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Liu Y, Bi T, Wang G, Dai W, Wu G, Qian L, Gao Q, Shen G. Lupeol inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of human pancreatic cancer PCNA-1 cells through AKT/ERK pathways. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 388:295-304. [PMID: 25418891 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-1071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Lupeol, a dietary triterpene, present in many fruits and medicinal plants, has been reported to possess many pharmacological properties including anti-cancer activities both in vitro and in vivo. However, the precise mechanism involved remains largely unknown. The present study is conducted to investigate the anti-cancer activity and the underlying mechanisms of lupeol on human pancreatic cancer proliferating cell nuclear antigen 1 (PCNA-1) cells in vitro and in vivo. Lupeol significantly inhibited the proliferation of the cells in dose- and time-dependent manners and induced apoptosis as well as cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase by upregulating P21 and P27 and downregulating cyclin D1. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins in cells was evaluated by western blot analysis, and we found that lupeol induced cell apoptosis by decreasing the levels of p-AKT and p-ERK. In addition, pretreatment with a specific PI3K/AKT activator (IGF-1) significantly neutralized the pro-apoptotic activity of lupeol in PCNA-1 cells, demonstrating the important role of AKT in this process. More importantly, our in vivo studies showed that administration of lupeol decreased tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner. Immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated the downregulation of p-AKT and p-ERK in tumor tissues following lupeol treatment, consistent with the in vitro results. Therefore, these findings indicate that lupeol can inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis as well as cell cycle arrest of PCNA-1 cells and might offer a therapeutic potential advantage for human pancreatic cancer chemoprevention or chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Wujiang No.1 People's Hospital, Suzhou, 215200, China
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52
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Yokoe I, Azuma K, Hata K, Mukaiyama T, Goto T, Tsuka T, Imagawa T, Itoh N, Murahata Y, Osaki T, Minami S, Okamoto Y. Clinical systemic lupeol administration for canine oral malignant melanoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2014; 3:89-92. [PMID: 25469276 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2014.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine oral malignant melanoma (COMM) is the most aggressive malignant tumor in dogs. Lupeol is a triterpene extracted from various fruits and vegetables that reportedly inhibits melanoma cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. In this study, the efficacy of subcutaneous lupeol for spontaneous COMM was evaluated. A total of 11 dogs (3, 5 and 3 dogs diagnosed with clinical stage I, II and III melanoma, respectively) were evaluated. Subcutaneous lupeol (10 mg/kg) was administered postoperatively at various time points to treat these 11 COMM cases. Of the 11 subjects, 7 exhibited no local recurrence 180 days postoperatively and no severe adverse effects were observed in any of the cases. Furthermore, no distant metastasis was observed during the experimental period. Therefore, systemic lupeol may prevent local tumor progression and distant metastasis and may be a novel adjuvant treatment for the treatment of COMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inoru Yokoe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Kazuo Azuma
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Keishi Hata
- Institute for Food and Brewing, Akita Prefectural Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center, Akita 010-1623, Japan
| | | | - Takahiro Goto
- Sakamoto Bio Co., Ltd., Yuuwa-Memeki, Akita 010-1233, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsuka
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Imagawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Norihiko Itoh
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yusuke Murahata
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Osaki
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Saburo Minami
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Okamoto
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
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Broniatowski M, Flasiński M, Zięba K, Miśkowiec P. Langmuir monolayer studies of the interaction of monoamphiphilic pentacyclic triterpenes with anionic mitochondrial and bacterial membrane phospholipids — Searching for the most active terpene. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:2460-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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54
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Ruiz-Montañez G, Ragazzo-Sánchez J, Calderón-Santoyo M, Velázquez-de la Cruz G, Ramírez de León J, Navarro-Ocaña A. Evaluation of extraction methods for preparative scale obtention of mangiferin and lupeol from mango peels (Mangifera indica L.). Food Chem 2014; 159:267-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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55
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Bhandari P, Patel NK, Bhutani KK. Synthesis of new heterocyclic lupeol derivatives as nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokine inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3596-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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56
