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Abstract
Isothermal amplification of nucleic acids is a simple process that rapidly and efficiently accumulates nucleic acid sequences at constant temperature. Since the early 1990s, various isothermal amplification techniques have been developed as alternatives to polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These isothermal amplification methods have been used for biosensing targets such as DNA, RNA, cells, proteins, small molecules, and ions. The applications of these techniques for in situ or intracellular bioimaging and sequencing have been amply demonstrated. Amplicons produced by isothermal amplification methods have also been utilized to construct versatile nucleic acid nanomaterials for promising applications in biomedicine, bioimaging, and biosensing. The integration of isothermal amplification into microsystems or portable devices improves nucleic acid-based on-site assays and confers high sensitivity. Single-cell and single-molecule analyses have also been implemented based on integrated microfluidic systems. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the isothermal amplification of nucleic acids encompassing work published in the past two decades. First, different isothermal amplification techniques are classified into three types based on reaction kinetics. Then, we summarize the applications of isothermal amplification in bioanalysis, diagnostics, nanotechnology, materials science, and device integration. Finally, several challenges and perspectives in the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Qian Li
- Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboraotory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboraotory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboraotory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800, China.,School of Life Science & Technology, ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 200031, China
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52
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Functional Hallmarks of a Catalytic DNA that Makes Lariat RNA. Chemistry 2015; 22:3720-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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53
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ZHAO XH, MENG HM, GONG L, QIU LP, ZHANG XB, TAN WH. Recent Progress of DNAzyme-Nanomaterial Based Biosensors. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(15)60873-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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54
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Hybridization chain reaction and gold nanoparticles dual signal amplification for sensitive glucose detection. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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55
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Cui L, Wu J, Li J, Ju H. Electrochemical Sensor for Lead Cation Sensitized with a DNA Functionalized Porphyrinic Metal-Organic Framework. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10635-41. [PMID: 26427312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An efficient electrochemical sensor was presented for lead cation detection using a DNA functionalized iron-porphyrinic metal-organic framework (GR-5/(Fe-P)n-MOF) as a probe. The newly designed probe showed both the recognition behavior of GR-5 to Pb(2+) with high selectivity and the excellent mimic peroxidase performance of (Fe-P)n-MOF. In the presence of Pb(2+), GR-5 could be specifically cleaved at the ribonucleotide (rA) site, which produced the short (Fe-P)n-MOF-linked oligonucleotide fragment to hybridize with hairpin DNA immobilized on the surface of screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). Because of the mimic peroxidase property of (Fe-P)n-MOF, enzymatically amplified electrochemical signal was obtained to offer the sensitive detection of Pb(2+) ranging from 0.05 to 200 nM with a detection limit of 0.034 nM. In addition, benefiting from the Pb(2+)-dependent GR-5, the proposed assay could selectively detect Pb(2+) in the presence of other metal ions. The SPCE based electrochemical sensor along with the GR-5/(Fe-P)n-MOF probe exhibited the advantages of low-cost, simple fabrication, high sensitivity and selectivity, providing potential application of on-site and real-time Pb(2+) detection in complex media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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56
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Paper-based scanometric assay for lead ion detection using DNAzyme. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 896:152-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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57
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Liang K, Zhai S, Zhang Z, Fu X, Shao J, Lin Z, Qiu B, Chen GN. Ultrasensitive colorimetric carcinoembryonic antigen biosensor based on hyperbranched rolling circle amplification. Analyst 2015; 139:4330-4. [PMID: 24996292 DOI: 10.1039/c4an00417e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a hyperbranched rolling circle amplification (HRCA)-based colorimetric biosensor for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is developed with high sensitivity and specificity. A CEA aptamer can bind with its target (CEA) to form a complex due to their high affinity, and the introduced CDNA cannot hybridize with the aptamer. Thus, free CDNA can propagate the HRCA reaction to form a large number of single-stranded DNA (ss-DNA). ss-DNA can be easily adsorbed onto AuNPs and prevent salt-induced AuNPs aggregation, which causes the change in the color of the system. It is found that the absorbance intensity ratio (A520/A660) has a linear relationship with the concentration of the target in the range of 5 pM-0.5 nM, and the detection limit is as low as 2 pM (S/N = 3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liang
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
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58
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March G, Nguyen TD, Piro B. Modified electrodes used for electrochemical detection of metal ions in environmental analysis. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2015; 5:241-75. [PMID: 25938789 PMCID: PMC4493548 DOI: 10.3390/bios5020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems, and regulations are becoming stricter. Many efforts have been made to develop sensors for monitoring heavy metals in the environment. This review aims at presenting the different label-free strategies used to develop electrochemical sensors for the detection of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic etc. The first part of this review will be dedicated to stripping voltammetry techniques, on unmodified electrodes (mercury, bismuth or noble metals in the bulk form), or electrodes modified at their surface by nanoparticles, nanostructures (CNT, graphene) or other innovative materials such as boron-doped diamond. The second part will be dedicated to chemically modified electrodes especially those with conducting polymers. The last part of this review will focus on bio-modified electrodes. Special attention will be paid to strategies using biomolecules (DNA, peptide or proteins), enzymes or whole cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuan Dung Nguyen
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Benoit Piro
- Chemistry Department, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France.
