51
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Chandrasekhar DB, Tsay SC, Pradhan TK, Hwu JR. Syntheses of Chroman-2-ones and α-Amino Acids through a Diastereoselective Domino Reaction. J Org Chem 2017; 82:5524-5537. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Balaji Chandrasekhar
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental & Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shwu-Chen Tsay
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental & Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Tapan K. Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental & Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jih Ru Hwu
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental & Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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52
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Abstract
Small-molecule drug discovery has traditionally focused on occupancy of a binding site that directly affects protein function, and this approach typically precludes targeting proteins that lack such amenable sites. Furthermore, high systemic drug exposures may be needed to maintain sufficient target inhibition in vivo, increasing the risk of undesirable off-target effects. Induced protein degradation is an alternative approach that is event-driven: upon drug binding, the target protein is tagged for elimination. Emerging technologies based on proteolysis-targeting chimaeras (PROTACs) that exploit cellular quality control machinery to selectively degrade target proteins are attracting considerable attention in the pharmaceutical industry owing to the advantages they could offer over traditional small-molecule strategies. These advantages include the potential to reduce systemic drug exposure, the ability to counteract increased target protein expression that often accompanies inhibition of protein function and the potential ability to target proteins that are not currently therapeutically tractable, such as transcription factors, scaffolding and regulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig M. Crews
- Departments of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology; Chemistry; Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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53
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Okuhira K, Shoda T, Omura R, Ohoka N, Hattori T, Shibata N, Demizu Y, Sugihara R, Ichino A, Kawahara H, Itoh Y, Ishikawa M, Hashimoto Y, Kurihara M, Itoh S, Saito H, Naito M. Targeted Degradation of Proteins Localized in Subcellular Compartments by Hybrid Small Molecules. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 91:159-166. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.105569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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54
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Development of BCR-ABL degradation inducers via the conjugation of an imatinib derivative and a cIAP1 ligand. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4865-4869. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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55
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Tomoshige S, Naito M, Hashimoto Y, Ishikawa M. Degradation of HaloTag-fused nuclear proteins using bestatin-HaloTag ligand hybrid molecules. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 13:9746-50. [PMID: 26338696 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01395j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a protein knockdown technology using hybrid small molecules designed as conjugates of a ligand for the target protein and a ligand for ubiquitin ligase cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 (cIAP1). However, this technology has several limitations. Here, we report the development of a novel protein knockdown system to address these limitations. In this system, target proteins are fused with HaloTag to provide a common binding site for a degradation inducer. We designed and synthesized small molecules consisting of alkyl chloride as the HaloTag-binding degradation inducer, which binds to HaloTag, linked to BE04 (2), which binds to cIAP1. Using this system, we successfully knocked down HaloTag-fused cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 (HaloTag-CREB1) and HaloTag-fused c-jun (HaloTag-c-jun), which are ligand-unknown nuclear proteins, in living cells. HaloTag-binding degradation inducers can be synthesized easily, and are expected to be useful as biological tools for pan-degradation of HaloTag-fused proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusuke Tomoshige
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
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56
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Zhang XZ, Deng YH, Yan X, Yu KY, Wang FX, Ma XY, Fan CA. Diastereoselective and Enantioselective Synthesis of Unsymmetric β,β-Diaryl-α-Amino Acid Esters via Organocatalytic 1,6-Conjugate Addition of para-Quinone Methides. J Org Chem 2016; 81:5655-62. [PMID: 27224285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel strategy based on phase transfer catalysis for the diastereoselective and enantioselective direct assembly of unsymmetric β,β-diaryl-α-amino acid esters via 1,6-conjugate addition of para-quinone methides and glycine derivatives is described. This protocol also provides an alternative route to the synthetically interesting functionalized chiral tetrahydroisoquinoline and its analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Zhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yu-Hua Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ke-Yin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fang-Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chun-An Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University , 38 Xueyuan Lu, Beijing 100191, China
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57
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Demizu Y, Ohoka N, Nagakubo T, Yamashita H, Misawa T, Okuhira K, Naito M, Kurihara M. Development of a peptide-based inducer of nuclear receptors degradation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2655-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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58
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Efficient protein knockdown of HaloTag-fused proteins using hybrid molecules consisting of IAP antagonist and HaloTag ligand. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:3144-8. [PMID: 27236416 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported a protein knockdown system for HaloTag-fused proteins using hybrid small molecules consisting of alkyl chloride, which binds covalently to HaloTag, linked to BE04 (2), a bestatin (3) derivative with an affinity for cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 (cIAP1, a kind of ubiquitin ligase). This system addressed several limitations of prior protein knockdown technology, and was applied to degrade two HaloTag-fused proteins. However, the degradation activity of these hybrid small molecules was not potent. Therefore, we set out to improve this system. We report here the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel hybrid compounds 4a and 4b consisting of alkyl chloride linked to IAP antagonist MV1 (5). Compounds 4a and 4b were confirmed to reduce the levels of HaloTag-fused tumor necrosis factor α (HaloTag-TNFα), HaloTag-fused cell division control protein 42 (HaloTag-Cdc42), and unfused HaloTag protein in living cells more potently than did BE04-linked compound 1b. Analysis of the mode of action revealed that the reduction of HaloTag-TNFα is proteasome-dependent, and is also dependent on the linker structure between MV1 (5) and alkyl chloride. These compounds appear to induce ubiquitination at the HaloTag moiety of HaloTag-fused proteins. Our results indicate that these newly synthesized MV1-type hybrid compounds, 4a and 4b, are efficient tools for protein knockdown for HaloTag-fused proteins.
