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Weng W, Chen Y, Wang M, Zhuang Y, Behnisch T. Potentiation of Schaffer-Collateral CA1 Synaptic Transmission by eEF2K and p38 MAPK Mediated Mechanisms. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:247. [PMID: 27826228 PMCID: PMC5078695 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K), likewise known as CaMKIII, has been demonstrated to be involved in antidepressant responses of NMDA receptor antagonists. Even so, it remains open whether direct inhibition of eEF2K without altering up-stream or other signaling pathways affects hippocampal synaptic transmission and neuronal network synchrony. Inhibition of eEF2K by the selective and potent eEF2K inhibitor A-484954 induced a fast pre-synaptically mediated enhancement of synaptic transmission and synchronization of neural network activity. The eEF2K-inhibition mediated potentiation of synaptic transmission of hippocampal CA1 neurons is most notably independent of protein synthesis and does not rely on protein kinase C, protein kinase A or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2. Moreover, the strengthening of synaptic transmission in the response to the inhibition of eEF2K was strongly attenuated by the inhibition of p38 MAPK. In addition, we show the involvement of barium-sensitive and more specific the TWIK-related potassium-1 (TREK-1) channels in the eEF2K-inhibition mediated potentiation of synaptic transmission. These findings reveal a novel pathway of eEF2K mediated regulation of hippocampal synaptic transmission. Further research is required to study whether such compounds could be beneficial for the development of mood disorder treatments with a fast-acting antidepressant response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Weng
- The Institutes of Brain Science, The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Chen
- The Institutes of Brain Science, The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Man Wang
- The Institutes of Brain Science, The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghan Zhuang
- The Institutes of Brain Science, The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Thomas Behnisch
- The Institutes of Brain Science, The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University Shanghai, China
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Han C, Nie S, Chen G, Ma K, Xiong N, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Wang T, Papa SM, Cao X. Intrastriatal injection of ionomycin profoundly changes motor response to l-DOPA and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Neuroscience 2016; 340:23-33. [PMID: 27771532 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Long-term l-DOPA treatment of Parkinson's disease is accompanied with fluctuations of motor responses and l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Phosphorylation of the dopamine and c-AMP regulated phosphoprotein of 32kDa (DARPP-32) plays a role in the pathogenesis of LID, and thus dephosphorylation of this protein by activated calcineurin may help reduce LID. One important activator of calcineurin is the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin. Here, we investigated whether intrastriatal injection of ionomycin to hemiparkinsonian rats produced changes in l-DOPA responses including LID. We also analyzed the effects of ionomycin on key molecular mediators of LID. Results confirmed our hypothesis that ionomycin could downregulate the phosphorylation of DARPP32 at Thr-34 and reduce LID. Besides, ionomycin decreased two established molecular markers of LID, FosB/ΔFosB and phosphorylated ERK1/2. Ionomycin also decreased the phosphorylation of three main subunits of the NMDA receptor, NR1 phosphorylated at ser896, NR2A phosphorylated at Tyr-1325, and NR2B phosphorylated at Tyr-1472. Furthermore, the anti-LID effect of striatally injected ionomycin was not accompanied by reduction of the antiparkinsonian action of l-DOPA. These data indicate that ionomycin largely interacts with striatal mechanisms that are critical to the l-DOPA motor response highlighting the role of protein dephosphorylation by calcineurin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shuke Nie
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Guiqin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Nian Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Stella M Papa
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Xuebing Cao
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Heteroreceptor Complexes Formed by Dopamine D 1, Histamine H 3, and N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Glutamate Receptors as Targets to Prevent Neuronal Death in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4537-4550. [PMID: 27370794 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9995-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder causing progressive memory loss and cognitive dysfunction. Anti-AD strategies targeting cell receptors consider them as isolated units. However, many cell surface receptors cooperate and physically contact each other forming complexes having different biochemical properties than individual receptors. We here report the discovery of dopamine D1, histamine H3, and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor heteromers in heterologous systems and in rodent brain cortex. Heteromers were detected by co-immunoprecipitation and in situ proximity ligation assays (PLA) in the rat cortex where H3 receptor agonists, via negative cross-talk, and H3 receptor antagonists, via cross-antagonism, decreased D1 receptor agonist signaling determined by ERK1/2 or Akt phosphorylation, and counteracted D1 receptor-mediated excitotoxic cell death. Both D1 and H3 receptor antagonists also counteracted NMDA toxicity suggesting a complex interaction between NMDA receptors and D1-H3 receptor heteromer function. Likely due to heteromerization, H3 receptors act as allosteric regulator for D1 and NMDA receptors. By bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), we demonstrated that D1 or H3 receptors form heteromers with NR1A/NR2B NMDA receptor subunits. D1-H3-NMDA receptor complexes were confirmed by BRET combined with fluorescence complementation. The endogenous expression of complexes in mouse cortex was determined by PLA and similar expression was observed in wild-type and APP/PS1 mice. Consistent with allosteric receptor-receptor interactions within the complex, H3 receptor antagonists reduced NMDA or D1 receptor-mediated excitotoxic cell death in cortical organotypic cultures. Moreover, H3 receptor antagonists reverted the toxicity induced by ß1-42-amyloid peptide. Thus, histamine H3 receptors in D1-H3-NMDA heteroreceptor complexes arise as promising targets to prevent neurodegeneration.