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59
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Zhao G, Hu T, Li J, Wei H, Shang H, Guan Y. A novel strategy to analyze L-tryptophan through allosteric Trp repressor based on rolling circle amplification. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 71:103-107. [PMID: 25889351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Rolling circle amplification (RCA) has been considered as a powerful tool for nucleic acids detection. Here, a novel repressor-RCA-based method for L-tryptophan (L-Trp) detection was developed. This method utilizes the specific interaction between the RCA circular template and the Trp repressor protein (TrpR) involved in trp operon of Escherichia coli (E. coli). In the absence of L-Trp, the TrpR protein could not bind to the RCA template, and the RCA process can be continued. When L-Trp is present, the activated TrpR will bind to the operon sequence on the RCA template and inhibit the RCA reaction. Thus, the concentration of L-Trp is correlated directly with the fluorescent RCA signals. We succeeded in detecting L-Trp in a single step in simple homogeneous reaction system. The detection limit was estimated to be 0.77 μM (S/N=3) with good linearity. The method can unambiguously distinguish L-Trp from other 19 standard amino acids and L-Trp analogs. This strategy is also promising for detecting many small molecules such as other amino acids and carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojie Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Tianyu Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Hong Shang
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Yifu Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China.
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61
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Jiang Y, Wang Y, Meng F, Wang B, Cheng Y, Zhu C. N-doped carbon dots synthesized by rapid microwave irradiation as highly fluorescent probes for Pb2+ detection. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00170f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
New NCDs were obtained and exhibit highly sensitive response to Pb2+ which could be applied to real sample detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Jiang
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- China
| | - Fandian Meng
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- China
| | - Bingxiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210097
- China
| | - Yixiang Cheng
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- China
| | - Chengjian Zhu
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- China
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62
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Electrochemical sensing of heavy metal ions with inorganic, organic and bio-materials. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 63:276-286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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63
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Liu S, Cheng C, Liu T, Wang L, Gong H, Li F. Highly sensitive fluorescence detection of target DNA by coupling exonuclease-assisted cascade target recycling and DNAzyme amplification. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 63:99-104. [PMID: 25063920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Because of the intrinsic importance of nucleic acid as bio-targets, the simple and sensitive detection of nucleic acid is very essential for biological studies and medical diagnostics. Herein, a simple, isothermal and highly sensitive fluorescence detection of target DNA was developed with the combination of exonuclease III (Exo III)-assisted cascade target recycling and DNAzyme amplification. A hairpin DNA probe was designed, which contained the 3'-protruding DNA fragment as target recognition unit, the caged DNA fragment in the stem region as target analogue, and the caged 8-17 DNAzyme sequence in the loop region as signal response unit. Upon sensing of target DNA, the 3'-strand of hairpin DNA probe could be stepwise removed by Exo III, accompanied by the releasing of target DNA and autonomous generation of new target analogues for the successive hybridization and cleavage process. Simultaneously, the 8-17 DNAzyme unit could be exponentially released from this hairpin DNA probe and activated for the cyclic cleavage toward the ribonucleotide-containing molecular beacon substrate, inducing a remarkable fluorescence signal amplification for target detection. A low detection limit of 20 fM with an excellent selectivity toward target DNA could be achieved. The developed cascade amplification strategy may be further extended for the detection of a wide spectrum of analytes including protein and biological small molecules by combining DNA aptamer technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuanbin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongwei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China.
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64
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Tang S, Lu W, Gu F, Tong P, Yan Z, Zhang L. A novel electrochemical sensor for lead ion based on cascade DNA and quantum dots amplification. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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65
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Surface Modifications Technology of Quantum Dots Based Biosensors and Their Medical Applications. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(14)60753-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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66
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Zhang B, Lu L, Hu Q, Huang F, Lin Z. ZnO nanoflower-based photoelectrochemical DNAzyme sensor for the detection of Pb2+. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 56:243-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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67
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Chen X, Tian R, Zhang Q, Yao C. Target-induced electronic switch for ultrasensitive detection of Pb2+ based on three dimensionally ordered macroporous Au–Pd bimetallic electrode. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 53:90-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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68
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Detection of lead(II) ions with a DNAzyme and isothermal strand displacement signal amplification. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 53:245-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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69
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Wu P, Zhao T, Wang S, Hou X. Semicondutor quantum dots-based metal ion probes. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:43-64. [PMID: 24270674 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr04628a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) exhibit unique optical and photophysical properties that offer significant advantages over organic dyes as optical labels for chemo/bio-sensing. This review addresses the methods for metal ion detection with QDs, including photoluminescent, electrochemiluminescent, photoelectrochemical, and electrochemical approaches. The main mechanisms of direct interaction between QDs and metal ions which lead to photoluminescence being either off or on, are discussed in detail. These direct interactions provide great opportunities for developing simple yet effect metal ion probes. Different methods to design the chemically-modified QD hybrid structures through anchoring metal ion-specific groups onto the surface of QDs are summarized. Due to the spatial separation of the luminescence center and analyte recognition sites, these chemically-modified QDs offer greatly improved sensitivity and selectivity for metal ions. Several interesting applications of QD-based metal ion probes are presented, with specific emphasis on cellular probes, coding probes and sensing with logic gate operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wu
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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70
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Lee IL, Sung YM, Wu SP. Triazole-acetate functionalized gold nanoparticles for colorimetric Pb(ii) sensing. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02448f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
New triazole-acetate functionalized gold nanoparticles (TTA–AuNPs) for sensitive and selective colorimetric detection of Pb2+ were developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Lin Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ming Sung
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Pao Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu, Republic of China
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