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Development of PET and SPECT probes for glutamate receptors. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:716514. [PMID: 25874256 PMCID: PMC4385697 DOI: 10.1155/2015/716514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
l-Glutamate and its receptors (GluRs) play a key role in excitatory neurotransmission within the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Impaired regulation of GluRs has also been implicated in various neurological disorders. GluRs are classified into two major groups: ionotropic GluRs (iGluRs), which are ligand-gated ion channels, and metabotropic GluRs (mGluRs), which are coupled to heterotrimeric guanosine nucleotide binding proteins (G-proteins). Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of GluRs could provide a novel view of CNS function and of a range of brain disorders, potentially leading to the development of new drug therapies. Although no satisfactory imaging agents have yet been developed for iGluRs, several PET ligands for mGluRs have been successfully employed in clinical studies. This paper reviews current progress towards the development of PET and SPECT probes for GluRs.
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Müller Herde A, Keller C, Milicevic Sephton S, Mu L, Schibli R, Ametamey SM, Krämer SD. Quantitative positron emission tomography of mGluR5 in rat brain with [18
F]PSS232 at minimal invasiveness and reduced model complexity. J Neurochem 2015; 133:330-42. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Müller Herde
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences (D-CHAB); ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Claudia Keller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences (D-CHAB); ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Selena Milicevic Sephton
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences (D-CHAB); ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Linjing Mu
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ; Department of Nuclear Medicine; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Roger Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences (D-CHAB); ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ; Department of Nuclear Medicine; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Simon M. Ametamey
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences (D-CHAB); ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Stefanie D. Krämer
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences (D-CHAB); ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
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Farahani BV, Bardajee GR, Rajabi FH, Hooshyar Z. Molecular Docking and Spectroscopic Study on the Interaction of Serum Albumin with Iron(III) Diamine Sarcophagine. Aust J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/ch14485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Iron(iii) diamine sarcophagine (DiAmsar) has attracted great attention in biological and medical applications. In particular, for any potential in vivo application, knowledge about the interaction of iron(iii) DiAmsar with serum albumin is crucial. As a step towards the elucidation of the fate of iron(iii) DiAmsar introduced into an organism, first, iron(iii) DiAmsar was synthesised and characterised. In the next step, interactions of iron(iii) DiAmsar with human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were systematically investigated by various spectroscopic methods (Fourier-transform infrared, UV-visible, fluorescence) and cyclic voltammetry and molecular docking techniques under simulated physiological conditions. The fluorescence intensities of HSA and BSA decreased remarkably with increasing concentration of iron(iii) DiAmsar. The Stern–Volmer quenching constant KSV at different temperatures and corresponding thermodynamic parameters such as ΔHo, ΔGo, and ΔSo were calculated. The binding distance of iron(iii) DiAmsar with HSA and BSA was also determined using the theory of fluorescence energy transfer. Further, the conformational changes of HSA and BSA induced by iron(iii) DiAmsar were analysed by means of Fourier-transform (FT)-IR. In addition, molecular docking was performed to explore the possible binding sites and the microenvironment conditions around the bound iron(iii) DiAmsar.