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Liu Y, Bi T, Shen G, Li Z, Wu G, Wang Z, Qian L, Gao Q. Lupeol induces apoptosis and inhibits invasion in gallbladder carcinoma GBC-SD cells by suppression of EGFR/MMP-9 signaling pathway. Cytotechnology 2014; 68:123-133. [PMID: 25037728 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9763-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytostatic drug from fruits and other plant derived products have acted as a chemotherapeutic agent used in treatment of a wide variety of cancers. Lupeol, a dietary triterpene, present in many fruits and medicinal plants, has been shown to possess many pharmacological properties including anti-cancer effect in both in vitro and in vivo assay systems. However, the cancer proliferative and invasive inhibitory effects and molecular mechanisms on gallbladder carcinoma GBC-SD cells have not been studied. In the present study, GBC-SD cells were treated by lupeol and subjected to methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium analysis, Hoechst 33342 staining, annexin V/propidium iodide double-staining, transwell chamber assay and Western blot analysis. In addition, GBC-SD xenograft tumors were established in male nude BALB/c mice, and lupeol was intravenously administered to evaluate the anti-cancer capacity in vivo. Our results showed that lupeol inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion and induced apoptosis of GBC-SD cells in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Furthermore, the expression of p-EGFR, p-AKT and MMP-9 levels were significantly down-regulated. These protein interactions may play a pivotal role in the regulation of apoptosis and invasion. More importantly, our in vivo studies showed that administration of lupeol decreased tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner. Immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated the down-regulation of p-EGFR and MMP-9 in tumor tissues following lupeol treatment, consistent with the in vitro results. Taken together, our findings indicated that lupeol can induce apoptotic cell death and inhibit the migration as well as invasion of GBC-SD cells. The mechanism may be associated with the suppression of EGFR/MMP-9 signaling. These results might offer a therapeutic potential advantage for human gallbladder carcinoma chemoprevention or chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Wujiang No.1 People's Hospital, Suzhou, 215200, China
- Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Tingting Bi
- Department of General Surgery, Wujiang No.1 People's Hospital, Suzhou, 215200, China
- Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Genhai Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Wujiang No.1 People's Hospital, Suzhou, 215200, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Wujiang No.1 People's Hospital, Suzhou, 215200, China
| | - Guoliang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Wujiang No.1 People's Hospital, Suzhou, 215200, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Wujiang No.1 People's Hospital, Suzhou, 215200, China
| | - Liqiang Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Wujiang No.1 People's Hospital, Suzhou, 215200, China
| | - Quangen Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Wujiang No.1 People's Hospital, Suzhou, 215200, China.
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Vijay Avin B, Prabhu T, Ramesh C, Vigneshwaran V, Riaz M, Jayashree K, Prabhakar B. New role of lupeol in reticence of angiogenesis, the cellular parameter of neoplastic progression in tumorigenesis models through altered gene expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 448:139-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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58
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Asmaa MJS, Al-Jamal HAN, Ang CY, Asan JM, Seeni A, Johan MF. Apoptosis Induction in MV4-11 and K562 Human Leukemic Cells by Pereskia sacharosa (Cactaceae) Leaf Crude Extract. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:475-81. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.1.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Kamble SM, Goyal SN, Patil CR. Multifunctional pentacyclic triterpenoids as adjuvants in cancer chemotherapy: a review. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02784a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective adjuvants in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika M. Kamble
- Drug Discovery Laboratory
- Department of Pharmacology
- R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Shirpur, Dist. Dhule, India
| | - Sameer N. Goyal
- Drug Discovery Laboratory
- Department of Pharmacology
- R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Shirpur, Dist. Dhule, India
| | - Chandragouda R. Patil
- Drug Discovery Laboratory
- Department of Pharmacology
- R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Shirpur, Dist. Dhule, India
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60
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Fasoli E, Righetti PG. The peel and pulp of mango fruit: A proteomic samba. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:2539-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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61
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Liu F, He Y, Liang Y, Wen L, Zhu Y, Wu Y, Zhao L, Li Y, Mao X, Liu H. PI3-kinase inhibition synergistically promoted the anti-tumor effect of lupeol in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2013; 13:108. [PMID: 24176221 PMCID: PMC3833314 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-13-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lup-20(29)-en-3H-ol (Lupeol), a dietary triterpene, has been shown to possess multiple pharmacological activities including anti-tumor effects Methods In the current study, we noted that low doses of lupeol (<40 μM) promoted the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells with a significant activation of the PI3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway. We further investigated the combined anti-tumor effect of lupeol and S14161, a newly identified PI3-Kinase inhibitor in vitro and in vivo Results The results demonstrated that lupeol and S14161 could exert a synergistic antitumor effect resulting in chemo-sensitization of HCC to low doses of lupeol. Using an in vivo HCC model, we further demonstrated that lupeol and S14161 synergistically inhibited tumor growth without any adverse effects on body weight Conclusion Our studies showed that the activation of PI3-kinase/Akt pathway resulted in the tumor-promoting effect with low doses of lupeol. Combining PI3-kinase inhibitor with lupeol could synergistically augment the anti-tumor effect of lupeol and might be an applicable strategy for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Haiyan Liu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P, R, China.
