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Byeon JC, Lee SE, Kim TH, Ahn JB, Kim DH, Choi JS, Park JS. Design of novel proliposome formulation for antioxidant peptide, glutathione with enhanced oral bioavailability and stability. Drug Deliv 2019; 26:216-225. [PMID: 30843439 PMCID: PMC6407602 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1551441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop proliposome formulations to improve the oral bioavailability of l-glutathione (GSH), GSH-loaded proliposomes were prepared using the granule method. Mannitol was selected as an effective excipient to achieve the desired particle size, entrapment efficiency (EE), and solubility for oral delivery of the final formulation. To evaluate the effect of surface charge of proliposomes on the oral bioavailability of GSH, negative (F1-F4) and positive proliposomes (F5-F9) were prepared. Particle size of F1 and F5 was 167.8 ± 0.9 and 175.9 ± 2.0 nm, and zeta potential of F1 and F5 was -8.1 ± 0.7 and 21.1 ± 2.0 mV, respectively. Encapsulation efficiency of F1 and F5 was 58.6% and 54.7%, respectively. Considering their particle size, zeta potential, and EE, the proliposomes F1 and F5 were adopted as the optimal formulations for further experiments. Solid state characterization of the proliposomes confirmed lipid coating on the surface of mannitol. The release of GSH from F1 and F5 formulations was prolonged until 24 h and pH independent. The total antioxidant capacity of GSH was concentration-dependent and maintained after formulation of GSH proliposomes. Circular dichroism spectroscopy confirmed that the molecular structure of GSH was maintained in the proliposome formulations. GSH proliposomes exhibited no significant changes in particle size and zeta potential for 4 weeks. An oral bioavailability study in rats revealed that F5 exhibited 1.05-, 1.08-, and 1.11-fold higher bioavailability than F1, commercial capsule formulation, and pure GSH, respectively. In conclusion, the prepared GSH proliposomes enhanced the poor bioavailability of GSH and prolonged its duration of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Chan Byeon
- a College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development , Chungnam National University , Daejeon , South Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- a College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development , Chungnam National University , Daejeon , South Korea
| | - Tae-Hyeon Kim
- a College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development , Chungnam National University , Daejeon , South Korea
| | - Jung Bin Ahn
- a College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development , Chungnam National University , Daejeon , South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- a College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development , Chungnam National University , Daejeon , South Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Choi
- a College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development , Chungnam National University , Daejeon , South Korea.,b Department of Medical Management , Chodang University , Jeollanam-do , South Korea
| | - Jeong-Sook Park
- a College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development , Chungnam National University , Daejeon , South Korea
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Selvan ST, Govindasamy B, Muthusamy S, Ramamurthy D. Exploration of green integrated approach for effluent treatment through mass culture and biofuel production from unicellular alga, Acutodesmus obliquus RDS01. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 21:1305-1322. [PMID: 31250670 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1633255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study deals with the open pond (OP) pilot scale treatment of cassava effluent and enhancement of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) enzyme through CO2 utilization by the microalga, Acutodesmus obliquus RDS01. The cassava effluent treatment (ET) revealed maximum reduction of ammonia (96.8%), calcium (94.6%), chloride (95.2%), chlorine (98.5%), inorganic phosphate (94.6%), magnesium (96.8%), nitrate (96.89%), organic carbon (95.9%), organic phosphorus (96.3%), potassium (97.9%), sodium (97.1%), and sulfate (95.4%) on 15th day using A. obliquus. The microalga produced highest RuBisCO enzyme activity (90%), CO2 utilization efficiency (95%), biomass (8.9 gL-1), lipid (176.65 mg mL-1), carbohydrate (96.78 mg mL-1), biodiesel (4.1 mL g-1), and bioethanol (3.7 mL g-1) during OP treatment. The isolated RuBisCO gene (rbcL) was used to construct the protein model by homology modeling. The microalgal-lipid content was analyzed through thin layer chromatography, the biodiesel produced was analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). The bioethanol production was confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography and GCMS analyses. A. obliquus produced of 98.75% biodiesel and 96.83% bioethanol in the OP pilot scale treatment A. obliquus. Overall, the microalga A. obliquus could act as an effective CO2 capturing and bioremediation agent in the cassava ET, and also for the biodiesel and bioethanol can be produced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sanjivkumar Muthusamy
- MNP Laboratory, Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Rajakamangalam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhandapani Ramamurthy
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
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Yu L, Wu F, Chen G. Next‐Generation Industrial Biotechnology‐Transforming the Current Industrial Biotechnology into Competitive Processes. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800437. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin‐Ping Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bioinformatics, School of Life SciencesTsinghua University New Biology Building 100084 Beijing China
- Center for Synthetic and Systems BiologyTsinghua University New Biology Building 100084 Beijing China
- Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesTsinghua University New Biology Building 100084 Beijing China
| | - Fu‐Qing Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bioinformatics, School of Life SciencesTsinghua University New Biology Building 100084 Beijing China
- Center for Synthetic and Systems BiologyTsinghua University New Biology Building 100084 Beijing China
- Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesTsinghua University New Biology Building 100084 Beijing China
| | - Guo‐Qiang Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bioinformatics, School of Life SciencesTsinghua University New Biology Building 100084 Beijing China
- Center for Synthetic and Systems BiologyTsinghua University New Biology Building 100084 Beijing China
- Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesTsinghua University New Biology Building 100084 Beijing China
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Centre for Synthetic BiologyThe University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
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Mahesh R, Naira VR, Maiti SK. Concomitant production of fatty acid methyl ester (biodiesel) and exopolysaccharides using efficient harvesting technology in flat panel photobioreactor with special sparging system via Scenedesmus abundans. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 278:231-241. [PMID: 30703641 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Current study focusses on the concomitant production of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME, biodiesel) and exopolysaccharides (EPS) from Scenedesmus abundans cell factory in flat panel photobioreactor using cost effective harvesting strategy. Parallel mini and medium scale flat panel photobioreactors (PBRs) with special gas sparging system enabling high gas to liquid mass transfer and efficient mixing were designed. Biomass titer of 6.9 g/l with overall biomass productivity of 1.2 g/l/day was achieved with constant high light intensity of 2162 µE/m2/s in growth phase (134 h) using optimum nutrient concentration. FAME concentration of 1.53 g/l was achieved after 15 days of nitrogen deprivation condition with productivity of 67 mg/l/day. The EPS production of 236 mg/l with a yield of 37 mg/g biomass was achieved. The strain proved its capability to produce multiproducts simultaneously in a single stage PBR by natural autoflocculation harvesting technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mahesh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Venkateswara R Naira
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Soumen K Maiti
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
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Abstract
The potential of algal biomass as a source of liquid and gaseous biofuels has been the subject of considerable research over the past few decades, with researchers strongly agreeing that algae have the potential of becoming a viable aquatic energy crop with a higher energy potential compared to that from either terrestrial biomass or municipal solid waste. However, neither microalgae nor seaweed are currently cultivated solely for energy purposes due to the high costs of harvesting, concentrating and drying. Anaerobic digestion of algal biomass could theoretically reduce costs associated with drying wet biomass before processing, but practical yields of biogas from digestion of many algae are substantially below the theoretical maximum. New processing methods are needed to reduce costs and increase the net energy balance. This review examines the biochemical and structural properties of seaweeds and of microalgal biomass that has been produced as part of the treatment of wastewater, and discusses some of the significant hurdles and recent initiatives for producing biogas from their anaerobic digestion.
