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Monteil S, Casson AJ, Jones ST. Electronic and electrochemical viral detection for point-of-care use: A systematic review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258002. [PMID: 34591907 PMCID: PMC8483417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting viruses, which have significant impact on health and the economy, is essential for controlling and combating viral infections. In recent years there has been a focus towards simpler and faster detection methods, specifically through the use of electronic-based detection at the point-of-care. Point-of-care sensors play a particularly important role in the detection of viruses. Tests can be performed in the field or in resource limited regions in a simple manner and short time frame, allowing for rapid treatment. Electronic based detection allows for speed and quantitative detection not otherwise possible at the point-of-care. Such approaches are largely based upon voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, field effect transistors, and similar electrical techniques. Here, we systematically review electronic and electrochemical point-of-care sensors for the detection of human viral pathogens. Using the reported limits of detection and assay times we compare approaches both by detection method and by the target analyte of interest. Compared to recent scoping and narrative reviews, this systematic review which follows established best practice for evidence synthesis adds substantial new evidence on 1) performance and 2) limitations, needed for sensor uptake in the clinical arena. 104 relevant studies were identified by conducting a search of current literature using 7 databases, only including original research articles detecting human viruses and reporting a limit of detection. Detection units were converted to nanomolars where possible in order to compare performance across devices. This approach allows us to identify field effect transistors as having the fastest median response time, and as being the most sensitive, some achieving single-molecule detection. In general, we found that antigens are the quickest targets to detect. We also observe however, that reports are highly variable in their chosen metrics of interest. We suggest that this lack of systematisation across studies may be a major bottleneck in sensor development and translation. Where appropriate, we use the findings of the systematic review to give recommendations for best reporting practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solen Monteil
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- The Henry Royce Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J. Casson
- The Henry Royce Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel T. Jones
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- The Henry Royce Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Sharma PK, Kim ES, Mishra S, Ganbold E, Seong RS, Kaushik AK, Kim NY. Ultrasensitive and Reusable Graphene Oxide-Modified Double-Interdigitated Capacitive (DIDC) Sensing Chip for Detecting SARS-CoV-2. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3468-3476. [PMID: 34478270 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This research reveals the promising functionalization of graphene oxide (GrO)-glazed double-interdigitated capacitive (DIDC) biosensing platform to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S1) proteins with enhanced selectivity and rapid response. The DIDC bioactive surface consisting of Pt/Ti featured SiO2 substrate was fabricated using GrO/EDC-NHS/anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (Abs) which is having layer-by-layer interface self-assembly chemistry method. This electroactive immune-sensing platform exhibits reproducibility and sensitivity with reference to the S1 protein of SARS-CoV-2. The outcomes of analytical studies confirm that GrO provided a desired engineered surface for Abs immobilization and amplified capacitance to achieve a wide detection range (1.0 mg/mL to 1.0 fg/mL), low limit of detection (1 fg/mL) within 3 s of response time, good linearity (18.56 nF/g), and a high sensitivity of 1.0 fg/mL. Importantly, the unique biochip was selective against blood-borne antigens and standby for 10 days at 5 °C. Our developed DIDC-based SARS-CoV-2 biosensor is suitable for point-of-care (POC) diagnostic applications due to portability and scaling-up ability. In addition, this sensing platform can be modified for the early diagnosis of severe viral infections using real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parshant Kumar Sharma
- RFIC Bio Centre, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, South Korea
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Eun-Seong Kim
- RFIC Bio Centre, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, South Korea
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Sachin Mishra
- RFIC Bio Centre, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, South Korea
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, South Korea
- NDAC Centre, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Enkhzaya Ganbold
- RFIC Bio Centre, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, South Korea
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Ryun-Sang Seong
- RFIC Bio Centre, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, South Korea
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Ajeet Kumar Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health Systems Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, Florida 33805, United States
| | - Nam-Young Kim
- RFIC Bio Centre, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, South Korea
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, South Korea
- NDAC Centre, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, South Korea