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62
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Rout KK, Mishra SK. Development of a Sensitive HPTLC Method for Quantification of Nimbolide in Azadirachta indica and Its Dosage Form. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 52:1089-94. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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63
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64
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Nitta M, Azuma K, Hata K, Takahashi S, Ogiwara K, Tsuka T, Imagawa T, Yokoe I, Osaki T, Minami S, Okamoto Y. Systemic and local injections of lupeol inhibit tumor growth in a melanoma-bearing mouse model. Biomed Rep 2013; 1:641-645. [PMID: 24649001 DOI: 10.3892/br.2013.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer and it is procured from activated or genetically altered epidermal melanocytes. In the present study, the tumor-suppressive effects of systemic and local injections of lupeol, a triterpene extracted from Indian lettuce (Lactuca indica), in a melanoma-bearing mouse model were evaluated. Mice were injected once with lupeol or olive oil (solvent control) subcutaneously into the skin of the back or into the tumor tissue. Seven days after the injection, the tumor growth rates were calculated and the tumor tissues were collected. Immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were performed. The tumor growth rates in the lupeol-injected group were significantly decreased compared to those observed in the non-treated (NT) and solvent control groups. Lupeol also significantly decreased the areas positively stained for Ki-67 and PCNA in the tumor tissues compared to those in the NT and solvent control groups. The results of the present study demonstrated that systemic and local injections of lupeol suppress tumor growth and induce cell cycle arrest in a melanoma-bearing mouse model. These data suggest that lupeol may be effective as a novel therapeutic option for melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Nitta
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Tottori 6808553, Japan
| | - Kazuo Azuma
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Tottori 6808553, Japan
| | - Keishi Hata
- Institute for Food and Brewing, Akita Prefectural Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center, Akita, Akita 0101623, Japan
| | - Saori Takahashi
- Institute for Food and Brewing, Akita Prefectural Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center, Akita, Akita 0101623, Japan
| | - Kikumi Ogiwara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525201, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsuka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Tottori 6808553, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Imagawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Tottori 6808553, Japan
| | - Inoru Yokoe
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Tottori 6808553, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Osaki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Tottori 6808553, Japan
| | - Saburo Minami
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Tottori 6808553, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Okamoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Tottori 6808553, Japan
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65
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Li W, Hao J, Xiao Y. Synthesis and in vitro antitumor activities of lupeol dicarboxylic acid monoester derivatives. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:1447-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0155-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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66
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Tay KS, Rahman NA, Abas MRB, Simoneit BR. Ozonation of triterpenoids: Implications for early diagenesis of biomarkers in oxic environments. ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY 2013; 57:34-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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67
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Karan S, Rout K, Mishra S, Pal D. Development and validation of HPTLC method for quantification of the antidiabetic compound α-amyrin acetate inStreblus asperLour. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.25.2012.6.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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68
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Ríos JL, Andújar I, Recio MC, Giner RM. Lanostanoids from fungi: a group of potential anticancer compounds. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:2016-2044. [PMID: 23092389 DOI: 10.1021/np300412h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lanostanes are a group of tetracyclic triterpenoids derived from lanosterol. They have relevant biological and pharmacological properties, such as their cytotoxic effects via induction of apoptosis. This review compiles the most relevant lanostanoids studied from 2000 to 2011, principally those isolated from Ganoderma lucidum and other related fungi, such as Poria cocos, Laetiporus sulphureus, Inonotus obliquus, Antrodia camphorata, Daedalea dickinsii, and Elfvingia applanata, which have great potential as anticancer agents because of their cytotoxic or apoptotic effects. The compounds were selected on the basis of their proapoptotic mechanisms, through their ability to modify transcriptional activities via nuclear factors or genes and the activation or inhibition of pro- or antiapoptotic proteins; studies based only on their cytotoxicity were excluded from this review in the absence of complementary studies on their mechanisms of action. A total of 81 compounds from Ganoderma lucidum and other species from this genus are included, as well as 96 compounds isolated from other fungi, principally Poria cocos. Some of these compounds were found to arrest the cell cycle in the G1 phase, increase levels of p53 and Bax, or inhibit the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 or the activation of NF-κB and AP-1. Other lanostanes have inhibitory effects on the growth of androgen prostate carcinoma through increasing the expression of p21, which activates the tumor suppressor protein p53, while other compounds have been shown to selectively inhibit topo II activity without affecting topo I. General considerations concerning the chemical structure-biological activities of these compounds are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Luis Ríos
