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Zhang C, Zhang Q, Dong S, Zhou D. Could co-substrate sodium acetate simultaneously promote Chlorella to degrade amoxicillin and produce bioresources? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 417:126147. [PMID: 34229410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Integrating microalgae culture and wastewater purification is a promising technology for sustainable bioresource production. However, the challenge is that toxins in wastewater usually limit risk elimination and cause poor bioresource production. Easy-to-biodegrade substrates could alleviate the resistant stress on a bacterial community but we know little about how they function with microalgae. In this study, we tested if Easy-to-biodegrade substrates could simultaneously promote Chlorella to degrade antibiotic amoxicillin (AMO) and produce bioresources. Sodium acetate (NaAC) was used as the representative co-substrate. The results showed NaAC could enhance AMO removal by 76%. The β-lactam structure was destroyed and detoxified to small molecules, due to the up-regulation of hydrolase, oxidoreductase, reductase, and transferase. Chlorella biomass production increased by 36%. The genes encoding the glutathione metabolism and peroxisome pathways were significantly up-regulated to alleviate the antibiotic stress, and the DNA replication pathway was activated. As a result, the production of lipid, carbohydrate, and protein was enhanced by 61%, 122%, and 34%, respectively. This study provides new insights for using microalgae to recover bioresources from toxic wastewater and reveals the critical underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongjun Zhang
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery of Jilin Province, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Qifeng Zhang
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery of Jilin Province, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Shuangshi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Dandan Zhou
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery of Jilin Province, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China.
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52
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Xiang Q, Wei X, Yang Z, Xie T, Zhang Y, Li D, Pan X, Liu X, Zhang X, Yao C. Acclimation to a broad range of nitrate strength on a euryhaline marine microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis for photosynthetic nitrate removal and high-quality biomass production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 781:146687. [PMID: 33812104 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Industrial wastewaters usually possess a wide range of nitrate strength. Microalgae-based nitrate-rich wastewater treatment could realize nitrate recovery along with CO2 sequestration for sustainable biomass production, but the low tolerance of the microalgal strains to high-strength nitrate restricted the treatment process. The present study comprehensively evaluated a euryhaline marine microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis for photosynthetic nitrate removal and biomass production in synthetic wastewater with a broad range of nitrate strength (0.24-7.0 g NO3--N/L). This alga could acclimate to high nitrate strength up to 3.5 g NO3--N/L (HN) without compromising biomass production. Nitrate could be completely removed within four days when low nitrate (0.24 g NO3--N/L, LN) was loaded. The maximum nitrate removal rate of 331 mg N/L/day and specific nitrate removal rate of 360 mg N/day/g cell was obtained under medium nitrate condition (1.8 g NO3--N/L, MN). High-nitrate stress under 7.0 g NO3--N/L (SHN) caused an increased light energy dissipation while decreased the density of photosystem II active reaction center, which partially protect the cells from photodamage and contributed to their acclimation to SHN. The algae also enhanced amino acid/fatty acid proportions essential for maintaining intracellular redox states to cope with the stress caused by LN or SHN. HN and SHN was in favor of protein accumulation and maintenance with enhanced proportion of essential amino acids, which entitled the algal biomass to be of high quality for animal feed applied in livestock graziery and aquaculture. LN facilitated productive starch and lipid accumulation with good quality for biofuels production. The nitrate removal rate and biomass productivity exceeded most of the microalgae reported in literature under similar conditions, which highlighted Tetraselmis subcordiformis as a potent strain for flexible nitrate-rich wastewater remediation coupled with fast CO2 bio-mitigation and high-quality biomass production for sustainable algal biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Xiaolong Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Zezhou Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Tonghui Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yongkui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Defu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Xuerong Pan
- Science and Technology on Reactor Fuel and Materials Laboratory, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610213, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Science and Technology on Reactor Fuel and Materials Laboratory, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610213, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Science and Technology on Reactor Fuel and Materials Laboratory, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610213, China
| | - Changhong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
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53
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Abstract
In recent years, there has been considerable interest in using microalgal lipids in the food, chemical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Several microalgal species can accumulate appreciable lipid quantities and therefore are characterized as oleaginous. In cosmetic formulations, lipids and their derivatives are one of the main ingredients. Different lipid classes are great moisturizing, emollient, and softening agents, work as surfactants and emulsifiers, give consistence to products, are color and fragrance carriers, act as preservatives to maintain products integrity, and can be part of the molecules delivery system. In the past, chemicals have been widely used but today’s market and customers’ demands are oriented towards natural products. Microalgae are an extraordinary source of lipids and other many bioactive molecules. Scientists’ attention to microalgae cultivation for their industrial application is increasing. For the high costs associated, commercialization of microalgae and their products is still not very widespread. The possibility to use biomass for various industrial purposes could make microalgae more economically competitive.