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Huang Y, Ren J, Qu X. Nanozymes: Classification, Catalytic Mechanisms, Activity Regulation, and Applications. Chem Rev 2019; 119:4357-4412. [PMID: 30801188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1464] [Impact Index Per Article: 292.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Because of the high catalytic activities and substrate specificity, natural enzymes have been widely used in industrial, medical, and biological fields, etc. Although promising, they often suffer from intrinsic shortcomings such as high cost, low operational stability, and difficulties of recycling. To overcome these shortcomings, researchers have been devoted to the exploration of artificial enzyme mimics for a long time. Since the discovery of ferromagnetic nanoparticles with intrinsic horseradish peroxidase-like activity in 2007, a large amount of studies on nanozymes have been constantly emerging in the next decade. Nanozymes are one kind of nanomaterials with enzymatic catalytic properties. Compared with natural enzymes, nanozymes have the advantages such as low cost, high stability and durability, which have been widely used in industrial, medical, and biological fields. A thorough understanding of the possible catalytic mechanisms will contribute to the development of novel and high-efficient nanozymes, and the rational regulations of the activities of nanozymes are of great significance. In this review, we systematically introduce the classification, catalytic mechanism, activity regulation as well as recent research progress of nanozymes in the field of biosensing, environmental protection, and disease treatments, etc. in the past years. We also propose the current challenges of nanozymes as well as their future research focus. We anticipate this review may be of significance for the field to understand the properties of nanozymes and the development of novel nanomaterials with enzyme mimicking activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Huang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China.,College of Light Industry and Food Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037 , China
| | - Jinsong Ren
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China
| | - Xiaogang Qu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China
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59
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Navarro Gallón SM, Alpaslan E, Wang M, Larese-Casanova P, Londoño ME, Atehortúa L, Pavón JJ, Webster TJ. Characterization and study of the antibacterial mechanisms of silver nanoparticles prepared with microalgal exopolysaccharides. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 99:685-695. [PMID: 30889742 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The green synthesis of biomaterials is of significant interest as it enables the safe and sustainable preparation of noble metallic nanoparticles for medical applications. Microalgae polysaccharides have received attention due to their outstanding properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and low cost. In addition, due to their variety of remarkable biological and physicochemical properties, polysaccharide-based nanoparticles have advantageous features yet to be explored. The primary objective of the current research was to investigate exopolysaccharides isolated from green microalgae Botryococcus braunii (EPBb) and Chlorella pyrenoidosa (EPCp), as both reducing and stabilizing agents, for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Their antibacterial activity towards Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) was studied, as well as their cytotoxicity to human dermal fibroblasts. The presently synthesized AgNPs were spherical in shape and exhibited characteristic surface plasmon resonance at 430 nm. The main population had a particle size which ranged between 5 and 15 nm as analyzed by transmission electron micrographs. Zeta potentials averaged -51.81 ± 3.01 mV using EPBb and -12.16 ± 2.41 mV using EPCp. More importantly, AgNPs possessed strong antibacterial activity in a dose-dependent manner, even against drug-resistant bacteria. The enhanced antibacterial activity of these particles is explained due to extensive reactive oxygen species generation and bacterial cell membrane damage. In contrast, such AgNPs were not cytotoxic at the same therapeutic range to fibroblasts (0.5-10.0 μg/mL). In summary, these results showed that polysaccharide-capped AgNPs have a strong potential for numerous medical applications, such as antibacterial agents in pharmaceutical and biomedical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ece Alpaslan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Mian Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | | | - Martha E Londoño
- Biomedical Engineering Research Group, Universidad EIA, Envigado, Colombia
| | - Lucía Atehortúa
- Biotechnology Research Group, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Juan J Pavón
- Advanced Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, ABRM, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA.