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Valencia , Avenida Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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69
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Broniatowski M, Flasiński M, Wydro P. Investigation of the interactions of lupane type pentacyclic triterpenes with outer leaflet membrane phospholipids--Langmuir monolayer and synchrotron X-ray scattering study. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 381:116-24. [PMID: 22682981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Lupane type pentacyclic triterpenes (LTs) are pharmacologically active natural products isolated from different plants. They have broad spectrum of therapeutic action ranging from anticancer via anti-HIV, antibiotic to anti-inflammatory and anti-protozoal activity. Many scientific papers underline that the key stage in the LT mechanism of action is their incorporation into cellular membrane and the interaction with the structural lipids. In our research we apply Langmuir monolayers as a versatile platform for the investigation of these phenomena, since till now important aspects concerning this issue are incomprehensible. We focus our attention on the interactions of lupeol and betulinic acid with choline-headgroup structural lipids: a representative of saturated glycerophosphatidylcholines (DPPCs), and octadecyl-sphingomyelin--a representative of membrane sphingolipids. Application of complementary physicochemical techniques such as the Langmuir technique, Brewster angle microscopy, and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction supported by thermodynamic analysis enabled us to investigate the intermolecular interactions in such binary model systems. Our results corroborate that LT is miscible with the outer leaflet membrane phospholipids, both DPPC and SM in the whole range of mole ratios. Moreover, the introduction of LT into the phospholipid film, even in small proportion, leads to the loss of periodical ordering of the phospholipid molecules and the disappearance of the diffraction signal as observed by GIXD. Our results also proved that LT does not form any surface complexes of fixed stoichiometry resembling the well characterized lipid rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Broniatowski
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland.
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70
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Baliga MS. Review of the phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties of Alstonia Scholaris Linn. R. Br (Saptaparna). Chin J Integr Med 2012. [PMID: 22457172 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-011-0947-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of ethnornedical information has immensely contributed to health care, and scientific studies have shown that the evaluation of traditionally used medicines may provide leads towards effective drug discovery. Since antiquity, Alstonia scholaris connmonly known as devil's tree has been used for the treatment of many human ailments. Literature suggests that Alstonia scholaris is useful in treating malaria, abdominal disorders, dyspepsia, leprosy, skin diseases, tumors, chronic and foul ulcers, asthma, bronchitis, helminthiasis, agalactia, and debility. Preclinical studies have shown that it possesses anti-microbial, anti-diarrhoeal, anti-plasmodial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory hepatoprotective, nootrophic, anti-stress, anti-fertility, immunomodulatory, analgesic, anti-ulcer, wound healing, anti-cancer, chemopreventive, radiation protection, radiation sensitization, and chemosensitization activities. The diverse pharmacological observations are supposed to be due to the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids and phenolic acids. The bark and leaf extract when administered orally did not induce lethality or adverse affects at the limit doses of 2 000 mg/kg body weight. However when administered intraperitoneally at high concentrations, the extract showed systemic and developmental toxicities. This review addresses the experimentally authenticated facts and also suggests the need for research on chemical and pharmacological properties of Alstonia scholaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjeshwar Shrinath Baliga
- Department of Research and Development, Father Muller Medical College, Father Muller Hospital Road, Kankanady, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575002, India,
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71
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Broniatowski M, Flasiński M, Wydro P. Lupane-type pentacyclic triterpenes in Langmuir monolayers: a synchrotron radiation scattering study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:5201-5210. [PMID: 22360277 DOI: 10.1021/la300024f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Lupane-type pentacyclic triterpenes (lupeol, betulin, and betulinic acid) are natural products isolated from various plant sources. The terpenes exhibit a vast spectrum of biological activity and are applied in therapies for different diseases, among which the anticancer, anti-HIV, antihypercholesteremic, and antiinflammatory are the most promising. These chemicals possess amphiphilic structure and were proved to interact strongly with biomembranes, which can be the key stage in their mechanism of action. In our studies, we applied Langmuir monolayers as versatile models of biomembranes. It turned out that the three investigated terpenes are capable of stable monolayer formation; however, these monolayers differ profoundly regarding their physicochemical characteristics. In our research, we applied the Langmuir technique (surface pressure-mean molecular area (π-A) isotherm registration) coupled with Brewster angle microscopy (BAM), but the main focus was on the synchrotron radiation scattering method, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD), which provides information on the amphiphilic molecule ordering in the angström scale. It was proved that all the investigated terpenes form crystalline phases in their monolayers. In the case of lupeol, only the closely packed upright phase was observed, whereas for betulin and betulinic acid, the phase situation was more complex. Betulinic acid molecules can be organized in an upright phase, which is crystalline, and in a tilted phase, which is amorphous. The betulin film is a conglomerate of an upright crystalline monolayer phase, tilted amorphous monolayer phase, and a crystalline tilted bilayer. In our paper, we discuss the factors leading to the formation of the observed phases and the implications of our results to the therapeutic applications of the native lupane-type triterpenes.