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59
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Noguchi-Yachide T. BET Bromodomain as a Target of Epigenetic Therapy. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2016; 64:540-7. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c16-00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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60
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Tinworth CP, Lithgow H, Churcher I. Small molecule-mediated protein knockdown as a new approach to drug discovery. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00347h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Research into degradation of cellular proteins induced by small molecule agents known as Protacs has gathered pace recently. This article reviews recent progress and assesses the challenges to be addressed to enable clinical evaluation of agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah Lithgow
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Medicines Research Centre
- Stevenage
- UK
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
| | - Ian Churcher
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Medicines Research Centre
- Stevenage
- UK
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61
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Okuhira K, Demizu Y, Hattori T, Ohoka N, Shibata N, Kurihara M, Naito M. Molecular Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of SNIPER(ER) That Induces Proteasomal Degradation of ERα. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1366:549-560. [PMID: 26585163 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3127-9_42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of protein stability using small molecules has a great potential for both basic research and clinical therapy. Based on our protein knockdown technology, we recently developed a novel small molecule SNIPER(ER) that targets the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. This chapter describes the design and synthesis of SNIPER(ER) compounds, and methods for the evaluation of their activity in cellular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Okuhira
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Yosuke Demizu
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hattori
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Ohoka
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Norihito Shibata
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kurihara
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Mikihiko Naito
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan.
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62
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Buckley DL, Raina K, Darricarrere N, Hines J, Gustafson JL, Smith IE, Miah AH, Harling JD, Crews CM. HaloPROTACS: Use of Small Molecule PROTACs to Induce Degradation of HaloTag Fusion Proteins. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:1831-7. [PMID: 26070106 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule-induced protein degradation is an attractive strategy for the development of chemical probes. One method for inducing targeted protein degradation involves the use of PROTACs, heterobifunctional molecules that can recruit specific E3 ligases to a desired protein of interest. PROTACs have been successfully used to degrade numerous proteins in cells, but the peptidic E3 ligase ligands used in previous PROTACs have hindered their development into more mature chemical probes or therapeutics. We report the design of a novel class of PROTACs that incorporate small molecule VHL ligands to successfully degrade HaloTag7 fusion proteins. These HaloPROTACs will inspire the development of future PROTACs with more drug-like properties. Additionally, these HaloPROTACs are useful chemical genetic tools, due to their ability to chemically knock down widely used HaloTag7 fusion proteins in a general fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ian E. Smith
- Protein Degradation Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Afjal H. Miah
- Protein Degradation Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - John D. Harling
- Protein Degradation Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
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63
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Bondeson DP, Mares A, Smith IED, Ko E, Campos S, Miah AH, Mulholland KE, Routly N, Buckley DL, Gustafson JL, Zinn N, Grandi P, Shimamura S, Bergamini G, Faelth-Savitski M, Bantscheff M, Cox C, Gordon DA, Willard RR, Flanagan JJ, Casillas LN, Votta BJ, den Besten W, Famm K, Kruidenier L, Carter PS, Harling JD, Churcher I, Crews CM. Catalytic in vivo protein knockdown by small-molecule PROTACs. Nat Chem Biol 2015; 11:611-7. [PMID: 26075522 PMCID: PMC4629852 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 798] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The current predominant therapeutic paradigm is based on maximizing drug-receptor occupancy to achieve clinical benefit. This strategy, however, generally requires excessive drug concentrations to ensure sufficient occupancy, often leading to adverse side effects. Here, we describe major improvements to the proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) method, a chemical knockdown strategy in which a heterobifunctional molecule recruits a specific protein target to an E3 ubiquitin ligase, resulting in the target's ubiquitination and degradation. These compounds behave catalytically in their ability to induce the ubiquitination of super-stoichiometric quantities of proteins, providing efficacy that is not limited by equilibrium occupancy. We present two PROTACs that are capable of specifically reducing protein levels by >90% at nanomolar concentrations. In addition, mouse studies indicate that they provide broad tissue distribution and knockdown of the targeted protein in tumor xenografts. Together, these data demonstrate a protein knockdown system combining many of the favorable properties of small-molecule agents with the potent protein knockdown of RNAi and CRISPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Bondeson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alina Mares
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | | | - Eunhwa Ko
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Dennis L Buckley
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Gustafson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nico Zinn
- Cellzome, a GSK company, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carly Cox
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | | | - Linda N Casillas
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bartholomew J Votta
