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de Vos WM. Fame and future of faecal transplantations--developing next-generation therapies with synthetic microbiomes. Microb Biotechnol 2013. [PMID: 23574632 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While practised for over thousand years, there is presently a renaissance in the interest of using of faecal transplantations to modify the intestinal microbiota of patients. This clinical practice consists of delivering large amounts of bowel microbes in various forms into the intestinal tract of the recipient that usually has been cleared previously. The major reason for the popularity of faecal transplantations is their effectiveness in treating a variety of diseases. Hence, there is a need to develop this procedure to the next level. While there are various developments to select, standardize and store the donor microbiota, it is more challenging to understand the intestinal microbial communities and develop ways to deliver these via robust biotechnological processes. The various approaches that have been followed to do so are discussed in this contribution that is also addressing the concept of the minimal microbiome as well as the production of the synthetic communities that can be instrumental in new therapeutic avenues to modify the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem M de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Wang PY, Clements LR, Thissen H, Tsai WB, Voelcker NH. High-throughput characterisation of osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells using pore size gradients on porous alumina. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:924-932. [DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60026b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Hesselman MC, Odoni DI, Ryback BM, de Groot S, van Heck RGA, Keijsers J, Kolkman P, Nieuwenhuijse D, van Nuland YM, Sebus E, Spee R, de Vries H, Wapenaar MT, Ingham CJ, Schroën K, Martins dos Santos VAP, Spaans SK, Hugenholtz F, van Passel MWJ. A multi-platform flow device for microbial (co-) cultivation and microscopic analysis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36982. [PMID: 22606321 PMCID: PMC3351485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel microbial cultivation platforms are of increasing interest to researchers in academia and industry. The development of materials with specialized chemical and geometric properties has opened up new possibilities in the study of previously unculturable microorganisms and has facilitated the design of elegant, high-throughput experimental set-ups. Within the context of the international Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) competition, we set out to design, manufacture, and implement a flow device that can accommodate multiple growth platforms, that is, a silicon nitride based microsieve and a porous aluminium oxide based microdish. It provides control over (co-)culturing conditions similar to a chemostat, while allowing organisms to be observed microscopically. The device was designed to be affordable, reusable, and above all, versatile. To test its functionality and general utility, we performed multiple experiments with Escherichia coli cells harboring synthetic gene circuits and were able to quantitatively study emerging expression dynamics in real-time via fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the device provides a unique environment for the cultivation of nematodes, suggesting that the device could also prove useful in microscopy studies of multicellular microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorett I. Odoni
- Wageningen UR iGEM 2011 Team, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Brendan M. Ryback
- Wageningen UR iGEM 2011 Team, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Suzette de Groot
- Wageningen UR iGEM 2011 Team, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben G. A. van Heck
- Wageningen UR iGEM 2011 Team, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Keijsers
- Wageningen UR iGEM 2011 Team, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pim Kolkman
- Wageningen UR iGEM 2011 Team, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - David Nieuwenhuijse
- Wageningen UR iGEM 2011 Team, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Youri M. van Nuland
- Wageningen UR iGEM 2011 Team, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Sebus
- Wageningen UR iGEM 2011 Team, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Spee
- Wageningen UR iGEM 2011 Team, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo de Vries
- Wageningen UR iGEM 2011 Team, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marten T. Wapenaar
- Wageningen UR iGEM 2011 Team, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Karin Schroën
- Food Process Engineering, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sebastiaan K. Spaans
- Wageningen UR iGEM 2011 Team, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Floor Hugenholtz
- Wageningen UR iGEM 2011 Team, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Systems Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark W. J. van Passel
- Wageningen UR iGEM 2011 Team, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Ingham CJ, Schneeberger PM. Microcolony imaging of Aspergillus fumigatus treated with echinocandins reveals both fungistatic and fungicidal activities. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35478. [PMID: 22536390 PMCID: PMC3334906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The echinocandins are lipopeptides that can be employed as antifungal drugs that inhibit the synthesis of 1,3-β-glucans within the fungal cell wall. Anidulafungin and caspofungin are echinocandins used in the treatment of Candida infections and have activity against other fungi including Aspergillus fumigatus. The echinocandins are generally considered fungistatic against Aspergillus species. Methods Culture of A. fumigatus from conidia to microcolonies on a support of porous aluminium oxide (PAO), combined with fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, was used to investigate the effects of anidulafungin and caspofungin. The PAO was an effective matrix for conidial germination and microcolony growth. Additionally, PAO supports could be moved between agar plates containing different concentrations of echinocandins to change dosage and to investigate the recovery of fungal microcolonies from these drugs. Culture on PAO combined with microscopy and image analysis permits quantitative studies on microcolony growth with the flexibility of adding or removing antifungal agents, dyes, fixatives or osmotic stresses during growth with minimal disturbance of fungal microcolonies. Significance Anidulafungin and caspofungin reduced but did not halt growth at the microcony level; additionally both drugs killed individual cells, particularly at concentrations around the MIC. Intact but not lysed cells showed rapid recovery when the drugs were removed. The classification of these drugs as either fungistatic or fungicidal is simplistic. Microcolony analysis on PAO appears to be a valuable tool to investigate the action of antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J Ingham
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
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Ruiquan Y, Longfei J, Xufei Z, Ye S, Dongliang Y, Aijun H. Theoretical derivation of ionic current and electronic current and comparison between fitting curves and measured curves. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra22124a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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