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54
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Enhancing carbohydrate repartitioning into lipid and carotenoid by disruption of microalgae starch debranching enzyme. Commun Biol 2021; 4:450. [PMID: 33837247 PMCID: PMC8035404 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01976-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Light/dark cycling is an inherent condition of outdoor microalgae cultivation, but is often unfavorable for lipid accumulation. This study aims to identify promising targets for metabolic engineering of improved lipid accumulation under outdoor conditions. Consequently, the lipid-rich mutant Chlamydomonas sp. KOR1 was developed through light/dark-conditioned screening. During dark periods with depressed CO2 fixation, KOR1 shows rapid carbohydrate degradation together with increased lipid and carotenoid contents. KOR1 was subsequently characterized with extensive mutation of the ISA1 gene encoding a starch debranching enzyme (DBE). Dynamic time-course profiling and metabolomics reveal dramatic changes in KOR1 metabolism throughout light/dark cycles. During light periods, increased flux from CO2 through glycolytic intermediates is directly observed to accompany enhanced formation of small starch-like particles, which are then efficiently repartitioned in the next dark cycle. This study demonstrates that disruption of DBE can improve biofuel production under light/dark conditions, through accelerated carbohydrate repartitioning into lipid and carotenoid.
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55
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Qu D, Miao X. Carbon flow conversion induces alkali resistance and lipid accumulation under alkaline conditions based on transcriptome analysis in Chlorella sp. BLD. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 265:129046. [PMID: 33261840 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline environments are abundant globally and cause damage to most organisms, while some microalgae can grow well and accumulate lipids under those conditions. Here the mechanisms of alkali resistance and lipid accumulation in the alkaliphilic microalgae Chlorella sp. BLD were explored using physiological-biochemical and transcriptome analysis. When cultivated at alkaline pH, Chlorella sp. BLD exhibited good alkali-resistance ability and increased biomass (0.97 g L-1). The biochemical composition of Chlorella sp. BLD changed significantly (lipid content increased 39% and protein content decreased 19.5%) compared with pH 7.5. Through transcriptome analysis, we found that pathways related to carbon metabolism such as photosynthesis, glycolysis, and the TCA cycle were significantly regulated under alkaline conditions. Genes that encoding the key enzyme in carbon-related metabolism such as Rubisco, AMY, PK, ME, CS, ACAT, KAS, and DGAT were identified. Transcriptional regulation of these genes results in carbon flow switching from starch and protein to cell wall metabolism, organic acid synthetic and lipid accumulation in response to alkaline conditions. These results reveal the alkali resistance mechanism of Chlorella sp. BLD and provide a theoretical basis for microalgae oil production under alkaline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehui Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaoling Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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56
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Salakkam A, Sittijunda S, Mamimin C, Phanduang O, Reungsang A. Valorization of microalgal biomass for biohydrogen generation: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 322:124533. [PMID: 33348113 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Third generation biomass, i.e. microalgae, has emerged as a promising alternative to first and second generation biomass for biohydrogen production. However, its utilization is still low at present, due to several reasons including the strong and rigidity of the microalgal cell wall that limit the hydrolysis efficiency during dark fermentation (DF) and photofermentation (PF) processes. To improve the utilization efficiency of microalgal biomass, it is crucial that important aspects related to the production of the biomass and the following processes are elaborated. Thus, this article provides detailed overview of algal strains, cultivation, and harvesting. It also presents recent research and detailed information on microalgal biomass pretreatment, and biohydrogen production through DF, PF, and co-digestion of microalgal biomass with organic materials. Furthermore, factors affecting fermentation processes performance and the use of molecular techniques in biohydrogen production are presented. This review also discusses challenges and future prospects towards biohydrogen production from microalgal biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apilak Salakkam
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sureewan Sittijunda
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Chonticha Mamimin
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Orawan Phanduang
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Alissara Reungsang
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Research Group for Development of Microbial Hydrogen Production Process from Biomass, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Academy of Science, Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand.