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The effect of memantine on sleep architecture and psychiatric symptoms in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2016; 28:157-64. [PMID: 26572055 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2015.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are commonly present in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Disturbed sleep quality is also observed in AD patients. However, the effects of memantine on sleep architecture have not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of memantine on polysomnography (PSG) variables and BPSD. METHODS In total, 12 patients with AD (mean age: 79.0±4.1 years old) were enrolled in this study. The following tests were performed: the Neuropsychiatric Inventory for the assessment of BPSD, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for cognitive function, and PSG for evaluation of sleep architecture. After baseline examinations, patients were treated with memantine according to a standard prescription protocol. After being treated with 20 mg/day of memantine for 4 weeks, examinations were carried out again. RESULTS All subjects completed the trial. The mean MMSE and NPI scores were 22.6±3.4 and 13.8±12.9, respectively. Treatment with memantine significantly decreased the NPI score (5.8±4.3, p<0.01). There were significant decreases in the scores of subscales for anxiety (p=0.04) and irritability/lability (p=0.04). PSG demonstrated a longer total sleep time (TST) (p<0.01), increases in sleep efficiency (p<0.01) and time spent in stage II (% TST, p=0.02), and decreases in nocturnal awakening (p<0.01), the periodic limb movement index (p<0.01), and time spent in stage I (% TST, p=0.02). CONCLUSION Memantine was effective for reducing fragmented sleep and improving BPSD, and was well tolerated.
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Shukla AA, Jha M, Birchfield T, Mukherjee S, Gleason K, Abdisalaam S, Asaithamby A, Adams-Huet B, Tamminga CA, Ghose S. COMT val158met polymorphism and molecular alterations in the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: Differences in controls and in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2016; 173:94-100. [PMID: 27021555 PMCID: PMC4836991 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The single nucleotide val158met polymorphism in catechol o-methyltransferase (COMT) influences prefrontal cortex function. Working memory, dependent on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), has been repeatedly shown to be influenced by this COMT polymorphism. The high activity COMT val isoform is associated with lower synaptic dopamine levels. Altered synaptic dopamine levels are expected to lead to molecular adaptations within the synapse and within DLPFC neural circuitry. In this human post mortem study using high quality DLPFC tissue, we first examined the influence of the COMT val158met polymorphism on markers of dopamine neurotransmission, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits and glutamatic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67), all known to be critical to DLPFC circuitry and function. Next, we compared target gene expression profiles in a cohort of control and schizophrenia cases, each characterized by COMT genotype. We find that the COMT val allele in control subjects is associated with significant upregulation of GluN2A and GAD67 mRNA levels compared to met carriers. Comparisons between control and schizophrenia groups reveal that GluN2A, GAD67 and DRD2 are differentially regulated between diagnostic groups in a genotype specific manner. Chronic antipsychotic treatment in rodents did not explain these differences. These data demonstrate an association between COMTval158met genotype and gene expression profile in the DLPFC of controls, possibly adaptations to maintain DLPFC function. In schizophrenia val homozygotes, these adaptations are not seen and could reflect pathophysiologic mechanisms related to the known poorer performance of these subjects on DLPFC-dependent tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay A. Shukla
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Manish Jha
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Thomas Birchfield
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Shibani Mukherjee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Kelly Gleason
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Salim Abdisalaam
- Department of Radiation Oncology/Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Aroumougame Asaithamby
- Department of Radiation Oncology/Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Beverley Adams-Huet
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Carol A. Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Subroto Ghose
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, United States.