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Cao X, Jia S, Luo Y, Yuan X, Qi Z, Yu KT. Multi-objective optimization method for enhancing chemical reaction process. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Jujjavarapu SE, Dhagat S. Evolutionary Trends in Industrial Production of α-amylase. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2019; 13:4-18. [PMID: 30810102 DOI: 10.2174/2211550107666180816093436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amylase catalyzes the breakdown of long-chain carbohydrates to yield maltotriose, maltose, glucose and dextrin as end products. It is present in mammalian saliva and helps in digestion. OBJECTIVE Their applications in biotechnology include starch processing, biofuel, food, paper, textile and detergent industries, bioremediation of environmental pollutants and in clinical and medical applications. The commercial microbial strains for production of α-amylase are Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis, B. amyloliquefaciens and Aspergillus oryzae. Industrial production of enzymes requires high productivity and cannot use wild-type strains for enzyme production. The yield of enzyme from bacteria can be increased by varying the physiological and genetic properties of strains. RESULTS The genetic properties of a bacterium can be improved by enhancing the expression levels of the gene and secretion of the enzyme outside the cells, thereby improving the productivity by preventing degradation of enzymes. Overall, the strain for specific productivity should have the maximum ability for synthesis and secretion of an enzyme of interest. Genetic manipulation of α-amylase can also be used for the production of enzymes with different properties, for example, by recombinant DNA technology. CONCLUSION This review summarizes different techniques in the production of recombinant α- amylases along with the patents in this arena. The washing out of enzymes in reactions became a limitation in utilization of these enzymes in industries and hence immobilization of these enzymes becomes important. This paper also discusses the immobilization techniques for used α-amylases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Swasti Dhagat
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur-492010, India
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Venkatesh A, Posen ID, MacLean HL, Chu PL, Griffin WM, Saville BA. Environmental Aspects of Biotechnology. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 173:77-119. [PMID: 31396652 DOI: 10.1007/10_2019_98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
A key motivation behind the development and adoption of industrial biotechnology is the reduction of negative environmental impacts. However, accurately assessing these impacts remains a formidable task. Environmental impacts of industrial biotechnology may be significant across a number of categories that include, but may not be limited to, nonrenewable resource depletion, water withdrawals and consumption, climate change, and natural land transformation/occupation. In this chapter, we highlight some key environmental issues across two broad areas: (a) processes that use biobased feedstocks and (b) industrial activity that is supported by biological processes. We also address further issues in accounting for related environmental impacts such as geographic and temporal scope, co-product management, and uncertainty and variability in impacts. Case studies relating to (a) lignocellulosic ethanol, (b) biobased plastics, and (c) enzyme use in the detergent industry are then presented, which illustrate more specific applications. Finally, emerging trends in the area of environmental impacts of biotechnology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I Daniel Posen
- Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Heather L MacLean
- Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Pei Lin Chu
- Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - W Michael Griffin
- Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bradley A Saville
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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The Role of Biosurfactants in the Continued Drive for Environmental Sustainability. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10124817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biosurfactants are microbial products that have been increasingly researched due to their many identified advantages, such as low toxicity and high activity at extreme temperatures, but more importantly, they are biodegradable and compatible with the environment. Biosurfactants are versatile products with vast applications in the clean-up of environmental pollutants through biodegradation and bioremediation. They also have applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and other industries. These advantages and wide range of applications have led to the continued interest in biosurfactants. In particular, there is a growing discussion around environmental sustainability and the important role that biosurfactants will increasingly play in the near future, for example, via the use of renewable by-products as substrates, waste reduction, and potential reuse of the treated waste. This has resulted in increased attention on these microbial products in industry. Research highlighting the potential of biosurfactants in environmental sustainability is required to drive efforts to make biosurfactants more viable for commercial and large-scale applications; making them available, cheaper and economically sustainable. The present review discusses the unique relationship between biosurfactants and environmental sustainability, especially the role that biosurfactants play in the clean-up of environmental pollutants and, therefore, increasing environmental protection.
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Zhang C, Yuan X, Luo Y, Yu (K.T. Yu) G. Prediction of species concentration distribution using a rigorous turbulent mass diffusivity model for bubble column reactor simulation part II: Analogy between turbulent mass and momentum transfer in toluene emissions biodegradation process. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Zaffar H, Ahmad R, Pervez A, Naqvi TA. A newly isolated Pseudomonas sp. can degrade endosulfan via hydrolytic pathway. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 152:69-75. [PMID: 30497713 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Endosulfan an organochlorinated pesticide was used extensively throughout the world. Its enormous and inadequate use creates environmental as well as health problems. A bacterial strain capable to utilize endosulfan as a sole source of sulfur was isolated from pesticide contaminated soil and identified as Pseudomonas sp. on the basis of 16S rRNA. Batch experiments were conducted at various initial concentrations of endosulfan, i.e. 5, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/l to study its rate of degradation. After three days of incubation, 70-80% of each initial concentration was degraded by the isolated strain as compared to the control. Degradation of endosulfan increased with the time of incubation and maximum degradation was observed after 5 days of incubation. GC-MS revealed that the major metabolite was endosulfan lactone, which accumulated after 5 days of incubation. Kinetic studies at various initial concentrations also revealed that the bacterium has very promising attitude to utilize endosulfan as sole source of sulfur. It was observed that the addition of auxiliary sulfur Fe(SO4)3 in any concentration (0.05, 0.01 and 0.1%) decreased the rate of degradation of endosulfan. The ratio of μmax/ Ks was high (0.03 mg/l) when endosulfan was single sulfur source as compared to the value recorded when Fe(SO4)3 was added alongwith the endosulfan. This indicates that the newly isolated bacterium attacks sulfur moiety for its degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habiba Zaffar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Raza Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Arshid Pervez
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Tatheer Alam Naqvi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
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Tibocha-Bonilla JD, Zuñiga C, Godoy-Silva RD, Zengler K. Advances in metabolic modeling of oleaginous microalgae. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:241. [PMID: 30202436 PMCID: PMC6124020 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Production of biofuels and bioenergy precursors by phototrophic microorganisms, such as microalgae and cyanobacteria, is a promising alternative to conventional fuels obtained from non-renewable resources. Several species of microalgae have been investigated as potential candidates for the production of biofuels, for the most part due to their exceptional metabolic capability to accumulate large quantities of lipids. Constraint-based modeling, a systems biology approach that accurately predicts the metabolic phenotype of phototrophs, has been deployed to identify suitable culture conditions as well as to explore genetic enhancement strategies for bioproduction. Core metabolic models were employed to gain insight into the central carbon metabolism in photosynthetic microorganisms. More recently, comprehensive genome-scale models, including organelle-specific information at high resolution, have been developed to gain new insight into the metabolism of phototrophic cell factories. Here, we review the current state of the art of constraint-based modeling and computational method development and discuss how advanced models led to increased prediction accuracy and thus improved lipid production in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D. Tibocha-Bonilla
- Grupo de Investigación en Procesos Químicos y Bioquímicos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Av. Carrera 30 No. 45-03, Bogotá, D.C. Colombia
| | - Cristal Zuñiga
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0760 USA
| | - Rubén D. Godoy-Silva
- Grupo de Investigación en Procesos Químicos y Bioquímicos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Av. Carrera 30 No. 45-03, Bogotá, D.C. Colombia
| | - Karsten Zengler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0760 USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0412 USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0436 USA
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Mukherjee R, Paul T, Halder SK, Soren JP, Banerjee A, Mondal KC, Pati BR, Mohapatra PKD. Characterization of an acidophilic α-amylase from Aspergillus niger RBP7 and study of catalytic potential in response to nutritionally important heterogeneous compound. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.14232/abs.2018.1.75-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
An acidophilic α-amylase from Aspergillus niger RBP7 was purified after solid state fermentation on potato peel substrate. Molecular mass of the purified α-amylase was 37.5 kDa and it exhibited 1.4 mg/ml and 0.992 μ/mol/min Km and Vmax values, respectively. The enzyme was stable in the pH range from 2.0 to 6.0, at high NaCl concentration (3 M) and at temperatures between 40 °C and 70 °C. The enzyme showed an optimal activity at pH 3.0 and at 45 °C. The enzyme was inhibited by Hg2+ and was stable in the presence of different surfactants (Tween 60, Tween 80, and SDS at 1% level) and different inhibitory reagents (β-mercaptoethanol, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, and sodium azide). This acidophilic amylase enzyme can digest heterogeneous food materials, i.e. the mixture of rice, fish, bread and curry with comparable activity to the commercial diastase enzymes available.