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57
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Liu X, Wang M, Zhang J, Wei L, Cheng H. Immobilization altering the growth behavior, ammonium uptake and amino acid synthesis of Chlorella vulgaris at different concentrations of carbon and nitrogen. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 320:124438. [PMID: 33246797 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen recycling by microalgae has aroused considerable attention. In this study, immobilized Chlorellavulgaris with 5-day mixotrophic cultivation to recover ammonium (NH4+-N) were systematically investigated under various sodium acetate (CH3COONa) and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) concentrations, and evaluated by comparison with suspended cells. The results revealed that, unlike suspended cells, NH4+-N uptake by immobilized cells was not in direct proportion to chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations. The immobilized cells to NH4+-N uptake was all inferior to that of suspended cells, presenting the maximum rate of 68.92% in group of 30 mg/L NH4+-N and 200 mg/L COD. Free amino acids in immobilized cells such as glutamate (Glu), arginine (Arg), proline (Pro) and leucine (Leu) were more sensitive to NH4+-N assimilation, as higher values observed by suspended cells. Low carbon-nitrogen (C/N) ratio showed remarkable benefits to amino acid synthesis. These results could provide a reference for manipulating the algal system and biomass accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Min Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Lin Wei
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Haomiao Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
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58
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Assunção J, Malcata FX. Enclosed “non-conventional” photobioreactors for microalga production: A review. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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59
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Improving ‘Lipid Productivity’ in Microalgae by Bilateral Enhancement of Biomass and Lipid Contents: A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12219083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae have received widespread interest owing to their potential in biofuel production. However, economical microalgal biomass production is conditioned by enhancing the lipid accumulation without decreasing growth rate or by increasing both simultaneously. While extensive investigation has been performed on promoting the economic feasibility of microalgal-based biofuel production that aims to increase the productivity of microalgae species, only a handful of them deal with increasing lipid productivity (based on lipid contents and growth rate) in the feedstock production process. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the recent advances and novel approaches in promoting lipid productivity (depends on biomass and lipid contents) in feedstock production from strain selection to after-harvesting stages. The current study comprises two parts. In the first part, bilateral improving biomass/lipid production will be investigated in upstream measures, including strain selection, genetic engineering, and cultivation stages. In the second part, the enhancement of lipid productivity will be discussed in the downstream measure included in the harvesting and after-harvesting stages. An integrated approach involving the strategies for increasing lipid productivity in up- and down-stream measures can be a breakthrough approach that would promote the commercialization of market-driven microalgae-derived biofuel production.
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60
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Maia JLD, Cardoso JS, Mastrantonio DJDS, Bierhals CK, Moreira JB, Costa JAV, Morais MGD. Microalgae starch: A promising raw material for the bioethanol production. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:2739-2749. [PMID: 33470200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol is currently the most successful biofuel and can be produced from microalgal biomass (third-generation). Ethanol from microalgal biomass has advantages because it does not use arable land and reduces environmental impacts through the sequestration of CO2 from the atmosphere. In this way, micro and macroalgal starch, which is structurally similar to that from higher plants can be considered a promise raw material for the production of bioethanol. Thus, strategies can be used to intensify the carbohydrate concentration in the microalgal biomass enabling the production of third-generation bioethanol. The microalgae biomass can be destined to biorefineries so that the residual biomass generated from the extraction processes is used for the production of high value-added products. Therefore, the process will have an impact on reducing the production costs and the generation of waste. In this context, this review aims to bring concepts and perspectives on the production of third-generation bioethanol, demonstrating the microalgal biomass potential as a carbon source to produce bioethanol and supply part of the world energy demand. The main factors that influence the microalgal cultivation and fermentation process, as well as the processes of transformation of biomass into the easily fermentable substrate are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Lucas da Maia
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, P.O. Box 474, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Soares Cardoso
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, P.O. Box 474, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Duna Joanol da Silveira Mastrantonio
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, P.O. Box 474, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Krause Bierhals
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, P.O. Box 474, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Botelho Moreira
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, P.O. Box 474, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, P.O. Box 474, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Michele Greque de Morais
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, P.O. Box 474, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Rearte T, Figueroa F, Gómez-Serrano C, Vélez C, Marsili S, Iorio ADF, González-López C, Cerón-García M, Abdala-Díaz R, Acién-Fernández F. Optimization of the production of lipids and carotenoids in the microalga Golenkinia aff. brevispicula. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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62