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72
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Mooi LY, Yew WT, Hsum YW, Soo KK, Hoon LS, Chieng YC. Suppressive effect of maslinic acid on PMA-induced protein kinase C in human B-lymphoblastoid cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:1177-82. [PMID: 22799301 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.4.1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) has been implicated in carcinogenesis and displays variable expression profiles during cancer progression. Studies of dietary phytochemicals on cancer signalling pathway regulation have been conducted to search for potent signalling regulatory agents. The present study was designed to evaluate any suppressive effect of maslinic acid on PKC expression in human B-lymphoblastoid cells (Raji cells), and to identify the PKC isoforms expressed. Effects of maslinic acid on PKC activity were determined using a PepTag assay for non-radioactive detection of PKC. The highest expression in Raji cells was obtained at 20 nM PMA induced for 6 hours. Suppressive effects of maslinic acid were compared with those of four PKC inhibitors (H- 7, rottlerin, sphingosine, staurosporine) and two triterpenes (oleanolic acid and ursolic acid). The IC₅₀ values achieved for maslinic acid, staurosporine, H-7, sphingosine, rottlerin, ursolic acid and oleanolic acid were 11.52, 0.011, 0.767, 2.45, 5.46, 27.93 and 39.29 μM, respectively. Four PKC isoforms, PKC βI, βII, δ, and ζ, were identified in Raji cells via western blotting. Maslinic acid suppressed the expression of PKC βI, δ, and ζ in a concentration-dependent manner. These preliminary results suggest promising suppressive effects of maslinic acid on PKC activity in Raji cells. Maslinic acid could be a potent cancer chemopreventive agent that may be involved in regulating many downstream signalling pathways that are activated through PKC receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lim Yang Mooi
- Department of Pre-clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia.
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73
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Thoppil RJ, Bishayee A. Terpenoids as potential chemopreventive and therapeutic agents in liver cancer. World J Hepatol 2011; 3:228-49. [PMID: 21969877 PMCID: PMC3182282 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v3.i9.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in medicine, liver cancer, predominantly hepatocellular carcinoma remains a major cause of death in the United States as well as the rest of the world. As limited treatment options are currently available to patients with liver cancer, novel preventive control and effective therapeutic approaches are considered to be reasonable and decisive measures to combat this disease. Several naturally occurring dietary and non-dietary phytochemicals have shown enormous potential in the prevention and treatment of several cancers, especially those of the gastrointestinal tract. Terpenoids, the largest group of phytochemicals, traditionally used for medicinal purposes in India and China, are currently being explored as anticancer agents in clinical trials. Terpenoids (also called "isoprenoids") are secondary metabolites occurring in most organisms, particularly plants. More than 40 000 individual terpenoids are known to exist in nature with new compounds being discovered every year. A large number of terpenoids exhibit cytotoxicity against a variety of tumor cells and cancer preventive as well as anticancer efficacy in preclinical animal models. This review critically examines the potential role of naturally occurring terpenoids, from diverse origins, in the chemoprevention and treatment of liver tumors. Both in vitro and in vivo effects of these agents and related cellular and molecular mechanisms are highlighted. Potential challenges and future directions involved in the advancement of these promising natural compounds in the chemoprevention and therapy of human liver cancer are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roslin J Thoppil
- Roslin J Thoppil, Anupam Bishayee, Cancer Therapeutics and Chemoprevention Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rootstown, OH 44272, United States
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74
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Duan DD, Bu CY, Cheng J, Wang YN, Shi GL. Isolation and identification of acaricidal compounds in Inula japonica (Asteraceae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2011; 104:375-378. [PMID: 21510182 DOI: 10.1603/ec10129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We identified acaricidal compounds in Inula japonica Thunberg (Asteraceae) that were effective against carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval). Petroleum-ether extracts from I. japonica were toxic to T. cinnabarinus, with a 50% lethal concentration (LC50) value of 1.18 mg/ml. Silica gel column chromatography was used to separate the acaricidal components. Seventeen of 38 fraction groups had mite mortality rates >50%, nine fraction groups had rates >60%, and three fraction groups had rates >80% at 2 mg/ml. The major volatile compounds in the bioactive fraction groups were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, and beta-sitosterol (1), stigmasterol (2), lupeol (3), and alpha-amyrin (4) were identified and determined to have acaricidal activity against T. cinnabarinus in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Duan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture P. R. China, Beijing University of Agriculture Beijing, 102206, China
