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Solanki S, Pandey CM, Gupta RK, Malhotra BD. Emerging Trends in Microfluidics Based Devices. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e1900279. [PMID: 32045505 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges for scientists and engineers today is to develop technologies for the improvement of human health in both developed and developing countries. However, the need for cost-effective, high-performance diagnostic techniques is very crucial for providing accessible, affordable, and high-quality healthcare devices. In this context, microfluidic-based devices (MFDs) offer powerful platforms for automation and integration of complex tasks onto a single chip. The distinct advantage of MFDs lies in precise control of the sample quantities and flow rate of samples and reagents that enable quantification and detection of analytes with high resolution and sensitivity. With these excellent properties, microfluidics (MFs) have been used for various applications in healthcare, along with other biological and medical areas. This review focuses on the emerging demands of MFs in different fields such as biomedical diagnostics, environmental analysis, food and agriculture research, etc., in the last three or so years. It also aims to reveal new opportunities in these areas and future prospects of commercial MFDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Solanki
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Delhi, 110042, India.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Chandra M Pandey
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Rajinder K Gupta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Bansi D Malhotra
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Delhi, 110042, India
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Zhong R, Liu S, Zhang G, Wang M, Sun Y. iso-μmGene: an isothermal amplification-based portable microfluidic system for simple, reliable and flexibly multiplexed genetic identification and quantification. Analyst 2020; 145:4627-4636. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an00560f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a portable microfluidic LAMP system (iso-μmGene) with features of multi-well chips for convenient filling and reliable sealing, flexible detection throughput, and stand-alone and well-performing point of care device for genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runtao Zhong
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology
- Dalian Maritime University
- Dalian 116026
- China
| | - Shilin Liu
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology
- Dalian Maritime University
- Dalian 116026
- China
| | - Guohao Zhang
- Beijing Baicare Biotechnology Co
- Ltd
- Beijing 102206
- China
| | - Mengyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology
- Dalian Maritime University
- Dalian 116026
- China
| | - Yeqing Sun
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology
- Dalian Maritime University
- Dalian 116026
- China
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Geng Z, Gu Y, Li S, Lin B, Liu P. A Fully Integrated In Vitro Diagnostic Microsystem for Pathogen Detection Developed Using a "3D Extensible" Microfluidic Design Paradigm. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E873. [PMID: 31842384 PMCID: PMC6953088 DOI: 10.3390/mi10120873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics is facing critical challenges in the quest of miniaturizing, integrating, and automating in vitro diagnostics, including the increasing complexity of assays, the gap between the macroscale world and the microscale devices, and the diverse throughput demands in various clinical settings. Here, a "3D extensible" microfluidic design paradigm that consists of a set of basic structures and unit operations was developed for constructing any application-specific assay. Four basic structures-check valve (in), check valve (out), double-check valve (in and out), and on-off valve-were designed to mimic basic acts in biochemical assays. By combining these structures linearly, a series of unit operations can be readily formed. We then proposed a "3D extensible" architecture to fulfill the needs of the function integration, the adaptive "world-to-chip" interface, and the adjustable throughput in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. To verify this design paradigm, we developed a fully integrated loop-mediated isothermal amplification microsystem that can directly accept swab samples and detect Chlamydia trachomatis automatically with a sensitivity one order higher than that of the conventional kit. This demonstration validated the feasibility of using this paradigm to develop integrated and automated microsystems in a less risky and more consistent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Geng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (Z.G.); (Y.G.); (S.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Yin Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (Z.G.); (Y.G.); (S.L.); (B.L.)
- FengteBio Corporation, Beijing 100079, China
| | - Shanglin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (Z.G.); (Y.G.); (S.L.); (B.L.)
- FengteBio Corporation, Beijing 100079, China
| | - Baobao Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (Z.G.); (Y.G.); (S.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (Z.G.); (Y.G.); (S.L.); (B.L.)
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Agarwal R, Sarkar A, Bhowmik A, Mukherjee D, Chakraborty S. A portable spinning disc for complete blood count (CBC). Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 150:111935. [PMID: 31818760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Complete Blood Count (CBC) is a collection of the most commonly required clinical tests to assess the manifestations of pathological conditions in blood. The existing clinical methods for this test are prohibitively expensive for the underprivileged global population due to the requirements of sophisticated instrumentation and trained personnel. To overcome these, we propose a unique low cost device as a blood cell counting platform. The method exploits the difference in densities of cells for separation in transparent microfluidic channels and implements label-free imaging method for counting the separated cells within the microfluidic disc. The device is a simple spinning disc to estimate the parameters such as hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), and platelet counts with an accuracy > 95% as compared to an automated hematology analyzer. The major advantages of this device over state of the art include multiple sample testing within a single biodegradable disc, simple design and fabrication techniques, potential automation thereby making it portable and eliminating the need of trained personnel, and most significantly, eliminating any need for downstream processing of the separated blood. These results may turn out to be of immense consequence towards developing novel point-of-care hematological analyzers for resource-constrained settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Agarwal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Arnab Sarkar
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Arka Bhowmik
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Devdeep Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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Nguyen HV, Nguyen VD, Nguyen HQ, Chau THT, Lee EY, Seo TS. Nucleic acid diagnostics on the total integrated lab-on-a-disc for point-of-care testing. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 141:111466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Dang BV, Hassanzadeh-Barforoushi A, Syed MS, Yang D, Kim SJ, Taylor RA, Liu GJ, Liu G, Barber T. Microfluidic Actuation via 3D-Printed Molds toward Multiplex Biosensing of Cell Apoptosis. ACS Sens 2019; 4:2181-2189. [PMID: 31321976 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multiplexed analysis of biochemical analytes such as proteins, enzymes, and immune products using a microfluidic device has the potential to cut assay time, reduce sample volume, realize high-throughput, and decrease experimental error without compromising sensitivity. Despite these huge benefits, the need for expensive specialized equipment and the complex photolithography fabrication process for the multiplexed devices have, to date, prevented widespread adoption of microfluidic systems. Here, we present a simple method to fabricate a new microfluidic-based multiplexed biosensing device by taking advantage of 3D-printing. The device is an integration of normally closed (NC) microfluidic valving units which offer superior operational flexibility by using PDMS membrane (E ∼ 1-2 MPa) and require minimized energy input (1-5 kPa). To systematically engineer the device, we first report on the geometrical and operational analysis of a single 3D-printed valving unit. Based on the characterization, we introduce a full prototype multiplexed chip comprising several microfluidic valves. The prototype offers-for the first time in a 3D-printed microfluidic device-the capability of on-demand performce of both a sequential and a parallel biochemical assay. As a proof of concept, our device has been used to simultaneously measure the apoptotic activity of 5 different members of the caspase protease enzyme family. In summary, the 3D-printed valving system showcased in this study overcomes traditional bottlenecks of microfabrication, enabling a new class of sophisticated liquid manipulation required in performing multiplexed sensing for biochemical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bac Van Dang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Amin Hassanzadeh-Barforoushi
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research/the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Maira Shakeel Syed
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Danting Yang
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Sung-Jin Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert A. Taylor
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Guo-Jun Liu
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
- Discipline of Medical Imaging & Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, 94 Mallett Street, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Guozhen Liu
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Tracie Barber
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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