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Ostadhadi S, Imran Khan M, Norouzi-Javidan A, Dehpour AR. Antidepressant effect of pramipexole in mice forced swimming test: A cross talk between dopamine receptor and NMDA/nitric oxide/cGMP pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 81:295-304. [PMID: 27261607 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pramipexole is a dopamine D2 receptor agonist indicated for treating Parkinson disorder. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of pramipexole in forced swimming test (FST) in mice and the possible involvement of activation of D2 receptors and inhibition of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-cGMP) on this effect. Intraperitoneal administration of pramipexole (1-3mg/kg) reduced the immobility time in the FST similar to fluoxetine (20mg/kg, i.p.). This effect of pramipexole (1mg/kg, i.p.) was ceased when mice were pretreated with haloperidol (0.15mg/kg, i.p,) and sulpiride (5mg/kg, i.p) as D2 receptor antagonists, NMDA (75mg/kg,i.p.), l-arginine (750mg/kg, i.p., a substrate for nitric oxide synthase) or sildenafil (5mg/kg, i.p., a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor). The administration of MK-801 (0.05mg/kg, i.p., a NMDA receptor antagonist) l-NG-Nitro arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, 10mg/kg, i.p., a non-specific nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor), 7-nitroindazole (30mg/kg, i.p., a neuronal NOS inhibitor) and methylene blue (10mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of both NOS and soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) in combination with the sub-effective dose of pramipexole (0.3mg/kg, i.p.) reduced the immobility. Altogether, our data suggest that the antidepressant-like effect of pramipexole is dependent on the activation of D2 receptor and inhibition of either NMDA receptors and/or NO-cGMP synthesis. These results contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant-like effect of pramipexole and reinforce the role of D2 receptors, NMDA receptors and l-arginine-NO-GMP pathway in the antidepressant mechanism of this agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sattar Ostadhadi
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Norouzi-Javidan
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad-Reza Dehpour
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Borroto-Escuela DO, Agnati LF, Bechter K, Jansson A, Tarakanov AO, Fuxe K. The role of transmitter diffusion and flow versus extracellular vesicles in volume transmission in the brain neural-glial networks. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 370:rstb.2014.0183. [PMID: 26009762 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two major types of intercellular communication are found in the central nervous system (CNS), namely wiring transmission (point-to-point communication, the prototype being synaptic transmission with axons and terminals) and volume transmission (VT; communication in the extracellular fluid and in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)) involving large numbers of cells in the CNS. Volume and synaptic transmission become integrated inter alia through the ability of their chemical signals to activate different types of receptor protomers in heteroreceptor complexes located synaptically or extrasynaptically in the plasma membrane. The demonstration of extracellular dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) fluorescence around the DA and 5-HT nerve cell bodies with the Falck-Hillarp formaldehyde fluorescence method after treatment with amphetamine and chlorimipramine, respectively, gave the first indications of the existence of VT in the brain, at least at the soma level. There exist different forms of VT. Early studies on VT only involved spread including diffusion and flow of soluble biological signals, especially transmitters and modulators, a communication called extrasynaptic (short distance) and long distance (paraaxonal and paravascular and CSF pathways) VT. Also, the extracellular vesicle type of VT was demonstrated. The exosomes (endosome-derived vesicles) appear to be the major vesicular carriers for VT but the larger microvesicles also participate. Both mainly originate at the soma-dendritic level. They can transfer lipids and proteins, including receptors, Rab GTPases, tetraspanins, cholesterol, sphingolipids and ceramide. Within them there are also subsets of mRNAs and non-coding regulatory microRNAs. At the soma-dendritic membrane, sets of dynamic postsynaptic heteroreceptor complexes (built up of different types of physically interacting receptors and proteins) involving inter alia G protein-coupled receptors including autoreceptors, ion channel receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases are hypothesized to be the molecular basis for learning and memory. At nerve terminals, the presynaptic heteroreceptor complexes are postulated to undergo plastic changes to maintain the pattern of multiple transmitter release reflecting the firing pattern to be learned by the heteroreceptor complexes in the postsynaptic membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luigi F Agnati
- Department of Biomedical, Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Karl Bechter
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, BKH-Guenzburg, Germany
| | - Anders Jansson
- Section for upper abdominal surgery, Gastrocenter, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander O Tarakanov
- Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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Song L, Zhang Z, Hu R, Cheng J, Li L, Fan Q, Wu N, Gan J, Zhou M, Liu Z. Targeting the D1-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex reduces L-dopa-induced dyskinesia in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned Parkinson's rats. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:547-55. [PMID: 26893543 PMCID: PMC4745842 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s93487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa) remains the most effective therapy for Parkinson’s disease (PD), but its long-term administration is associated with the development of debilitating motor complications known as l-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). Enhanced function of dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is believed to participate in the pathogenesis of LID. Given the existence of physical and functional interactions between D1R and NMDAR, we explored the effects of uncoupling D1R and NMDA GluN1 (GluN1) interaction on LID by using the Tat-conjugated interfering peptide (Tat-D1-t2). In this study, we demonstrated in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned PD rat model that intrastriatal injection of Tat-D1-t2 alleviated dyskinetic behaviors and downregulated the phosphorylation of DARPP-32 at Thr34 induced by levodopa. Moreover, we also showed intrastriatal administration of Tat-D1-t2 elicited alterations in membranous GluN1 and D1R expression. These findings indicate that D1R/GluN1 complexes may be a molecular target with therapeutic potential for the treatment of dyskinesia in Parkinson’s patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Song
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanzhao Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongguo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinyi Fan
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Gan
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Roles of NMDA and dopamine in food-foraging decision-making strategies of rats in the social setting. BMC Neurosci 2016; 17:3. [PMID: 26754043 PMCID: PMC4710019 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-015-0233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
In highly complex social settings, an animal’s motivational drive to pursue an object depends not only on the intrinsic properties of the object, but also on whether the decision-making animal perceives an object as being the most desirable among others. Mimetic desire refers to a subject’s preference for objects already possessed by another subject. To date, there are no appropriate animal models for studying whether mimetic desire is at play in guiding the decision-making process. Furthermore, the neuropharmacological bases of decision-making processes are not well understood. In this study, we used an animal model (rat) to investigate a novel food-foraging paradigm for decision-making, with or without a mimetic desire paradigm. Results Faced with the choice of foraging in a competitive environment, rats preferred foraging for the desirable object, indicating the rats’ ability for decision-making. Notably, treatment with the non-competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801, but not with the dopamine D1 or D2 receptor antagonists, SCH23390 and haloperidol, respectively, suppressed the food foraging preference when there was a competing resident rat in the cage. None of these three antagonists affected the food-foraging preference for palatable food. Moreover, MK-801 and SCH23390, but not haloperidol, were able to abolish the desirable environment effect on standard food-foraging activities in complex social settings. Conclusions These results highlight the concept that mimetic desire exerts a powerful influence on food-foraging decision-making in rats and, further, illustrate the various roles of the glutamatergic and dopaminergic systems in mediating these processes.
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Fond G, Micoulaud-Franchi JA, Brunel L, Macgregor A, Miot S, Lopez R, Richieri R, Abbar M, Lancon C, Repantis D. Innovative mechanisms of action for pharmaceutical cognitive enhancement: A systematic review. Psychiatry Res 2015; 229:12-20. [PMID: 26187342 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological cognitive enhancement refers to improvement in cognitive functions after drug use in healthy individuals. This popular topic attracts attention both from the general public and the scientific community. The objective was to explore innovative mechanisms of psychostimulant's action, whose potential effectiveness was assessed in randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs). A systematic review was carried out, using the words "attention", "memory", "learning", "executive functions", and "vigilance/wakefulness" combined to "cognitive enhancer" or "smart drug". Methylphenidate, amphetamines, modafinil, nicotine, acetylcholine esterase inhibitors and antidepressants were extensively studied in previous meta-analyses and were not included in the present work. Drugs were classified according to their primary mode of action, namely catecholaminergic drugs (tolcapone, pramipexole, guanfacine), cholinergic drugs (anticholinergics), glutamatergic drugs (ampakines), histaminergic drugs, and non-specified (glucocorticoids). Overall, 50 RCTs were included in the present review. In conclusion, a number of new active drugs were found to improve some cognitive functions, in particular verbal episodic memory. However the number of RCTs was limited, and most of the studies found negative results. Future studies should assess both effectiveness and tolerance of repeated doses administration, and individual variability in dose response (including baseline characteristics and potential genetic polymorphisms). One explanation for the limited number of recent RCTs with new psychostimulants seems to be the ethical debate surrounding pharmaceutical cognitive enhancement in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Fond
- Université Paris EST-Créteil, AP-HP, Pôle de Psychiatrie ET d'addictologie des Hopitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, INSERM U955, Eq 15 Psychiatrie Génétique, DHU PE-psy, Fondation Fondamental Fondation de Coopération Scientifique en Santé Mentale, F-94000 France.