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75
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Beneficial health effects of lupeol triterpene: A review of preclinical studies. Life Sci 2011; 88:285-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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76
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He Y, Liu F, Zhang L, Wu Y, Hu B, Zhang Y, Li Y, Liu H. Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis Induced by Lupeol, a Dietary Triterpene, in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:517-22. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Fen Liu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Lurong Zhang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University
- Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yan Wu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Bo Hu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Yinsheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Yunsen Li
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
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Gullett NP, Ruhul Amin ARM, Bayraktar S, Pezzuto JM, Shin DM, Khuri FR, Aggarwal BB, Surh YJ, Kucuk O. Cancer prevention with natural compounds. Semin Oncol 2010; 37:258-81. [PMID: 20709209 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2010.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Botanical and nutritional compounds have been used for the treatment of cancer throughout history. These compounds also may be useful in the prevention of cancer. Population studies suggest that a reduced risk of cancer is associated with high consumption of vegetables and fruits. Thus, the cancer chemopreventive potential of naturally occurring phytochemicals is of great interest. There are numerous reports of cancer chemopreventive activity of dietary botanicals, including cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage and broccoli, Allium vegetables such as garlic and onion, green tea, Citrus fruits, soybeans, tomatoes, berries, and ginger, as well as medicinal plants. Several lead compounds, such as genistein (from soybeans), lycopene (from tomatoes), brassinin (from cruciferous vegetables), sulforaphane (from asparagus), indole-3-carbinol (from broccoli), and resveratrol (from grapes and peanuts) are in preclinical or clinical trials for cancer chemoprevention. Phytochemicals have great potential in cancer prevention because of their safety, low cost, and oral bioavailability. In this review, we discuss potential natural cancer preventive compounds and their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norleena P Gullett
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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78
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Secondary plant substances in various extracts of the leaves, fruits, stem and bark of Caraipa densifolia Mart. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:1597-606. [PMID: 20347919 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Thirty secondary plant substances were detected in various extracts of the leaves, fruits, stem and bark of Caraipadensifolia Mart. Phenolic compounds were preliminarily identified and quantitated by HPLC-ESI-MS and the structures of the compounds, purified by semi-preparative HPLC, were further characterized by nano-ESI-MS-MS. The presence of gallic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, methyl gallate, p-coumaric acid quinate, epicatechin, procaynidin dimer B(2), procyanidin trimer C(1), syringic acid, 1,2,3,6-tetragallate glucoside, 1,3,4,6-tetragallate glucoside, corilagin, ellagic acid, methyl ellagic acid rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, two apigenin-C-glycosides (vitexin and isovitexin) and two luteolin-C-glycosides (orientin and isoorientin) are reported in this species for the first time. In addition, the previously reported following terpenoids, lupeol, lupenone, betulinic acid, betulin, friedelin and a previously non-characterized terpenoid in this species, friedelinol were identified and quantitated by GC-MS. A previously identified sterol was beta-sitosterol along with stigmasterol in this species for the first time. The vitamins alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol were also identified in extracts of the leaves of Caraipa species for the first time. The data shows that the botanical parts of C. densifolia Mart. has a much richer spectrum of secondary plant substances than previously reported.
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Abstract
New therapies using novel mechanisms to induce tumor cell death are needed with plants playing a crucial role as a source for potential anticancer compounds. One highly promising class of natural compounds are the triterpenoids with betulinic acid (BetA) as the most prominent representative. In-vitro studies have identified this agent as potently effective against a wide variety of cancer cells, also those derived from therapy-resistant and refractory tumors, whereas it has been found to be relatively nontoxic for healthy cells. In-vivo preclinically applied BetA showed some remarkable anticancer effects and a complete absence of systemic toxicity in rodents. BetA also cooperated with other therapies to induce tumor cell death and several potent derivatives have been discovered. Its antitumor activity has been related to its direct effects on mitochondria where it induces Bax/Bak-independent cytochrome-c release.