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68
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Shen R, Yin J, Ye JW, Xiang RJ, Ning ZY, Huang WZ, Chen GQ. Promoter Engineering for Enhanced P(3HB- co-4HB) Production by Halomonas bluephagenesis. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:1897-1906. [PMID: 30024739 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Promoters for the expression of heterologous genes in Halomonas bluephagenesis are quite limited, and many heterologous promoters function abnormally in this strain. Pporin, a promoter of the strongest expressed protein porin in H. bluephagenesis, is one of the few promoters available for heterologous expression in H. bluephagenesis, yet it has a fixed transcriptional activity that cannot be tuned. A stable promoter library with a wide range of activities is urgently needed. This study reports an approach to construct a promoter library based on the Pporin core region, namely, from the -35 box to the transcription start site, a spacer and an insulator. Saturation mutagenesis was conducted inside the promoter core region to significantly increase the diversity within the promoter library. The promoter library worked in both E. coli and H. bluephagenesis, covering a wide range of relative transcriptional strengths from 40 to 140 000. The library is therefore suitable for the transcription of many different heterologous genes, serving as a platform for protein expression and fine-tuned metabolic engineering of H. bluephagenesis TD01 and its derivative strains. H. bluephagenesis strains harboring the orfZ gene encoding 4HB-CoA transferase driven by selected promoters from the library were constructed, the best one produced over 100 g/L cell dry weight containing 80% poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co-11 mol % 4-hydroxybutyrate) with a productivity of 1.59 g/L/h after 50 h growth under nonsterile fed-batch conditions. This strain was found the best for P(3HB- co-4HB) production in the laboratory scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shen
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin Yin
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jian-Wen Ye
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | - Zhi-Yu Ning
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wu-Zhe Huang
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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69
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de Borba TM, Machado TB, Brandelli A, Kalil SJ. Thermal stability and catalytic properties of protease from
Bacillus
sp. P45 active in organic solvents and ionic liquid. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:1102-1108. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thais M. de Borba
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biosseparações, Escola de Química de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio GrandeRio Grande RS 96203‐900 Brazil
| | - Taiele B. Machado
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biosseparações, Escola de Química de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio GrandeRio Grande RS 96203‐900 Brazil
| | - Adriano Brandelli
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Aplicada, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre RS 91501‐970 Brazil
| | - Susana J. Kalil
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biosseparações, Escola de Química de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio GrandeRio Grande RS 96203‐900 Brazil
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70
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Vilaça P, Maia P, Giesteira H, Rocha I, Rocha M. Analyzing and Designing Cell Factories with OptFlux. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1716:37-76. [PMID: 29222748 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7528-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
OptFlux was launched in 2010 as the first open-source and user-friendly platform containing all the major methods for performing metabolic engineering tasks in silico. Main features included the possibility of performing microbial strain simulations with widely used methods such as Flux Balance Analysis and strain design using Evolutionary Algorithms. Since then, OptFlux suffered a major re-factoring to improve its efficiency and reliability, while many features were added in the form of novel plug-ins, such as the BioVisualizer and the over/under expression plug-ins. The current chapter described the main mathematical formulations of the major methods implemented within OptFlux, also providing a detailed guide on the usage of those functionalities.
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71
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Khan BM, Cheong KL, Liu Y. ATPS: “Aqueous two-phase system” as the “answer to protein separation” for protein-processing food industry. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:3165-3178. [PMID: 29883189 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1486283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Muhammad Khan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Kit-Leong Cheong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
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72
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Wu W, Long MR, Zhang X, Reed JL, Maravelias CT. A framework for the identification of promising bio‐based chemicals. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:2328-2340. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhao Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin
| | - Matthew R. Long
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin
| | - Jennifer L. Reed
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin
| | - Christos T. Maravelias
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin
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73
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Shen L, Li Z, Wang J, Liu A, Li Z, Yu R, Wu X, Liu Y, Li J, Zeng W. Characterization of extracellular polysaccharide/protein contents during the adsorption of Cd(II) by Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:20713-20722. [PMID: 29754298 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria have been proven to be cheaper and more effective for the removal of metallic elements in aqueous solutions. In this study, the living cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 was used to adsorb Cd(II) and its extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were investigated in the adsorption process. The initial stage of adsorption of Cd(II) was a rapid process, and then increase slowly accompanied with the increases of biomass. The final adsorption percentage could achieve 86% when the Cd(II) concentration was 0.5 mg/L. It proved that Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 has a good adsorption capacity for heavy metal ions. EPS was extracted to investigate the secretion of which was dynamic and the maximum extracellular polysaccharides and proteins were 134.2 and 100.9 mg/g, respectively. Furthermore, the real-time PCR (RT-PCR) results of genes (slr0977 and exoD) involved in EPS synthesis and secretion indicated that the EPS production was firstly increased and then decreased slightly. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation revealed that heavy metal ions were absorbed into EPS layer. Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR) analysis showed that EPS was rich in functional groups which could combine with heavy metal ions, such as -OH and -NH groups. All the results obtained show that the secretion of EPS by cyanobacteria was one of the ways to resist heavy metal stress. And it shows a trend of rising first and then decreasing, the change regulation of which was consistent with adsorptive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shen
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhanfei Li
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ajuan Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Runlan Yu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xueling Wu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yuandong Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Jiaokun Li
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Weimin Zeng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China.