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Contoreggi C. Corticotropin releasing hormone and imaging, rethinking the stress axis. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 42:323-39. [PMID: 25573209 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The stress system provides integration of both neurochemical and somatic physiologic functions within organisms as an adaptive mechanism to changing environmental conditions throughout evolution. In mammals and primates the complexity and sophistication of these systems have surpassed other species in triaging neurochemical and physiologic signaling to maximize chances of survival. Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) and its related peptides and receptors have been identified over the last three decades and are fundamental molecular initiators of the stress response. They are crucial in the top down regulatory cascade over a myriad of neurochemical, neuroendocrine and sympathetic nervous system events. From neuroscience, we've seen that stress activation impacts behavior, endocrine and somatic physiology and influences neurochemical events that one can capture in real time with current imaging technologies. To delineate these effects one can demonstrate how the CRH neuronal networks infiltrate critical cognitive, emotive and autonomic regions of the central nervous system (CNS) with somatic effects. Abundant preclinical and clinical studies show inter-regulatory actions of CRH with multiple neurotransmitters/peptides. Stress, both acute and chronic has epigenetic effects which magnify genetic susceptibilities to alter neurochemistry; stress system activation can add critical variables in design and interpretation of basic and clinical neuroscience and related research. This review will attempt to provide an overview of the spectrum of known functions and speculative actions of CRH and stress responses in light of imaging technology and its interpretation. Metabolic and neuroreceptor positron emission/single photon tomography (PET/SPECT), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), anatomic MRI, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (pMRS) are technologies that can delineate basic mechanisms of neurophysiology and pharmacology. Stress modulates the myriad of neurochemical and networks within and controlled through the central and peripheral nervous system and the effects of stress activation on imaging will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Contoreggi
- Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, 21224.
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Milella MS, Marengo L, Larcher K, Fotros A, Dagher A, Rosa-Neto P, Benkelfat C, Leyton M. Limbic system mGluR5 availability in cocaine dependent subjects: a high-resolution PET [(11)C]ABP688 study. Neuroimage 2014; 98:195-202. [PMID: 24795154 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine self-administration decreases type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR5) tissue concentrations in laboratory rats during early abstinence. These changes are thought to influence the drug's reinforcing properties and the ability of drug-related cues to induce relapse. Here, our goal was to measure brain regional mGluR5 availability in recently abstinent cocaine dependent humans. Participants meeting DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for current cocaine dependence (n=9) were recruited from the general population. mGluR5 availability (binding potential, non-displaceable; BPND) was measured with high-resolution positron emission tomography (PET HRRT) and [(11)C]ABP688. Compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n=9), cocaine dependent subjects showed significantly lower BPND values in the ventral (bilateral: -28.2%, p=0.011), associative (right: -21.4%, p=0.043), and sensorimotor striatum (bilateral: -21.7%, p=0.045), amygdala (left: -26%, p=0.046) and insula (right: -23.3%, p=0.041). Among the cocaine users, receptor availabilities were related to abstinence (range: 2 to 14days). The longer the duration of abstinence, the lower the BPND values in the sensorimotor striatum (r=-0.71, p=0.034), left amygdala (r=-0.73, p=0.026) and right insula (r=-0.67, p=0.046). Compared to healthy controls, BPND values were significantly reduced in those who tested negative for cocaine on the PET test session in the ventral (p=0.018) and sensorimotor striatum (p=0.017), left amygdala (p=0.008), and right insula (p=0.029), but not in those who tested positive. Together, these results provide evidence of time-related mGluR5 alterations in striatal and limbic regions in humans during early cocaine abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Milella
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - L Marengo
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - K Larcher
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - A Fotros
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - A Dagher
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - P Rosa-Neto
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Douglas Research Institute, Montreal H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - C Benkelfat
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A1, Canada; Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - M Leyton
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A1, Canada; Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada; Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal H4B 1R6, Canada.
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Abstract
Neuroimaging, including PET, MRI, and MRS, is a powerful approach to the study of brain function. This article reviews neuroimaging findings related to alcohol and other drugs of abuse that have been published since 2011. Uses of neuroimaging are to characterize patients to determine who will fare better in treatment and to investigate the reasons underlying the effect on outcomes. Neuroimaging is also used to characterize the acute and chronic effects of substances on the brain and how those effects are related to dependence, relapse, and other drug effects. The data can be used to provide encouraging information for patients, as several studies have shown that long-term abstinence is associated with at least partial normalization of neurological abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Niciu
- National Institutes of Health and Department of Health and Human Services, Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, 10 Center Dr., Building 10/CRC, Room 7-5545, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Graeme F Mason
- Yale University Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, USA
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