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Amić A, Marković Z, Dimitrić Marković JM, Stepanić V, Lučić B, Amić D. Towards an improved prediction of the free radical scavenging potency of flavonoids: the significance of double PCET mechanisms. Food Chem 2013; 152:578-85. [PMID: 24444978 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The 1H(+)/1e(-) and 2H(+)/2e(-) proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) processes of free radical scavenging by flavonoids were theoretically studied for aqueous and lipid environments using the PM6 and PM7 methods. The results reported here indicate that the significant contribution of the second PCET mechanism, resulting in the formation of a quinone/quinone methide, effectively discriminates the active from inactive flavonoids. The predictive potency of descriptors related to the energetics of second PCET mechanisms (the second O-H bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE2) related to hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) mechanism, and the second electron transfer enthalpy (ETE2) related to sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET) mechanism) are superior to the currently used indices, which are related to the first 1H(+)/1e(-) processes, and could serve as primary descriptors in development of the QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationships) of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Amić
- Department of Biology, The Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, Cara Hadrijana 8a, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zoran Marković
- Department of Chemical-Technological Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića bb, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | | | - Višnja Stepanić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Bošković Institute, P.O. Box 180, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bono Lučić
- NMR Center, Rudjer Bošković Institute, P.O. Box 180, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dragan Amić
- Faculty of Agriculture, The Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, Kralja Petra Svačića 1d, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
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Ravishankar D, Rajora AK, Greco F, Osborn HM. Flavonoids as prospective compounds for anti-cancer therapy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:2821-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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53
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Bond dissociation free energy as a general parameter for flavonoid radical scavenging activity. Food Chem 2013; 141:1562-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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54
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van Wenum E, Jurczakowski R, Litwinienko G. Media Effects on the Mechanism of Antioxidant Action of Silybin and 2,3-Dehydrosilybin: Role of the Enol Group. J Org Chem 2013; 78:9102-12. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401296k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina van Wenum
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafal Jurczakowski
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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55
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Galano A, Alvarez-Idaboy JR. A computational methodology for accurate predictions of rate constants in solution: Application to the assessment of primary antioxidant activity. J Comput Chem 2013; 34:2430-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Annia Galano
- Departamento de Química; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa; San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina. Iztapalapa. C. P.; 09340; México D. F.; México
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Uivarosi V, Badea M, Olar R, Drǎghici C, Bǎrbuceanu ŞF. Synthesis and characterization of some new complexes of magnesium (II) and zinc (II) with the natural flavonoid primuletin. Molecules 2013; 18:7631-45. [PMID: 23884117 PMCID: PMC6270113 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18077631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new metal complexes formulated as [Mg(L)2(H2O)2]·H2O (1) and [Zn(L)2(H2O)2]·0.5H2O (2), where HL = 5-hydroxyflavone (primuletin), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental and thermal analyses, molar conductance, IR, UV-Vis, 1H- and 13C-NMR, fluorescence and mass spectra. In solid state, complexes had shown higher fluorescence intensities comparing to the free ligand, and this behavior is appreciated as a consequence of the coordination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Uivarosi
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia St, Bucharest 020956, Romania
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +40-21-318-0742; Fax: +40-21-318-0750
| | - Mihaela Badea
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 90-92 Panduri St., Bucharest 050663, Romania; E-Mails: (M.B.); (R.O.)
| | - Rodica Olar
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 90-92 Panduri St., Bucharest 050663, Romania; E-Mails: (M.B.); (R.O.)