- CSIRO Process Science and Engineering, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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74
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Viñambres M, Filice M, Marciello M. Modulation of the Catalytic Properties of Lipase B from Candida antarctica by Immobilization on Tailor-Made Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: The Key Role of Nanocarrier Surface Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E615. [PMID: 30966649 PMCID: PMC6404122 DOI: 10.3390/polym10060615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The immobilization of biocatalysts on magnetic nanomaterial surface is a very attractive alternative to achieve enzyme nanoderivatives with highly improved properties. The combination between the careful tailoring of nanocarrier surfaces and the site-specific chemical modification of biomacromolecules is a crucial parameter to finely modulate the catalytic behavior of the biocatalyst. In this work, a useful strategy to immobilize chemically aminated lipase B from Candida antarctica on magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) by covalent multipoint attachment or hydrophobic physical adsorption upon previous tailored engineering of nanocarriers with poly-carboxylic groups (citric acid or succinic anhydride, CALBEDA@CA-NPs and CALBEDA@SA-NPs respectively) or hydrophobic layer (oleic acid, CALBEDA@OA-NPs) is described. After full characterization, the nanocatalysts have been assessed in the enantioselective kinetic resolution of racemic methyl mandelate. Depending on the immobilization strategy, each enzymatic nanoderivative permitted to selectively improve a specific property of the biocatalyst. In general, all the immobilization protocols permitted loading from good to high lipase amount (149 < immobilized lipase < 234 mg/gFe). The hydrophobic CALBEDA@OA-NPs was the most active nanocatalyst, whereas the covalent CALBEDA@CA-NPs and CALBEDA@SA-NPs were revealed to be the most thermostable and also the most enantioselective ones in the kinetic resolution reaction (almost 90% ee R-enantiomer). A strategy to maintain all these properties in long-time storage (up to 1 month) by freeze-drying was also optimized. Therefore, the nanocarrier surface engineering is demonstrated to be a key-parameter in the design and preparation of lipase libraries with enhanced catalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Viñambres
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioinspired Material, Materials Science Institute of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marco Filice
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- National Research Centre for Cardiovascular Disease (CNIC), C/Melchor Fernández-Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), C/Melchor Fernández-Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marzia Marciello
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioinspired Material, Materials Science Institute of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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75
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Mbanjwa MB, Land KJ, Windvoel T, Papala PM, Fourie L, Korvink JG, Visser D, Brady D. Production of self-immobilised enzyme microspheres using microfluidics. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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76
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Ferro R, Rennig M, Hernández-Rollán C, Daley DO, Nørholm MHH. A synbio approach for selection of highly expressed gene variants in Gram-positive bacteria. Microb Cell Fact 2018. [PMID: 29519251 PMCID: PMC5842541 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0886-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The market for recombinant proteins is on the rise, and Gram-positive strains are widely exploited for this purpose. Bacillus subtilis is a profitable host for protein production thanks to its ability to secrete large amounts of proteins, and Lactococcus lactis is an attractive production organism with a long history in food fermentation. RESULTS We have developed a synbio approach for increasing gene expression in two Gram-positive bacteria. First of all, the gene of interest was coupled to an antibiotic resistance gene to create a growth-based selection system. We then randomised the translation initiation region (TIR) preceding the gene of interest and selected clones that produced high protein titres, as judged by their ability to survive on high concentrations of antibiotic. Using this approach, we were able to significantly increase production of two industrially relevant proteins; sialidase in B. subtilis and tyrosine ammonia lyase in L. lactis. CONCLUSION Gram-positive bacteria are widely used to produce industrial enzymes. High titres are necessary to make the production economically feasible. The synbio approach presented here is a simple and inexpensive way to increase protein titres, which can be carried out in any laboratory within a few days. It could also be implemented as a tool for applications beyond TIR libraries, such as screening of synthetic, homologous or domain-shuffled genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ferro
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.,Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Maja Rennig
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Cristina Hernández-Rollán
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Daniel O Daley
- Center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,CloneOpt AB, Upplands Väsby, Sweden
| | - Morten H H Nørholm
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. .,CloneOpt AB, Upplands Väsby, Sweden.
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77
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Khan MI, Shin JH, Kim JD. The promising future of microalgae: current status, challenges, and optimization of a sustainable and renewable industry for biofuels, feed, and other products. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:36. [PMID: 29506528 PMCID: PMC5836383 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 622] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have recently attracted considerable interest worldwide, due to their extensive application potential in the renewable energy, biopharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. Microalgae are renewable, sustainable, and economical sources of biofuels, bioactive medicinal products, and food ingredients. Several microalgae species have been investigated for their potential as value-added products with remarkable pharmacological and biological qualities. As biofuels, they are a perfect substitute to liquid fossil fuels with respect to cost, renewability, and environmental concerns. Microalgae have a significant ability to convert atmospheric CO2 to useful products such as carbohydrates, lipids, and other bioactive metabolites. Although microalgae are feasible sources for bioenergy and biopharmaceuticals in general, some limitations and challenges remain, which must be overcome to upgrade the technology from pilot-phase to industrial level. The most challenging and crucial issues are enhancing microalgae growth rate and product synthesis, dewatering algae culture for biomass production, pretreating biomass, and optimizing the fermentation process in case of algal bioethanol production. The present review describes the advantages of microalgae for the production of biofuels and various bioactive compounds and discusses culturing parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, San 96-1, Dun-Duk Dong, Yeosu, Chonnam 550-749 South Korea
| | - Jin Hyuk Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, San 96-1, Dun-Duk Dong, Yeosu, Chonnam 550-749 South Korea
| | - Jong Deog Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, San 96-1, Dun-Duk Dong, Yeosu, Chonnam 550-749 South Korea
- Research Center on Anti-Obesity and Health Care, Chonnam National University, San 96-1, Dun-Duk Dong, Yeosu, Chonnam 550-749 South Korea
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78
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Malinich EA, Bauer CE. The plant growth promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense is vertically transmitted in Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean). Symbiosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-018-0539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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79
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Andreev N, Ronteltap M, Boincean B, Lens PNL. Lactic acid fermentation of human excreta for agricultural application. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 206:890-900. [PMID: 29207302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies show that source separated human excreta have a fertilizing potential with benefits to plant growth and crop yield similar or exceeding that of mineral fertilizers. The main challenges in fertilizing with excreta are pathogens, and an increased risk of eutrophication of water bodies in case of runoff. This review shows that lactic acid fermentation of excreta reduces the amount of pathogens, minimizes the nutrient loss and inhibits the production of malodorous compounds, thus increasing its agricultural value. Pathogens (e.g., Enterobacteriacea, Staphylococcus and Clostridium) can be reduced by 7 log CFUg-1 during 7-10 days of fermentation. However, more resistant pathogens (e.g. Ascaris) are not always efficiently removed. Direct application of lacto-fermented faeces to agriculture may be constrained by incomplete decomposition, high concentrations of organic acids or insufficient hygienization. Post-treatment by adding biochar, vermi-composting, or thermophilic composting stabilizes and sanitizes the material. Pot and field experiments on soil conditioners obtained via lactic acid fermentation and post treatment steps (composting or biochar addition) demonstrated increased crop yield and growth, as well as improved soil quality, in comparison to unfertilized controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadejda Andreev
- UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, PO Box 3015, 2601 DA, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Mariska Ronteltap
- UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, PO Box 3015, 2601 DA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Boris Boincean
- Research Institute for Field Crops, Selectia, 28 Calea Ieşilor str, MD 3101 Balti, Moldavia
| | - Piet N L Lens
- UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, PO Box 3015, 2601 DA, Delft, The Netherlands
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80
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Zahedi S, Safaei Ghomi J, Shahbazi-Alavi H. Preparation of chitosan nanoparticles from shrimp shells and investigation of its catalytic effect in diastereoselective synthesis of dihydropyrroles. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 40:260-264. [PMID: 28946423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Preparation of chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) was examined from shrimp shells for their catalytic activity. The yield of crude chitosan was 87.8%. The structure of chitosan nanoparticles was determined by FT-IR, SEM and XRD analysis. Then, diastereoselective synthesis of dihydropyrroles was done using chitosan nanoparticles in water under ultrasonic irradiation. This polymeric nanocatalyst could be used instead of the old toxic commercial organic basic catalysts and could be readily isolated from the reaction mixture and recycled several times without significant loss of catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safura Zahedi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan 51167, Iran; Young Researchers and Elite Club, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Javad Safaei Ghomi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan 51167, Iran.