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Li Z, Chen X, Huang Z, Zhou J, Liu R, Lv Y. Multiplex Nucleic Acid Assay of SARS-CoV-2 via a Lanthanide Nanoparticle-Tagging Strategy. Anal Chem 2021; 93:12714-12722. [PMID: 34494424 PMCID: PMC8442555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Early diagnosis, early isolation, and early treatment are efficient solutions to control the COVID-19 pandemic. To achieve the accurate early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, a multiplex detection strategy is required for the cross-validation to solve the problem of "false negative" of the existing gold standard assay. Here, we present a multicomponent nucleic acid assay platform for SARS-CoV-2 detection based on lanthanide nanoparticle (LnNP)-tagging strategy. For targeting SARS-CoV-2's RNA fragments ORF1ab gene, RdRp gene, and E gene, three LnNP probes can be used simultaneously to identify three sites in one sample through elemental mass spectrometry detection with limits of detection of 1.2, 1.3, and 1.3 fmol, respectively. With the multisite cross-validation, we envision that this multiplex and sensitive detection platform may provide an effective strategy for SARS-CoV-2 fast screening with a high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Li
- Analytical
& Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Zili Huang
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Analytical
& Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Lv
- Analytical
& Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
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Bagherzadeh-Nobari S, Kalantarinejad R. Real-time label-free detection of DNA hybridization using a functionalized graphene field effect transistor: a theoretical study. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 23:185. [PMID: 34421338 PMCID: PMC8365298 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-021-05295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Detection of DNA hybridization with high sensitivity and accuracy plays a major role in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Despite intense experimental studies of graphene field effect transistor as DNA hybridization detector, the mechanism of detection and changes in the electrical properties of the device is not investigated in detail. To this end, we have investigated an armchair graphene nanoribbon (AGNR) interconnected between gold electrodes as a detector of DNA hybridization. Using non-equilibrium Green's function method and density functional theory, the effect of 1-pyrenebutanoic acid succinimidyl ester (PBASE) linker, probe, and target DNA on the electrical properties of the device has been investigated at zero bias voltage. The results show that, after functionalization of AGNR with PBASE, the conductance of the device increases while functionalization with probe and target DNA leads to a decrease in conductance. The changes in the projected density of states on the AGNR and transmission around Fermi energy are the reason for the change in conductance of the system. In all cases, both charge transfer and electrostatic gating are responsible for the change in the electrical properties of the system. The results show that our device detects DNA hybridization with a sensitivity of 10% at zero bias voltage, and by applying a suitable gate voltage, it can show higher sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Kalantarinejad
- Hamava Innovation Factory, No. 31, Azadi Innovation Factory, Lashgari highway, Azadi square, Tehran, Iran
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Yoo J, Jeong H, Park SK, Park S, Lee JS. Interdigitated Electrode Biosensor Based on Plasma-Deposited TiO 2 Nanoparticles for Detecting DNA. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11070212. [PMID: 34209744 PMCID: PMC8301939 DOI: 10.3390/bios11070212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bioelectrodes mediated by metal oxide nanoparticles have facilitated the development of new sensors in medical diagnosis. High-purity TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized through thermal plasma and deposited directly on an interdigitated electrode. The surface of the TiO2-deposited electrode was activated with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) followed by fixing the single-stranded probe deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to fabricate the DNA biosensor. The structural properties of the deposited TiO2 nanoparticles were analyzed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and a dynamic light scattering (DLS) system. The chemical composition and structural properties of the TiO2 nanoparticle layer and the fixed layer were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). E. coli O157:H7, a well-known pernicious pathogenic bacterial species, was detected as a target DNA of the prepared DNA biosensor, and the characteristics of DNA detection were determined by the current change using a picoammeter. The degree of binding between the probe DNA and the target DNA was converted into an electrical signal using the picoammeter method to quantitatively analyze the concentration of the target DNA. With the specificity experiment, it was confirmed that the biosensor was able to discriminate between nucleotides with mismatched, non-complementary, or complementary sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhongryul Yoo
- Department of Life Science and Chemistry, Daejin University, 1007 Hoguk Road, Pocheon-si 11159, Korea; (J.Y.); (H.J.)
| | - Hongin Jeong
- Department of Life Science and Chemistry, Daejin University, 1007 Hoguk Road, Pocheon-si 11159, Korea; (J.Y.); (H.J.)
| | - Seo Kyung Park
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Sungho Park
- Department of Life Science and Chemistry, Daejin University, 1007 Hoguk Road, Pocheon-si 11159, Korea; (J.Y.); (H.J.)
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (J.S.L.)
| | - Je Seung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (J.S.L.)
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