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80
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Sakkrom. The Effect of Phyllanthus taxodiifolius Beille Extracts and its Triterpenoids Studying on Cellular Energetic Stage of Cancer Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3844/ajptsp.2010.139.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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81
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Triterpenes promote keratinocyte differentiation in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo: a role for the transient receptor potential canonical (subtype) 6. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130:113-23. [PMID: 19675576 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown recently that triterpenes inhibit cancer cell growth of various cell types in vitro. In this work, the effect of highly purified triterpenes (TE) with betulin as the major compound (>80% w/w) on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of human keratinocytes was analyzed in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. In vitro, TE increased calcium influx into primary keratinocytes and upregulated various differentiation markers including keratin 10. TE also specifically increased the expression of the non-selective transient receptor potential canonical (subtype) 6 (TRPC6) in keratinocytes, and knocking down TRPC6 inhibited keratin 10 upregulation. Ex vivo, in human skin explants TE induced the expression of TRPC6 in the epidermis and increased DNA fragmentation of terminally differentiating keratinocytes. Topical treatment with TE of actinic keratoses, that represent in situ squamous cell carcinomas with disturbed epithelial differentiation, resulted in downgrading of aberrant Ki67 expression and upregulation of keratin 10 in vivo. Our data indicate that TE promotes keratinocyte differentiation in vitro and in vivo. This effect seems to be mediated at least in part by TRPC6.
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82
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Felföldi-Gáva A, Simándi B, Plánder S, Szarka S, Szőke É, Kéry Á. Betulaceae and platanaceae plants as alternative sources of selected lupane-type triterpenes. Their composition profile and betulin content. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2009. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.21.2009.4.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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83
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Kuo RY, Qian K, Morris-Natschke SL, Lee KH. Plant-derived triterpenoids and analogues as antitumor and anti-HIV agents. Nat Prod Rep 2009; 26:1321-44. [PMID: 19779642 DOI: 10.1039/b810774m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reen-Yen Kuo
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7568, USA
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84
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Singh N, Khatoon S, Srivastava N, Rawat A, Mehrotra S. Qualitative and quantitative standardization ofMyrica esculentaBuch.-Ham. stem bark by use of HPTLC. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2009. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.22.2009.4.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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85
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Gastroprotective effect of lupeol on ethanol-induced gastric damage and the underlying mechanism. Inflammopharmacology 2009; 17:221-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-009-0009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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86
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Jäger S, Trojan H, Kopp T, Laszczyk MN, Scheffler A. Pentacyclic triterpene distribution in various plants - rich sources for a new group of multi-potent plant extracts. Molecules 2009; 14:2016-31. [PMID: 19513002 PMCID: PMC6254168 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14062016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentacyclic triterpenes are secondary plant metabolites widespread in fruit peel, leaves and stem bark. In particular the lupane-, oleanane-, and ursane triterpenes display various pharmacological effects while being devoid of prominent toxicity. Therefore, these triterpenes are promising leading compounds for the development of new multi-targeting bioactive agents. Screening of 39 plant materials identified triterpene rich (> 0.1% dry matter) plant parts. Plant materials with high triterpene concentrations were then used to obtain dry extracts by accelerated solvent extraction resulting in a triterpene content of 50 - 90%. Depending on the plant material, betulin (birch bark), betulinic acid (plane bark), oleanolic acid (olive leaves, olive pomace, mistletoe sprouts, clove flowers), ursolic acid (apple pomace) or an equal mixture of the three triterpene acids (rosemary leaves) are the main components of these dry extracts. They are quantitatively characterised plant extracts supplying a high concentration of actives and therefore can be used for development of phytopharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Jäger
- Carl Gustav Carus-Institute, Am Eichhof 30, D-75223 Niefern-Öschelbronn, Germany
| | - Holger Trojan
- Carl Gustav Carus-Institute, Am Eichhof 30, D-75223 Niefern-Öschelbronn, Germany
| | - Thomas Kopp
- Carl Gustav Carus-Institute, Am Eichhof 30, D-75223 Niefern-Öschelbronn, Germany
| | - Melanie N. Laszczyk
- Betulin-Institute, Blumenstrasse 24, D-64297 Darmstadt, Germany; E-Mail: (M-N.L.)