| | - Hossein Shahbazi-Alavi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan 51167, Iran
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81
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Hena S, Znad H, Heong KT, Judd S. Dairy farm wastewater treatment and lipid accumulation by Arthrospira platensis. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 128:267-277. [PMID: 29107911 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dairy cattle treated wastewaters are potential resources for production of microalgae biofuels. A study was conducted to evaluate the capability of Arthrospira platensis cultivated in dairy farm wastewater for biodiesel production. The biomass of Arthrospira platensis was found to be 4.98 g L-1 and produced 30.23 wt% lipids to dry biomass cultivated in wastewater which was found nitrogen stressed in photo bioreactor. The extracted lipid displayed a suitable fatty acid profile for biodiesel, although the content of linolenic acid was found a little higher than the standard EN14214. It was found that nitrogen stressed medium increase the total lipid content but temperature and intensities of light were the most important factors to control the quantity of linolenic acid and hence the quality of biodiesel, while the optimum CO2 helped to achieve maximum biomass and triacylglycerols. The Arthrospira platensis offer a good option for the treatment of wastewater before final discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, 6845, Australia.
| | - H Znad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, 6845, Australia.
| | - K T Heong
- School of Industrial Technology, University Sains Malaysia, George Town, Penang, 11800, Malaysia
| | - S Judd
- Gas Processing Center, Qatar University, Qatar
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82
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The use of marine-derived fungi for preparation of enantiomerically pure alcohols. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 102:1317-1330. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8707-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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83
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Zhang L, Liu Q, Pan H, Li X, Guo D. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli to high efficient synthesis phenylacetic acid from phenylalanine. AMB Express 2017; 7:105. [PMID: 28549374 PMCID: PMC5445031 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylacetic acid (PAA) is a fine chemical with a high industrial demand for its widespread uses. Whereas, microorganic synthesis of PAA is impeded by the formation of by-product phenethyl alcohol due to quick, endogenous, and superfluous conversion of aldehydes to their corresponding alcohols, which resulted in less conversation of PAA from aldehydes. In this study, an Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 strain with reduced aromatic aldehyde reduction (RARE) that does duty for a platform for aromatic aldehyde biosynthesis was used to prompt more PAA biosynthesis. We establish a microbial biosynthetic pathway for PAA production from the simple substrate phenylalanine in E. coli with heterologous coexpression of aminotransferase (ARO8), keto acid decarboxylase (KDC) and aldehyde dehydrogenase H (AldH) gene. It was found that PAA transformation yield was up to ~94% from phenylalanine in E. coli and there was no by-product phenethyl alcohol was detected. Our results reveal the high efficiency of the RARE strain for production of PAA and indicate the potential industrial applicability of this microbial platform for PAA biosynthesis.
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84
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Biodesulfurization of Petroleum Distillates—Current Status, Opportunities and Future Challenges. ENVIRONMENTS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/environments4040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur oxide (SO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are considered as one of the major air pollutants in the world today. In addition, high sulfur levels in petroleum distillates can promote the deactivation of catalysts through poisoning in fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) during hydrocracking of the heavy distillates to lighter ones. The presence of high sulfur-containing compounds in the process streams could cause corrosion of piping and fittings and equipment, thereby damaging the pipelines and leading to air emissions of sulfur-containing compounds, which are undesirable for mankind and his environment. In many cases, a large quantity of SOx is released into the atmosphere when petroleum distillates that contain substantial amount of sulphur-containing compounds are used as fuel and combust. In this article, a short overview of different desulfurization methods that are employed to remove sulfur from petroleum distillates is provided. In particular, the review concentrates on biodesulfurization technique. In addition, this article intends to provide its readers current status of biodesulfurization (BDS). It critically analyses the trend in the development of the technology to showcase its strength and weakness that could pave a way for future opportunities. Approaches that are suitable to remediate sulfur-contaminated environment are discussed as well. Lastly, speculations on future directions or opportunities that require exploration are provided as a way of provoking the thoughts of researchers in this field.