| | | | - Lore Brunel
- Université Paris EST-Créteil, AP-HP, Pôle de Psychiatrie ET d'addictologie des Hopitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, INSERM U955, Eq 15 Psychiatrie Génétique, DHU PE-psy, Fondation Fondamental Fondation de Coopération Scientifique en Santé Mentale, F-94000 France
| | - Alexandra Macgregor
- Université Montpellier 1, INSERM 1061, Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie, CHU Montpellier F-34000, France
| | - Stéphanie Miot
- INSERM U952, CNRS UMR 7224, UMPC Univ Paris 06, F-75000 Paris, France
| | - Régis Lopez
- Université Montpellier 1, INSERM 1061, Centre de Référence National Narcolepsie Hypersomnie Idiopathique, Unité des Troubles du Sommeil, CHU Montpellier F-34000, France
| | - Raphaëlle Richieri
- Pôle Psychiatrie Universitaire, CHU Sainte-marguerite, F-13274 Marseille Cedex 09, France; Faculté de Médecine, EA 3279, Laboratoire de Santé Publique, F-13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Mocrane Abbar
- CHU Carémeau, Université de Nîmes, Nîmes F-31000, France
| | - Christophe Lancon
- Pôle Psychiatrie Universitaire, CHU Sainte-marguerite, F-13274 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Dimitris Repantis
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin franklin, Eschenallee 3, 14050 Berlin, Germany
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Agnati LF, Fuxe K. Extracellular-vesicle type of volume transmission and tunnelling-nanotube type of wiring transmission add a new dimension to brain neuro-glial networks. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 369:rstb.2013.0505. [PMID: 25135966 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two major types of intercellular communication are found in the central nervous system (CNS), namely wiring transmission (WT; point-to-point communication via private channels, e.g. synaptic transmission) and volume transmission (VT; communication in the extracellular fluid and in the cerebrospinal fluid). Volume and synaptic transmission become integrated because their chemical signals activate different types of interacting receptors in heteroreceptor complexes located synaptically and extrasynaptically in the plasma membrane. In VT, we focus on the role of the extracellular-vesicle type of VT, and in WT, on the potential role of the tunnelling-nanotube (TNT) type of WT. The so-called exosomes appear to be the major vesicular carrier for intercellular communication but the larger microvesicles also participate. Extracellular vesicles are released from cultured cortical neurons and different types of glial cells and modulate the signalling of the neuronal-glial networks of the CNS. This type of VT has pathological relevance, and epigenetic mechanisms may participate in the modulation of extracellular-vesicle-mediated VT. Gerdes and co-workers proposed the existence of a novel type of WT based on TNTs, which are straight transcellular channels leading to the formation in vitro of syncytial cellular networks found also in neuronal and glial cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius väg 8, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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Meade JA, Free RB, Miller NR, Chun LS, Doyle TB, Moritz AE, Conroy JL, Watts VJ, Sibley DR. (-)-Stepholidine is a potent pan-dopamine receptor antagonist of both G protein- and β-arrestin-mediated signaling. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:917-30. [PMID: 25231919 PMCID: PMC5234683 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3726-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE (-)-Stepholidine is a tetrahydroberberine alkaloid that is known to interact with dopamine receptors and has also been proposed as a novel antipsychotic agent. Its suggested novelty lies in the fact that it has been proposed to have D1-like receptor agonist and D2-like receptor antagonist properties. Thus, it might be effective in treating both positive and negative (cognition) symptoms of schizophrenia. However, its activity on specific dopamine receptor subtypes has not been clarified, especially with respect to its ability to activate D1-like receptors. OBJECTIVES We wished to examine the affinity and functional activity of (-)-stepholidine at each of the human dopamine receptor subtypes expressed in a defined cellular environment. METHODS D1-D5 dopamine receptors were stably expressed in cell lines and their interactions with (-)-stepholidine were examined using radioligand binding and various functional signaling assays. Radioligand binding assays were also performed using bovine striatal membranes. RESULTS (-)-Stepholidine exhibited high (nM) affinity for D1 and D5 receptors, somewhat lower (two- to four-fold) affinity for D2 and D3 receptors, and low micromolar affinity for D4 receptors. Functionally, (-)-stepholidine was ineffective in activating G protein-mediated signaling of D1-like and D2 receptors and was also ineffective in stimulating β-arrestin recruitment to any dopamine receptor subtype. It did, however, antagonize all of these responses. It also antagonized D1-D2 heteromer-mediated Ca(2+) mobilization. Radioligand binding assays of D1-like receptors in brain membranes also indicated that (-)-stepholidine binds to the D1 receptor with antagonist-like properties. CONCLUSIONS (-)-Stepholidine is a pan-dopamine receptor antagonist and its in vivo effects are largely mediated through dopamine receptor blockade with potential cross-talk to other receptors or signaling proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Meade
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Room 4S-04, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9405, USA
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Spangaro M, Bosia M, Zanoletti A, Bechi M, Mariachiara B, Pirovano A, Lorenzi C, Bramanti P, Smeraldi E, Cavallaro R. Exploring effects of EAAT polymorphisms on cognitive functions in schizophrenia. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 15:925-32. [PMID: 24956246 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.14.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of functional polymorphisms (rs4354668 and rs2731880) of the excitatory amino acid transporters (EAAT1 and 2) on the cognitive dysfunction that characterizes schizophrenia. MATERIALS & METHODS One hundred and ninety two subjects diagnosed with schizophrenia were assessed with Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Continuous Performance Test and N-back test and genotyped for rs4354668 and rs2731880. RESULTS ANOVA showed a significant difference among both EAAT1 and EAAT2 genotype groups on different cognitive measures. Worse performances were observed among carriers of the genotypes associated with lower EAAT expression. CONCLUSION RESULTS suggest that impaired activity and EAAT expression could influence cognitive performances in schizophrenia, thus representing a target of interest for development of pharmacological strategies aimed to improve cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Spangaro
