Lu Z, Fan L, Zheng H, Lu Q, Liao Y, Huang B. Preparation, characterization and optimization of nanocellulose whiskers by simultaneously ultrasonic wave and microwave assisted.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013;
146:82-88. [PMID:
23916980 DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.047]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneously ultrasonic wave and microwave assisted technique (SUMAT), as a method of process intensification, was first applied to the preparation of nanocellulose whiskers (NCWs) from filter paper by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. The effects of temperature, sulfuric acid concentration, and mass of raw material and time on the yield of NCWs were investigated by single-factor experiments, and the preparation conditions were optimized with response surface methodology. The obtained NCWs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermal gravimetry. The results showed NCWs were facilely prepared by using SUMAT. However, some harsh reaction conditions such as high temperature, strong acidity and long time treatment easily induced the reduction of the yield of NCWs. Under the optimal conditions, the yield and the crystallinity of NCWs with the crystal form of cellulose Iα is 85.75% and 80%, respectively.
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