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85
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Weiss TL, Young EJ, Ducat DC. A synthetic, light-driven consortium of cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria enables stable polyhydroxybutyrate production. Metab Eng 2017; 44:236-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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86
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Hlihor RM, Roşca M, Tavares T, Gavrilescu M. The role of Arthrobacter viscosus in the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 76:1726-1738. [PMID: 28991789 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to establish the optimum parameters for the biosorption of Pb(II) by dead and living Arthrobacter viscosus biomass from aqueous solution. It was found that at an initial pH of 4 and 26 °C, the dead biomass was able to remove 97% of 100 mg/L Pb(II), while the living biomass removed 96% of 100 mg/L Pb(II) at an initial pH of 6 and 28 ± 2 °C. The results were modeled using various kinetic and isotherm models so as to find out the mechanism of Pb(II) removal by A. viscosus. The modeling results indicated that Pb(II) biosorption by A. viscosus was based on a chemical reaction and that sorption occurred at the functional groups on the surface of the biomass. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (SEM-EDX) analyses confirmed these findings. The suitability of living biomass as biosorbent in the form of a biofilm immobilized on star-shaped polyethylene supports was also demonstrated. The results suggest that the use of dead and living A. viscosus for the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions is an effective alternative, considering that up to now it has only been used in the form of biofilms supported on different zeolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Maria Hlihor
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, 'Gheorghe Asachi' Technical University of Iasi, 73 Prof.dr.docent D. Mangeron Street, 700050 Iasi, Romania E-mail: ; Department of Horticultural Technologies, Faculty of Horticulture, 'Ion Ionescu de la Brad' University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Iasi, 3 Aleea Mihail Sadoveanu, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihaela Roşca
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, 'Gheorghe Asachi' Technical University of Iasi, 73 Prof.dr.docent D. Mangeron Street, 700050 Iasi, Romania E-mail:
| | - Teresa Tavares
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria Gavrilescu
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, 'Gheorghe Asachi' Technical University of Iasi, 73 Prof.dr.docent D. Mangeron Street, 700050 Iasi, Romania E-mail: ; Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei, RO-050094 Bucharest, Romania
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87
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Low-Frequency Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as a Monitoring Tool for Yeast Growth in Industrial Brewing Processes. CHEMOSENSORS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors5030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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88
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Caamaño E, Loperena L, Hinzpeter I, Pradel P, Gordillo F, Corsini G, Tello M, Lavín P, González AR. Isolation and molecular characterization of Thraustochytrium strain isolated from Antarctic Peninsula and its biotechnological potential in the production of fatty acids. Braz J Microbiol 2017; 48:671-679. [PMID: 28651890 PMCID: PMC5628321 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thraustochytrids are unicellular protists belonging to the Labyrinthulomycetes class, which are characterized by the presence of a high lipid content that could replace conventional fatty acids. They show a wide geographic distribution, however their diversity in the Antarctic Region is rather scarce. The analysis based on the complete sequence of 18S rRNA gene showed that strain 34-2 belongs to the species Thraustochytrium kinnei, with 99% identity. The total lipid profile shows a wide range of saturated fatty acids with abundance of palmitic acid (16:0), showing a range of 16.1-19.7%. On the other hand, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid are present in a range of 24-48% and 6.1-9.3%, respectively. All factors analyzed in cells (biomass, carbon consumption and lipid content) changed with variations of culture temperature (10°C and 25°C). The growth in glucose at a temperature of 10°C presented the most favorable conditions to produce omega-3fatty acid. This research provides the identification and characterization of a Thraustochytrids strain, with a total lipid content that presents potential applications in the production of nutritional supplements and as well biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Caamaño
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental y Extremófilos, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Lyliam Loperena
- Instituto de Ingeniería Química, Departamento de Bioingeniería, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ivonne Hinzpeter
- Departamento de Gobierno y Empresa, Universidad de los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Paulina Pradel
- Centro de Interacción Planta-Suelo y Biotecnología de Recursos Naturales, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Felipe Gordillo
- Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Gino Corsini
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
| | - Mario Tello
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paris Lavín
- Laboratorio de Complejidad Microbiana y Ecología Funcional, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Alex R González
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental y Extremófilos, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Lagos, Osorno, Chile.
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Hatakeyama M, Kitaoka T, Ichinose H. Impacts of amino acid substitutions in fungal cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP57B3) on the effective production of 3΄-hydroxygenistein. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2017; 364:3833133. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Hatakeyama
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Takuya Kitaoka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Ichinose
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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90
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Gunukula S, Anex R. Evaluating and guiding the development of sustainable biorenewable chemicals with feasible space analysis. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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91
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Biotechnological advances and perspectives of gamma-aminobutyric acid production. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:64. [PMID: 28247260 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2234-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a four-carbon non-protein amino acid that is widely distributed among various organisms. Since GABA has several well-known physiological functions, such as mediating neurotransmission and hypotensive activity, as well as having tranquilizer effects, it is commonly used as a bioactive compound in the food, pharmaceutical and feed industries. The major pathway of GABA biosynthesis is the irreversible decarboxylation of L-glutamate catalyzed by glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), which develops a safe, sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative in comparison with traditional chemical synthesis methods. To date, several microorganisms have been successfully engineered for high-level GABA biosynthesis by overexpressing exogenous GADs. However, the activity of almost all reported microbial GADs sharply decreases at physiological near-neutral pH, which in turn provokes negative effects on the application of these GADs in the recombinant strains for GABA production. Therefore, ongoing efforts in the molecular evolution of GADs, in combination with high-throughput screening and metabolic engineering of particular producer strains, offer fascinating new prospects for effective, environmentally friendly and economically viable GABA biosynthesis. In this review, we briefly introduce the applications in which GABA is used, and summarize the most important methods associated with GABA production. The major achievements and present challenges in the biotechnological synthesis of GABA, focusing on screening and enzyme engineering of GADs, as well as metabolic engineering strategy for one-step GABA biosynthesis, will be extensively discussed.
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Oesterle S, Wuethrich I, Panke S. Toward Genome-Based Metabolic Engineering in Bacteria. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2017; 101:49-82. [PMID: 29050667 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Prokaryotes modified stably on the genome are of great importance for production of fine and commodity chemicals. Traditional methods for genome engineering have long suffered from imprecision and low efficiencies, making construction of suitable high-producer strains laborious. Here, we review the recent advances in discovery and refinement of molecular precision engineering tools for genome-based metabolic engineering in bacteria for chemical production, with focus on the λ-Red recombineering and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 nuclease systems. In conjunction, they enable the integration of in vitro-synthesized DNA segments into specified locations on the chromosome and allow for enrichment of rare mutants by elimination of unmodified wild-type cells. Combination with concurrently developing improvements in important accessory technologies such as DNA synthesis, high-throughput screening methods, regulatory element design, and metabolic pathway optimization tools has resulted in novel efficient microbial producer strains and given access to new metabolic products. These new tools have made and will likely continue to make a big impact on the bioengineering strategies that transform the chemical industry.