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Vita-Salute San Raffale University, Via Stamira d'Ancona 20, 20127 Milano, Italy
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Campos CA, Ritter RC. NMDA-type glutamate receptors participate in reduction of food intake following hindbrain melanocortin receptor activation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 308:R1-9. [PMID: 25394828 PMCID: PMC4281681 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00388.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hindbrain injection of a melanocortin-3/4 receptor agonist, MTII, reduces food intake primarily by reducing meal size. Our previously reported results indicate that N-methyl-D-aspartate-type glutamate receptors (NMDAR) in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) play an important role in the control of meal size and food intake. Therefore, we hypothesized that activation of NTS NMDARs contribute to reduction of food intake in response to fourth ventricle or NTS injection of MTII. We found that coinjection of a competitive NMDAR antagonist (d-CPP-ene) with MTII into the fourth ventricle or directly into the NTS of adult male rats attenuated MTII-induced reduction of food intake. Hindbrain NMDAR antagonism also attenuated MTII-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation in NTS neurons and prevented synapsin I phosphorylation in central vagal afferent endings, both of which are cellular mechanisms previously shown to participate in hindbrain melanocortinergic reduction of food intake. Together, our results indicate that NMDAR activation significantly contributes to reduction of food intake following hindbrain melanocortin receptor activation, and it participates in melanocortinergic signaling in NTS neural circuits that mediate reduction of food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Campos
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Robert C Ritter
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
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Pascoli V, Cahill E, Bellivier F, Caboche J, Vanhoutte P. Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 activation by addictive drugs: a signal toward pathological adaptation. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 76:917-26. [PMID: 24844603 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Addiction is a chronic and relapsing psychiatric disorder that is thought to occur in vulnerable individuals. Synaptic plasticity evoked by drugs of abuse in the so-called neuronal circuits of reward has been proposed to underlie behavioral adaptations that characterize addiction. By increasing dopamine in the striatum, addictive drugs alter the balance of dopamine and glutamate signals converging onto striatal medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs) and activate intracellular events involved in long-term behavioral alterations. Our laboratory contributed to the identification of salient molecular changes induced by administration of addictive drugs to rodents. We pioneered the observation that a common feature of addictive drugs is to activate, by a double tyrosine/threonine phosphorylation, the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in the striatum, which control a plethora of substrates, some of them being critically involved in cocaine-mediated molecular and behavioral adaptations. Herein, we review how the interplay between dopamine and glutamate signaling controls cocaine-induced ERK1/2 activation in MSNs. We emphasize the key role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor potentiation by D1 receptor to trigger ERK1/2 activation and its subsequent nuclear translocation where it modulates both epigenetic and genetic processes engaged by cocaine. We discuss how cocaine-induced long-term synaptic and structural plasticity of MSNs, as well as behavioral adaptations, are influenced by ERK1/2-controlled targets. We conclude that a better knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying ERK1/2 activation by drugs of abuse and/or its role in long-term neuronal plasticity in the striatum may provide a new route for therapeutic treatment in addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Pascoli
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emma Cahill
- Institut de Biologie Paris, Seine, CNRS/UMR8246-INSERM/UMR-S1130, Université Pierre et Marie Curie
| | - Frank Bellivier
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, L׳Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis, Lariboisière, Fernand-Widal Sites; Unité de Formation et de Recherche de Médecine, Université Denis Diderot; Variability of the Response to Psychotropic Drugs, Institut National de la Santé et de la; Recherche Médicale, Paris; and Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Jocelyne Caboche
- Institut de Biologie Paris, Seine, CNRS/UMR8246-INSERM/UMR-S1130, Université Pierre et Marie Curie
| | - Peter Vanhoutte
- Institut de Biologie Paris, Seine, CNRS/UMR8246-INSERM/UMR-S1130, Université Pierre et Marie Curie.
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D1R/GluN1 complexes in the striatum integrate dopamine and glutamate signalling to control synaptic plasticity and cocaine-induced responses. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:1295-304. [PMID: 25070539 PMCID: PMC4255088 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Convergent dopamine and glutamate signalling onto the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the striatum controls psychostimulant-initiated adaptive processes underlying long-lasting behavioural changes. We hypothesised that the physical proximity of dopamine D1 (D1R) and glutamate NMDA (NMDAR) receptors, achieved through the formation of D1R/NMDAR complexes, may act as a molecular bridge that controls the synergistic action of dopamine and glutamate on striatal plasticity and behavioural responses to drugs of abuse. We found that concomitant stimulation of D1R and NMDAR drove complex formation between endogenous D1R and the GluN1 subunit of NMDAR. Conversely, preventing D1R/GluN1 association with a cell-permeable peptide (TAT-GluN1C1) left individual D1R and NMDAR-dependent signalling intact, but prevented D1R-mediated facilitation of NMDAR-calcium influx and subsequent ERK activation. Electrophysiological recordings in striatal slices from mice revealed that D1R/GluN1 complexes control the D1R-dependent enhancement of NMDAR currents and long-term potentiation in D1R-MSN. Finally, intra-striatal delivery of TAT-GluN1C1 did not affect acute responses to cocaine but reduced behavioural sensitization. Our findings uncover D1R/GluN1 complexes as a major substrate for the dopamine-glutamate interaction in MSN that is usurped by addictive drugs to elicit persistent behavioural alterations. They also identify D1R/GluN1 complexes as molecular targets with a therapeutic potential for the vast spectrum of psychiatric diseases associated with an imbalance between dopamine and glutamate transmission.