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Song X, Zhao Y, Han B, Li T, Zhao P, Xu JW, Yu X. Strigolactone mediates jasmonic acid-induced lipid production in microalga Monoraphidium sp. QLY-1 under nitrogen deficiency conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 306:123107. [PMID: 32172089 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The roles of jasmonic acid (JA) in the regulation of cell growth and lipid biosynthesis under the combination of strigolactone (SL) treatment and nitrogen deficiency (ND) were investigated. In this work, the optimised ND condition (46.18%) and ND combined with SL treatment (53.71%) showed 1.11- and 1.29-fold increases in lipid content in Monoraphidium sp. QLY-1 compared with the control condition (41.57%). The levels of JA, glutathione (GSH), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and lipogenic genes expression were upregulated by the combination of SL and ND, but the ROS level was decreased. Furthermore, exogenous JA supplementation induced the highest lipid content (57.12%) and productivity (312.35 mg L-1 d-1) under ND combined with SL treatment. This study provided a combined strategy for enhancing lipid production and supplied novel insights into the role of JA signalling in regulating lipid synthesis and oxidative stress in microalgae by combining SL treatment with ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Song
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yongteng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Benyong Han
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jun-Wei Xu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xuya Yu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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63
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You Y, Zhang M, Yang W, Li C, Liu Y, Li C, He J, Wu W. Starch phosphorylation and the in vivo regulation of starch metabolism and characteristics. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 159:823-831. [PMID: 32445823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Starch is the most significant carbon and energy reserve in plants and is also a sustainable feedstock for many industrial applications. Substantial research effort has been devoted to enhancing the yield and quality of starch. Over the past century, starch phosphorylation has aroused increasing interest as the only naturally occurring covalent modification in starch. Many studies have investigated the role of phosphorylation in starch metabolism and its impact on the starch granule. In this review, the two key enzymes involved in starch phosphorylation and their catalytic mechanisms are described at the molecular level; the vital roles of phosphorylation in starch degradation and biosynthesis are illuminated in detail; and the multiple influences of phosphorylation on starch composition, granule structure and physicochemical properties are discussed. This review systematically summarizes the importance of phosphorylation in starch metabolism, and describes the advanced methods used to precisely measure phosphate and increase the level of starch phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxian You
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China
| | - Wen Yang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China
| | - Cheng Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China
| | - Yuntao Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China.
| | - Caiming Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jialiang He
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China
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64
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Evaluation and Transcriptome Analysis of the Novel Oleaginous Microalga Lobosphaera bisecta (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) for Arachidonic Acid Production. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18050229. [PMID: 32357437 PMCID: PMC7281613 DOI: 10.3390/md18050229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is an omega-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid and is important for human health. The coccoid green microalga Lobosphaera bisecta has been reported to be able to accumulate high AA content under certain conditions. Nutrient management and light intensity had significant effects on the biomass and accumulation of lipids and AA in L. bisecta SAG2043. Both a high nitrogen concentration (18 mM) and high light intensity (bilateral light-300 μmol m−2 s−1) were beneficial to the growth of L. bisecta, and the replacement of culture medium further enhanced the biomass, which reached 8.9 g L−1. Low nitrogen concentration (3.6 mM) and high light significantly promoted the accumulation of lipids and AA. The highest lipid and AA content reached 54.0% and 10.8% of dry weight, respectively. Lipid compositions analysis showed that 88.2% of AA was distributed within the neutral lipids. We then reconstructed the lipid metabolic pathways of L. bisecta for the first time, and demonstrated that the upregulation of a key desaturase and elongase in the Δ6 pathway was conducive to the accumulation of fatty acids toward AA synthesis. L. bisecta SAG2043 exhibits high biomass, lipid and AA production. It may be a potential candidate for AA production.
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65
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Harnessing C/N balance of Chromochloris zofingiensis to overcome the potential conflict in microalgal production. Commun Biol 2020; 3:186. [PMID: 32327698 PMCID: PMC7181789 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0900-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of high-value products in microalgae is not conducive with rapid cell growth, which is the potential conflict in microalgal production. Overcoming such conflict faces numerous challenges in comprehensively understanding cell behavior and metabolism. Here, we show a fully integrated interaction between cell behavior, carbon partitioning, carbon availability and path rate of central carbon metabolism, and have practically overcome the production conflict of Chromochloris zofingiensis. We demonstrate that elevated carbon availability and active path rate of precursors are determinants for product biosynthesis, and the former exhibits a superior potential. As protein content reaches a threshold value to confer survival advantages, carbon availability becomes the major limiting factor for product biosynthesis and cell reproduction. Based on integrated interaction, regulating the C/N balance by feeding carbon source under excess light increases content of high-value products without inhibiting cell growth. Our findings provide a new orientation to achieve great productivity improvements in microalgal production.
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66
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Ran W, Xiang Q, Pan Y, Xie T, Zhang Y, Yao C. Enhancing Photosynthetic Starch Production by γ-Aminobutyric Acid Addition in a Marine Green Microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis under Nitrogen Stress. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Ran
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Qi Xiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yunyun Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Tonghui Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yongkui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Changhong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
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