Delivery. MEMBRANES 2017; 7:membranes7030041. [PMID: 28777336 PMCID: PMC5618126 DOI: 10.3390/membranes7030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To achieve efficient cancer immunotherapy, the induction of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-based cellular immunity is necessary. In order to induce cellular immunity, antigen carriers that can deliver antigen into cytosol of antigen presenting cells and can activate these cells are required. We previously developed 3-methyl glutarylated dextran (MGlu-Dex) for cytoplasmic delivery of antigen via membrane disruption ability at weakly acidic pH in endosome/lysosomes. MGlu-Dex-modified liposomes delivered model antigens into cytosol of dendritic cells and induced antigen-specific cellular immunity. However, their antitumor effects were not enough to complete the regression of the tumor. In this study, antigen delivery performance of dextran derivatives was improved by the introduction of more hydrophobic spacer groups next to carboxyl groups. 2-Carboxycyclohexane-1-carboxylated dextran (CHex-Dex) was newly synthesized as pH-responsive dextran derivative. CHex-Dex formed stronger hydrophobic domains at extremely weak acidic pH and destabilized lipid membrane more efficiently than MGlu-Dex. CHex-Dex-modified liposomes were taken up by dendritic cells 10 times higher than MGlu-Dex-modified liposomes and delivered model antigen into cytosol. Furthermore, CHex-Dex achieved 600 times higher IL-12 production from dendritic cells than MGlu-Dex. Therefore, CHex-Dex is promising as multifunctional polysaccharide having both cytoplasmic antigen delivery function and strong activation property of dendritic cells for induction of cellular immunity.
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59
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Wu C, Wang X, Wang J, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Wang Y, Tang S. Tile-based self-assembly of a triple-helical polysaccharide into cell wall-like mesoporous nanocapsules. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:9938-9945. [PMID: 28681900 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02801f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tile-based self-assembly is a robust system in the construction of three-dimensional DNA nanostructures but it has been rarely applied to other helical biopolymers. β-Glucan is an immunoactive natural polymer which exists in a triple helical conformation. Herein, we report that β-glucan, after modification using two types of short chain acyl groups, can self-assemble into tiles with inactivated sticky ends at the interface of two solvents. These tiles consist of a single layer of helices laterally aligned, and the sticky ends can be activated when a few acyl groups at the ends are removed; these tiles can further pack into mesoporous nanocapsules, in a similar process as the sticky DNA tiles pack into complex polyhedral nano-objects. These nanocapsules were found to have targeted effects to antigen presenting cells in a RAW264.7 cell model. Our study suggests that tile-based self-assembly can be a general strategy for helical biopolymers, and on fully exploiting this strategy, various new functional nanostructures will become accessible in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxi Wu
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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60
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Chen J, Ouyang J, Chen Q, Deng C, Meng F, Zhang J, Cheng R, Lan Q, Zhong Z. EGFR and CD44 Dual-Targeted Multifunctional Hyaluronic Acid Nanogels Boost Protein Delivery to Ovarian and Breast Cancers In Vitro and In Vivo. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:24140-24147. [PMID: 28675028 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein drugs with intracellular targets like Granzyme B (GrB) have demonstrated great proliferative inhibition activity in cancer cells. Their clinical translation, however, relies on the development of safe, efficient, and selective protein-delivery vehicles. Here, we report that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and CD44 dual-targeted multifunctional hyaluronic acid nanogels (EGFR/CD44-NGs) boost protein delivery to ovarian and breast cancers in vitro and in vivo. EGFR/CD44-NGs obtained via nanoprecipitation and photoclick chemistry from hyaluronic acid derivatives with tetrazole, GE11 peptide/tetrazole, and cystamine methacrylate groups had nearly quantitative loading of therapeutic proteins like cytochrome C (CC) and GrB, a small size of ca. 165 nm, excellent stability in serum, and fast protein release under a reductive condition. Flow cytometry assays showed that EGFR/CD44-NGs exhibited over 6-fold better uptake in CD44 and EGFR-positive SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells than CD44-NGs. In accordance, GrB-loaded EGFR/CD44-NGs (GrB-EGFR/CD44-NGs) displayed enhanced caspase activity and growth inhibition in SKOV-3 cells as compared to GrB-loaded CD44-NGs (GrB-CD44-NGs) control. Intriguingly, the therapeutic studies in SKOV-3 human ovarian carcinoma and MDA-MB-231 human breast tumor xenografted in nude mice revealed that GrB-EGFR/CD44-NGs at a low dose of 3.85 nmol GrB equiv/kg induced nearly complete growth suppression of both tumors, which was obviously more effective than GrB-CD44-NGs, without causing any adverse effects. EGFR and CD44 dual-targeted multifunctional hyaluronic acid nanogels have appeared as a safe and efficacious platform for cancer protein therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Ouyang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qijun Chen
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Deng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghua Meng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Cheng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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