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Sleigh J, Harvey M, Voss L, Denny B. Ketamine – More mechanisms of action than just NMDA blockade. TRENDS IN ANAESTHESIA AND CRITICAL CARE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tacc.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Borroto-Escuela DO, Brito I, Romero-Fernandez W, Di Palma M, Oflijan J, Skieterska K, Duchou J, Van Craenenbroeck K, Suárez-Boomgaard D, Rivera A, Guidolin D, Agnati LF, Fuxe K. The G protein-coupled receptor heterodimer network (GPCR-HetNet) and its hub components. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:8570-90. [PMID: 24830558 PMCID: PMC4057749 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15058570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) oligomerization has emerged as a vital characteristic of receptor structure. Substantial experimental evidence supports the existence of GPCR-GPCR interactions in a coordinated and cooperative manner. However, despite the current development of experimental techniques for large-scale detection of GPCR heteromers, in order to understand their connectivity it is necessary to develop novel tools to study the global heteroreceptor networks. To provide insight into the overall topology of the GPCR heteromers and identify key players, a collective interaction network was constructed. Experimental interaction data for each of the individual human GPCR protomers was obtained manually from the STRING and SCOPUS databases. The interaction data were used to build and analyze the network using Cytoscape software. The network was treated as undirected throughout the study. It is comprised of 156 nodes, 260 edges and has a scale-free topology. Connectivity analysis reveals a significant dominance of intrafamily versus interfamily connections. Most of the receptors within the network are linked to each other by a small number of edges. DRD2, OPRM, ADRB2, AA2AR, AA1R, OPRK, OPRD and GHSR are identified as hubs. In a network representation 10 modules/clusters also appear as a highly interconnected group of nodes. Information on this GPCR network can improve our understanding of molecular integration. GPCR-HetNet has been implemented in Java and is freely available at http://www.iiia.csic.es/~ismel/GPCR-Nets/index.html.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ismel Brito
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius väg 8, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Michael Di Palma
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius väg 8, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Julia Oflijan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia.
| | - Kamila Skieterska
- Laboratory of Eukaryotic Gene Expression and Signal Transduction (LEGEST), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Jolien Duchou
- Laboratory of Eukaryotic Gene Expression and Signal Transduction (LEGEST), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kathleen Van Craenenbroeck
- Laboratory of Eukaryotic Gene Expression and Signal Transduction (LEGEST), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Diana Suárez-Boomgaard
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Alicia Rivera
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Diego Guidolin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy.
| | - Luigi F Agnati
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius väg 8, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius väg 8, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Fuxe K, Borroto-Escuela DO, Tarakanov AO, Romero-Fernandez W, Ferraro L, Tanganelli S, Perez-Alea M, Di Palma M, Agnati LF. Dopamine D2 heteroreceptor complexes and their receptor-receptor interactions in ventral striatum: novel targets for antipsychotic drugs. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2014; 211:113-39. [PMID: 24968778 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63425-2.00005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review is focused on the D2 heteroreceptor complexes within the ventral striatum with their receptor-receptor interactions and relevance for the treatment of schizophrenia. A "guide-and-clasp" manner for receptor-receptor interactions is proposed where "adhesive guides" may be amino acid triplet homologies, which were determined for different kinds of D2 heteroreceptor complexes. The first putative D2 heteroreceptor complex to be discovered in relation to schizophrenia was the A2A-D2 heteroreceptor complex where antagonistic A2A-D2 receptor-receptor interactions were demonstrated after A2A agonist treatment in the ventral striatum. The A2A agonist CGS 21680 with atypical antipsychotic properties may at least in part act by increasing β-arrestin2 signaling over the D2 protomer in the A2A-D2 heteroreceptor complex in the ventral striatum. The antagonistic NTS1-D2 interactions in the NTS1-D2 heteroreceptor complex in the ventral striatum are proposed as one molecular mechanism for the potential antipsychotic effects of NT. Indications were obtained that the psychotic actions of the 5-HT2AR hallucinogens LSD and DOI can involve enhancement of D2R protomer signaling via a biased agonist action at the 5-HT2A protomer in the D2-5-HT2A heteroreceptor complex in the ventral striatum. Facilitatory allosteric D2likeR-OTR interactions in heteroreceptor complexes in nucleus accumbens may have a role in social and emotional behaviors. By blocking the D2 protomers of these heteroreceptor complexes, antipsychotics can fail to reduce the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The discovery of different types of D2 heteroreceptor complexes gives an increased understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in causing schizophrenia and new strategies for its treatment and understanding the side effects of antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Alexander O Tarakanov
- Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automatation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sergio Tanganelli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mileidys Perez-Alea
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Di Palma
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Earth, Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Physiology, Campus Scientifico 'Enrico Mattei', Urbino, Italy
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Tomiyama K, Kato R, Hara Y, Kobayashi M, Mishina M, Yanagawa Y, Kinsella A, Koshikawa N, Waddington J. Phenotypic characterization of orofacial movement topography in mutants with disruption of amino acid mechanisms: Glutamate N2A/B/D [GluRε1/2/4] subtypes and the GABA synthesizing enzyme GAD65. Neuroscience 2013; 250:743-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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The influence of ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands on anxiety-like effect of amphetamine withdrawal in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 45:242-9. [PMID: 23623810 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chronic amphetamine use results in anxiety-like states after drug cessation. The aim of the study was to determine a role of ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands in amphetamine-evoked withdrawal anxiety in the elevated plus-maze test in rats. In our study memantine (8 and 12 mg/kg), a noncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist did not reduce amphetamine withdrawal anxiety. Acamprosate (NMDA and metabotropic glutamate 5 receptor (mGluR5) antagonist) at the dose 200 and 400mg/kg showed anxiolytic-like effect, thus increasing the percent of time spent in open arms and a number of open arm entries. mGluR5 selective antagonist, MTEP (3-[(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl]pyridine hydrochloride) and mGluR2/3 agonist, LY354740 (1S,2S,5R,6S)-2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid), caused effects similar to acamprosate at doses 1.25-5mg/kg and 2.5-5mg/kg, respectively. None of the glutamate ligands influenced locomotor activity of rats when given to the saline-treated group. Taking into account the positive correlation between amphetamine withdrawal-induced anxiety and relapse to amphetamine taking, our results suggest that modulation of mGluRs may prevent relapse to amphetamine and might pose a new direction in amphetamine abuse therapy.
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Extrasynaptic targeting of NMDA receptors following D1 dopamine receptor activation and cocaine self-administration. J Neurosci 2013; 33:9451-61. [PMID: 23719812 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5730-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that after repeated exposure to cocaine, D1-like dopamine receptor (D1DR) stimulation reverses plastic changes of AMPA receptor-mediated signaling in the nucleus accumbens shell. However, there is little information on the impact of cocaine self-administration on D1-NMDA receptor interactions in this brain region. Here, using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, we assessed whether cocaine self-administration alters the effects of D1DR stimulation on synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDA receptors (NMDARs). In slices from cocaine-naive rats, pretreatment with a D1DR agonist decreased synaptic NMDAR-mediated currents and increased the contribution of extrasynaptic NMDARs. In contrast, neither cocaine self-administration alone nor cocaine experience followed by D1DR stimulation had an effect on synaptic or extrasynaptic NMDAR signaling. Activation of extrasynaptic NMDARs relies on the availability of extracellular glutamate, which is regulated primarily by glutamate transporters. In cocaine-experienced animals, relative to cocaine-naive rats, administration of a glutamate reuptake blocker, DL-threo-β-benzyloxyaspartic acid, revealed increased extrasynaptic NMDAR activity and stronger baseline activity of glutamate uptake transporters. In cocaine-naive rats, the D1DR-mediated increase in extrasynaptic NMDAR signaling was independent of the activity of glutamate reuptake transporters. Together, these results indicate that cocaine experience blunts the influence of D1DRs on synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDAR signaling. Additionally, prior cocaine self-administration limits activation of the extrasynaptic NMDAR pool by increasing glutamate reuptake. These findings outline a pattern of adaptive interactions between D1DRs and NMDARs in the nucleus accumbens shell and demonstrate upregulation of extrasynaptic NMDAR signaling as a novel consequence of cocaine self-administration.
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Wen XS, Chen XM, Rong F, Jing T, Chen S, Ma WL. The regulation of SKF38393 on the dopamine and D1 receptor expression in hippocampus during chronic REM sleep restriction. CNS Neurosci Ther 2013; 19:730-3. [PMID: 23827052 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Fuxe K, Agnati LF, Mora F. Brain integration: from networks to the cellular-molecular level. Brain Res 2012; 1476:1-2. [PMID: 23021761 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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