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94
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Harding K, Harrison S. Generic flow sheet model for early inventory estimates of industrial microbial processes. I. Flowsheet development, microbial growth and product formation. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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95
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A Novel Application for Low Frequency Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as an Online Process Monitoring Tool for Viable Cell Concentrations. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16111900. [PMID: 27845720 PMCID: PMC5134559 DOI: 10.3390/s16111900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
New approaches in process monitoring during industrial fermentations are not only limited to classical pH, dO2 and offgas analysis, but use different in situ and online sensors based on different physical principles to determine biomass, product quality, lysis and far more. One of the very important approaches is the in situ accessibility of viable cell concentration (VCC). This knowledge provides increased efficiency in monitoring and controlling strategies during cultivations. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy—EIS—is used to monitor biomass in a fermentation of E. coli BL21(DE3), producing a recombinant protein using a fed batch-based approach. Increases in the double layer capacitance (Cdl), determined at frequencies below 1 kHz, are proportional to the increase of biomass in the batch and fed batch phase, monitored in offline and online modes for different cultivations. A good correlation of Cdl with cell density is found and in order to get an appropriate verification of this method, different state-of-the-art biomass measurements are performed and compared. Since measurements in this frequency range are largely determined by the double layer region between the electrode and media, rather minor interferences with process parameters (aeration, stirring) are to be expected. It is shown that impedance spectroscopy at low frequencies is a powerful tool for cultivation monitoring.
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96
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Large-scale bioprocess competitiveness: the potential of dynamic metabolic control in two-stage fermentations. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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97
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Shurin JB, Burkart MD, Mayfield SP, Smith VH. Recent progress and future challenges in algal biofuel production. F1000Res 2016; 5. [PMID: 27781084 PMCID: PMC5054820 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.9217.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern society is fueled by fossil energy produced millions of years ago by photosynthetic organisms. Cultivating contemporary photosynthetic producers to generate energy and capture carbon from the atmosphere is one potential approach to sustaining society without disrupting the climate. Algae, photosynthetic aquatic microorganisms, are the fastest growing primary producers in the world and can therefore produce more energy with less land, water, and nutrients than terrestrial plant crops. We review recent progress and challenges in developing bioenergy technology based on algae. A variety of high-value products in addition to biofuels can be harvested from algal biomass, and these may be key to developing algal biotechnology and realizing the commercial potential of these organisms. Aspects of algal biology that differentiate them from plants demand an integrative approach based on genetics, cell biology, ecology, and evolution. We call for a systems approach to research on algal biotechnology rooted in understanding their biology, from the level of genes to ecosystems, and integrating perspectives from physical, chemical, and social sciences to solve one of the most critical outstanding technological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Shurin
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Michael D Burkart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Stephen P Mayfield
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Val H Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Kansas, USA
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Magalhães P, Pinto L, Gonçalves A, Araújo JE, Santos HM, Capelo JL, Saénz Y, de Toro M, Torres C, Chambon C, Hébraud M, Poeta P, Igrejas G. Could transformation mechanisms of acetylase-harboring pMdT1 plasmid be evaluated through proteomic tools in Escherichia coli? J Proteomics 2016; 145:103-111. [PMID: 27072110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Escherichia coli is a commensal microorganism of the gastrointestinal tract of animals and humans and it is an excellent model organism for the study of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. The resistance transmission and other characteristics of bacteria are based on different types of gene transfer occurring throughout the bacterial evolution. One of which is horizontal gene transfer that allows us to understand the ability of bacteria to acquire new genes. One dimensional and two dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) techniques were performed in order to identify and characterize the proteome of two E. coli strains: Electromax DH10B, a transformation-ready strain; and TF-Se20, the Electromax DH10B that contains the aac(6')-Ib-cr4-harboring pMdT1 plasmid. After 2-DE and subsequent analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), it was possible to identify 76 distinct proteins on the TF-Se20 strain, whereas 71 had a known function. From Electromax DH10B strain, 72 different proteins were identified of which 71 were associated with a biological process. The protein of interest, aminoglycoside N-(6')-acetyltransferase type 1, was identified by MALDI-TOF MS. The liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technique was performed to determine its sequence. Seventy six percent of the acetylase sequence was reconstructed only in the TF-Se20 strain, representing the single protein associated to antibiotic resistance. MALDI-TOF MS and LC-MS/MS approaches allowed us to determine the total proteome of both strains, as well as the acetylase sequence. Both of them enhance the ability to obtain more accurate information about the mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance. The pMdT1 plasmid brings a new perspective in understanding the metabolic processes that lead to antibiotic resistance. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study highlights the importance of proteomics and bioinformatics in understanding mechanisms of gene transfer and antibiotic resistance. These two approaches allow to compare the protein expression in different samples, as well as different biological processes related to each protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Magalhães
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís Pinto
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Gonçalves
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José Eduardo Araújo
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, University NOVA of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Hugo M Santos
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, University NOVA of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal; ProteoMass Scientific Society, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Caparica, Portugal
| | - José Luis Capelo
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, University NOVA of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal; ProteoMass Scientific Society, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Yolanda Saénz
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - María de Toro
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnologia de Cantabria IBBTEC, Universidad de Cantabria/CSIC, Santander, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain; Department of Food and Agriculture, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Christophe Chambon
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Plate-Forme d'Exploration du Métabolisme composante protéomique (PFEMcp), France
| | - Michel Hébraud
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Plate-Forme d'Exploration du Métabolisme composante protéomique (PFEMcp), France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, UR454 Microbiologie, France
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, University NOVA of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal; Veterinary Science Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, University NOVA of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal.
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Coghetto CC, Brinques GB, Ayub MAZ. Probiotics production and alternative encapsulation methodologies to improve their viabilities under adverse environmental conditions. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 67:929-43. [PMID: 27456038 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1211995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Probiotic products are dietary supplements containing live microorganisms producing beneficial health effects on the host by improving intestinal balance and nutrient absorption. Among probiotic microorganisms, those classified as lactic acid bacteria are of major importance to the food and feed industries. Probiotic cells can be produced using alternative carbon and nitrogen sources, such as agroindustrial residues, at the same time contributing to reduce process costs. On the other hand, the survival of probiotic cells in formulated food products, as well as in the host gut, is an essential nutritional aspect concerning health benefits. Therefore, several cell microencapsulation techniques have been investigated as a way to improve cell viability and survival under adverse environmental conditions, such as the gastrointestinal milieu of hosts. In this review, different aspects of probiotic cells and technologies of their related products are discussed, including formulation of culture media, and aspects of cell microencapsulation techniques required to improve their survival in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaline Caren Coghetto
- a Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering Laboratory (BiotecLab) , Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Graziela Brusch Brinques
- b Nutrition Department , Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Záchia Ayub
- a Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering Laboratory (BiotecLab) , Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
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Eloka-Eboka AC, Onunka C. Fuel properties comparison of species of microalgae and selected second-generation oil feedstocks. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION & DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1128041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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