| | - Armin Scheffler
- Carl Gustav Carus-Institute, Am Eichhof 30, D-75223 Niefern-Öschelbronn, Germany
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87
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Amin AR, Kucuk O, Khuri FR, Shin DM. Perspectives for cancer prevention with natural compounds. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27:2712-25. [PMID: 19414669 PMCID: PMC2690394 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.20.6235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2008] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Despite the estimated 565,650 deaths in 2008 of Americans as a result of cancer, it is mostly a preventable disease. Simply by modification of diet, maintenance of optimum body weight, and regular physical activity, 30% to 40% of all instances of cancer could be prevented. Modification of diet alone by increasing vegetable and fruit intake could prevent 20% or more of all cases of cancer and may potentially prevent approximately 200,000 cancer-related deaths annually. Because of their safety, low toxicity, antioxidant properties, and general acceptance as dietary supplements, fruits, vegetables, and other dietary elements (phytochemicals and minerals) are being investigated for the prevention of cancer. Extensive research over the past several decades has identified numerous dietary and botanical natural compounds that have chemopreventive potential. In this review, we discuss promising natural chemopreventive compounds, their molecular targets, and their mechanisms, which may help the further design and conduct of preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.R.M. Ruhul Amin
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Omer Kucuk
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Fadlo R. Khuri
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Dong M. Shin
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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88
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Khallouki F, Hull WE, Owen RW. Characterization of a rare triterpenoid and minor phenolic compounds in the root bark of Anisophyllea dichostyla R. Br. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:2007-12. [PMID: 19460411 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Revised: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Anisophyllea dichostyla R. Br. (Anisophylleaceae), is a small shrub which grows widely in regions of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) where its root barks are used in folk medicine for the treatment of many debilitating diseases. In a previous work [Khallouki, F., Haubner, R., Hull, W.E., Erben, G., Spiegelhalder, B., Bartsch, H., Owen, R.W., 2007. Isolation, purification and identification of ellagic acid derivatives, catechins and procyanidins from the root barks of Anisophyllea dichostyla R. Br. Food and Chemical Toxicology 45, 472-485] on this species, an appreciable number (16) of phenolic antioxidants (3.32 g/kg) such as ellagitannins (27%) and polyhydroxyflavan-3-ols (catechins and procyanidins; 73%) were isolated and identified. Two fractions, as well as containing minor phenolic compounds also showed evidence of a secondary plant substance similar to a triterpenoid. Following purification of the triterpenoid by semi-preparative HPLC, and recrystallization, the structure was elucidated as bryonolic acid as evinced by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses including (1)H and (13)C NMR, DEPT, COSY, ROESY, HMQC, HMBC, HPLC-ESI-MS and GC-MS experiments. Bryonolic acid, which is extremely rare in nature, is therefore reported in the family Anisophylleaceae for the first time. Furthermore, the following minor phenolic compounds namely tyrosol, 2-(3-methoxy, 4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethanol, vanillin, syringaldehyde, vanillic acid, syringic acid, gallic acid and ferulic acid were also identified by GC-MS in this species for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Khallouki
- Division of Chemopreventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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89
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Lupeol induces p53 and cyclin-B-mediated G2/M arrest and targets apoptosis through activation of caspase in mouse skin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 381:253-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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90
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Gauthier C, Legault J, Piochon M, Lavoie S, Tremblay S, Pichette A. Synthesis, cytotoxicity, and haemolytic activity of chacotrioside lupane-type neosaponins and their germanicane-type rearrangement products. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2310-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 02/15/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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91
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Gauthier C, Legault J, Girard-Lalancette K, Mshvildadze V, Pichette A. Haemolytic activity, cytotoxicity and membrane cell permeabilization of semi-synthetic and natural lupane- and oleanane-type saponins. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:2002-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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92
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Murtaza I, Saleem M, Adhami VM, Hafeez BB, Mukhtar H. Suppression of cFLIP by lupeol, a dietary triterpene, is sufficient to overcome resistance to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in chemoresistant human pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer Res 2009; 69:1156-65. [PMID: 19176377 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (cFLIP) is reported to confer chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer (PaC) cells. This study was designed to investigate the effect of lupeol, a dietary triterpene, on (a) apoptosis of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) therapy-resistant PaC cells overexpressing cFLIP and (b) growth of human pancreatic tumor xenografts in vivo. The effect of lupeol treatment on proliferation and TRAIL/caspase-8/cFLIP machinery in PaC cells was investigated. Next, cFLIP-overexpressing and cFLIP-suppressed cells were tested for sensitivity to recombinant TRAIL therapy in the presence of lupeol. Further, athymic nude mice implanted with AsPC-1 cells were treated with lupeol (40 mg/kg) thrice a week and surrogate biomarkers were evaluated in tumors. Lupeol alone treatment of cells caused (a) decrease in proliferation, (b) induction of caspase-8 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, and (c) down-regulation of transcriptional activation and expression of cFLIP. Lupeol was observed to increase the TRAIL protein level in cells. Lupeol significantly decreased the viability of AsPC-1 cells both in cFLIP-suppressed cells and in cFLIP-overexpressing cells. Lupeol significantly sensitized chemoresistant PaC cells to undergo apoptosis by recombinant TRAIL. Finally, lupeol significantly reduced the growth of human PaC tumors propagated in athymic nude mice and caused modulation of cFLIP and TRAIL protein levels in tumors. Our findings showed the anticancer efficacy of lupeol with mechanistic rationale against highly chemoresistant human PaC cells. We suggest that lupeol, alone or as an adjuvant to current therapies, could be useful for the management of human PaC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiyaz Murtaza
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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