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Wang H, Pu Y, Ragauskas A, Yang B. From lignin to valuable products-strategies, challenges, and prospects. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 271:449-461. [PMID: 30266464 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of effective approaches for the valorization of lignin to valuable products attracts broad interests of a growing scientific community. By fully unlocking the potential of the world's most abundant resource of bio-aromatics, it could improve the profitability and carbon efficiency of the entire biorefinery process, thus accelerate the replacement of fossil resources with bioresources in our society. The successful realization of this goal depends on the development of technologies to overcome the following challenges, including: 1) efficient biomass pretreatment and lignin separation technologies that overcomes its diverse structure and complex chemistry challenges to obtain high purity lignin; 2) advanced chemical analysis for precise quantitative characterization of the lignin in chemical transformation processes; 3) novel approaches for conversion of biomass-derived lignin to valuable products. This review summarizes the latest cutting-edge innovations of lignin chemical valorization with the focus on the aforementioned three key aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Wang
- Bioproducts, Sciences, and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, USA; Center of Biomass Engineering/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Joint Institute of Biological Science, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Arthur Ragauskas
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Joint Institute of Biological Science, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering & Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Bin Yang
- Bioproducts, Sciences, and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, USA; Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
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Ma C, Laaksonen A, Liu C, Lu X, Ji X. The peculiar effect of water on ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:8685-8720. [PMID: 30298877 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00325d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been suggested as eco-friendly alternatives to organic solvents. A trace amount of water is often unavoidable as impurity, and water is also added on purpose to reduce their problematically high viscosity and lower their high price. Understanding the distinct effects of water on the properties of ILs/DESs is highly important. In this review, we collect published experimental and theoretical results for IL/DES-H2O systems at varied water concentrations and analyze them. Results from mechanistic studies, thermodynamic modelling and advanced experiments are collected and critically discussed. Six commonly studied IL/DES-H2O systems were selected to map experimental observations onto microscopic results obtained in mechanistic studies. A great variety of distinct contours of the excess properties can be observed over the entire compositional range, indicating that the properties of IL/DES-H2O systems are highly unpredictable. Mechanistic studies clearly demonstrate that the added H2O rapidly changes the heterogeneous 3D structures of pure ILs/DESs, leading to very different properties and behaviour. There are similarities between aqueous electrolytes and IL/DES solutions but the bulky and asymmetric organic cations in ILs/DESs do not conform to the standard salt dissolution and hydration concepts. Thermodynamic modelling previously assumes ILs/DESs to be either a neutral ion-pair or completely dissociated ions, neglecting specific ion hydration effects. A new conceptual framework is suggested for thermodynamic modelling of IL/DES-H2O binary systems to enable new technologies for their practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Ma
- Energy Engineering, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, 971 87, Sweden.
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Satlewal A, Agrawal R, Bhagia S, Sangoro J, Ragauskas AJ. Natural deep eutectic solvents for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment: Recent developments, challenges and novel opportunities. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:2032-2050. [PMID: 30193965 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fuels and chemicals has attracted immense research and development around the world. Lowering recalcitrance of biomass in a cost-effective manner is a challenge to commercialize biomass-based technologies. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are new 'green' solvents that have a high potential for biomass processing because of their low cost, low toxicity, biodegradability, easy recycling and reuse. This article discusses the properties of DESs and recent advances in their application for lignocellulosic biomass processing. The effectiveness of DESs in hydrolyzing lignin-carbohydrate complexes, removing lignin/hemicellulose from biomass as well as their effect on biomass deconstruction, crystallinity and enzymatic digestibility have been discussed. Moreover, this review presents recent findings on the compatibility of natural DESs with enzymes and microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Satlewal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), TN 37831, USA; Department of Bioenergy, DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Research and Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd, Faridabad, Haryana 121007, India
| | - Ruchi Agrawal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Department of Bioenergy, DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Research and Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd, Faridabad, Haryana 121007, India
| | - Samarthya Bhagia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Joshua Sangoro
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), TN 37831, USA; Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee, Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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Huang C, Zhao C, Li H, Xiong L, Chen X, Luo M, Chen X. Comparison of different pretreatments on the synergistic effect of cellulase and xylanase during the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse. RSC Adv 2018; 8:30725-30731. [PMID: 35548762 PMCID: PMC9085517 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05047c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) substrates with different chemical compositions were prepared by different pretreatments including dilute acid (DA), acidic sodium chlorite (ASC), alkali solution (AS), and alkali hydrogen peroxide (AHP). The compositions and chemical structures of pretreated SCB were characterized by HPLC, FTIR, XRD, and SEM. The addition of xylanase can significantly boost cellulase to hydrolyze cellulose and xylan especially for AS and AHP treated substrates. The obvious linear relationships between lignin removal and substrate digestibility were observed. ASC treated substrates obtained the highest digestibility (98.87%) of cellulose due to sufficiently removing lignin from SCB, whereas AHP treated substrates achieved the highest digestibility (84.61%) of xylan by cleaving the acetyl group on xylan and extending delignification. It was found that the synergistic effects between cellulase and xylanase were substrate and time specific. The better degree of synergy for the sugar production was in the initial hydrolysis stage but decreased in the later hydrolysis stage. The synergistic effects between cellulase and xylanase were substrate and time specific during the hydrolysis of pretreated SCB.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510640
- People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510640
- People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Hailong Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510640
- People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy
| | - Lian Xiong
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510640
- People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy
| | - Xuefang Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510640
- People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy
| | - Mutan Luo
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510640
- People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xinde Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510640
- People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy
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