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Willem den Besten
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Craig M Crews
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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64
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Sato S, Morita K, Nakamura H. Regulation of Target Protein Knockdown and Labeling Using Ligand-Directed Ru(bpy)3 Photocatalyst. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:250-6. [DOI: 10.1021/bc500518t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Sato
- Chemical
Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kohei Morita
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Mejiro, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Chemical
Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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65
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Molinaro C, Scott JP, Shevlin M, Wise C, Ménard A, Gibb A, Junker EM, Lieberman D. Catalytic, asymmetric, and stereodivergent synthesis of non-symmetric β,β-diaryl-α-amino acids. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:999-1006. [PMID: 25523503 DOI: 10.1021/ja511872a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We report a concise, enantio- and diastereoselective route to novel nonsymmetrically substituted N-protected β,β-diaryl-α-amino acids and esters, through the asymmetric hydrogenation of tetrasubstituted olefins, some of the most challenging examples in the field. Stereoselective generation of an E- or Z-enol tosylate, when combined with stereoretentive Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling and enantioselective hydrogenation catalyzed by (NBD)2RhBF4 and a Josiphos ligand, allows for full control over the two vicinal stereogenic centers. High yields and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee) were obtained for a variety of N-acetyl, N-methoxycarbonyl, and N-Boc β,β-diaryldehydroamino acids, containing a diverse and previously unreported series of heterocyclic and aryl substituted groups (24 examples) and allowing access to all four stereoisomers of these valuable building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Molinaro
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck & Co. Inc. , Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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66
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Ohoka N, Nagai K, Hattori T, Okuhira K, Shibata N, Cho N, Naito M. Cancer cell death induced by novel small molecules degrading the TACC3 protein via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1513. [PMID: 25375378 PMCID: PMC4260729 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The selective degradation of target proteins with small molecules is a novel approach to the treatment of various diseases, including cancer. We have developed a protein knockdown system with a series of hybrid small compounds that induce the selective degradation of target proteins via the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. In this study, we designed and synthesized novel small molecules called SNIPER(TACC3)s, which target the spindle regulatory protein transforming acidic coiled-coil-3 (TACC3). SNIPER(TACC3)s induce poly-ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of TACC3 and reduce the TACC3 protein level in cells. Mechanistic analysis indicated that the ubiquitin ligase APC/CCDH1 mediates the SNIPER(TACC3)-induced degradation of TACC3. Intriguingly, SNIPER(TACC3) selectively induced cell death in cancer cells expressing a larger amount of TACC3 protein than normal cells. These results suggest that protein knockdown of TACC3 by SNIPER(TACC3) is a potential strategy for treating cancers overexpressing the TACC3 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ohoka
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Health Science, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - K Nagai
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan
| | - T Hattori
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Health Science, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - K Okuhira
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Health Science, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - N Shibata
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Health Science, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - N Cho
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan
| | - M Naito
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Health Science, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
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67
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Okuhira K, Demizu Y, Hattori T, Ohoka N, Shibata N, Nishimaki-Mogami T, Okuda H, Kurihara M, Naito M. Development of hybrid small molecules that induce degradation of estrogen receptor-alpha and necrotic cell death in breast cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2013; 104:1492-8. [PMID: 23992566 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Manipulation of protein stability with small molecules has a great potential for both basic research and clinical therapy. Recently, we have developed a series of hybrid small molecules named SNIPER (Specific and Non-genetic IAP-dependent Protein ERaser) that induces degradation of target proteins via ubiquitin-proteasome system. Here we report the activities of SNIPER(ER) that targets estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) for degradation. SNIPER(ER) induced degradation of ERα and inhibited estrogen-dependent expression of pS2 gene in an estrogen-dependent breast cancer cell line MCF-7. A proteasome inhibitor MG132 and siRNA-mediated downregulation of cIAP1 abrogated the SNIPER(ER)-induced ERα degradation, suggesting that the ERα is degraded by proteasome subsequent to cIAP1-mediated ubiquitylation. Intriguingly, after the ERα degradation, the SNIPER(ER)-treated MCF-7 cells undergo rapid cell death. Detailed analysis indicated that SNIPER(ER) caused necrotic cell death accompanied by a release of HMGB1, a marker of necrosis, from the cells. Following the ERα degradation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) was produced in the SNIPER(ER)-treated MCF-7 cells, and an anti-oxidant N-acetylcysteine inhibited the necrotic cell death. These results indicate that SNIPER(ER) induces ERα degradation, ROS production and necrotic cell death, implying a therapeutic potential of SNIPER(ER) as a lead for the treatment of ERα-positive breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Okuhira
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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