| | - Constantin Drǎghici
- Center of Organic Chemistry C.D. Nenitzescu, Romanian Academy, 202 B Splaiul Independenţei, Bucharest 060023, Romania; E-Mail:
| | - Ştefania Felicia Bǎrbuceanu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia St, Bucharest 020956, Romania; E-Mail:
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Modelli A, Pshenichnyuk SA. Gas-phase dissociative electron attachment to flavonoids and possible similarities to their metabolic pathways. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:1588-600. [PMID: 23243660 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43379f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The gas-phase empty-level structures and formation of anion states via resonance attachment of low-energy electrons to the flavonoids naringenin (III), quercetin (IV) and myricetin (V) and the smaller reference molecules chromone (I) and flavone (II) are investigated experimentally for the first time. Dissociative electron attachment spectroscopy (DEAS) is used to measure the fragment anion currents generated through dissociative decay channels of the molecular anions of compounds I–V, detected with a mass filter as a function of the incident electron energy in the 0–14 eV energy range. Due to the insufficient volatility of flavonoids III–V, the energies of vertical electron attachment associated with temporary occupation of the lower-lying virtual orbitals are measured with electron transmission spectroscopy (ETS) only in the smaller reference molecules I and II. The experimental findings are interpreted with the support of appropriate density functional theory calculations with the B3LYP functional. The experimental vertical electron attachment energies measured in the ET spectra of I and II are compared with the orbital energies of the neutral molecules scaled using an empirically calibrated linear equation. The vertical and adiabatic electron affinities are evaluated at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d) level as the anion/neutral total energy difference. The latter theoretical method is also used for evaluation of the most stable conformers of the neutral molecules, O–H bond dissociation energies and thermodynamic energy thresholds for production of the anion fragments observed in the DEA spectra. A possible role played by loss of an H(2) molecule from the parent molecular anion in vivo in the mitochondrial respiratory chain is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Modelli
- Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica G. Ciamician, via, Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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58
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PM6 study of free radical scavenging mechanisms of flavonoids: why does O–H bond dissociation enthalpy effectively represent free radical scavenging activity? J Mol Model 2013; 19:2593-603. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-013-1800-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zhang D, Liu Y, Chu L, Wei Y, Wang D, Cai S, Zhou F, Ji B. Relationship Between the Structures of Flavonoids and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity Values: A Quantum Chemical Analysis. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:1784-94. [PMID: 23343226 DOI: 10.1021/jp307746c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixiang Liu
- Bioengineering School, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Le Chu
- Jinan Fruit Research Institute, All China Federation of Supply & Marketing Co-operatives, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wei
- Chinese National Research Institute of Food & Fermentation Industries, Beijing 100027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengbao Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoping Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
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Sharma P, Singh R. Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity in Foods with Special Reference to TEAC Method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3923/ajft.2013.83.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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61
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Nam PC, Chandra AK, Nguyen MT. Performance of an integrated approach for prediction of bond dissociation enthalpies of phenols extracted from ginger and tea. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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62
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Kabanda MM. Antioxidant Activity of Rooperol Investigated through Cu (I and II) Chelation Ability and the Hydrogen Transfer Mechanism: A DFT Study. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:2153-66. [DOI: 10.1021/tx300244z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mwadham M. Kabanda
- Department of Chemistry, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag x 2046, Mmabatho 2735,
South Africa
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63
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Vagánek A, Rimarčík J, Lukeš V, Klein E. On the energetics of homolytic and heterolytic OH bond cleavage in flavonoids. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tebrophen--an old polyphenol drug with anticancer potential. Molecules 2012; 17:7864-86. [PMID: 22743590 PMCID: PMC6268439 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17077864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro high-throughput screening was carried out in order to detect new activities for old drugs and to select compounds for the drug development process comprising new indications. Tebrophen, a known antiviral drug, was found to inhibit activities on inflammation and cancer related targets. In primary screening this semisynthetic halogenated polyphenol was identified to inhibit the activities of kinases ZAP-70 and Lck (IC50 0.34 µM and 16 µM, respectively), as well as hydrolase DPPIV (at 80 µM 41% inhibition). Next, it showed no cytotoxic effects on standard cell lines within 24 h. However, tebrophen slowed propagation of breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), osteosarcoma (U2OS) and cervical carcinoma (HeLa), through at least 35 population doublings in a dose-dependent manner. It completely stopped the division of the prostate cancer (PC3) cell line at 50 µM concentration and the cells entered massive cell death in less than 20 days. On the other hand, tebrophen did not influence the growth of normal fibroblasts. According to the measured oxidative burst and estimated in silico parameters its direct antioxidative ability is limited. The obtained results indicate that tebrophen can be considered a promising lead molecule for generating more soluble derivatives with specific anticancer efficacy.
