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In situ groundwater and sediment bioremediation: barriers and perspectives at European contaminated sites. N Biotechnol 2015; 32:133-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Tice RC, Kim Y. Energy efficient reconcentration of diluted human urine using ion exchange membranes in bioelectrochemical systems. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 64:61-72. [PMID: 25046373 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nutrients can be recovered from source separated human urine; however, nutrient reconcentration (i.e., volume reduction of collected urine) requires energy-intensive treatment processes, making it practically difficult to utilize human urine. In this study, energy-efficient nutrient reconcentration was demonstrated using ion exchange membranes (IEMs) in a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) where substrate oxidation at the MEC anode provides energy for the separation of nutrient ions (e.g., NH4(+), HPO4(2-)). The rate of nutrient separation was magnified with increasing number of IEM pairs and electric voltage application (Eap). Ammonia and phosphate were reconcentrated from diluted human urine by a factor of up to 4.5 and 3.0, respectively (Eap = 1.2 V; 3-IEM pairs). The concentrating factor increased with increasing degrees of volume reduction, but it remained stationary when the volume ratio between the diluate (urine solution that is diluted in the IEM stack) and concentrate (urine solution that is reconcentrated) was 6 or greater. The energy requirement normalized by the mass of nutrient reconcentrated was 6.48 MJ/kg-N (1.80 kWh/kg-N) and 117.6 MJ/kg-P (32.7 kWh/kg-P). In addition to nutrient separation, the examined MEC reactor with three IEM pairs showed 54% removal of COD (chemical oxygen demand) in 47-hr batch operation. The high sulfate concentration in human urine resulted in substantial growth of both of acetate-oxidizing and H2-oxidizing sulfate reducing bacteria, greatly diminishing the energy recovery and Coulombic efficiency. However, the high microbial activity of sulfate reducing bacteria hardly affected the rate of nutrient reconcentration. With the capability to reconcentrate nutrients at a minimal energy consumption and simultaneous COD removal, the examined bioelectrochemical treatment method with an IEM application has a potential for practical nutrient recovery and sustainable treatment of source-separated human urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Tice
- Department of Civil Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Younggy Kim
- Department of Civil Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
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Luo H, Fu S, Liu G, Zhang R, Bai Y, Luo X. Autotrophic biocathode for high efficient sulfate reduction in microbial electrolysis cells. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 167:462-468. [PMID: 25006022 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to utilize the biocathode microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) for sulfate removal from wastewater. Experiments were conducted using the two-chambered MEC under fed-batch and continuous flow modes, respectively, with different cathode potentials. With the fed-batch operation, the average reductive rate of sulfate was 0.49 mg d(-1) and the sulfide concentration increased to 3.1 ± 0.7 mg L(-1) in the catholyte. Sulfate removal rate and electron production rate in the continuous flow mode were 49% and 11 times higher than in the fed-batch mode. With cathode potentials from -0.6 to -1.0 V, electron recovery efficiencies ranged from 5.3% to 50% with the maximum obtained at -0.8 V. The maximum sulfate removal efficiency of (39 ± 9.2)% was achieved at -0.9 V. This study suggests the MEC can be a valuable alternative to remove sulfate in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Luo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Shiyu Fu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Guangli Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China.
| | - Renduo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Yaoping Bai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Xiaonan Luo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
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Moreno L, Nemati M, Predicala B. Biokinetic evaluation of fatty acids degradation in microbial fuel cell type bioreactors. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 38:25-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhang Y, Angelidaki I. Microbial electrolysis cells turning to be versatile technology: recent advances and future challenges. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 56:11-25. [PMID: 24631941 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) are an electricity-mediated microbial bioelectrochemical technology, which is originally developed for high-efficiency biological hydrogen production from waste streams. Compared to traditional biological technologies, MECs can overcome thermodynamic limitations and achieve high-yield hydrogen production from wide range of organic matters at relatively mild conditions. This approach greatly reduces the electric energy cost for hydrogen production in contrast to direct water electrolysis. In addition to hydrogen production, MECs may also support several energetically unfavorable biological/chemical reactions. This unique advantage of MECs has led to several alternative applications such as chemicals synthesis, recalcitrant pollutants removal, resources recovery, bioelectrochemical research platform and biosensors, which have greatly broaden the application scopes of MECs. MECs are becoming a versatile platform technology and offer a new solution for emerging environmental issues related to waste streams treatment and energy and resource recovery. Different from previous reviews that mainly focus on hydrogen production, this paper provides an up-to-date review of all the new applications of MECs and their resulting performance, current challenges and prospects of future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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Microbial fuel cells for direct electrical energy recovery from urban wastewaters. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:634738. [PMID: 24453885 PMCID: PMC3881690 DOI: 10.1155/2013/634738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) to wastewater treatment for direct recovery of electric energy appears to provide a potentially attractive alternative to traditional treatment processes, in an optic of costs reduction, and tapping of sustainable energy sources that characterizes current trends in technology. This work focuses on a laboratory-scale, air-cathode, and single-chamber MFC, with internal volume of 6.9 L, operating in batch mode. The MFC was fed with different types of substrates. This study evaluates the MFC behaviour, in terms of organic matter removal efficiency, which reached 86% (on average) with a hydraulic retention time of 150 hours. The MFC produced an average power density of 13.2 mW/m3, with a Coulombic efficiency ranging from 0.8 to 1.9%. The amount of data collected allowed an accurate analysis of the repeatability of MFC electrochemical behaviour, with regards to both COD removal kinetics and electric energy production.
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