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65
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The basic antioxidant structure for flavonoid derivatives. J Mol Model 2012; 18:4073-80. [PMID: 22527272 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1397-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An antioxidant structure-activity study is carried out in this work with ten flavonoid compounds using quantum chemistry calculations with the functional of density theory method. According to the geometry obtained by using the B3LYP/6-31G(d) method, the HOMO, ionization potential, stabilization energies, and spin density distribution showed that the flavonol is the more antioxidant nucleus. The spin density contribution is determinant for the stability of the free radical. The number of resonance structures is related to the π-type electron system. 3-hydroxyflavone is the basic antioxidant structure for the simplified flavonoids studied here. The electron abstraction is more favored in the molecules where ether group and 3-hydroxyl are present, nonetheless 2,3-double bond and carbonyl moiety are facultative.
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66
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Marković Z, Milenković D, Đorović J, Dimitrić Marković JM, Stepanić V, Lučić B, Amić D. PM6 and DFT study of free radical scavenging activity of morin. Food Chem 2012; 134:1754-60. [PMID: 23442617 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.03.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids have long been recognised for their general health-promoting properties, of which their antioxidant activity may play an important role. In this work, we have studied the properties of flavonoid morin using semiempirical and density functional theory (DFT) methods in order to validate the application of the recently developed parametric method 6 (PM6). Reaction enthalpies related to mechanisms of free radical scavenging by flavonoid morin were calculated by DFT and PM6 methods in gas-phase, water, DMSO and benzene. It has been shown that fast semiempirical PM6 method can mimic results obtained by means of more accurate time consuming DFT calculations. Thermodynamically favoured mechanism depends on reaction medium: SPLET (sequential proton loss electron transfer) is preferred in water and DMSO, and HAT (hydrogen atom transfer) is predominant in gas-phase. In benzene these two mechanisms are competitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Marković
- Department of Chemical-Technological Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića bb, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia.
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Pérez-Garrido A, Helguera AM, Morillas Ruiz JM, Zafrilla Rentero P. Topological sub-structural molecular design approach: Radical scavenging activity. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 49:86-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Woldu AS, Mai J. Computation of the bond dissociation enthalpies and free energies of hydroxylic antioxidants using the ab initio Hartree-Fock method. Redox Rep 2012; 17:252-74. [PMID: 23339861 PMCID: PMC6837695 DOI: 10.1179/1351000212y.0000000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A new method for calculating theoretical bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) and bond dissociation free energy (BDFE) of hydroxylic antioxidants is forwarded. BDE and BDFE may be understood as activation energies accompanying the formation of transition states, which may undergo downhill homolytic dissociation. The new method does not involve the complete fission of O-H bonds. METHOD Theoretical gas phase BDE values were calculated with the ab initio unrestricted Hartree-Fock (UHF) method, as changes in enthalpy between ground singlet states (GS) and triplet dissociative states (DS). Similarly, gas phase BDFEs were estimated from the corresponding changes in Gibbs free energy. The results were then compared with reliable experimental reports. RESULTS The proposed theoretical approach of BDE and BDFE determination was tested using 10 simple phenols, 5 flavonoids, and l-ascorbic acid derivatives. The agreement between our calculated gas phase results and the adopted experimental values were generally within 0.5 kcal mol(-1), with a very few exceptions. DISCUSSION Generally, steric interactions as well as intramolecular hydrogen bonding involving the dissociating OH group should be minimized in the GS. The DS are both electronically and vibrationally exited transition states. They have one unpaired electron on the carbon atom, which bears the homolytically dissociating OH group and are second order saddle points with a fixed CONCLUSION It was concluded that ab initio UHF was well suited for the estimation of gas phase BDE and BDFE. The method presented has a good potential for application across a range of hydroxylic antioxidants. Currently, work is underway to extend its application in other class of antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameha Seyoum Woldu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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Antioxidant and prooxidant properties of flavonoids. Fitoterapia 2011; 82:513-23. [PMID: 21277359 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 793] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The interest in possible health benefits of flavonoids has increased owing to their potent antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities observed in vitro. Nevertheless, the antioxidant efficacy of flavonoids in vivo is less documented and their prooxidant properties have been actually described in vivo. Due to their prooxidant properties, they are able to cause oxidative damage by reacting with various biomolecules, such as lipids, proteins and DNA. Hence, the aim of this review is to discuss both the antioxidant and prooxidant effects of flavonoids.
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Dias MM, Machado NFL, Marques MPM. Dietary chromones as antioxidant agents—the structural variable. Food Funct 2011; 2:595-602. [DOI: 10.1039/c1fo10098j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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